Pub Date : 2018-10-26DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2018.1534530
P. Clarke
ABSTRACT This paper is a literature-based study concerning avian nomenclature of the Ngarrindjeri language formerly spoken in the Lower Murray River region of temperate South Australia. Ngarrindjeri and modern European Australian classification systems for birds were structurally different. There was no single Ngarrindjeri word that covered all birds. Some species were clustered together under a single term, while others had separate gender-specific names. This study investigates how avian terms were incorporated into the naming of people and places. Analysis of avian classification adds to the understanding of early Aboriginal use and perception of the Australian environment. A detailed list of Ngarrindjeri names for birds is provided.
{"title":"The Ngarrindjeri nomenclature of birds in the Lower Murray River region, South Australia","authors":"P. Clarke","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2018.1534530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2018.1534530","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper is a literature-based study concerning avian nomenclature of the Ngarrindjeri language formerly spoken in the Lower Murray River region of temperate South Australia. Ngarrindjeri and modern European Australian classification systems for birds were structurally different. There was no single Ngarrindjeri word that covered all birds. Some species were clustered together under a single term, while others had separate gender-specific names. This study investigates how avian terms were incorporated into the naming of people and places. Analysis of avian classification adds to the understanding of early Aboriginal use and perception of the Australian environment. A detailed list of Ngarrindjeri names for birds is provided.","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83074317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-25DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2018.1532269
W. Nicholas, T. Lachlan, C. Murray-Wallace, G. Price
ABSTRACT The extent to which scleractinian coral inhabited southern Australia during the warm intervals of the Quaternary is poorly understood because identifiable corals from interglacial sedimentary records are scarce. Here we document the presence of a sub-tropical coral, Goniopora lobata, recovered together with warm water mollusc species from a raised cobble and boulder beach conglomerate at Kingscote, Kangaroo Island, dated by uranium-series and amino acid racemisation methods respectively to the last interglacial (MIS 5e). The presence of this assemblage preserved within the Glanville Formation at Kingscote suggests a 2–3° C higher than present last interglacial coastal water temperature for northern Kangaroo Island. The height of the last interglacial shoreline deposit was measured by theodolite, and points to a mean last interglacial sea level 3.1 ± 0.4 m higher than present.
{"title":"Amino acid racemisation and uranium-series dating of a last interglacial raised beach, Kingscote, Kangaroo Island, southern Australia","authors":"W. Nicholas, T. Lachlan, C. Murray-Wallace, G. Price","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2018.1532269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2018.1532269","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The extent to which scleractinian coral inhabited southern Australia during the warm intervals of the Quaternary is poorly understood because identifiable corals from interglacial sedimentary records are scarce. Here we document the presence of a sub-tropical coral, Goniopora lobata, recovered together with warm water mollusc species from a raised cobble and boulder beach conglomerate at Kingscote, Kangaroo Island, dated by uranium-series and amino acid racemisation methods respectively to the last interglacial (MIS 5e). The presence of this assemblage preserved within the Glanville Formation at Kingscote suggests a 2–3° C higher than present last interglacial coastal water temperature for northern Kangaroo Island. The height of the last interglacial shoreline deposit was measured by theodolite, and points to a mean last interglacial sea level 3.1 ± 0.4 m higher than present.","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88865295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-25DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2018.1532270
R. Grund, A. Stolarski, M. Stevens
ABSTRACT Klug [J.C.F.] has been rediscovered in the mid-north of South Australia. The species was thought to be locally extinct from South Australia since 1948 when it was last seen flying by F.M. Angel and N.B. Tindale near Two Wells, 20 km north of Adelaide. We compared adult males and females from the mid-north population with S. selene from the type locality, and also to the parthenogenetic populations in western Victoria. We also compare the mtDNA (COI) gene for S. selene from South Australia to the parthenogenetic populations in Victoria and several other Synemon species.
