Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology最新文献_第5页

Safety performance evaluation of tunnel with void behind lining using an artificial neural network 基于人工神经网络的衬砌后空隧道安全性能评价

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2026.107467

Guoshuai Wei , Xuepeng Zhang , Yujing Jiang , Ningbo Li , Bo Li , Zhenyu Xu

The presence of voids behind tunnel linings can have a substantial impact on the safety performance of the tunnel. An accurate and quick evaluation for the tunnel safety performance is of significant importance for the maintenance of the infrastructure. In the current study, the minimum relative safety coefficient is proposed to evaluate the safety performance of the lining, and an artificial neural network is applied to predict the safety performance of tunnel with void behind lining. Firstly, the numerical simulations verified by physical model tests were employed to examine how the void defects affect the safety performance of the lining. Key findings indicate that void defects instigate substantial alterations in the distribution of inner force. The dangerous points are primarily concentrated in the void and its vicinity or the arch foot. Furthermore, the numerical simulation test scheme is generated using an orthogonal test design, thereby avoiding the omission of extreme working conditions that pose a danger. Finally, an artificial neural network model is proposed to predict the safety performance based on the results of numerical simulation. Nine factors are considered as input variables including the location of void, the circumferential length of void, the radial length of void, the longitudinal length of void, the buried depth of tunnel, the lateral pressure coefficient, the surrounding rock class, the lining concrete class, and the deterioration degree of lining, while the minimum relative safety coefficient is considered as the output variable. The accuracy of the prediction model could reach up to 97.53%, illustrating its effectiveness of evaluating the safety performance of defected tunnels.

隧道衬砌后空洞的存在会对隧道的安全性能产生重大影响。准确、快速地评价隧道安全性能对基础设施的维护具有重要意义。本文采用最小相对安全系数来评价衬砌的安全性能，并应用人工神经网络对衬砌后空隧道的安全性能进行预测。首先，采用物理模型试验验证的数值模拟方法，研究了孔洞缺陷对衬砌安全性能的影响。关键发现表明，空洞缺陷引起内力分布的实质性改变。危险点主要集中在空洞及其附近或拱脚。另外，数值模拟试验方案采用正交试验设计生成，避免了对具有危险的极端工况的遗漏。最后，在数值模拟结果的基础上，提出了人工神经网络模型对安全性能进行预测。将孔洞位置、孔洞周向长度、孔洞径向长度、孔洞纵向长度、隧道埋深、侧压力系数、围岩等级、衬砌混凝土等级、衬砌劣化程度9个因素作为输入变量，将最小相对安全系数作为输出变量。该预测模型的预测精度可达97.53%，说明了该模型对缺陷隧道安全性能评价的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

3D response analysis of tunnels in layered media subjected to asynchronous ground motions using MLM-DRM 基于MLM-DRM的层状介质隧道在异步地震动作用下的三维响应分析

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2026.107470

Bhavesh Banjare, Goudappa Ramanagouda Dodagoudar

Underground tunnels are crucial parts of modern urban infrastructure and are used for a wide range of applications worldwide. Tunnels situated in layered soil media respond differently to seismic loads compared to surface structures. Historically, earthquakes have caused major damage to tunnels, including cracks in the lining, joint separation, leaks, and even collapse. Most previous studies have focused on the plane strain response of tunnels. However, these 2D analyses cannot explain the 3D deformation patterns seen in tunnels near earthquake faults or scenarios where the properties of the tunnel/soil, or the seismic wavefield, vary along the tunnel axis. Factors such as wave passage effects, layered geology, and fault inclinations greatly impact the dynamic response of tunnels during earthquakes. To address these issues, a more accurate and robust approach involving asynchronous excitation is necessary to account for the spatial variability of seismic forces. A Multi-Layer Modified Domain Reduced Method (MLM-DRM) is extended in this study, which reduces computational time and cost while maintaining high modeling accuracy. Three tunnel cross-sections at different locations in layered media are analyzed to show how variations in geometric and geotechnical parameters affect seismic performance. The von Mises stress distribution around the tunnel circumference is examined at various time steps to observe transient stress evolution. Response spectra are evaluated at different locations of tunnel circumference. The results highlight the significance of geological stratification, spatial wave propagation, and fault inclination in determining tunnel behavior under seismic loads, providing essential insights for advancing seismic design practices that enhance tunnel resilience, operational safety, and serviceability during and after earthquakes.

