Pub Date : 2024-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128628
Hayden W. Bock, Olivia B. Morse, Frank S. Rossi, Peter M. Groffman, Jed P. Sparks, Kyle G. Wickings
Home lawns are one of the most common urban land surfaces in the United States and provision many cultural and ecological benefits. Many of these benefits arise from turfgrass soils and their belowground ecosystems. As homeowner interest in managing lawns for diverse ecosystem services grows, it is important to understand how varying management practices affect these goals and how efforts to manage belowground ecology may alter lawn quality and aesthetic. In this study we utilized an experimental lawn system to contrast the effects of management intensity on soil fauna communities, microbial biomass, and decomposition. Further, we simultaneously investigate how the prioritization of these belowground organisms and processes may inadvertently alter lawn quality. Our results show that decreasing management intensity leads to increases in the abundance, richness, and diversity of soil fauna communities, with these changes being most apparent in certain taxa like predatory mites (e.g. Mesostigmata). Despite significant increases in soil fauna, we did not observe downstream changes to soil microbial biomass carbon or nitrogen or decomposition, all aspects of soil ecosystem functioning which are mediated by soil fauna. Further, turf aesthetic assessments revealed substantial decreases in lawn quality in the presence of low-intensity management. Collectively, these results highlight the nuanced ecology of turfgrass systems, and the need to temper societal expectations for turfgrass aesthetics if we are to promote a shift towards valuing ecological integrity in turfgrass appraisals.
{"title":"Lawn management intensity leads to contrasting effects on belowground ecology and turfgrass aesthetic","authors":"Hayden W. Bock, Olivia B. Morse, Frank S. Rossi, Peter M. Groffman, Jed P. Sparks, Kyle G. Wickings","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128628","url":null,"abstract":"Home lawns are one of the most common urban land surfaces in the United States and provision many cultural and ecological benefits. Many of these benefits arise from turfgrass soils and their belowground ecosystems. As homeowner interest in managing lawns for diverse ecosystem services grows, it is important to understand how varying management practices affect these goals and how efforts to manage belowground ecology may alter lawn quality and aesthetic. In this study we utilized an experimental lawn system to contrast the effects of management intensity on soil fauna communities, microbial biomass, and decomposition. Further, we simultaneously investigate how the prioritization of these belowground organisms and processes may inadvertently alter lawn quality. Our results show that decreasing management intensity leads to increases in the abundance, richness, and diversity of soil fauna communities, with these changes being most apparent in certain taxa like predatory mites (e.g. Mesostigmata). Despite significant increases in soil fauna, we did not observe downstream changes to soil microbial biomass carbon or nitrogen or decomposition, all aspects of soil ecosystem functioning which are mediated by soil fauna. Further, turf aesthetic assessments revealed substantial decreases in lawn quality in the presence of low-intensity management. Collectively, these results highlight the nuanced ecology of turfgrass systems, and the need to temper societal expectations for turfgrass aesthetics if we are to promote a shift towards valuing ecological integrity in turfgrass appraisals.","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"249 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128633
Mario Torralba, Emmeline Topp, Fouad Mounir, Laura Kmoch, Tobias Plieninger
The use of large green infrastructures in peri-urban areas, such as urban forests, has become one of the most relevant tools to mitigate some of the negative impacts of urbanization while providing multiple benefits to city dwellers. However, these peri-urban forests are often highly contested spaces. Agroforestry offers a promising solution to reconcile diverging interests in the peri-urban context. In this study, we look at the Maâmora cork oak forest in Morocco, which exemplifies some of the challenges faced by large-scale green infrastructures that become enmeshed in rapid urbanization. We explore these dynamics and (1) map how local residents perceive a peri-urban agroforest, (2) characterize groups of residents according to their perceptions, and (3) disentangle preferences for the development of green infrastructure. To do this, we conducted 278 participatory mapping interviews in three urban and three rural settlements around Maâmora, mapping urban and rural residents’ uses, values, disvalues, and development preferences. Our results show how urban agroforestry could reconcile multiple demands in peri-urban green spaces. However, our analysis reveals contrasting development preferences between rural and urban residents and points to a growing disconnection from nature among urban dwellers, which risks marginalizing diverse perspectives from those residents more closely connected to the landscape. Our analysis also highlights the importance of exploring disvalues for a better recognition of the plural values of nature and to identify potential conflicts in the context of urban and rural planning.