{"title":"Rediscovery of Synemon selene (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) in the mid-north of South Australia","authors":"R. Grund, A. Stolarski, M. Stevens","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2018.1532270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2018.1532270","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Klug [J.C.F.] has been rediscovered in the mid-north of South Australia. The species was thought to be locally extinct from South Australia since 1948 when it was last seen flying by F.M. Angel and N.B. Tindale near Two Wells, 20 km north of Adelaide. We compared adult males and females from the mid-north population with S. selene from the type locality, and also to the parthenogenetic populations in western Victoria. We also compare the mtDNA (COI) gene for S. selene from South Australia to the parthenogenetic populations in Victoria and several other Synemon species.","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85509286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2018.1513770
Nerissa A. Haby, S. Delean, B. Brook
ABSTRACT In theory, interpretation and transferability of species distribution models (SDMs) should be improved by including abiotic and biotic factors that directly influence a species’ fundamental niche. We investigated whether adding topographic, soil and vegetation variables to a climate-only model improved model performance and predictive capacity for four coastal small mammal species. Adding landscape variables improved the structural goodness of fit for all four species (e.g. 2.6–47.6% increase in deviance explained), and the information-theoretic rankings (based on AICc, BIC and DIC) for the wet-heath specialist (Muridae, Rattus lutreolus lutreolus) and peramelid (Peramelidae, Isoodon obesulus obesulus). For the latter species, improved model performance successfully coincided with improved predictive capacity in the out-of-region validation (increase in the area under the curve, AUC). However, this result was poorly supported by trends in the successful classification of absences (specificity) indicating a modelling bias caused by low prevalence of species occurrence. Across all SDMs, additional abiotic and biotic landscape variables contributed between 3.7 and 14.9% of accumulative deviance explained. Our results illustrate increased model fit and transferability for select species, highlighting the potential for landscape variables that represent resources to better represent the fundamental niche in SDMs.
{"title":"Improving performance and transferability of small mammal species distribution models","authors":"Nerissa A. Haby, S. Delean, B. Brook","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2018.1513770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2018.1513770","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In theory, interpretation and transferability of species distribution models (SDMs) should be improved by including abiotic and biotic factors that directly influence a species’ fundamental niche. We investigated whether adding topographic, soil and vegetation variables to a climate-only model improved model performance and predictive capacity for four coastal small mammal species. Adding landscape variables improved the structural goodness of fit for all four species (e.g. 2.6–47.6% increase in deviance explained), and the information-theoretic rankings (based on AICc, BIC and DIC) for the wet-heath specialist (Muridae, Rattus lutreolus lutreolus) and peramelid (Peramelidae, Isoodon obesulus obesulus). For the latter species, improved model performance successfully coincided with improved predictive capacity in the out-of-region validation (increase in the area under the curve, AUC). However, this result was poorly supported by trends in the successful classification of absences (specificity) indicating a modelling bias caused by low prevalence of species occurrence. Across all SDMs, additional abiotic and biotic landscape variables contributed between 3.7 and 14.9% of accumulative deviance explained. Our results illustrate increased model fit and transferability for select species, highlighting the potential for landscape variables that represent resources to better represent the fundamental niche in SDMs.","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84065788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2018.1490071
C. Twidale, J. A. Bourne, A. Hilgers
ABSTRACT Robert Langdon Crocker was the first scientist to investigate the separate fields of desert dunes that, now stabilised by vegetation and relic, extend over much of southern South Australia. Though he considered their origin, he was particularly concerned with their age or ages, and hence their significance for climatic change. As no physical dating methods appropriate to dune sand were then available, he perforce relied on stratigraphy and subjective criteria such as degree of weathering. Consequently, most of his estimates were of the wrong order of magnitude, but he focused attention on the chronology of events responsible for the geographically separate dunefields. Later work has shown that, as Crocker surmised, the fields share a common chronology. So much so that it is proposed that they could justifiably be named after he who first recognised their common characteristics and raised the questions of when they formed, when they were stabilised, and thus when climate had changed.