地下隧道是现代城市基础设施的重要组成部分，在世界范围内有着广泛的应用。与地面结构相比，位于层状土介质中的隧道对地震荷载的响应不同。从历史上看，地震对隧道造成了重大破坏，包括衬砌裂缝，接缝分离，泄漏，甚至倒塌。以往的研究大多集中在隧道的平面应变响应上。然而，这些二维分析不能解释在地震断层附近的隧道中看到的三维变形模式，也不能解释隧道/土壤性质或地震波场沿隧道轴线变化的情况。波通道效应、层状地质和断层倾角等因素对隧道地震动力响应有很大影响。为了解决这些问题，需要一种涉及异步激励的更准确和稳健的方法来解释地震力的空间变异性。本文扩展了一种多层修正域约简方法（MLM-DRM），减少了计算时间和成本，同时保持了较高的建模精度。分析了层状介质中不同位置的三个隧道截面，以显示几何和岩土参数的变化如何影响抗震性能。在不同的时间步长下检测了隧道周长周围的von Mises应力分布，以观察瞬态应力演化。计算了隧道周长不同位置的响应谱。研究结果强调了地质分层、空间波传播和断层倾角在地震荷载下决定隧道行为的重要性，为推进地震设计实践提供了重要见解，从而提高隧道在地震期间和地震后的弹性、运行安全性和可维护性。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanical performance and damage characteristics of segmental joints in semi-rigid element immersed tunnel under bending deformation: A combined experimental and numerical study 弯曲变形下半刚性单元沉管隧道分段节理力学性能及损伤特征：试验与数值结合研究

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2025.107427

Zhinan Hu , Yuejian Wang , Shaobo Qin , Shunde Yin , Haiyang Pan , Kaimeng Ma

The mechanical performance of segmental joints in semi-rigid element immersed tunnels is influenced significantly by differential settlement. The mechanical behaviors and failure mechanisms of segmental joints under longitudinal differential settlement were investigated in this study. The validity of the numerical simulation methods was verified through 1:10 scale physical model tests. Subsequently, a full-scale segmental joint model of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) immersed tunnel was established. Systematic analyses of the mechanical responses, damage evolution, and sensitive damage zones were conducted. Based on the observations, an optimized design scheme was proposed. It provides theoretical and technical support for structural health monitoring and optimization. The results indicate that the bending resistance of semi-rigid element segment joints is provided primarily by the prestressed cables on the open side. As the rotation angle increases, the rotation center moves upward, and the contact stress concentrates on the top plate. The shear force of the shear keys first decreases and then increases. This is related to their mechanical performance. Shear keys function mainly in shear rather than bending. Tensile and compressive damage concentration zones oriented at 45° form near the shear keys in both middle-wall and side-walls of the segments. The tensile damage at the side-wall shear keys occurs earlier. At 0.004 rad, tensile damage is observed at the middle-wall shear keys (also oriented at 45°). Based on the damage characteristics of the segmental joint, an optimized design scheme using high ductility concrete (HDC) for vertical shear keys was proposed. After optimization, the toughness of the shear keys was enhanced significantly, and the plastic damage was delayed effectively.

半刚性单元沉管隧道分段节理的力学性能受不均匀沉降的显著影响。研究了纵向差异沉降作用下节理的力学行为和破坏机制。通过1:10比例物理模型试验验证了数值模拟方法的有效性。随后，建立了港珠澳大桥沉管隧道全尺寸节理模型。对结构的力学响应、损伤演化和损伤敏感区进行了系统分析。在此基础上，提出了优化设计方案。为结构健康监测和优化提供理论和技术支持。结果表明：半刚性单元节段节点的抗弯能力主要由开口侧预应力索提供；随着旋转角度的增大，旋转中心向上移动，接触应力集中在顶板上。剪切键的剪切力先减小后增大。这与它们的机械性能有关。剪切键的作用主要是剪切而不是弯曲。在中、侧壁剪切键附近均形成45°方向的拉压损伤集中区。侧壁剪力键处的拉伸损伤发生较早。在0.004 rad时，在中壁剪切键处观察到拉伸损伤（同样方向为45°）。根据节理节点的损伤特点，提出了采用高延性混凝土（HDC）进行竖向剪力键优化设计的方案。优化后，剪切键的韧性得到显著提高，塑性损伤得到有效延缓。

