This study explores the design and nonlinear vibration behavior of piezoelectric layered structures with variable cross-section thickness. Using Hamilton's principle, we derive equations for the linear fundamental frequency, undamped free vibration, damped forced vibration, and voltage output, providing a theoretical basis for understanding the dynamic response. The impact of factors such as thickness variation, external load, damping coefficient, and radius on vibration and voltage output is analyzed through theoretical models. High-precision experiments validate the theoretical findings. The study also proposes a deep learning-based method to optimize the sound insulation performance of variable-thickness thin plates. This approach efficiently predicts the vibration characteristics and can improve design efficiency and performance for noise insulation. In conclusion, the research offers valuable theoretical and experimental insights into the nonlinear vibrations of piezoelectric plates with gradient thickness and supports their optimized design for sensor and energy harvesting applications.
{"title":"Nonlinear vibration theory of variable cross-section piezoelectric films: design of noise reduction device","authors":"Jialin Zuo , Yukun Zhou , Peirong Zhong , Tianlin Jiang , Jinxin Xiao , Renhuai Liu , Wenhua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the design and nonlinear vibration behavior of piezoelectric layered structures with variable cross-section thickness. Using Hamilton's principle, we derive equations for the linear fundamental frequency, undamped free vibration, damped forced vibration, and voltage output, providing a theoretical basis for understanding the dynamic response. The impact of factors such as thickness variation, external load, damping coefficient, and radius on vibration and voltage output is analyzed through theoretical models. High-precision experiments validate the theoretical findings. The study also proposes a deep learning-based method to optimize the sound insulation performance of variable-thickness thin plates. This approach efficiently predicts the vibration characteristics and can improve design efficiency and performance for noise insulation. In conclusion, the research offers valuable theoretical and experimental insights into the nonlinear vibrations of piezoelectric plates with gradient thickness and supports their optimized design for sensor and energy harvesting applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114580"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2026.114581
Wenbin Ye , Lei Gan , Jun Liu , Peiqing Wang , Yiqing Sun , Liang Chen , Lechen Li , Xinwei Song
In this paper, a novel semi-analytical approach based on the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) is developed to investigate the free vibration of fluid-filled functionally graded material (FGM) shells resting on an elastic foundation. Building upon the conventional SBFEM, a unified modeling framework incorporating surface-based scaling techniques is established for the analysis of FGM shells. Unlike traditional SBFEM formulations that rely on scaling center mapping, the proposed method characterizes shell geometry solely through surface scaling transformations, thereby eliminating geometric discretization errors in theory and improving modeling accuracy. Furthermore, based on three-dimensional elasticity theory, the model discretizes only the shell surface using two-dimensional elements, which significantly reduces the number of degrees of freedom and computational cost while enhancing efficiency. Analytical solutions along the radial direction also contribute to improved accuracy and reliability of the results. The foundation support is simulated using a two-parameter Pasternak model, which restrains the motion of the overlying FGM shell through two independent physical mechanisms. The hydrodynamic pressure induced by the internal fluid is treated as an additional nodal variable in the governing equations of the fluid domain, modeled via the standard scaling-center-based SBFEM. The validity of the proposed method is verified through comparisons with existing reference solutions. Finally, a parametric study is conducted to examine the effects of key variables on the vibration frequency characteristics.
