Pub Date : 2019-05-05DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2019.1608403
I. Beveridge
ABSTRACT Four new species of strongyloid nematodes belonging to the genus Cloacina von Linstow, 1898 parasitic in macropodid marsupials are described and a poorly known species is redescribed from new material. Cloacina elegans Johnston & Mawson, 1938 is redescribed from the black-flanked rock wallaby, Petrogale lateralis Gould, from central Australia. Cloacina hylas sp. nov. from the stomach of the black-stripe wallaby, Notamacropus dorsalis (Gray), differs from congeners in lacking ornamented lobes surrounding the stoma, in the shape of the cephalic papillae, the presence of oesophageal bosses but the lack of oesophageal denticles. Cloacina idas sp. nov. from the stomach of Godman’s rock wallaby, Petrogale godmani Thomas, differs from congeners in possessing a very slender oesophagus, eight leaf crown elements and the deirid in the anterior oesophageal region. Cloacina schultzi sp. nov. from the stomach of the yellow-footed rock wallaby, Petrogale xanthopus Gray, differs in possessing a sub-cylindrical oesophagus, a shallow buccal capsule and lip-like inflations of the leaf crown elements while Cloacina zetes sp. nov. from the stomach of the Western Australian tammar wallaby, Notamacropus eugenii (Desmarest), differs from all congeners in the shape of the leaf crown elements.
{"title":"New species and a redescription of species of Cloacina von Linstow, 1898 (Nematoda: Strongyloidea) parasitic in macropodid marsupials","authors":"I. Beveridge","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2019.1608403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2019.1608403","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Four new species of strongyloid nematodes belonging to the genus Cloacina von Linstow, 1898 parasitic in macropodid marsupials are described and a poorly known species is redescribed from new material. Cloacina elegans Johnston & Mawson, 1938 is redescribed from the black-flanked rock wallaby, Petrogale lateralis Gould, from central Australia. Cloacina hylas sp. nov. from the stomach of the black-stripe wallaby, Notamacropus dorsalis (Gray), differs from congeners in lacking ornamented lobes surrounding the stoma, in the shape of the cephalic papillae, the presence of oesophageal bosses but the lack of oesophageal denticles. Cloacina idas sp. nov. from the stomach of Godman’s rock wallaby, Petrogale godmani Thomas, differs from congeners in possessing a very slender oesophagus, eight leaf crown elements and the deirid in the anterior oesophageal region. Cloacina schultzi sp. nov. from the stomach of the yellow-footed rock wallaby, Petrogale xanthopus Gray, differs in possessing a sub-cylindrical oesophagus, a shallow buccal capsule and lip-like inflations of the leaf crown elements while Cloacina zetes sp. nov. from the stomach of the Western Australian tammar wallaby, Notamacropus eugenii (Desmarest), differs from all congeners in the shape of the leaf crown elements.","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73669814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-13DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2019.1602244
T. Rich, P. F. Lawson, P. Vickers-Rich, R. H. Tedford
ABSTRACT Beginning in 1953, under the inspired leadership of R.A. Stirton, in just over one decade, a systematic program to discover new fossil sites and specimens of Australian terrestrial mammals, dramatically increased the knowledge of their Neogene history on this continent. At the beginning of this program, only a single incomplete skeleton and a handful of isolated teeth of terrestrial mammals were known from three sites. When Stirton died in 1966, nine additional Neogene terrestrial mammal sites had been found and dozens of new species of mammals had been recognized, and in many cases published on – all the result of Stirton’s foresight and determination.