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引用次数: 0

Principle analysis and device development of a novel technology for preventing lockset failure and cable bolt ejection 一种防止锁套失效和电缆螺栓弹射新技术的原理分析和装置研制

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2025.107384

Housheng Jia , Zhiming Zhang , Yanxi Gao , Mengxiong Fu , Guoying Wang , Chao Li , Bo Peng , Wenyuan Jiang

To address the failure of cable bolt locksets under frequent surrounding rock vibrations, this study focuses on the mining roadway with rock burst hazards in the B2 coal seam of the Kuangou Coal Mine. A surrounding rock vibration simulation device (SRVS) was developed through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, laboratory testing, and field experiments. The SRVS was used to investigate mechanisms of cable bolt lockset failure. A novel technology for preventing lockset failure and cable bolt ejection was proposed, and the operational principle of this technology was analyzed. The study identifies frequent low-energy vibrations as the root cause of the progressive loosening and eventual failure of locksets, with there being a positive linear correlation between the vibration frequency and lockset failure rate. Introducing a small anti-retreat force below the lockset improves its locking performance. For instance, applying a 100 N anti-retreat force increases the lockset’s failure thrust by 152 kN—a 48 % improvement. Based on these findings, an integrated device for preventing lockset failure and cable bolt ejection (DPFE), primarily comprising an anti-retreat device and anti-eject structure, was developed. The device applies an anti-retreat force to the lockset while increasing the outer diameter of the cable bolt below the lockset, further preventing the lockset from loosening, greatly improving the locking force of the lockset, preventing the lockset from failing, and preventing the broken cable bolt from ejecting. Engineering comparative tests conducted on the mining roadway of the I010206 working face in the B2 coal seam of the Kuangou Coal Mine showed that 17 % of cable bolts without the DPFE experienced lockset slippage or drop. In contrast, bolts equipped with the DPFE showed no signs of lockset failure throughout the mining process.

为解决围岩频繁振动作用下锚杆锁组失效问题，以宽沟煤矿B2煤层具有冲击地压危险的开采巷道为研究对象。通过理论分析、数值模拟、室内试验和现场试验，研制了围岩振动模拟装置。采用SRVS研究了锚杆锁组失效机理。提出了一种防止锁套失效和电缆螺栓弹射的新技术，并分析了该技术的工作原理。研究发现，频繁的低能量振动是锁组逐渐松动和最终失效的根本原因，振动频率与锁组故障率之间存在正线性相关关系。在锁具下方增加一个小的防后退力，提高了锁具的性能。例如，施加100牛的反撤退力会使锁组的失败推力增加152牛-提高48%。基于这些发现，开发了一种防止锁套失效和电缆螺栓弹射的集成装置（DPFE），主要包括防后退装置和防弹射结构。该装置在增大锁套下方电缆螺栓外径的同时，对锁套施加防后退力，进一步防止锁套松动，大大提高了锁套的锁紧力，防止了锁套失效，防止了断缆螺栓弹射。对宽沟煤矿B2煤层I010206工作面回采巷道进行的工程对比试验表明，未加DPFE的锚杆有17%出现锁套滑移或下降现象。相比之下，安装了DPFE的螺栓在整个开采过程中没有出现锁紧失效的迹象。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation into the stress corrosion behavior of cable bolts under different tensile stresses 不同拉应力作用下锚杆的应力腐蚀行为研究