{"title":"A novel SBFEM-based semi-analytical solution for vibration analysis of fluid-filled functionally graded material shells resting on an elastic foundation","authors":"Wenbin Ye , Lei Gan , Jun Liu , Peiqing Wang , Yiqing Sun , Liang Chen , Lechen Li , Xinwei Song","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a novel semi-analytical approach based on the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) is developed to investigate the free vibration of fluid-filled functionally graded material (FGM) shells resting on an elastic foundation. Building upon the conventional SBFEM, a unified modeling framework incorporating surface-based scaling techniques is established for the analysis of FGM shells. Unlike traditional SBFEM formulations that rely on scaling center mapping, the proposed method characterizes shell geometry solely through surface scaling transformations, thereby eliminating geometric discretization errors in theory and improving modeling accuracy. Furthermore, based on three-dimensional elasticity theory, the model discretizes only the shell surface using two-dimensional elements, which significantly reduces the number of degrees of freedom and computational cost while enhancing efficiency. Analytical solutions along the radial direction also contribute to improved accuracy and reliability of the results. The foundation support is simulated using a two-parameter Pasternak model, which restrains the motion of the overlying FGM shell through two independent physical mechanisms. The hydrodynamic pressure induced by the internal fluid is treated as an additional nodal variable in the governing equations of the fluid domain, modeled via the standard scaling-center-based SBFEM. The validity of the proposed method is verified through comparisons with existing reference solutions. Finally, a parametric study is conducted to examine the effects of key variables on the vibration frequency characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 114581"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2026.114579
Zuodong Wang , Jiong Wang , Zhanfeng Li , Jianbin Wu , Weicheng Cai
In this paper, the magneto-mechanical behaviors of hard magnetic soft material (HMSM) shells are investigated through analytical approach. First, the total energy function for a HMSM shell sample is established. Through variational calculations, the 3D governing equations are derived, then the simplified governing equations are obtained by neglecting the self-activated magnetic field. Based on the simplified governing equations, a general finite-strain shell model for HMSM shells is developed through the series expansion and truncation method, which enables dimensional reduction while preserve key coupling effects. To validate this shell model, the bending and torsional deformation of a typical cylindrical shell structure are investigated. The analytical (asymptotic) solutions are derived and compared with the 3D Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation or experimental results, which show good consistency. Additionally, by conducting parametric studies, the influences of geometric parameters, material properties and magnetization vector on the magneto-mechanical behaviors of HMSM shells are revealed, which can provide critical insights into their coupled deformation mechanisms.
{"title":"Analytical study on the magneto-mechanical behaviors of hard-magnetic soft material shells based on a finite-strain shell model","authors":"Zuodong Wang , Jiong Wang , Zhanfeng Li , Jianbin Wu , Weicheng Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the magneto-mechanical behaviors of hard magnetic soft material (HMSM) shells are investigated through analytical approach. First, the total energy function for a HMSM shell sample is established. Through variational calculations, the 3D governing equations are derived, then the simplified governing equations are obtained by neglecting the self-activated magnetic field. Based on the simplified governing equations, a general finite-strain shell model for HMSM shells is developed through the series expansion and truncation method, which enables dimensional reduction while preserve key coupling effects. To validate this shell model, the bending and torsional deformation of a typical cylindrical shell structure are investigated. The analytical (asymptotic) solutions are derived and compared with the 3D Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation or experimental results, which show good consistency. Additionally, by conducting parametric studies, the influences of geometric parameters, material properties and magnetization vector on the magneto-mechanical behaviors of HMSM shells are revealed, which can provide critical insights into their coupled deformation mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 114579"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2026.114582
Chenchen Tan , Xunzhong Guo , Zheng Sun , Xuehao Shan , Kehong Guo , Weihao Wang , Zitong Guo
To explore the mechanism by which fabric structure influences impact response, experimental and numerical methods were used to study the impact process of a three-dimensional orthogonal woven composite (3DOWC), an off-axis three-dimensional orthogonal woven composite (OA-3DOWC) and a multiaxial three-dimensional woven composite (M3DWC), and the impact force–displacement curves obtained were used to analyze impact response. The ABAQUS/Explicit analysis method was used to construct global–local finite element models to define the failure criterion and progressive damage law combined with a vectorized user material (VUMAT), and the stress distribution and damage characteristics of the composites with different structures were compared. The effects of fabric structure on impact properties were studied, and the results revealed that the M3DWC sample had a maximum displacement reduction of 27.7% and 10.0% compared with the 3DOWC and the OA-3DOWC sample, respectively. Damage area decreases by 29.8% and 13.2%, while indentation depth diminishes by 73.9% and 53.8%.