{"title":"R. A. Stirton: pioneer of Australian mammalian palaeontology","authors":"T. Rich, P. F. Lawson, P. Vickers-Rich, R. H. Tedford","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2019.1602244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2019.1602244","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Beginning in 1953, under the inspired leadership of R.A. Stirton, in just over one decade, a systematic program to discover new fossil sites and specimens of Australian terrestrial mammals, dramatically increased the knowledge of their Neogene history on this continent. At the beginning of this program, only a single incomplete skeleton and a handful of isolated teeth of terrestrial mammals were known from three sites. When Stirton died in 1966, nine additional Neogene terrestrial mammal sites had been found and dozens of new species of mammals had been recognized, and in many cases published on – all the result of Stirton’s foresight and determination.","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85912427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-25DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2019.1595946
G. Norval, K. Ross, R. Sharrad, M. Gardner
ABSTRACT Parasitism is a very common life strategy and although it results in harm to the host, it plays a vital ecological role in host population and community dynamics. The sleepy lizard, Tiliqua rugosa, is one of the best studied lizard species in Australia, to a large extent due to studies involving ticks that infest these lizards. In spite of this, little is known about most of the parasites that are known to infect sleepy lizards. The purpose of this review is to provide a synopsis of the species that have been reported as parasites of T. rugosa as a foundation for future studies.
{"title":"Taking stock: a review of the known parasites of the sleepy lizard, Tiliqua rugosa (Gray, 1825), a common lizard endemic to Australia","authors":"G. Norval, K. Ross, R. Sharrad, M. Gardner","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2019.1595946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2019.1595946","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Parasitism is a very common life strategy and although it results in harm to the host, it plays a vital ecological role in host population and community dynamics. The sleepy lizard, Tiliqua rugosa, is one of the best studied lizard species in Australia, to a large extent due to studies involving ticks that infest these lizards. In spite of this, little is known about most of the parasites that are known to infect sleepy lizards. The purpose of this review is to provide a synopsis of the species that have been reported as parasites of T. rugosa as a foundation for future studies.","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85555577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-27DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2019.1583306
I. Beveridge
ABSTRACT Filarinema chiltoni sp. nov. is described from the pyloric stomach of the western scrub wallaby or black-glove wallaby, Notamacropus irma (Jourdan) from Western Australia. The new species differs from most congeners in possessing two rather than three branches of the distal spicule, and from the few species that possess two spicular branches, in the morphology of the spicules and the inflation of the cuticle on the right side of the body.
{"title":"A new species of Filarinema Mönnig, 1929 (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) parasitic in the stomach of the western scrub wallaby, Notamacropus irma (Jourdan), in Western Australia","authors":"I. Beveridge","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2019.1583306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2019.1583306","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Filarinema chiltoni sp. nov. is described from the pyloric stomach of the western scrub wallaby or black-glove wallaby, Notamacropus irma (Jourdan) from Western Australia. The new species differs from most congeners in possessing two rather than three branches of the distal spicule, and from the few species that possess two spicular branches, in the morphology of the spicules and the inflation of the cuticle on the right side of the body.","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74193797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2018.1557994
N. Souter
ABSTRACT River red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) is the dominant floodplain tree of the River Murray in south-eastern Australia. Drought and over-allocation of water have seen tree condition decline and environmental water is being used to aid recovery. An eight-variable visual assessment method is widely used to assess river red gum condition. These variables have been combined into a single aggregated index, the Red gum Condition Index (RCI), which comprises the Crown Condition sub-index (CCsi), which contributes 60% of the final score and assesses the amount of foliage in the tree crown; and the Secondary Variable sub-index (SVsi) which contributes 40% of the final score and aggregates measures of new tip growth, epicormic growth, reproduction, leaf die-off, mistletoe and bark condition. Relationships between variables define six condition categories. The R software package RCI calculates the RCI and provides quantitative and graphical outputs. Applied to two sites in South Australia, the RCI detected changes in tree condition attributable to environmental watering. As a responsive index with transparent categories the RCI can measure the current condition of river red gum stands and assess their watering needs. The RCI approach is readily transferrable to other tree species.