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2026.107452

Yongliang Li , Sheng Zhang , Renshu Yang , Shuaiyang Shi

Cable bolts are essential support materials in underground engineering. While subjected to long-term tensile stress, they are also exposed to harsh corrosive environments. The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) failure problem of cable bolts, caused by the coupling effect of stress and corrosion, is prominent and seriously threatens the safety and stability of underground engineering. To investigate the effect of different tensile stresses on the stress corrosion behavior of cable bolts, stress corrosion tests of cable bolts under different tensile stresses were carried out by using ammonium thiocyanate corrosion solution (NH₄SCN). The variation law of cable bolt SCC failure time was studied, and the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of cable bolt SCC fracture surface were analyzed. The propagation laws of SCC cracks in cable bolts were obtained, and the influence mechanism of tensile stress on the stress corrosion behavior of cable bolts was revealed. The results indicate that an increase in tensile stress accelerates the SCC process of the cable bolt, and the failure time of the cable bolt SCC is negatively correlated with the stress level. As the stress increases, the range of the crack propagation zone decreases while the range of the overload fracture zone increases, and the crack deflection angle decreases. There are significant differences in the microscopic morphology of the crack initiation zone, crack propagation zone, and overload fracture zone of the cable bolt fracture under different tensile stresses. Tensile stress affects the initiation and propagation of stress corrosion cracks by affecting the passive film and microstructure of the cable bolt, stress intensity factor at the crack tip, diffusion and aggregation of hydrogen atoms in the solution. The greater the tensile stress, the higher the risk of SCC failure of the cable bolt.

锚杆是地下工程中必不可少的支护材料。在经受长期拉伸应力的同时，它们还暴露在恶劣的腐蚀环境中。由于应力与腐蚀的耦合作用，锚杆的应力腐蚀开裂破坏问题十分突出，严重威胁着地下工程的安全与稳定。为研究不同拉应力对电缆螺栓应力腐蚀行为的影响，采用硫氰酸铵腐蚀溶液（NH4SCN）对不同拉应力下的电缆螺栓进行了应力腐蚀试验。研究了锚杆SCC破坏时间的变化规律，分析了锚杆SCC断裂面的宏观和微观特征。获得了锚杆SCC裂纹的扩展规律，揭示了拉应力对锚杆应力腐蚀行为的影响机理。结果表明：拉应力的增大加速了锚杆自裂过程，锚杆自裂破坏时间与应力水平呈负相关；随着应力的增大，裂纹扩展区范围减小，过载断裂区范围增大，裂纹挠度减小。不同拉应力作用下锚杆断裂的裂纹起裂区、裂纹扩展区和过载断裂带的微观形貌存在显著差异。拉应力通过影响锚杆的钝化膜和组织、裂纹尖端的应力强度因子、溶液中氢原子的扩散和聚集等因素影响应力腐蚀裂纹的萌生和扩展。拉应力越大，锚杆SCC破坏风险越高。

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引用次数: 0

Muck particle transport behavior and Cutterhead-Agitator synergistic optimization for EPB shield tunneling in sandy pebble strata 砂卵石地层EPB盾构隧道泥粒输运特性及刀-搅拌器协同优化

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2026.107473

Yuxiang Yao, Jian Cui, Zhigang Yao, Xiongyu Hu, Yong Fang, Chuan He

Sandy pebble strata, characterized by high pebble content, high uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of pebbles, poorly-sorted grain size distribution, and low flowability, often induce muck accumulation, cutterhead clogging, and chamber caking during earth pressure balance (EPB) shield tunneling, thereby reducing construction efficiency and compromising safety. Existing studies, predominantly relying on macroscopic indicators, often fail to elucidate the mesoscopic particle transport behaviors and the synergistic mechanism of the cutterhead-agitator system. This study develops a full-scale, three-dimensional finite difference method-discrete element method (FDM–DEM) coupled model to simulate particle transport within the cutterhead and soil chamber, to systematically reveal the transport mechanisms and guide equipment optimization. Results indicate that: (1) the soil chamber exhibits a “core–ring” dual-flow structure, characterized by a low-velocity “dead-zone column” at the center and a high-velocity annular channel at the periphery, attributed to the limited opening ratio in the central area and insufficient agitator coverage; (2) a “barrier–channel–dead-zone column” triple-control mechanism is proposed to explain the constraints imposed by energy barriers, geometric confinement, and cascade migration on particle transport; and (3) a synergistic optimization strategy is proposed, which includes increasing the opening ratio in the cutterhead’s central region, installing vertical agitators at the chamber center, and relocating the inner-ring agitator to R = 1.8 m. These findings provide significant theoretical insights for understanding muck transport behaviors and optimizing EPB shield design in sandy pebble strata.