{"title":"Diverging values and development options for agroforestry in a metropolitan area of North Africa","authors":"Mario Torralba, Emmeline Topp, Fouad Mounir, Laura Kmoch, Tobias Plieninger","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128633","url":null,"abstract":"The use of large green infrastructures in peri-urban areas, such as urban forests, has become one of the most relevant tools to mitigate some of the negative impacts of urbanization while providing multiple benefits to city dwellers. However, these peri-urban forests are often highly contested spaces. Agroforestry offers a promising solution to reconcile diverging interests in the peri-urban context. In this study, we look at the Maâmora cork oak forest in Morocco, which exemplifies some of the challenges faced by large-scale green infrastructures that become enmeshed in rapid urbanization. We explore these dynamics and (1) map how local residents perceive a peri-urban agroforest, (2) characterize groups of residents according to their perceptions, and (3) disentangle preferences for the development of green infrastructure. To do this, we conducted 278 participatory mapping interviews in three urban and three rural settlements around Maâmora, mapping urban and rural residents’ uses, values, disvalues, and development preferences. Our results show how urban agroforestry could reconcile multiple demands in peri-urban green spaces. However, our analysis reveals contrasting development preferences between rural and urban residents and points to a growing disconnection from nature among urban dwellers, which risks marginalizing diverse perspectives from those residents more closely connected to the landscape. Our analysis also highlights the importance of exploring disvalues for a better recognition of the plural values of nature and to identify potential conflicts in the context of urban and rural planning.","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128631
Wei Li, Xin Fu, Taolue Gao, Xinhao Wang
Centralized blue-green infrastructure (CBGI) offers significant advantages for climate change adaptation due to substantial water storage, flexible drainage areas, and various social-ecological benefits. However, the planning and managing CBGI’s dynamic storage and runoff assignment at a regional scale have not received adequate attentions. We propose to develop a scenario-based Stormwater Management Planning Support System for CBGI (SMPSS-CBGI) to calculate and assign runoff, as well as regulate contributing drainage area according to rainfall events and CBGI storage. This system has been implemented in an artificial lake in the Fengxi New City, Shaanxi, China. Twelve scenarios were developed according to rainfall intensities, management objectives, managing activities, and land use and climate changes. Runoff generation using the curve number method and CBGI storage simulation through terrain analysis were conducted in CommunityViz 5.2 integrated with ArcGIS. The findings indicated that CBGI successfully managed all runoff from 23 drainage units during a 10-year recurrence rainfall event. When the rainfall recurrence increased to a 50-year event, the number of drainage units effectively regulated by CBGI reduced to 10 out of 23. In future scenarios featuring extreme rainfall and a rise in impervious surfaces, CBGI regulated 25.7 % of the total runoff. It is advisable to integrate additional stormwater infrastructure to accommodate these anticipated changes. Meanwhile, SMPSS-CBGI can effectively incorporate stakeholder opinions and concerns through its user-friendly interface, which facilitates real-time updates and visualizations of results.
{"title":"Assessing the performance of centralized blue-green infrastructure in dynamic stormwater storage and runoff assignment","authors":"Wei Li, Xin Fu, Taolue Gao, Xinhao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128631","url":null,"abstract":"Centralized blue-green infrastructure (CBGI) offers significant advantages for climate change adaptation due to substantial water storage, flexible drainage areas, and various social-ecological benefits. However, the planning and managing CBGI’s dynamic storage and runoff assignment at a regional scale have not received adequate attentions. We propose to develop a scenario-based Stormwater Management Planning Support System for CBGI (SMPSS-CBGI) to calculate and assign runoff, as well as regulate contributing drainage area according to rainfall events and CBGI storage. This system has been implemented in an artificial lake in the Fengxi New City, Shaanxi, China. Twelve scenarios were developed according to rainfall intensities, management objectives, managing activities, and land use and climate changes. Runoff generation using the curve number method and CBGI storage simulation through terrain analysis were conducted in CommunityViz 5.2 integrated with ArcGIS. The findings indicated that CBGI successfully managed all runoff from 23 drainage units during a 10-year recurrence rainfall event. When the rainfall recurrence increased to a 50-year event, the number of drainage units effectively regulated by CBGI reduced to 10 out of 23. In future scenarios featuring extreme rainfall and a rise in impervious surfaces, CBGI regulated 25.7 % of the total runoff. It is advisable to integrate additional stormwater infrastructure to accommodate these anticipated changes. Meanwhile, SMPSS-CBGI can effectively incorporate stakeholder opinions and concerns through its user-friendly interface, which facilitates real-time updates and visualizations of results.","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128641
Olivia Dondina, Pietro Tirozzi, Andrea Viviano, Emiliano Mori, Valerio Orioli, Nicola Tommasi, Alessandro Tanzi, Lisa Bazzoli, Enrico Caprio, Corinna Patetta, Maria Chiara Pastore, Luciano Bani, Leonardo Ancillotto