{"title":"The red gum condition index: a multi-variable tree condition index for visually assessed river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) trees","authors":"N. Souter","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2018.1557994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2018.1557994","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT River red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) is the dominant floodplain tree of the River Murray in south-eastern Australia. Drought and over-allocation of water have seen tree condition decline and environmental water is being used to aid recovery. An eight-variable visual assessment method is widely used to assess river red gum condition. These variables have been combined into a single aggregated index, the Red gum Condition Index (RCI), which comprises the Crown Condition sub-index (CCsi), which contributes 60% of the final score and assesses the amount of foliage in the tree crown; and the Secondary Variable sub-index (SVsi) which contributes 40% of the final score and aggregates measures of new tip growth, epicormic growth, reproduction, leaf die-off, mistletoe and bark condition. Relationships between variables define six condition categories. The R software package RCI calculates the RCI and provides quantitative and graphical outputs. Applied to two sites in South Australia, the RCI detected changes in tree condition attributable to environmental watering. As a responsive index with transparent categories the RCI can measure the current condition of river red gum stands and assess their watering needs. The RCI approach is readily transferrable to other tree species.","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85334973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2019.1580920
N. Whiterod, Sylvia Zukowski
ABSTRACT The extinction of species not only contributes to the loss of biodiversity but also the disruption of ecological interactions, processes and functioning. This is particularly true with the loss of keystone species where considerable ecological shifts are anticipated. Strongly justified and well-managed translocations are increasingly employed in an attempt to mitigate the loss of species. Once widespread, Murray Crayfish Euastacas armatus is an iconic and keystone species that has suffered a considerable decline in distribution and abundance, including in the Lower River Murray where it is assumed to be rare or locally extinct. In the present study, we conducted targeted sampling at 30 sites from Lower River Murray over 2013–2017 to confirm its local extinction and then propose a strategy to reestablish the species, which defines a meaningful objective and monitoring indicators to assess reintroduction success, identifies suitable receiving habitats and source populations, defines reintroduction scenarios (e.g. numbers and duration) required (based on population modelling) and discussion limitations. Although first proposed a quarter of a century ago, we are now in an informed position to achieve this reintroduction objective. Considerable ecological and social benefits are anticipated with the successful reestablishment of a keystone species into the Lower River Murray.
{"title":"It’s not there, but it could be: a renewed case for reintroduction of a keystone species into the Lower River Murray","authors":"N. Whiterod, Sylvia Zukowski","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2019.1580920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2019.1580920","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The extinction of species not only contributes to the loss of biodiversity but also the disruption of ecological interactions, processes and functioning. This is particularly true with the loss of keystone species where considerable ecological shifts are anticipated. Strongly justified and well-managed translocations are increasingly employed in an attempt to mitigate the loss of species. Once widespread, Murray Crayfish Euastacas armatus is an iconic and keystone species that has suffered a considerable decline in distribution and abundance, including in the Lower River Murray where it is assumed to be rare or locally extinct. In the present study, we conducted targeted sampling at 30 sites from Lower River Murray over 2013–2017 to confirm its local extinction and then propose a strategy to reestablish the species, which defines a meaningful objective and monitoring indicators to assess reintroduction success, identifies suitable receiving habitats and source populations, defines reintroduction scenarios (e.g. numbers and duration) required (based on population modelling) and discussion limitations. Although first proposed a quarter of a century ago, we are now in an informed position to achieve this reintroduction objective. Considerable ecological and social benefits are anticipated with the successful reestablishment of a keystone species into the Lower River Murray.","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83922945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-11DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2018.1552825
E. Cantor, T. Lewis, Marina Louter, Kevin H. Smith, Darren Schmitke, C. Moore, S. Kleindorfer
ABSTRACT The relationship between nest site characteristics and nest success is likely to be important in the conservation management of threatened cavity-nesting birds. The vulnerable eastern Regent Parrot (Polytelis anthopeplus monarchoides) is declining in South Australia, but there is little information on the behavioural ecology of its cavity-nesting habits. The aim of this study was to quantify parental nest visitation behaviour and measure nest site attributes in relation to nesting outcome. We collected data from 25 nests along the Murray River in South Australia, and analysed 608 h of video recording and 67 h of binocular observations. This study provides the first quantitative data on parental care behaviour of the eastern Regent Parrot. The results show (1) parent birds had ~0.5 visits per hour during incubation and ~2 visits per hour during feeding; (2) 16% of nesting cavities were abandoned, 24% usurped, 4% depredated (by lace monitor, Varanus varius), 4% unknown outcome; and (3) canopy cover was 58% at successful nests versus 34% at failed nests. Behavioural monitoring in the field should span at least two hours to capture parental activity at the nest, nesting success was correlated with canopy cover, and nesting failure was mostly explained by usurpation and abandonment.