{"title":"Experimental and numerical evaluation of the drop-weight impact performance of three-dimensional woven composite structures","authors":"Chenchen Tan , Xunzhong Guo , Zheng Sun , Xuehao Shan , Kehong Guo , Weihao Wang , Zitong Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To explore the mechanism by which fabric structure influences impact response, experimental and numerical methods were used to study the impact process of a three-dimensional orthogonal woven composite (3DOWC), an off-axis three-dimensional orthogonal woven composite (OA-3DOWC) and a multiaxial three-dimensional woven composite (M3DWC), and the impact force–displacement curves obtained were used to analyze impact response. The ABAQUS/Explicit analysis method was used to construct global–local finite element models to define the failure criterion and progressive damage law combined with a vectorized user material (VUMAT), and the stress distribution and damage characteristics of the composites with different structures were compared. The effects of fabric structure on impact properties were studied, and the results revealed that the M3DWC sample had a maximum displacement reduction of 27.7% and 10.0% compared with the 3DOWC and the OA-3DOWC sample, respectively. Damage area decreases by 29.8% and 13.2%, while indentation depth diminishes by 73.9% and 53.8%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114582"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2026.114576
Saifeng Zhong , Guoyong Jin , Qingtao Gong , Yukun Chen , Na Wang
The identification of crack parameters in blades is crucial for the operational safety of rotating machinery. This paper presents a boundary determination and XIGA-based multiple crack type identification method for the rotating functionally graded (FG) blades. Assuming that the material varies in the thickness direction, the first-order shear deformation shell theory is used to describe the displacement of the FG blade with a pre-twisted angle. The XIGA method utilizing a level set approach is applied to consider the crack effects, with distinct enrichment functions capturing the displacement fields at the crack tip and along the crack faces. Taking the modal parameters as input, DE algorithm minimizes the objective function through multiple iterations to achieve intelligent quantitative identification of boundary penalty stiffness and crack parameters. Convergence and accuracy verifications of the cracked blade model with various types of cracks are performed by using data from experiments and software simulations. The parameter analysis reveals that different combinations of crack length and location induce distinct variation in the natural frequencies of the blade model. It is evident from the comparative analysis that the optimization technique with XIGA model exhibits comparable precision in detecting the targeted crack information. The developed method demonstrates applicability across multiple crack types, allowing for the effective identification of a wide range of crack parameter combinations.
{"title":"A boundary determination and XIGA-based multiple crack type identification method for the rotating pre-twisted FG blade model","authors":"Saifeng Zhong , Guoyong Jin , Qingtao Gong , Yukun Chen , Na Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The identification of crack parameters in blades is crucial for the operational safety of rotating machinery. This paper presents a boundary determination and XIGA-based multiple crack type identification method for the rotating functionally graded (FG) blades. Assuming that the material varies in the thickness direction, the first-order shear deformation shell theory is used to describe the displacement of the FG blade with a pre-twisted angle. The XIGA method utilizing a level set approach is applied to consider the crack effects, with distinct enrichment functions capturing the displacement fields at the crack tip and along the crack faces. Taking the modal parameters as input, DE algorithm minimizes the objective function through multiple iterations to achieve intelligent quantitative identification of boundary penalty stiffness and crack parameters. Convergence and accuracy verifications of the cracked blade model with various types of cracks are performed by using data from experiments and software simulations. The parameter analysis reveals that different combinations of crack length and location induce distinct variation in the natural frequencies of the blade model. It is evident from the comparative analysis that the optimization technique with XIGA model exhibits comparable precision in detecting the targeted crack information. The developed method demonstrates applicability across multiple crack types, allowing for the effective identification of a wide range of crack parameter combinations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 114576"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2026.114573
Jinwei Lu , Yang Wei , Hao Du , Kang Zhao , Silu Huang , Jiawei Chen
Steel-cross laminated timber (CLT) composite floors have increasingly emerged as an alternative to steel-concrete composite floors due to their sustainability and construction efficiency. In addition, given the superior mechanical properties and resource utilization of cross-laminated bamboo and timber (CLBT), steel-CLBT composite systems hold promise for further enhancing the overall structural performance of steel-timber composite (STC) floors. The composite action of STC systems is governed by the shear performance of their connections. Traditional demountable bolt connections exhibit low stiffness in STC systems. Therefore, this study proposed grouted bolt connections for steel-CLT and steel-CLBT composite structures. Ten sets of push-out specimens were designed to investigate the effects of bolt diameter, bolt strength, grout diameter, and panel type. The test results indicate that steel-CLBT connections failed due to bolt shear, whereas those in the steel-CLT connections exhibited failure modes involving grout crushing, timber crushing, and bolt bending. The grouted bolted connections in the steel-CLBT composite system exhibit significantly higher shear capacity and slip stiffness than those in the steel-CLT composite system (shear capacity increased by 45–70% and slip stiffness increased by 1.8–10 times), albeit with lower ductility. In addition, compared with demountable bolted connections, the grouted bolted connections in the steel-CLBT composite system achieve more than a twofold increase in slip stiffness. Finally, based on the different failure modes, the shear capacity and load-slip behavior of various connections were evaluated and predicted.