In an increasingly anthropogenic world, urban green areas are critical for human well-being because of the ecosystem services they offer. However, the management of these areas often prioritizes economic, architectural, and esthetic needs over ecological functionality, undermining the benefits they ought to provide. Actions to restore the functional ecological processes of urban green areas have thus become increasingly urgent. This study investigated the impact of urban green area characteristics on the community composition of an indicator animal group to inform Nature-Based Solutions (NBSs) for urban biodiversity and sustainability enhancement. We analyzed data on small mammal community composition from three Italian metropolitan cities (Milan, Florence, and Rome), focusing on the distribution pattern of synanthropic and non-synanthropic species. Small mammal surveys were carried out using hair tubes in sampled areas located along a gradient of green area size and fragmentation. Multiple Linear Mixed Models assessed the influence of spatial and habitat green area characteristics on species richness. Synanthropic species richness was positively associated with manicured urban parks, while non-synanthropic species richness was higher in woodland green areas characterized by high shrub cover. Through a Linear Mixed Model and NODF-based Nestedness analyses, we found that competitive exclusion and selective extinction/colonization processes did not significantly influence community composition. These insights emphasize the major influence of habitat composition in supporting functional communities of urban small mammals. To move toward resilient urban ecosystems, NBSs must primarily be implemented at a local scale by creating green patches with high habitat quality, and secondarily, they should be embedded in an interconnected and functional network at a city scale.
{"title":"Spatial and habitat determinants of small-mammal biodiversity in urban green areas: Lessons for nature-based solutions","authors":"Olivia Dondina, Pietro Tirozzi, Andrea Viviano, Emiliano Mori, Valerio Orioli, Nicola Tommasi, Alessandro Tanzi, Lisa Bazzoli, Enrico Caprio, Corinna Patetta, Maria Chiara Pastore, Luciano Bani, Leonardo Ancillotto","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128641","url":null,"abstract":"In an increasingly anthropogenic world, urban green areas are critical for human well-being because of the ecosystem services they offer. However, the management of these areas often prioritizes economic, architectural, and esthetic needs over ecological functionality, undermining the benefits they ought to provide. Actions to restore the functional ecological processes of urban green areas have thus become increasingly urgent. This study investigated the impact of urban green area characteristics on the community composition of an indicator animal group to inform Nature-Based Solutions (NBSs) for urban biodiversity and sustainability enhancement. We analyzed data on small mammal community composition from three Italian metropolitan cities (Milan, Florence, and Rome), focusing on the distribution pattern of synanthropic and non-synanthropic species. Small mammal surveys were carried out using hair tubes in sampled areas located along a gradient of green area size and fragmentation. Multiple Linear Mixed Models assessed the influence of spatial and habitat green area characteristics on species richness. Synanthropic species richness was positively associated with manicured urban parks, while non-synanthropic species richness was higher in woodland green areas characterized by high shrub cover. Through a Linear Mixed Model and NODF-based Nestedness analyses, we found that competitive exclusion and selective extinction/colonization processes did not significantly influence community composition. These insights emphasize the major influence of habitat composition in supporting functional communities of urban small mammals. To move toward resilient urban ecosystems, NBSs must primarily be implemented at a local scale by creating green patches with high habitat quality, and secondarily, they should be embedded in an interconnected and functional network at a city scale.","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128632
Eric G. Yee, Katalin Szlavecz, Meghan L. Avolio
Heavy metal hyperaccumulation by plants is a powerful tool in phytoremediation, where plants store heavy metals in large amounts in their aboveground tissue. Plant species in the Plantago genus exhibit this phenomenon, and their commonness in metropolitan centers around the world make them strong candidates for use in cities. Additionally, alteration of soil conditions by these plants can have cascading consequences on their soil microarthropod communities, which are strong bioindicators of soil health. To this end, we investigated the hyperaccumulation ability of two plantain species, Plantago lanceolata (non-native to North America) and Plantago rugelii (native to North America), and their soil microarthropod communities from field-collected specimens in Baltimore, MD, USA, which has an extensively documented legacy of heavy metal contamination. Notably, this is the first study to assess the influence of plant hyperaccumulation on soil microarthropod abundance and diversity using soil health bioindication metrics. First, we found that all sites sampled in Baltimore, MD exceed US governmental soil limits for As and Fe. Second, neither Plantago spp. hyperaccumulates any heavy metal in standard heavy metal screenings, though both species show signs of sequestration of some metals in their roots (i.e., phytoexclusion). Additionally, while native P. rugelii did not hyperaccumulate metals in this study, the relatively high translocation factor (TF or root: shoot) suggests it may have the capacity for it. We also found that soil microarthropod abundance was significantly greater in P. lanceolata rhizospheres (p < 0.05), but bioindication of soil health (acari: collembola) was dependent on a combination of plant species identity and contamination level. Lastly, we found that soil microarthropod diversity was significantly affected by Al and As concentration.