{"title":"Nest site attributes and nesting outcome in the vulnerable eastern Regent Parrot (Polytelis anthopeplus monarchoides)","authors":"E. Cantor, T. Lewis, Marina Louter, Kevin H. Smith, Darren Schmitke, C. Moore, S. Kleindorfer","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2018.1552825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2018.1552825","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The relationship between nest site characteristics and nest success is likely to be important in the conservation management of threatened cavity-nesting birds. The vulnerable eastern Regent Parrot (Polytelis anthopeplus monarchoides) is declining in South Australia, but there is little information on the behavioural ecology of its cavity-nesting habits. The aim of this study was to quantify parental nest visitation behaviour and measure nest site attributes in relation to nesting outcome. We collected data from 25 nests along the Murray River in South Australia, and analysed 608 h of video recording and 67 h of binocular observations. This study provides the first quantitative data on parental care behaviour of the eastern Regent Parrot. The results show (1) parent birds had ~0.5 visits per hour during incubation and ~2 visits per hour during feeding; (2) 16% of nesting cavities were abandoned, 24% usurped, 4% depredated (by lace monitor, Varanus varius), 4% unknown outcome; and (3) canopy cover was 58% at successful nests versus 34% at failed nests. Behavioural monitoring in the field should span at least two hours to capture parental activity at the nest, nesting success was correlated with canopy cover, and nesting failure was mostly explained by usurpation and abandonment.","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03721426.2018.1552825","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72503743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-20DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2018.1546423
S. Lamontagne, W. Hicks
ABSTRACT An experimental flooding with freshwater was used to evaluate the biogeochemical impacts of freshening in a semi-arid floodplain wetland that had undergone severe secondary salinisation (Loveday Disposal Basin, Australia). Filling the wetland with freshwater lowered electrical conductivity (EC) from ~60 to 13 dS m–1. This freshening was accompanied by substantial declines in total P (TP), filterable reactive P (FRP), dissolved organic C (DOC), total organic N (TON), dissolved organic N (DON), NH4+ and molybdenum-reactive Si (MoR Si) concentrations. Owing to the semiarid climate, the water level receded and EC increased to pre-flooding conditions within seven months. During this drying phase, some chemical species maintained lower concentrations then pre-flooding (TP and FRP), others returned to within their original range (DOC, TON, DON), and others went above their original range (NH4+ and MoR Si), the latter reflecting some bank discharge of groundwater. Unexpectedly low turbidity and P concentrations during the drying phase were promoted by the development of an extensive filamentous algal mat following flooding, which limited sediment resuspension as the water level receded. The transient response to freshening highlights that salinity is a key driver of biogeochemical cycles in semi-arid wetlands.
{"title":"Biogeochemical response of a secondary-salinised floodplain wetland to experimental freshening","authors":"S. Lamontagne, W. Hicks","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2018.1546423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2018.1546423","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An experimental flooding with freshwater was used to evaluate the biogeochemical impacts of freshening in a semi-arid floodplain wetland that had undergone severe secondary salinisation (Loveday Disposal Basin, Australia). Filling the wetland with freshwater lowered electrical conductivity (EC) from ~60 to 13 dS m–1. This freshening was accompanied by substantial declines in total P (TP), filterable reactive P (FRP), dissolved organic C (DOC), total organic N (TON), dissolved organic N (DON), NH4+ and molybdenum-reactive Si (MoR Si) concentrations. Owing to the semiarid climate, the water level receded and EC increased to pre-flooding conditions within seven months. During this drying phase, some chemical species maintained lower concentrations then pre-flooding (TP and FRP), others returned to within their original range (DOC, TON, DON), and others went above their original range (NH4+ and MoR Si), the latter reflecting some bank discharge of groundwater. Unexpectedly low turbidity and P concentrations during the drying phase were promoted by the development of an extensive filamentous algal mat following flooding, which limited sediment resuspension as the water level receded. The transient response to freshening highlights that salinity is a key driver of biogeochemical cycles in semi-arid wetlands.","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91263667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-15DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2018.1547487
E. Williamson, Scott V. C. Groom, K. Hogendoorn
ABSTRACT Unmanaged, or feral, honey bees can be abundant in Australian agricultural landscapes and provide substantial, but unquantified, crop pollination services. This makes these production systems vulnerable to ecological disturbances. Quantifying the densities of feral honey bees is key to determining the reliance of free pollination services and system vulnerability. Current methods for estimating densities of feral honey bee hives are based on the number of haplotypes identified from drones caught using a pheromone lure. This method assumes that all hives contribute to the drone population, and that the area over which they are attracted is known. To test these assumptions the estimates based on drone capture should be compared to the genetic composition of hives in the same area. We developed a flag and pole method to sample worker sting DNA from feral hives in trees. We show that the use of alarm pheromone isopentyl acetate can significantly increase the efficiency of this method. We also demonstrate that the DNA collected from sting samples will amplify via PCR to a band intensity similar to that of leg tissue. In addition to providing a method to verify hive density estimates based on drone captures other applications of our method are discussed.