{"title":"Experimental evaluation on the shear performance of grouted bolt connections in steel-CLT and steel-CLBT composite structures","authors":"Jinwei Lu , Yang Wei , Hao Du , Kang Zhao , Silu Huang , Jiawei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Steel-cross laminated timber (CLT) composite floors have increasingly emerged as an alternative to steel-concrete composite floors due to their sustainability and construction efficiency. In addition, given the superior mechanical properties and resource utilization of cross-laminated bamboo and timber (CLBT), steel-CLBT composite systems hold promise for further enhancing the overall structural performance of steel-timber composite (STC) floors. The composite action of STC systems is governed by the shear performance of their connections. Traditional demountable bolt connections exhibit low stiffness in STC systems. Therefore, this study proposed grouted bolt connections for steel-CLT and steel-CLBT composite structures. Ten sets of push-out specimens were designed to investigate the effects of bolt diameter, bolt strength, grout diameter, and panel type. The test results indicate that steel-CLBT connections failed due to bolt shear, whereas those in the steel-CLT connections exhibited failure modes involving grout crushing, timber crushing, and bolt bending. The grouted bolted connections in the steel-CLBT composite system exhibit significantly higher shear capacity and slip stiffness than those in the steel-CLT composite system (shear capacity increased by 45–70% and slip stiffness increased by 1.8–10 times), albeit with lower ductility. In addition, compared with demountable bolted connections, the grouted bolted connections in the steel-CLBT composite system achieve more than a twofold increase in slip stiffness. Finally, based on the different failure modes, the shear capacity and load-slip behavior of various connections were evaluated and predicted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 114573"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2026.114575
Fazle Rabbi, Mayank Jain, Amin Joodaky
Thin-walled corrugated fiberboard boxes are among the most widely used packaging struc- tures, providing an effective balance of strength, durability, and sustainability across modern sup- ply chains. However, repetitive vibrational loading during transport can erode the adhesive bonds that secure linerboards to fluted media, ultimately leading to delamination and compromised pack- age performance. While static compression and drop-impact behaviors of corrugated board have been well characterized, the influence of continuous vibration on interlayer adhesion remains in- sufficiently understood. In this article, an electro-dynamic shaker has been employed to replicate industry-standard random vibration profiles, and both sheet and box specimens are exposed to controlled vibration durations under representative top-load conditions. Adhesive integrity is as- sessed via 180° peel testing following vibration exposure, with the results contrasted against those of non-vibrated controls. We observe a clear, progressive decline in bond strength as vibration duration increases, accompanied by growing variability in peel performance, which is indicative of cumulative progressive interfacial degradation. Box configurations exhibit more uniform degradation patterns compared to isolated sheet samples, underscoring the importance of board geometry and edge constraints in damage propagation. These findings establish a direct link between transit-induced vibration and interlayer bond deterioration, highlighting a critical fail- ure mode in corrugated packaging. By elucidating the relationship between dynamic loading and adhesive performance, this work provides a foundation for formulating vibration-resistant adhe- sives, optimizing surface treatments, and refining structural designs that maintain integrity under real-world transport conditions. By elucidating vibration-induced interfacial failure mechanisms in corrugated packaging, this study provides mechanistic insight that may inform future refinement of package testing protocols and evaluation metrics. Ultimately, such advances will enhance package reliability, reduce material waste, and support more sustainable, damage-mitigating logistics.