{"title":"Urban weedy plantains (Plantago spp.) do not hyperaccumulate heavy metals nor shelter their soil microarthropod communities from these metals","authors":"Eric G. Yee, Katalin Szlavecz, Meghan L. Avolio","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128632","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal hyperaccumulation by plants is a powerful tool in phytoremediation, where plants store heavy metals in large amounts in their aboveground tissue. Plant species in the <ce:italic>Plantago</ce:italic> genus exhibit this phenomenon, and their commonness in metropolitan centers around the world make them strong candidates for use in cities. Additionally, alteration of soil conditions by these plants can have cascading consequences on their soil microarthropod communities, which are strong bioindicators of soil health. To this end, we investigated the hyperaccumulation ability of two plantain species, <ce:italic>Plantago lanceolata</ce:italic> (non-native to North America) and <ce:italic>Plantago rugelii</ce:italic> (native to North America), and their soil microarthropod communities from field-collected specimens in Baltimore, MD, USA, which has an extensively documented legacy of heavy metal contamination. Notably, this is the first study to assess the influence of plant hyperaccumulation on soil microarthropod abundance and diversity using soil health bioindication metrics. First, we found that all sites sampled in Baltimore, MD exceed US governmental soil limits for As and Fe. Second, neither <ce:italic>Plantago</ce:italic> spp. hyperaccumulates any heavy metal in standard heavy metal screenings, though both species show signs of sequestration of some metals in their roots (i.e., phytoexclusion). Additionally, while native <ce:italic>P. rugelii</ce:italic> did not hyperaccumulate metals in this study, the relatively high translocation factor (TF or root: shoot) suggests it may have the capacity for it. We also found that soil microarthropod abundance was significantly greater in <ce:italic>P. lanceolata</ce:italic> rhizospheres (p < 0.05), but bioindication of soil health (acari: collembola) was dependent on a combination of plant species identity and contamination level. Lastly, we found that soil microarthropod diversity was significantly affected by Al and As concentration.","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban forests are important for effectively mitigating urban heat island (UHI) effects. However, thorough investigations into how the three-dimensional (3D) structures of urban forests influences urban thermal conditions collectively and individually are limited. In this study, voxel-based landscape indices were innovatively extracted from UAV LiDAR data, and high-precision land surface temperature (LST) data were obtained using thermal infrared sensors mounted on a UAV. These were combined with a random forest (RF) model to analyze the relative influences and marginal effects of urban forest three-dimensional (3D) structure on LST. Our results showed the following: (1) The voxel-based landscape index exhibits a stronger capability to interpret LST than both the 2D landscape index and the gradient-based landscape index, with significant enhancements in model accuracy across all dimensions (an increase in R of 0.17–0.25 and a decrease in RMSE by 0.39–1.59°C). (2) Considering the vertical stratification of tree canopies, which voxel-based landscape index has the greatest LST fitting precision (R = 0.75, RMSE = 3.11°C). Including the canopy's vertical layers in analyses is pivotal, with the upper canopy layers exerting the most significant influence on reducing LSTs. (3) The scale of the grid impacts the accuracy of LST fitting, showing a trend where accuracy increases and then decreases with increasing grid scale; at the 40-m scale, the landscape indices demonstrate their highest explanatory capacity for LST (2D landscape index R=0.43, RMSE=4.65°C; gradient-based landscape index R=0.56, RMSE=4.07°C; voxel-based landscape index R=0.68, RMSE=3.94°C; vertical stratification (VS) voxel-based landscape index R= 0.75, RMSE= 3.30°C.). (4) Volume, proportion of volume, surface area, and diversity represent the parameters that most significantly influence variations in LST. Notably, volume, proportion of volume, and surface area exhibit a significant negative correlation with temperature, whereas diversity displays a distinct positive correlation. For the whole canopy at the optimal scale of 40 m, a volume within 4200 m3, proportion of volume within 0.8, and a surface area within 18000 m2 are associated with a cooling effect. For the upper canopy, volume within 1200 m3, proportion of volume within 0.22, and surface area within 2000 m2 are associated with a cooling effect. This study unequivocally confirms the feasibility of using drones with LiDAR and thermal infrared sensors to analyze small-scale UHI issues. This approach is beneficial for describing the 3D structure of a forest and fitting surface temperature. Urban planners can utilize these findings in practical applications by prioritizing forest configurations with optimal 3D structures in their planning efforts to effectively mitigate UHI effects. This research provides groundbreaking methods and highly reliable data to significantly deepen our understanding of the mechanisms behind the UHI effect.