{"title":"R.L. Crocker and the South Australian palaeodunefields","authors":"C. Twidale, J. A. Bourne, A. Hilgers","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2018.1490071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2018.1490071","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Robert Langdon Crocker was the first scientist to investigate the separate fields of desert dunes that, now stabilised by vegetation and relic, extend over much of southern South Australia. Though he considered their origin, he was particularly concerned with their age or ages, and hence their significance for climatic change. As no physical dating methods appropriate to dune sand were then available, he perforce relied on stratigraphy and subjective criteria such as degree of weathering. Consequently, most of his estimates were of the wrong order of magnitude, but he focused attention on the chronology of events responsible for the geographically separate dunefields. Later work has shown that, as Crocker surmised, the fields share a common chronology. So much so that it is proposed that they could justifiably be named after he who first recognised their common characteristics and raised the questions of when they formed, when they were stabilised, and thus when climate had changed.","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73133659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2018.1509414
L. Smales
ABSTRACT Cestodes, including Hymenolepis cf diminuta, the acanthocephalan Moniliformis moniliformis and 13 species of nematode, were collected from the digestive tracts of 22 individuals of Rattus verucundus (Murinae: Rattini) from Papua New Guinea. Missimstrongylus oweni n. gen., n. sp. differs from all other genera in the Heligmonellidae in the characters of the synlophe. Nippostrongylinae sp. 1 differs from all other Heligmonellidae and may have been previously reported as Nippostrongylinae sp. 1 from R. niobe. The capillariids Capillaria s. l., and Eucoleus sp., the chabertiid Cyclodontostomum purvisi, the heterakids Heterakis sirawii and H. spumosa, the oxyurid Syphacia niobe, the spirurids Protospirura kaindiensis and P. muricola, the sublurid Subulura andersoni and the trichurid Trichuris muris, have been reported previously from endemic murids. The rictulariid Pterygodermatites whartoni has not been reported previously from New Guinea. Examination of the three species of Australian Rictularia resulted in the reassignment of two to the genus Pterygodermatites. Species richness of the nematode assemblage, as indicated by bootstrap estimates, was similar to those reported from R. niobe, R. giluwensis and R. steini and those individuals of R. leucopus examined from Papua New Guinea. Of the species recovered only Missimstrongylus oweni was unique to R. verucundus.
{"title":"The gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus verucundus (Rodentia: Muridae) with the description of a new species (Heligmonellidae: Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea and a comment on the Rictulariidae (Nematoda) from the Sahul Region","authors":"L. Smales","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2018.1509414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2018.1509414","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cestodes, including Hymenolepis cf diminuta, the acanthocephalan Moniliformis moniliformis and 13 species of nematode, were collected from the digestive tracts of 22 individuals of Rattus verucundus (Murinae: Rattini) from Papua New Guinea. Missimstrongylus oweni n. gen., n. sp. differs from all other genera in the Heligmonellidae in the characters of the synlophe. Nippostrongylinae sp. 1 differs from all other Heligmonellidae and may have been previously reported as Nippostrongylinae sp. 1 from R. niobe. The capillariids Capillaria s. l., and Eucoleus sp., the chabertiid Cyclodontostomum purvisi, the heterakids Heterakis sirawii and H. spumosa, the oxyurid Syphacia niobe, the spirurids Protospirura kaindiensis and P. muricola, the sublurid Subulura andersoni and the trichurid Trichuris muris, have been reported previously from endemic murids. The rictulariid Pterygodermatites whartoni has not been reported previously from New Guinea. Examination of the three species of Australian Rictularia resulted in the reassignment of two to the genus Pterygodermatites. Species richness of the nematode assemblage, as indicated by bootstrap estimates, was similar to those reported from R. niobe, R. giluwensis and R. steini and those individuals of R. leucopus examined from Papua New Guinea. Of the species recovered only Missimstrongylus oweni was unique to R. verucundus.","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85178834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2018.1510656
M. Retallack, D. Mackay, L. Thomson, M. Keller
ABSTRACT Light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is regarded as the key insect pest in Australian vineyards and it is also an important pest of apples and citrus. E. postvittana is indigenous to Australia and has a wide geographical distribution. Recent observations suggest that leafroller species other than E. postvittana may be causing damage in grapevine canopies. A study of tortricids was undertaken in Adelaide Hills and McLaren Vale vineyards, South Australia. A total of 407 specimens of Tortricidae were collected from grapevine canopies. Molecular techniques were used to identify species. The mean prevalence of E. postvittana per sample was 91.0% in 2014/15 and 96.2% in 2015/16. Larval Acropolitis rudisana, lucerne leafroller, Merophyas divulsana and cotton tipworm, Crocidosema plebejana were also found on the grapevine canopy at much lower densities for the first time. The presence of leafroller species A. rudisana, M. divulsana and C. plebejana on grapevines confirms these species of Tortricidae may also be present in South Australian vineyards. This study confirms that E. postvittana is the most common tortricid pest in Adelaide Hills and McLaren Vale vineyards and also illustrates the utility of molecular methods in determining with confidence the species identity of larval Tortricidae.
