Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2026.114694
Jielin Liu, Yanshan Lou
Improving the crashworthiness of thin-walled structures while controlling material cost is increasingly important for large-scale engineering applications. This study investigates the use of recycled machining chips as a low-cost and sustainable filler for enhancing the energy absorption of thin-walled tubes. Axial compression tests were conducted on both hollow tubes and chip-filled tubes. The chip-filled configuration achieved a 58% increase in energy absorption compared with the hollow tube, without raising the initial peak crushing force. An engineering equivalent, density-dependent modeling approach was proposed to describe the macroscopic behavior of the metal chip filler. Based on this method, a numerical model of the chip-filled tube was established. Its predicted crushing response agrees with the experimental results, with the error in energy absorption below 5.5%. Overall, the results demonstrate that recycled metal chips provide a cost-effective and practical means of improving thin-walled structural crashworthiness, and the proposed modeling approach offers a practical tool for the design and optimization of chip-filled energy-absorbing components.
{"title":"Axial crushing behavior of metal chip-filled thin-walled tubes: experiments and simulations","authors":"Jielin Liu, Yanshan Lou","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving the crashworthiness of thin-walled structures while controlling material cost is increasingly important for large-scale engineering applications. This study investigates the use of recycled machining chips as a low-cost and sustainable filler for enhancing the energy absorption of thin-walled tubes. Axial compression tests were conducted on both hollow tubes and chip-filled tubes. The chip-filled configuration achieved a 58% increase in energy absorption compared with the hollow tube, without raising the initial peak crushing force. An engineering equivalent, density-dependent modeling approach was proposed to describe the macroscopic behavior of the metal chip filler. Based on this method, a numerical model of the chip-filled tube was established. Its predicted crushing response agrees with the experimental results, with the error in energy absorption below 5.5%. Overall, the results demonstrate that recycled metal chips provide a cost-effective and practical means of improving thin-walled structural crashworthiness, and the proposed modeling approach offers a practical tool for the design and optimization of chip-filled energy-absorbing components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 114694"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2026.114660
Wei Huang , Zhijie Duan , Zhao Li , Peng Wang , Shiming Zu , Jiayi Liu
The sandwich structure with hard metal frame and energy absorbing foam core (SMF) is of significance in the integration of lightweight and impact-resistant performance. By incorporating three foam materials, the synergistic mechanism between steel frameworks and varying soft foam cores are revealed in this work. Based on the large-mass impact test, a concurrent numerical simulation is conducted to analyze the impact resistance and energy absorption mechanisms of SMF in terms of transverse deflection, acceleration response, energy absorption, and failure modes. The results demonstrate that the hard-soft core design achieves a synergistic effect: while the steel framework governs the primary load-bearing capacity and global structural integrity, the soft foam cores significantly enhance energy dissipation through controlled compression and densification. Although with the lowest energy absorption efficiency, the SMF with high-density foam exhibits superior impact performance by suppressing front facesheet tearing and minimizing interface debonding at low impact velocity. The low-density foam cores achieve superior specific energy absorption to the high-density one, which is up to 5 times difference as it is subjected to impact velocity of 11.5 m/s. This work establishes that optimized sandwich with hard-soft core provides an effective strategy for developing advanced lightweight protective structures with tunable impact resistance.