{"title":"Enhanced interpretation of green space surface for land surface temperature through a novel voxel-based landscape index from UAV LiDAR","authors":"Lv Zhou, Xuejian Li, Zihao Huang, Cheng Tan, Huaguo Huang, Huaqiang Du","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128623","url":null,"abstract":"Urban forests are important for effectively mitigating urban heat island (UHI) effects. However, thorough investigations into how the three-dimensional (3D) structures of urban forests influences urban thermal conditions collectively and individually are limited. In this study, voxel-based landscape indices were innovatively extracted from UAV LiDAR data, and high-precision land surface temperature (LST) data were obtained using thermal infrared sensors mounted on a UAV. These were combined with a random forest (RF) model to analyze the relative influences and marginal effects of urban forest three-dimensional (3D) structure on LST. Our results showed the following: (1) The voxel-based landscape index exhibits a stronger capability to interpret LST than both the 2D landscape index and the gradient-based landscape index, with significant enhancements in model accuracy across all dimensions (an increase in R of 0.17–0.25 and a decrease in RMSE by 0.39–1.59°C). (2) Considering the vertical stratification of tree canopies, which voxel-based landscape index has the greatest LST fitting precision (R = 0.75, RMSE = 3.11°C). Including the canopy's vertical layers in analyses is pivotal, with the upper canopy layers exerting the most significant influence on reducing LSTs. (3) The scale of the grid impacts the accuracy of LST fitting, showing a trend where accuracy increases and then decreases with increasing grid scale; at the 40-m scale, the landscape indices demonstrate their highest explanatory capacity for LST (2D landscape index R=0.43, RMSE=4.65°C; gradient-based landscape index R=0.56, RMSE=4.07°C; voxel-based landscape index R=0.68, RMSE=3.94°C; vertical stratification (VS) voxel-based landscape index R= 0.75, RMSE= 3.30°C.). (4) Volume, proportion of volume, surface area, and diversity represent the parameters that most significantly influence variations in LST. Notably, volume, proportion of volume, and surface area exhibit a significant negative correlation with temperature, whereas diversity displays a distinct positive correlation. For the whole canopy at the optimal scale of 40 m, a volume within 4200 m3, proportion of volume within 0.8, and a surface area within 18000 m2 are associated with a cooling effect. For the upper canopy, volume within 1200 m3, proportion of volume within 0.22, and surface area within 2000 m2 are associated with a cooling effect. This study unequivocally confirms the feasibility of using drones with LiDAR and thermal infrared sensors to analyze small-scale UHI issues. This approach is beneficial for describing the 3D structure of a forest and fitting surface temperature. Urban planners can utilize these findings in practical applications by prioritizing forest configurations with optimal 3D structures in their planning efforts to effectively mitigate UHI effects. This research provides groundbreaking methods and highly reliable data to significantly deepen our understanding of the mechanisms behind the UHI effect.","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128627
Lucrezia Laccetti, Léa Frachon, Luca Arrigo, Giovanni Scopece
Biotic and abiotic changes induced by urbanization can highly affect the ecology and evolution of plant species. Indeed, urban development can have a major impact on plant population genomics, reproductive success and phenotypic traits hence influencing the adaptive strategies and the ecological functions of plant species within ecosystems. Through a holistic study of the impact of urbanization on the genetic and ecological dynamics of a Mediterranean plant species, we shed light on the mechanisms driving plant responses to urban environments. By focusing on 15 populations of the Mediterranean cliff species Brassica incana distributed along an urbanization gradient, we first analyzed the potential drivers of among-population genomic differentiation using a landscape genomics approach. Then, we provided a comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay among ecological factors (climate, herbivore damage, pollinator community), reproductive (relative fruit set and seed-ovule ratio) and phenotypic (glucosinolate content, flower number) traits involved in the response of B. incana populations to urban pressures using complementary Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and correlative approaches. Our results show that urbanization reduces among-population connectivity by influencing the genomic differentiation among populations. Also, according to SEM analysis, urbanization showed direct and indirect (mediated by mean annual temperature) effects on both pollinator community and herbivory levels, and direct and indirect (mediated by honeybees and long-tongued bees) effects on plant reproductive success. Additionally, urban populations showed higher contents of a glucosinolate compound (glucobrassicin). Taken together, our findings suggest that urbanization can shape genomic differentiation, reproductive success and phenotypic variation. We showed that the impact of urbanization is rather complex and is likely mediated by the interplay between direct and indirect effects of abiotic and biotic conditions on B. incana. Overall, we documented how urban development can shape eco-evolutionary dynamics of a cliff species located in a densely inhabited Mediterranean area.