{"title":"Which species of Tortricidae leafrollers are key insect pests in South Australian vineyards?","authors":"M. Retallack, D. Mackay, L. Thomson, M. Keller","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2018.1510656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2018.1510656","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is regarded as the key insect pest in Australian vineyards and it is also an important pest of apples and citrus. E. postvittana is indigenous to Australia and has a wide geographical distribution. Recent observations suggest that leafroller species other than E. postvittana may be causing damage in grapevine canopies. A study of tortricids was undertaken in Adelaide Hills and McLaren Vale vineyards, South Australia. A total of 407 specimens of Tortricidae were collected from grapevine canopies. Molecular techniques were used to identify species. The mean prevalence of E. postvittana per sample was 91.0% in 2014/15 and 96.2% in 2015/16. Larval Acropolitis rudisana, lucerne leafroller, Merophyas divulsana and cotton tipworm, Crocidosema plebejana were also found on the grapevine canopy at much lower densities for the first time. The presence of leafroller species A. rudisana, M. divulsana and C. plebejana on grapevines confirms these species of Tortricidae may also be present in South Australian vineyards. This study confirms that E. postvittana is the most common tortricid pest in Adelaide Hills and McLaren Vale vineyards and also illustrates the utility of molecular methods in determining with confidence the species identity of larval Tortricidae.","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83126000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2018.1509415
Deirdre D. Ryan, R. Bourman, D. Price, C. Murray-Wallace
ABSTRACT Alluvial sequences proximal to coastlines offer opportunities to establish associations between terrestrial, sea-level and climatic events. South Australia hosts a globally significant Pleistocene interglacial sea-level record and numerous terrestrial sediment sources. However, only fragmentary evidence of pre-Last Interglacial alluvium has been identified. This paper presents the first definitive recognition of MIS 7 alluvium in South Australia, which occurs beneath the surface of extensive river terraces flanking Currency Creek and the Finniss River, between the Mount Lofty Ranges and the River Murray Lakes. A thermoluminescence age, 227 ± 24 ka, correlates with the penultimate interglacial global sea-level highstand. Nearby, last interglacial fossils of the estuarine bivalve Spisula trigonella at 2.53 ± 0.25 m APSL occupy a hollow eroded into the MIS 7 alluvium. Increasing aridity and decreased fluvial activity in the late Quaternary have preserved the MIS 7 alluvium. The fragmentary record of alluvium pre-dating the Last Interglacial is attributed to three principal causes: (1) tectonic subsidence of the Murray Estuary, which increased the potential for burial or coastal erosion of sediments; (2) erosion and reworking of previously existing alluviums, especially during low sea levels of glacial times; (3) the absence of reliable dating controls on the potentially older alluvial sediments.
{"title":"Identification of a penultimate interglacial (marine isotope stage 7) alluvium in South Australia and its climatic and sea-level implications","authors":"Deirdre D. Ryan, R. Bourman, D. Price, C. Murray-Wallace","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2018.1509415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2018.1509415","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Alluvial sequences proximal to coastlines offer opportunities to establish associations between terrestrial, sea-level and climatic events. South Australia hosts a globally significant Pleistocene interglacial sea-level record and numerous terrestrial sediment sources. However, only fragmentary evidence of pre-Last Interglacial alluvium has been identified. This paper presents the first definitive recognition of MIS 7 alluvium in South Australia, which occurs beneath the surface of extensive river terraces flanking Currency Creek and the Finniss River, between the Mount Lofty Ranges and the River Murray Lakes. A thermoluminescence age, 227 ± 24 ka, correlates with the penultimate interglacial global sea-level highstand. Nearby, last interglacial fossils of the estuarine bivalve Spisula trigonella at 2.53 ± 0.25 m APSL occupy a hollow eroded into the MIS 7 alluvium. Increasing aridity and decreased fluvial activity in the late Quaternary have preserved the MIS 7 alluvium. The fragmentary record of alluvium pre-dating the Last Interglacial is attributed to three principal causes: (1) tectonic subsidence of the Murray Estuary, which increased the potential for burial or coastal erosion of sediments; (2) erosion and reworking of previously existing alluviums, especially during low sea levels of glacial times; (3) the absence of reliable dating controls on the potentially older alluvial sediments.","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74488280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2018.1500761
D. Spratt
ABSTRACT Three species of Parastrongyloides previously described from the small intestine of Australian marsupials are reviewed and redescribed from new material and in some instances new host species: P. australis Mawson, 1960 from Isoodon obesulus and Perameles gunnii; P. peramelis Mackerras, 1959 from I. macrourus, Perameles nasuta and Perameles gunnii; and P. trichosuri Mackerras, 1959 from Trichosurus vulpecula vulpecula, T. vulpecula johnstoni and Petaurus breviceps. In addition, three new species of Parastrongyloides Morgan, 1928 (Nematoda: Rhabditoidea: Strongyloididae) are described from the small intestines of their hosts: P. nadgeensis from the agile antechinus, Antechinus agilis, the dusky antechinus, A. swainsonii, and the fat-tailed dunnart, Sminthopsis crassicaudata; P. timbillicensis from the white-footed dunnart, S. leucopus and S. crassicaudata; and P. walterae from the small intestine of A. swainsonii. Three additional suspected species are partially described from the southern long-nosed bandicoot, P. nasuta; the northern quoll, Dasyurus hallucatus; and the little-long-tailed dunnart, S. dolichura but not named. A key to the species of Parastrongyloides from Australian marsupials and a monotreme is presented.