砂质卵石地层具有含砾量大、卵石单轴抗压强度高、粒度分布分选差、流动性低等特点，在土压平衡盾构施工过程中，易出现堆渣、刀盘堵塞、硐室结块等现象，降低施工效率，危害安全。现有的研究主要依靠宏观指标，往往不能阐明刀盘-搅拌系统的介观颗粒输运行为和协同机制。本研究建立了全尺寸三维有限差分法-离散元法（FDM-DEM）耦合模型，模拟刀盘和土腔内颗粒输运，系统揭示输运机理，指导设备优化。结果表明：(1)由于中部开孔比有限和搅拌器覆盖面积不足，土室呈现出中心为低速“死区柱”、外围为高速环形通道的“核心-环”双流结构；(2)提出了“障碍-通道-死区柱”三重控制机制，解释了能量障碍、几何约束和级联迁移对粒子输运的约束；(3)提出了在刀盘中心区域加大开度比、在腔室中心安装立式搅拌器、将内环搅拌器移至R = 1.8 m的协同优化策略。这些发现为理解砂卵石地层中泥质运移行为和优化EPB盾构设计提供了重要的理论见解。

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引用次数: 0

Operational safety assessment of cracked tunnel linings reinforced with polypropylene fiber: investigation, field validation and numerical simulation 聚丙烯纤维加固隧道裂缝衬砌运行安全性评价：调查、现场验证和数值模拟

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2025.107426

Luoyin Li , Xinrong Liu , Ninghui Liang , Ganwen Hu , Kan Zhou , Xiaohan Zhou

Crack control is essential for ensuring the safety and durability of lining structures during tunnel operation. This study investigates the effectiveness of polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete (PFRC) as a superior alternative to ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPC) for rehabilitating deteriorated linings. Through a combination of field investigations and numerical modeling, a comparative analysis of the mechanical properties and structural performance of OPC and PFRC linings was conducted. The results demonstrated that the secondary lining concrete strength in sections with severe tunnel deterioration fell below the required standards, classifying the lining safety level as Grade III, which necessitates urgent replacement. The incorporation of polypropylene fibers significantly enhances the load-bearing capacity and crack resistance of tunnel linings. Numerical simulations of cracked linings revealed that the stress intensity factor increases, and the stability safety factor decreases with increasing crack depth and width. Crack location and depth exerted a more pronounced influence on structural stability than crack width. Across all crack scenarios, PFRC consistently exhibited a higher safety factor than OPC, attributed to the fibre’s ability to mitigate stress concentration at crack tips. This research confirms the innovative application of PFRC in tunnel rehabilitation, providing a theoretical basis and practical strategy for improving crack resistance and long-term stability.

隧道施工过程中，裂缝控制是保证衬砌结构安全和耐久性的关键。本研究探讨聚丙烯纤维增强混凝土（PFRC）作为普通波特兰水泥混凝土（OPC）修复老化衬里的优越替代品的有效性。通过现场调查和数值模拟相结合的方法，对OPC和PFRC衬砌的力学性能和结构性能进行了对比分析。结果表明，隧道严重劣化路段二次衬砌混凝土强度低于要求标准，衬砌安全等级为III级，需要紧急更换。聚丙烯纤维的掺入显著提高了隧道衬砌的承载能力和抗裂能力。裂纹衬砌的数值模拟结果表明，随着裂纹深度和宽度的增加，衬砌的应力强度系数增大，稳定安全系数减小。裂缝位置和深度对结构稳定性的影响比裂缝宽度更显著。在所有裂缝情况下，PFRC始终表现出比OPC更高的安全系数，这归因于纤维能够减轻裂缝尖端的应力集中。本研究证实了PFRC在隧道修复中的创新应用，为提高隧道抗裂性和长期稳定性提供了理论依据和实践策略。

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引用次数: 0

Calculation and prediction of CO2 concentrations inside a ventilation gallery of Madrid Calle 30 urban tunnels 马德里Calle 30城市隧道通风廊内CO2浓度的计算与预测