{"title":"Urbanization affects population connectivity, reproductive success and phenotypic traits in the Mediterranean cliff species Brassica incana (Brassicaceae)","authors":"Lucrezia Laccetti, Léa Frachon, Luca Arrigo, Giovanni Scopece","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128627","url":null,"abstract":"Biotic and abiotic changes induced by urbanization can highly affect the ecology and evolution of plant species. Indeed, urban development can have a major impact on plant population genomics, reproductive success and phenotypic traits hence influencing the adaptive strategies and the ecological functions of plant species within ecosystems. Through a holistic study of the impact of urbanization on the genetic and ecological dynamics of a Mediterranean plant species, we shed light on the mechanisms driving plant responses to urban environments. By focusing on 15 populations of the Mediterranean cliff species <ce:italic>Brassica incana</ce:italic> distributed along an urbanization gradient, we first analyzed the potential drivers of among-population genomic differentiation using a landscape genomics approach. Then, we provided a comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay among ecological factors (climate, herbivore damage, pollinator community), reproductive (relative fruit set and seed-ovule ratio) and phenotypic (glucosinolate content, flower number) traits involved in the response of <ce:italic>B. incana</ce:italic> populations to urban pressures using complementary Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and correlative approaches. Our results show that urbanization reduces among-population connectivity by influencing the genomic differentiation among populations. Also, according to SEM analysis, urbanization showed direct and indirect (mediated by mean annual temperature) effects on both pollinator community and herbivory levels, and direct and indirect (mediated by honeybees and long-tongued bees) effects on plant reproductive success. Additionally, urban populations showed higher contents of a glucosinolate compound (glucobrassicin). Taken together, our findings suggest that urbanization can shape genomic differentiation, reproductive success and phenotypic variation. We showed that the impact of urbanization is rather complex and is likely mediated by the interplay between direct and indirect effects of abiotic and biotic conditions on <ce:italic>B. incana</ce:italic>. Overall, we documented how urban development can shape eco-evolutionary dynamics of a cliff species located in a densely inhabited Mediterranean area.","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128624
Yu Liu, Qihao Weng
Building morphology profoundly impacts the microclimate, potentially affecting vegetation greening. However, the effects of 2D/3D building morphology on vegetation greening, especially the urban-rural disparities, remains understudied. In this study, we examined the effects of building morphology on vegetation greening in urban and rural areas in Hong Kong by employing a machine learning model. Vegetation greening trends were derived using the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) through the Theil-Sen median method and the Mann-Kendall (MK) test. Results indicated a prevalent greening from 2010 to 2020, with a slope of 0.0024, and more significant in rural. Statistically significant but low correlation existed between building morphology and vegetation greening. Their relationship exhibited notable urban-rural differences and non-monotonic nonlinearity, with 3D indexes showing a stronger impact than 2D indexes. Specifically, sky view factor (SVF) dominated in urban areas, contributing 23.60 %, while landscape shape index (LSI) was the key contributor in rural, accounting for 27.30 %. SVF, and mean building height (MBH) transitioned from negative to positive effects, whereas landscape patch index (LPI) and edge density (ED) shifted from positive to negative effects, each with distinct "turning points" in urban and rural. LSI’s impact showed a negative-positive-negative shift in urban and a negative-positive shift in rural. Building volume density (BVD) presented a positive to negative shift in urban and negative to positive shift in rural. The identified complicated relationship deepens our understanding of the drivers of vegetation greening in the built environment, informing the optimal building morphology threshold for efficient greening effect toward sustainable development.