{"title":"Impact resistance of metallic sandwich structures with hard-soft core","authors":"Wei Huang , Zhijie Duan , Zhao Li , Peng Wang , Shiming Zu , Jiayi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sandwich structure with hard metal frame and energy absorbing foam core (SMF) is of significance in the integration of lightweight and impact-resistant performance. By incorporating three foam materials, the synergistic mechanism between steel frameworks and varying soft foam cores are revealed in this work. Based on the large-mass impact test, a concurrent numerical simulation is conducted to analyze the impact resistance and energy absorption mechanisms of SMF in terms of transverse deflection, acceleration response, energy absorption, and failure modes. The results demonstrate that the hard-soft core design achieves a synergistic effect: while the steel framework governs the primary load-bearing capacity and global structural integrity, the soft foam cores significantly enhance energy dissipation through controlled compression and densification. Although with the lowest energy absorption efficiency, the SMF with high-density foam exhibits superior impact performance by suppressing front facesheet tearing and minimizing interface debonding at low impact velocity. The low-density foam cores achieve superior specific energy absorption to the high-density one, which is up to 5 times difference as it is subjected to impact velocity of 11.5 m/s. This work establishes that optimized sandwich with hard-soft core provides an effective strategy for developing advanced lightweight protective structures with tunable impact resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 114660"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2026.114653
Ziqian Lin , Yidu Bu , Lu Yang , Kelong Xu
This paper investigates the structural behaviour and design of stainless-steel (SS) T-stubs connected by swage-locking pins. Sixteen swage-locking pinned SS T-stubs were tested under monotonic tension. The experimental results, including failure mode, ultimate resistance, deformation capacity and load–displacement responses, were reported. Preload measurement and tensile tests on individual swage-locking pins were additionally conducted to evaluate their preload stability and tensile resistance. Finite-element (FE) models for both T-stubs and swage-locking pins were developed and validated against the experimental data. An extended parametric study was performed to investigate the effect of key parameters—pin pitch, preload, equivalent segment length, and pin diameter—on the structural behaviour of T-stubs. The existing design methods for predicting the resistance of SS T-stubs, including the design provisions in EN 1993–1–8 (EC3) and the Continuous Strength Method (CSM), were evaluated. The results show that EC3 significantly underestimates the ultimate resistance of this connection. The CSM is a deformation-based framework that accounts for stainless-steel strain hardening and provides a higher flange plastic resistance Mf,Rd. The results indicate that the CSM improves the prediction accuracy of ultimate resistance while remaining conservative. Therefore, a new CSM-based design method is proposed for stainless-steel T-stubs connected by swage-locking pins. It combines the CSM-based flange resistance with an explicit consideration of the pin contribution. The method provides improved accuracy and consistency compared with EC3 and the CSM.
{"title":"Structural behaviour and design of stainless steel T-stubs connected by swage-locking pins","authors":"Ziqian Lin , Yidu Bu , Lu Yang , Kelong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the structural behaviour and design of stainless-steel (SS) T-stubs connected by swage-locking pins. Sixteen swage-locking pinned SS T-stubs were tested under monotonic tension. The experimental results, including failure mode, ultimate resistance, deformation capacity and load–displacement responses, were reported. Preload measurement and tensile tests on individual swage-locking pins were additionally conducted to evaluate their preload stability and tensile resistance. Finite-element (FE) models for both T-stubs and swage-locking pins were developed and validated against the experimental data. An extended parametric study was performed to investigate the effect of key parameters—pin pitch, preload, equivalent segment length, and pin diameter—on the structural behaviour of T-stubs. The existing design methods for predicting the resistance of SS T-stubs, including the design provisions in EN 1993–1–8 (EC3) and the Continuous Strength Method (CSM), were evaluated. The results show that EC3 significantly underestimates the ultimate resistance of this connection. The CSM is a deformation-based framework that accounts for stainless-steel strain hardening and provides a higher flange plastic resistance <em>M</em><sub>f,Rd</sub>. The results indicate that the CSM improves the prediction accuracy of ultimate resistance while remaining conservative. Therefore, a new CSM-based design method is proposed for stainless-steel T-stubs connected by swage-locking pins. It combines the CSM-based flange resistance with an explicit consideration of the pin contribution. The method provides improved accuracy and consistency compared with EC3 and the CSM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 114653"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2025-12-29DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2025.114459
Yu Zhang , Dacheng Li , Xiaochuan Liu , Xianfeng Yang , Jiayu Zhou , Yulong Li
High-energy laser (HEL) weapons have emerged as a significant threat to thin-walled aerospace structures; however, the damage and failure mechanisms driven by coupled thermo-mechanical effects remain insufficiently understood. This study investigates the penetration failure mechanisms of 2A12 aluminum alloy under CW laser irradiation, and a one-dimensional model is developed to bridge the gap of fast perforation prediction. The model deliberately simplifies the analysis by focusing on dominant heat conduction and phase change processes, decoupling the laser irradiation response into sequential heating and melting stages. This approach yields an analytical expression for the penetration time, validated experimentally with an average error of 6.2% for a 2 mm-thick plate under power densities of 200–400 W/cm². Laser irradiation experiments reveal a characteristic “bag-shaped” damage morphology, and a “sandwich” damage-flow model is proposed to explain the failure process. The combined theoretical and experimental framework offers a reliable and efficient approach for the rapid assessment of laser-induced damage to aircraft structural components.