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2025.107423

Lucía López-de Abajo, Marcos G. Alberti, Jaime C. Gálvez

Urban tunnels are exposed to high CO₂ concentrations, which can lead to concrete carbonation and considerably reduce the life span of the infrastructure. Carbonation prediction models are powerful tools to forecast the evolution of this phenomenon, with CO₂ concentration as a key input parameter. In this work, CO₂ concentrations inside a ventilation gallery of the Madrid Calle 30 urban tunnels were calculated since their construction in 2007 based on the evolution of the measured traffic intensity inside the tunnels and the evolution of the circulating fleet. A forecast of CO₂ concentrations until 2057 was also performed, considering the evolution of traffic in the area. Regarding the circulating fleet, two different scenarios were studied: one based on the evolution analysed from 2007 to 2022, and another accounting for measures to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. It was concluded that CO₂ concentrations inside an urban tunnel can be calculated and forecasted from traffic intensity data and the composition of its circulating fleet. Also, the methodology presented can be used and adapted to calculate CO₂ concentrations in other urban tunnels for concrete carbonation analysis.

城市隧道暴露在高浓度的二氧化碳中，这可能导致混凝土碳化，并大大减少基础设施的寿命。以CO2浓度为关键输入参数的碳酸化预测模型是预测这一现象演变的有力工具。在这项工作中，根据隧道内测量的交通强度的演变和循环车队的演变，计算了马德里Calle 30城市隧道通风廊内的二氧化碳浓度。考虑到该地区交通的演变，还对2057年前的二氧化碳浓度进行了预测。关于循环船队，研究了两种不同的情景：一种是基于2007年至2022年的演变分析，另一种是考虑到2050年实现气候中和的措施。结果表明，城市隧道内CO2浓度可以通过交通强度数据和其循环车队组成进行计算和预测。此外，所提出的方法也可用于计算其他城市隧道的二氧化碳浓度，用于混凝土碳化分析。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic response of an underwater single-tube double-track tunnel under high-speed train loads: experimental and numerical investigation 高速列车荷载作用下水下单管双线隧道动力响应：试验与数值研究

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2025.107425

Zhi Ding , Chaofeng Chen , Yang Chen , Honglei Sun , Hai Xia , Zhenhua Chen , Xiao Zhang

The single-tube double-track underwater tunnel has gained prominence in recent years due to its practicality. Given the unique structural configuration, systematic investigation into the dynamic responses of this type of tunnels under train loads holds substantial practical value. This study adopts a technical route combining physical model testing and numerical simulation, conducting systematic research on the coupled scenario of “high water pressure–high-speed train load–large-diameter tunnel–single-tube double-track”. Peak particle acceleration (PPA) and frequency response function (FRF) were employed as key indicators to evaluate dynamic behavior. The results indicated that higher train speeds elevated the intensity of dynamic response magnitude along the segments, while the overall shape of the envelope remained consistent. Additionally, key response quantities (e.g., PPA and excess PWP) in the surrounding soil increased with train speed, showing nonlinear variation characteristics, with higher values observed in the upper and lower zones. While initial saturation amplified the dynamic response compared to dry conditions, both the peak acceleration and displacement were suppressed as hydrostatic water pressure increased. The similar suppressive effect was observed in the excess PWP response (whether overall magnitude or oscillations induced by train loads) of soil, possibly due to the additional lateral constraint effects. Compared to unidirectional loading, bidirectional loading notably increased the peak acceleration response and fluctuation amplitude of internal forces in the tunnel structure as well as the excess PWP response in the surrounding soil, while the magnitudes of these increases varied across different locations. Meanwhile, stress and strain responses in the surrounding soil concentrated primarily above and below the tunnel during the meeting of train crossings. The findings of this study provide insights for the construction and design of single-tube double-track underwater tunnel.