{"title":"Impacts of 2D/3D building morphology on vegetation greening trends in Hong Kong: An urban-rural contrast perspective","authors":"Yu Liu, Qihao Weng","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128624","url":null,"abstract":"Building morphology profoundly impacts the microclimate, potentially affecting vegetation greening. However, the effects of 2D/3D building morphology on vegetation greening, especially the urban-rural disparities, remains understudied. In this study, we examined the effects of building morphology on vegetation greening in urban and rural areas in Hong Kong by employing a machine learning model. Vegetation greening trends were derived using the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) through the Theil-Sen median method and the Mann-Kendall (MK) test. Results indicated a prevalent greening from 2010 to 2020, with a slope of 0.0024, and more significant in rural. Statistically significant but low correlation existed between building morphology and vegetation greening. Their relationship exhibited notable urban-rural differences and non-monotonic nonlinearity, with 3D indexes showing a stronger impact than 2D indexes. Specifically, sky view factor (SVF) dominated in urban areas, contributing 23.60 %, while landscape shape index (LSI) was the key contributor in rural, accounting for 27.30 %. SVF, and mean building height (MBH) transitioned from negative to positive effects, whereas landscape patch index (LPI) and edge density (ED) shifted from positive to negative effects, each with distinct \"turning points\" in urban and rural. LSI’s impact showed a negative-positive-negative shift in urban and a negative-positive shift in rural. Building volume density (BVD) presented a positive to negative shift in urban and negative to positive shift in rural. The identified complicated relationship deepens our understanding of the drivers of vegetation greening in the built environment, informing the optimal building morphology threshold for efficient greening effect toward sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128625
Tytti P. Pasanen , Tarja Yli-Tuomi , Pekka Tiittanen , Timo Lanki
Noise is one of the greatest environmental health risks causing health issues via stress, deteriorated sleep, and annoyance. Noise annoyance is partially explained by measurable sound characteristics, and partially by other environmental, situational, and individual factors. Greenery might decrease noise annoyance via hiding the noise source, facilitating psycho-physiological restoration, and masking noise. However, whether greenery near home and some individual traits moderate the effect of road traffic noise on noise annoyance has been rarely assessed in everyday life. Using cross-sectional Environmental Health survey (n = 7321) collected at the Finnish capital region in 2015–16, we analysed the interactions between road traffic noise, green space, tree cover density, green view from home, noise sensitivity and nature relatedness on noise annoyance, using logistic regression modeling. Covariates included age, gender, socio-economic indicators, living floor, and the direction of windows. More green space and greater tree coverage around home were associated with lower odds of road traffic noise annoyance when road traffic noise was < 60 dB Lden but increasingly higher odds at higher noise levels. No other interactions were found. Green view was only tentatively associated with lower odds of noise annoyance. Noise sensitivity and nature relatedness were related to greater odds of noise annoyance. In conclusion, greenery might mitigate noise annoyance at low-to-moderate road traffic noise levels. At higher noise levels, greenery may even increase noise annoyance. This could be due to incongruency between expected and actualised soundscapes in greener areas. However, more studies, especially interventions, are needed to confirm this.
噪音是最大的环境健康风险之一，通过压力、睡眠恶化和烦恼导致健康问题。噪音烦恼部分由可测量的声音特性来解释，部分由其他环境、情境和个人因素来解释。绿化可以通过隐藏噪声源、促进心理生理恢复和遮蔽噪声来减少噪声烦恼。然而，在日常生活中，是否在家附近的绿化和一些个人特征会缓和道路交通噪音对噪音烦恼的影响，却很少得到评估。利用2015-16年在芬兰首都地区收集的横断面环境健康调查（n = 7321），我们使用逻辑回归模型分析了道路交通噪声、绿地、树木覆盖密度、家庭绿化景观、噪声敏感性和自然相关性对噪声干扰的相互作用。协变量包括年龄、性别、社会经济指标、居住楼层和窗户方向。当道路交通噪音为<； 60 dB Lden时，家庭周围更多的绿地和更大的树木覆盖率与道路交通噪音烦恼的几率较低相关，但在更高的噪音水平下，这种几率会越来越高。没有发现其他相互作用。绿色视野只是暂时与较低的噪音烦恼几率有关。噪音敏感性和自然相关性与噪音烦恼的可能性有关。综上所述，绿化可以减轻道路交通低至中等噪音水平下的噪音烦恼。在较高的噪音水平下，绿化甚至可能增加噪音烦恼。这可能是由于绿色地区的预期音景与实际音景之间的不一致。然而，需要更多的研究，特别是干预来证实这一点。