{"title":"Penetration failure theory and damage modeling of 2A12 aviation aluminum alloy under high-energy continuous laser irradiation","authors":"Yu Zhang , Dacheng Li , Xiaochuan Liu , Xianfeng Yang , Jiayu Zhou , Yulong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2025.114459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2025.114459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-energy laser (HEL) weapons have emerged as a significant threat to thin-walled aerospace structures; however, the damage and failure mechanisms driven by coupled thermo-mechanical effects remain insufficiently understood. This study investigates the penetration failure mechanisms of 2A12 aluminum alloy under CW laser irradiation, and a one-dimensional model is developed to bridge the gap of fast perforation prediction. The model deliberately simplifies the analysis by focusing on dominant heat conduction and phase change processes, decoupling the laser irradiation response into sequential heating and melting stages. This approach yields an analytical expression for the penetration time, validated experimentally with an average error of 6.2% for a 2 mm-thick plate under power densities of 200–400 W/cm². Laser irradiation experiments reveal a characteristic “bag-shaped” damage morphology, and a “sandwich” damage-flow model is proposed to explain the failure process. The combined theoretical and experimental framework offers a reliable and efficient approach for the rapid assessment of laser-induced damage to aircraft structural components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 114459"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-02-22DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2026.114702
Lu Yang , Xin Chang , Fei Yin
This study systematically investigates the flexural buckling performance of welded I-section beam-columns fabricated from Q1100 ultra-high strength steel. Beam-column tests were conducted on six pin-ended specimens susceptible to minor-axis buckling, providing critical mechanical response data. The experimental results were used to validate a finite element model, which was subsequently employed for extensive parametric analysis. Integrating experimental and numerical findings, the applicability of current design codes—including those from Europe, North America, Australia, and China—was evaluated. Finally, an improved design approach is proposed within the Eurocode framework, using the Modified Direct Strength Method to calculate the bending bearing capacity of the section, and combining the interaction coefficients kz that have been calibrated for non-long and long sections respectively. Through experiments and finite element data verification, the applicability of this method is excellent.
{"title":"Behavior and design of Q1100 ultra-high strength steel welded I-section beam-columns","authors":"Lu Yang , Xin Chang , Fei Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically investigates the flexural buckling performance of welded I-section beam-columns fabricated from Q1100 ultra-high strength steel. Beam-column tests were conducted on six pin-ended specimens susceptible to minor-axis buckling, providing critical mechanical response data. The experimental results were used to validate a finite element model, which was subsequently employed for extensive parametric analysis. Integrating experimental and numerical findings, the applicability of current design codes—including those from Europe, North America, Australia, and China—was evaluated. Finally, an improved design approach is proposed within the Eurocode framework, using the Modified Direct Strength Method to calculate the bending bearing capacity of the section, and combining the interaction coefficients <em>k</em><sub>z</sub> that have been calibrated for non-long and long sections respectively. Through experiments and finite element data verification, the applicability of this method is excellent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 114702"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2026.114695
Xin Li , Yachen Xie , Ying Zhou , Guangyan Huang , Mengqi Yuan , Shaobo Qi , Hong Zhang
Three-dimensional (3D) woven fabrics are widely used in personal protection, vehicle armour and other impact resistance applications due to their superior energy absorption capability and damage tolerance against delamination. The expanding application of 3D woven fabrics in impact engineering necessitates further investigation into mechanical response. The ballistic responses - specifically damage modes, ballistic limits, and specific energy absorption - of 3D orthogonal and angle interlock woven fabrics were experimentally investigated, with a focus on the influence of areal density. Fabric areal density was systematically modified by modulating the fiber bundle count and the interlacing layer number. A primary-yarn-oriented meso‑macro hybrid-scale ballistic impact numerical model was established and verified for large-sized 3D woven fabrics with respect to ballistic limit and impact process. The numerical analysis focused on detailing the penetration characteristics, stress wave propagation, component yarn deformation and energy distribution within the 3D orthogonal and angle interlock woven fabrics under ballistic impact. The results indicated that reducing the yarn’s fiber bundles count and increasing the layer count could improve the ballistic limit of 3D woven fabrics. However, reducing the fiber bundle count proved to be a more effective strategy for enhancing the specific energy absorption capacity. The Mises stress propagation was hindered in the binder yarns due to the buckling. The gradual straightening of binder yarns caused the warp length of the fabric bulge to exceed the weft length. The projectile’s kinetic energy was shown to transform into the fabric’s kinetic energy, internal energy and the frictional dissipation energy throughout the impact duration.