近年来，单管双轨水下隧道因其实用性而备受关注。由于其独特的结构形式，系统研究列车荷载作用下该类隧道的动力响应具有重要的实用价值。本研究采用物理模型试验与数值模拟相结合的技术路线，对“高水压-高铁-大直径隧道-单管双轨”耦合场景进行了系统研究。采用峰值粒子加速度（PPA）和频率响应函数（FRF）作为评价动态行为的关键指标。结果表明，列车运行速度越快，动力响应强度越高，而包络线的整体形状保持不变。此外，周边土壤关键响应量（如PPA和过剩PWP）随列车速度的增加而增加，呈现非线性变化特征，上下区域均较高。与干燥条件相比，初始饱和放大了动态响应，但随着静水压力的增加，峰值加速度和位移均受到抑制。类似的抑制效应在土壤的过量PWP响应（无论是总体幅度还是由火车负载引起的振荡）中被观察到，可能是由于额外的横向约束效应。与单向加载相比，双向加载显著增加了隧道结构的峰值加速度响应、内力波动幅值以及周围土体的超PWP响应，但不同位置的增加幅度有所不同。同时，列车道口交汇时，隧道周围土体的应力应变响应主要集中在隧道上方和下方。研究结果为单管双轨水下隧道的施工设计提供了参考。

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引用次数: 0

Development of a predictive, risk-based model to assess the effects of maintenance decisions on vertical mine shaft structures 开发基于风险的预测模型，以评估维护决策对垂直矿井结构的影响

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2026.107481

J.W. Wannenburg, G.N. Ngcobo, J Wannenburg, P.S. Heyns

Purpose

The study addresses the challenge of effective long-term maintenance of the structures of vertical mine shafts. These structures face significant degradation over time due to corrosion, the impact of falling objects, and exposure to harsh environments with high humidity, chemical contamination, and poor ventilation. Current maintenance practices often prioritise short-term needs, neglecting the long-term consequences for structural integrity and operational sustainability. To bridge this gap, the research introduces a novel predictive risk-based maintenance decision-making model.

Design/methodology/approach

The model incorporates finite element analysis and Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the failure modes caused by corrosion, fatigue and falling objects while accounting for uncertainties in degradation rates and impact probabilities. The analysis calculates the energy of falling objects and estimates corrosion rates based on environmental conditions, enabling accurate predictions of the remaining useful life (RUL) of critical steel components. This is combined with an Integrated Structural Inspection and Maintenance Management (iSIMM) system, which combines structural inspection data with Computerised Maintenance Management Systems (CMMS).

Originality/value

This model enables informed decision-making, enhancing safety, reliability, and cost-efficiency in mining operations. The research’s novelty lies in the integration of predictive and risk-based maintenance strategies, offering new insights into managing mine shaft structural integrity whilst integrating quantitative FEA-derived damage models (for impact) with stochastic, inspection-driven lifecycle simulation as a key methodological that enables the transition from qualitative inspection to predictive, risk-informed planning.

Findings

The model is used in a case study of a South African gold mine and demonstrates the practical application, showcasing its ability to optimise maintenance planning, reduce life cycle costs, and extend the lifespan of mine shafts, and to quantify the cost-risk trade-off between different multi-year maintenance strategies, a decision-support feature often missing in practice.

目的研究垂直矿井结构的长期有效维护问题。随着时间的推移，由于腐蚀、坠落物体的影响、暴露在高湿度、化学污染和通风不良的恶劣环境中，这些结构会面临严重的退化。目前的维护实践往往优先考虑短期需求，而忽视了结构完整性和操作可持续性的长期后果。为了弥补这一差距，研究引入了一种新的基于预测风险的维修决策模型。该模型结合了有限元分析和蒙特卡罗模拟，以评估由腐蚀、疲劳和坠落物体引起的失效模式，同时考虑到降解率和冲击概率的不确定性。该分析计算了坠落物体的能量，并根据环境条件估计了腐蚀速率，从而能够准确预测关键钢部件的剩余使用寿命（RUL）。这与综合结构检查和维护管理（iSIMM）系统相结合，该系统将结构检查数据与计算机维护管理系统（CMMS）相结合。原创性/价值该模型可实现明智的决策，提高采矿作业的安全性、可靠性和成本效益。该研究的新颖之处在于将预测和基于风险的维护策略相结合，为管理矿井结构完整性提供了新的见解，同时将定量有限元导出的损伤模型（用于影响）与随机、检查驱动的生命周期模拟相结合，作为一种关键方法，实现了从定性检查到预测、风险知情规划的过渡。该模型用于南非金矿的案例研究，并演示了实际应用，展示了其优化维护计划、降低生命周期成本和延长矿井寿命的能力，以及量化不同多年维护策略之间的成本风险权衡的能力，这是实践中经常缺少的决策支持特征。

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