{"title":"A new method to sample DNA from feral honey bee hives in trees","authors":"E. Williamson, Scott V. C. Groom, K. Hogendoorn","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2018.1547487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2018.1547487","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Unmanaged, or feral, honey bees can be abundant in Australian agricultural landscapes and provide substantial, but unquantified, crop pollination services. This makes these production systems vulnerable to ecological disturbances. Quantifying the densities of feral honey bees is key to determining the reliance of free pollination services and system vulnerability. Current methods for estimating densities of feral honey bee hives are based on the number of haplotypes identified from drones caught using a pheromone lure. This method assumes that all hives contribute to the drone population, and that the area over which they are attracted is known. To test these assumptions the estimates based on drone capture should be compared to the genetic composition of hives in the same area. We developed a flag and pole method to sample worker sting DNA from feral hives in trees. We show that the use of alarm pheromone isopentyl acetate can significantly increase the efficiency of this method. We also demonstrate that the DNA collected from sting samples will amplify via PCR to a band intensity similar to that of leg tissue. In addition to providing a method to verify hive density estimates based on drone captures other applications of our method are discussed.","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85966478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-15DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2018.1542259
J. Hacking, T. Bradford, K. Pierce, M. Gardner
ABSTRACT The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a hypervariable gene family that plays an essential role in the recognition of pathogens and immune response. Research on the reptilian MHC has lagged behind other vertebrate groups. Here, we genotyped individuals of an Australian agamid lizard species at MHC class I loci using a recently developed clustering method and family group data. Our method allowed identification of low amplification efficiency alleles and estimation of both type I and II genotyping error rates. The number of MHC class I alleles per individual varied within populations and together with allele segregation patterns, suggests either natural copy number variation or allele dropout. Genotypes from individuals across five populations revealed shared alleles among populations and low allelic diversity in an island population. Finally, we identified sites under selection and designated them putative peptide binding regions. Our results provide a foundation for future work on the MHC class I region of agamid lizards.
{"title":"De novo genotyping of the major histocompatibility complex in an Australian dragon lizard, Ctenophorus decresii","authors":"J. Hacking, T. Bradford, K. Pierce, M. Gardner","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2018.1542259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2018.1542259","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a hypervariable gene family that plays an essential role in the recognition of pathogens and immune response. Research on the reptilian MHC has lagged behind other vertebrate groups. Here, we genotyped individuals of an Australian agamid lizard species at MHC class I loci using a recently developed clustering method and family group data. Our method allowed identification of low amplification efficiency alleles and estimation of both type I and II genotyping error rates. The number of MHC class I alleles per individual varied within populations and together with allele segregation patterns, suggests either natural copy number variation or allele dropout. Genotypes from individuals across five populations revealed shared alleles among populations and low allelic diversity in an island population. Finally, we identified sites under selection and designated them putative peptide binding regions. Our results provide a foundation for future work on the MHC class I region of agamid lizards.","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78812081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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