{"title":"Comparative ballistic performance of 3D orthogonal and angle interlock woven fabrics with different fiber bundle count and interlacing layer number","authors":"Xin Li , Yachen Xie , Ying Zhou , Guangyan Huang , Mengqi Yuan , Shaobo Qi , Hong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three-dimensional (3D) woven fabrics are widely used in personal protection, vehicle armour and other impact resistance applications due to their superior energy absorption capability and damage tolerance against delamination. The expanding application of 3D woven fabrics in impact engineering necessitates further investigation into mechanical response. The ballistic responses - specifically damage modes, ballistic limits, and specific energy absorption - of 3D orthogonal and angle interlock woven fabrics were experimentally investigated, with a focus on the influence of areal density. Fabric areal density was systematically modified by modulating the fiber bundle count and the interlacing layer number. A primary-yarn-oriented meso‑macro hybrid-scale ballistic impact numerical model was established and verified for large-sized 3D woven fabrics with respect to ballistic limit and impact process. The numerical analysis focused on detailing the penetration characteristics, stress wave propagation, component yarn deformation and energy distribution within the 3D orthogonal and angle interlock woven fabrics under ballistic impact. The results indicated that reducing the yarn’s fiber bundles count and increasing the layer count could improve the ballistic limit of 3D woven fabrics. However, reducing the fiber bundle count proved to be a more effective strategy for enhancing the specific energy absorption capacity. The Mises stress propagation was hindered in the binder yarns due to the buckling. The gradual straightening of binder yarns caused the warp length of the fabric bulge to exceed the weft length. The projectile’s kinetic energy was shown to transform into the fabric’s kinetic energy, internal energy and the frictional dissipation energy throughout the impact duration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 114695"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2026.114730
Yan Lu , Yutao Zhao , Qi Guo , Peipeng Wang , Yueqin Yan , Yuqing Wang , Boqi Liu
Tube-to-plate welded joints are prone to multiaxial fatigue failure under cyclic loads induced by earthquakes, wind, ocean currents, or waves. Therefore, understanding of their multiaxial cyclic mechanical behavior is essential to ensure structural integrity. This study investigates the multiaxial fatigue behavior of Q345E tube-to-plate welded joints under both constant-amplitude and three-step variable loading paths. The effects of equivalent stress amplitude, stress phase difference, and loading sequence were examined. The results indicate that under three-step variable loading, the cumulative fatigue damage is significantly influenced by the loading sequence, which is primarily controlled by the phase difference between loading steps. Furthermore, the stiffness in a subsequent loading step is governed by whether its phase difference exceeds that of the preceding step. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3D topography analysis reveal that the phase difference between the second and third loading steps determines both the microscopic fracture morphology and surface roughness. Moreover, the surface roughness increases significantly with the degree of non-proportionality induced by these two loading steps. Among the Smith–Watson–Topper (SWT), Fatemi–Socie (FS), Modified-Kandil–Brown–Miller (MKBM), and Chen–Dong–Huang–Liu (CDHL) critical plane models, the MKBM model achieved the highest accuracy in predicting fatigue life under constant-amplitude loading, with 87.5 % of predictions falling within a scatter band of 1.25 and 96.3 % of predictions falling within a scatter band of 1.5. For the three-step variable loading, the Manson model provided the best predictions combined with critical plane models, with all results falling within a scatter band of 2.0.