{"title":"More green, less annoying? The moderating effects of greenery near home, noise sensitivity, and nature relatedness on road traffic noise annoyance","authors":"Tytti P. Pasanen , Tarja Yli-Tuomi , Pekka Tiittanen , Timo Lanki","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Noise is one of the greatest environmental health risks causing health issues via stress, deteriorated sleep, and annoyance. Noise annoyance is partially explained by measurable sound characteristics, and partially by other environmental, situational, and individual factors. Greenery might decrease noise annoyance via hiding the noise source, facilitating psycho-physiological restoration, and masking noise. However, whether greenery near home and some individual traits moderate the effect of road traffic noise on noise annoyance has been rarely assessed in everyday life. Using cross-sectional Environmental Health survey (n = 7321) collected at the Finnish capital region in 2015–16, we analysed the interactions between road traffic noise, green space, tree cover density, green view from home, noise sensitivity and nature relatedness on noise annoyance, using logistic regression modeling. Covariates included age, gender, socio-economic indicators, living floor, and the direction of windows. More green space and greater tree coverage around home were associated with lower odds of road traffic noise annoyance when road traffic noise was < 60 dB L<sub>den</sub> but increasingly higher odds at higher noise levels. No other interactions were found. Green view was only tentatively associated with lower odds of noise annoyance. Noise sensitivity and nature relatedness were related to greater odds of noise annoyance. In conclusion, greenery might mitigate noise annoyance at low-to-moderate road traffic noise levels. At higher noise levels, greenery may even increase noise annoyance. This could be due to incongruency between expected and actualised soundscapes in greener areas. However, more studies, especially interventions, are needed to confirm this.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 128625"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128626
Michelle Stuhlmacher, Dajoin Williams, Chris Impellizeri, Winifred Curran
Areas of high tree canopy cover, especially connected tree canopy cover, provide habitat to support biodiversity and cooling to ameliorate the urban heat island effect. However, the nature-based solutions provided by trees are not distributed equally; land use contributes to this systematic inequality because the places where it is easiest to plant trees are often not where trees are needed most. To better understand the gaps and opportunities for tree planting across the urban landscape, we examine the distribution of tree canopy cover and connectivity by land use in 10 U.S. cities. We find that parks have the greatest tree canopy coverage followed by single-family residential areas, multi-family residential areas, and industrial land uses. On average, single-family neighborhoods had 8.5 % points more tree canopy coverage than multi-family neighborhoods, with gaps as high as 18.6 % points. Looking at the size of connected tree canopy, we find that residential land uses are home to more small contiguous tree canopy patches (>1 ha in area), while parks have more large contiguous tree canopy (>12 ha in area). We compare the contiguous tree canopy findings to tree planting policy in each city to examine the influence of intentional planning for tree connectivity, and close with policy-oriented implications of our results. Namely, we suggest: 1) closing the gap between single-family and multi-family tree canopy cover, 2) factoring connectivity into tree planting and preservation, and 3) taking a context-specific approach to increase tree cover in industrial areas in order to more equitably distribute the climate, ecological, and health benefits of trees.
{"title":"Bridging the land use gap: Examining tree canopy cover and connectivity by land use in 10 U.S. cities","authors":"Michelle Stuhlmacher, Dajoin Williams, Chris Impellizeri, Winifred Curran","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128626","url":null,"abstract":"Areas of high tree canopy cover, especially connected tree canopy cover, provide habitat to support biodiversity and cooling to ameliorate the urban heat island effect. However, the nature-based solutions provided by trees are not distributed equally; land use contributes to this systematic inequality because the places where it is easiest to plant trees are often not where trees are needed most. To better understand the gaps and opportunities for tree planting across the urban landscape, we examine the distribution of tree canopy cover and connectivity by land use in 10 U.S. cities. We find that parks have the greatest tree canopy coverage followed by single-family residential areas, multi-family residential areas, and industrial land uses. On average, single-family neighborhoods had 8.5 % points more tree canopy coverage than multi-family neighborhoods, with gaps as high as 18.6 % points. Looking at the size of connected tree canopy, we find that residential land uses are home to more small contiguous tree canopy patches (>1 ha in area), while parks have more large contiguous tree canopy (>12 ha in area). We compare the contiguous tree canopy findings to tree planting policy in each city to examine the influence of intentional planning for tree connectivity, and close with policy-oriented implications of our results. Namely, we suggest: 1) closing the gap between single-family and multi-family tree canopy cover, 2) factoring connectivity into tree planting and preservation, and 3) taking a context-specific approach to increase tree cover in industrial areas in order to more equitably distribute the climate, ecological, and health benefits of trees.","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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