{"title":"A review of species of Parastrongyloides (Nematoda: Rhabditoidea: Strongyloididae) from Australian marsupials with descriptions of three new species","authors":"D. Spratt","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2018.1500761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2018.1500761","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Three species of Parastrongyloides previously described from the small intestine of Australian marsupials are reviewed and redescribed from new material and in some instances new host species: P. australis Mawson, 1960 from Isoodon obesulus and Perameles gunnii; P. peramelis Mackerras, 1959 from I. macrourus, Perameles nasuta and Perameles gunnii; and P. trichosuri Mackerras, 1959 from Trichosurus vulpecula vulpecula, T. vulpecula johnstoni and Petaurus breviceps. In addition, three new species of Parastrongyloides Morgan, 1928 (Nematoda: Rhabditoidea: Strongyloididae) are described from the small intestines of their hosts: P. nadgeensis from the agile antechinus, Antechinus agilis, the dusky antechinus, A. swainsonii, and the fat-tailed dunnart, Sminthopsis crassicaudata; P. timbillicensis from the white-footed dunnart, S. leucopus and S. crassicaudata; and P. walterae from the small intestine of A. swainsonii. Three additional suspected species are partially described from the southern long-nosed bandicoot, P. nasuta; the northern quoll, Dasyurus hallucatus; and the little-long-tailed dunnart, S. dolichura but not named. A key to the species of Parastrongyloides from Australian marsupials and a monotreme is presented.","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81729815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-12DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2018.1483185
A. Slender, Marina Louter, M. Gardner, S. Kleindorfer
ABSTRACT Passerine song has many functions including mate attraction and territory defence. When songs across populations diverge, this can lead to changes in conspecific recognition and barriers to gene flow, which affect evolutionary processes that could lead to speciation. Two subspecies of thick-billed grasswren (Amytornis modestus) have a parapatric distribution characterised as a narrow region of high genetic admixture where the two subspecies meet. Outside the region of parapatry, the subspecies are genetically and morphologically diverged and weak inter-subspecific gene flow is asymmetric from A. m. indulkanna to A. m. raglessi. We examined the differences between song of A. m. indulkanna and A. m. raglessi and experimentally broadcast each subspecies song to compare territory-holder response in relation to intruder subspecies type. Our aim was to determine if territory owners have a different response to intruders based on the subspecific song type. The song of each subspecies contained unique vocal elements that were absent in the other subspecies. A. m. raglessi responded similarly to con-subspecific and hetero-subspecific intruder song, and A. m. indulkanna responded more often and with greater intensity to hetero- compared to con-subspecific intruder song. The stronger response by A. m. indulkanna towards hetero-subspecific intruders provides a plausible behavioural explanation for the observed patterns of asymmetrical gene flow.
雀鸟鸣叫具有吸引配偶、保卫领地等多种功能。当不同种群的歌声出现分歧时，这可能会导致同种识别的变化和基因流动的障碍，从而影响可能导致物种形成的进化过程。厚嘴草鹩(Amytornis modestus)的两个亚种具有准种群分布特征，其特征是两个亚种相遇的高度遗传混合的狭窄区域。在异缘区之外，亚种在遗传和形态上存在分化，从A. m. indulkanna到A. m. raglessi的亚种间弱基因流是不对称的。本研究通过对不同亚种的鸣声进行实验广播，比较不同入侵亚种对领地占有者的反应。我们的目的是确定领地所有者对入侵者的反应是否基于亚特定的歌曲类型。每个亚种的歌声都包含了其他亚种所没有的独特的声音元素。A. m. raglessi对非亚特异性和非亚特异性的入侵歌曲的反应相似，A. m. indulkanna对非亚特异性的入侵歌曲的反应更频繁、更强烈。a . m. indulkanna对异种亚特异性入侵者的强烈反应为观察到的不对称基因流动模式提供了一种合理的行为解释。
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