管板焊接接头在地震、风、海流或波浪等循环荷载作用下容易发生多轴疲劳破坏。因此，了解其多轴循环力学行为对确保结构完整性至关重要。研究了Q345E型管板焊接接头在恒幅加载和三步变加载路径下的多轴疲劳行为。考察了等效应力幅值、应力相位差、加载顺序等因素的影响。结果表明：在三阶变加载条件下，加载顺序对累积疲劳损伤有显著影响，且主要受加载阶间相位差控制；此外，下一个加载步骤的刚度取决于其相位差是否超过前一个加载步骤。扫描电镜（SEM）和三维形貌分析表明，第二和第三加载步骤之间的相位差决定了微观断裂形貌和表面粗糙度。此外，表面粗糙度随这两个加载步骤引起的非比例程度显著增加。在Smith-Watson-Topper （SWT）、Fatemi-Socie （FS）、modied - kandil - brown - miller （MKBM）和chen - tung - huang - liu （CDHL）临界平面模型中，MKBM模型对恒幅载荷下疲劳寿命的预测精度最高，87.5%的预测落在1.25的散射带内，95.3%的预测落在1.5的散射带内。对于三步变载荷，Manson模型结合临界平面模型预测效果最好，结果均落在2.0的散射带内。
{"title":"Multiaxial fatigue behavior of Q345E tube-to-plate welded joints under three-step variable paths","authors":"Yan Lu , Yutao Zhao , Qi Guo , Peipeng Wang , Yueqin Yan , Yuqing Wang , Boqi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tube-to-plate welded joints are prone to multiaxial fatigue failure under cyclic loads induced by earthquakes, wind, ocean currents, or waves. Therefore, understanding of their multiaxial cyclic mechanical behavior is essential to ensure structural integrity. This study investigates the multiaxial fatigue behavior of Q345E tube-to-plate welded joints under both constant-amplitude and three-step variable loading paths. The effects of equivalent stress amplitude, stress phase difference, and loading sequence were examined. The results indicate that under three-step variable loading, the cumulative fatigue damage is significantly influenced by the loading sequence, which is primarily controlled by the phase difference between loading steps. Furthermore, the stiffness in a subsequent loading step is governed by whether its phase difference exceeds that of the preceding step. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3D topography analysis reveal that the phase difference between the second and third loading steps determines both the microscopic fracture morphology and surface roughness. Moreover, the surface roughness increases significantly with the degree of non-proportionality induced by these two loading steps. Among the Smith–Watson–Topper (SWT), Fatemi–Socie (FS), Modified-Kandil–Brown–Miller (MKBM), and Chen–Dong–Huang–Liu (CDHL) critical plane models, the MKBM model achieved the highest accuracy in predicting fatigue life under constant-amplitude loading, with 87.5 % of predictions falling within a scatter band of 1.25 and 96.3 % of predictions falling within a scatter band of 1.5. For the three-step variable loading, the Manson model provided the best predictions combined with critical plane models, with all results falling within a scatter band of 2.0.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 114730"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2026.114739
ZiLin Xiong , Yang Jin , FanQiang Meng , ShunYu Wang , Xiao He , QianQian Wu , LinZhi Wu
This study proposes a novel multifunctional sandwich structure, the P-type triply periodic minimal surface-based Helmholtz resonator coupled sandwich structure (P-HRCSS). The design innovatively integrates a triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) core with Helmholtz resonators (HRs) featuring wall-attached necks, achieving low-frequency broadband sound absorption while maintaining a low-profile, lightweight design. The wall-attached neck configuration significantly enhances the equivalent neck length and thermal-viscous dissipation, leading to superior sound absorption performance compared to traditional HRs. Furthermore, a theoretical model based on the acoustic-electrical analogy was developed to predict the sound absorption performance and was validated through finite element simulations, demonstrating good agreement. A genetic algorithm was employed to optimize the geometric parameters of a multi-cell configuration. Samples were fabricated via selective laser melting (SLM) and tested using an impedance tube. The results show that for the four-cell P-HRCSS geometry, an absorption coefficient greater than 0.8 is achieved within the frequency range of 423 Hz to 725 Hz, while the overall thickness is only 26 mm, corresponding to perfect absorption at a deep sub-wavelength scale (thickness approximately 1/28.4 of the wavelength). This work provides a new paradigm for designing multifunctional structural-acoustic systems, with promising applications in low-frequency noise control.
{"title":"Dissipation enhancement mechanism and sound absorption performance of TPMS sandwich structures with wall-attached necks","authors":"ZiLin Xiong , Yang Jin , FanQiang Meng , ShunYu Wang , Xiao He , QianQian Wu , LinZhi Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a novel multifunctional sandwich structure, the P-type triply periodic minimal surface-based Helmholtz resonator coupled sandwich structure (P-HRCSS). The design innovatively integrates a triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) core with Helmholtz resonators (HRs) featuring wall-attached necks, achieving low-frequency broadband sound absorption while maintaining a low-profile, lightweight design. The wall-attached neck configuration significantly enhances the equivalent neck length and thermal-viscous dissipation, leading to superior sound absorption performance compared to traditional HRs. Furthermore, a theoretical model based on the acoustic-electrical analogy was developed to predict the sound absorption performance and was validated through finite element simulations, demonstrating good agreement. A genetic algorithm was employed to optimize the geometric parameters of a multi-cell configuration. Samples were fabricated via selective laser melting (SLM) and tested using an impedance tube. The results show that for the four-cell P-HRCSS geometry, an absorption coefficient greater than 0.8 is achieved within the frequency range of 423 Hz to 725 Hz, while the overall thickness is only 26 mm, corresponding to perfect absorption at a deep sub-wavelength scale (thickness approximately 1/28.4 of the wavelength). This work provides a new paradigm for designing multifunctional structural-acoustic systems, with promising applications in low-frequency noise control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 114739"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-02-24DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2026.114706
Jianshu Wang , Shouzheng Sun , Xudong Ran , Tianrong Huang , Hongya Fu , Zhenyu Han , Shuhai Huang , Peng Zhang
In complex engineering environments, the duration of dynamic loads experienced by structures is highly variable. Traditional topology optimization approaches typically address only a single load duration, posing substantial safety risks. This study proposed a multi-duration robust topology optimization method for the design of fiber-reinforced composite structures (FRCS) subjected to dynamic loads with multiple potential durations. Operating under the assumption of linear elastic dynamics, the method employed time-averaged displacement fields to guide fiber orientation updates, effectively addressing the time-varying characteristics of principal stress directions during dynamic responses. To capture the morphological variability of structures under different load durations, a novel metric called the Morphological Dispersion Index (MDI) was introduced. Guided by the MDI, representative sub-durations were selected, and robust topology optimization was achieved by aggregating the objective functions and sensitivities of each sub-duration throughout the optimization process. Experimental validation of the numerical simulation framework was conducted using 3D printing and Digital Image Correlation (DIC). Benchmark cases demonstrated that variations in load duration significantly influenced the optimization outcomes. Compared to designs optimized for a single load duration, the proposed method reduced structural elastic strain energy by 29.98% to 75.80%, while maintaining stable and efficient structural configurations. The method exhibited strong adaptability across varying load durations, offering a new perspective for the robust design of FRCS under dynamic loading conditions.
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Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2026.114720
Sang Uk Park , Jaeyub Hyun
Conventional focusing methods using acoustic lenses have limitations, such as low transmittance and mechanical crosstalk, which degrade the on-demand focusing performance. This study presents a level-set topology optimization framework for designing electrode patterns on a planar piezoelectric metasurface. In the proposed framework, the electrode topologies are implicitly represented by a signed-distance function and evolved through the Hamilton-Jacobi equation using boundary point sensitivities calculated by the adjoint variable method. A parameterization scheme for the electric potential boundary condition is devised to parameterize the electrode patterns through topological design variables, i.e., area fractions of design elements cut by the zero level-set contour. The far-field acoustic pressure is efficiently evaluated using the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral method, leading to significant computational cost savings during optimization. Numerical investigations demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves well-defined focusing in both on- and off-axis configurations, which supports its use as a lens-free approach for far-field ultrasonic focusing.
{"title":"Level-set topology optimization of electrode-patterned piezoelectric metasurfaces for far-field ultrasonic focusing via the Kirchhoff–Helmholtz integral method","authors":"Sang Uk Park , Jaeyub Hyun","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional focusing methods using acoustic lenses have limitations, such as low transmittance and mechanical crosstalk, which degrade the on-demand focusing performance. This study presents a level-set topology optimization framework for designing electrode patterns on a planar piezoelectric metasurface. In the proposed framework, the electrode topologies are implicitly represented by a signed-distance function and evolved through the Hamilton-Jacobi equation using boundary point sensitivities calculated by the adjoint variable method. A parameterization scheme for the electric potential boundary condition is devised to parameterize the electrode patterns through topological design variables, i.e., area fractions of design elements cut by the zero level-set contour. The far-field acoustic pressure is efficiently evaluated using the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral method, leading to significant computational cost savings during optimization. Numerical investigations demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves well-defined focusing in both on- and off-axis configurations, which supports its use as a lens-free approach for far-field ultrasonic focusing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 114720"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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