{"title":"Effect of transportation vibration on delamination of corrugated paperboard layers","authors":"Fazle Rabbi, Mayank Jain, Amin Joodaky","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thin-walled corrugated fiberboard boxes are among the most widely used packaging struc- tures, providing an effective balance of strength, durability, and sustainability across modern sup- ply chains. However, repetitive vibrational loading during transport can erode the adhesive bonds that secure linerboards to fluted media, ultimately leading to delamination and compromised pack- age performance. While static compression and drop-impact behaviors of corrugated board have been well characterized, the influence of continuous vibration on interlayer adhesion remains in- sufficiently understood. In this article, an electro-dynamic shaker has been employed to replicate industry-standard random vibration profiles, and both sheet and box specimens are exposed to controlled vibration durations under representative top-load conditions. Adhesive integrity is as- sessed via 180° peel testing following vibration exposure, with the results contrasted against those of non-vibrated controls. We observe a clear, progressive decline in bond strength as vibration duration increases, accompanied by growing variability in peel performance, which is indicative of cumulative progressive interfacial degradation. Box configurations exhibit more uniform degradation patterns compared to isolated sheet samples, underscoring the importance of board geometry and edge constraints in damage propagation. These findings establish a direct link between transit-induced vibration and interlayer bond deterioration, highlighting a critical fail- ure mode in corrugated packaging. By elucidating the relationship between dynamic loading and adhesive performance, this work provides a foundation for formulating vibration-resistant adhe- sives, optimizing surface treatments, and refining structural designs that maintain integrity under real-world transport conditions. By elucidating vibration-induced interfacial failure mechanisms in corrugated packaging, this study provides mechanistic insight that may inform future refinement of package testing protocols and evaluation metrics. Ultimately, such advances will enhance package reliability, reduce material waste, and support more sustainable, damage-mitigating logistics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114575"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2026.114574
Bo Fang , Shuai Chen , Zuqing Yu , Qinglong Tian , Dengqing Cao
Articulated multiple-plate structures (AMPSs) use elastic hinges to facilitate folding and deployment, yet encounter nonlinearities and multi-frequency excitations, which result in complicated multi-mode coupling and nonlinear dynamic behaviors. To further understand the mechanism of multi-mode coupling and the influence of multi-frequency excitation, this study investigates the 1:1 internal resonance of the AMPS induced by mode interchanging under two-harmonic excitation. The explicit mode functions are derived using the Rayleigh-Ritz method, in which the deformations of the plate are expressed by orthogonal characteristic polynomials, and the hinge constraints are described via Lagrange multipliers. The mode interchanging phenomenon between the bending and torsional modes is discovered by varying the hinge linear stiffness. Single-mode resonance and 1:1 internal resonance under primary and order-1/3 subharmonic resonance excitations are analyzed to investigate the nonlinear oscillations and stability characteristics of the coupling modes. The averaged equations governing the steady-state responses are derived using the method of multiple scales. Resonance analysis demonstrates that although the vertical base excitation only weakly stimulates the torsional mode, its resonance peaks, response amplitudes, and bifurcation behaviors are significantly influenced by the plate-rigid bending mode through 1:1 internal resonance. The system exhibits pronounced bi-stability and tri-stability, with subharmonic resonance introducing additional bifurcation points, localized resonance peaks, and jump phenomena. Larger hinge cubic stiffness and excitation amplitude, along with lower damping, significantly enhance the multi-mode coupling and the subharmonic resonance, thereby expanding the multi-stable regions. The internal detuning parameter notably affects the position and amplitude of the primary resonance peak as well as the subharmonic resonance regions of the torsional mode, while having minimal effect on the bending mode. This study elucidates the nonlinear resonance mechanisms of the AMPS under multi-frequency excitation, providing valuable insights for optimizing structural parameters, avoiding detrimental resonances, and preventing dynamic instabilities.
{"title":"On evolution analysis of mode interchanging induced nonlinear vibration of an articulated multi-plate structure subjected to two-harmonic excitation","authors":"Bo Fang , Shuai Chen , Zuqing Yu , Qinglong Tian , Dengqing Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Articulated multiple-plate structures (AMPSs) use elastic hinges to facilitate folding and deployment, yet encounter nonlinearities and multi-frequency excitations, which result in complicated multi-mode coupling and nonlinear dynamic behaviors. To further understand the mechanism of multi-mode coupling and the influence of multi-frequency excitation, this study investigates the 1:1 internal resonance of the AMPS induced by mode interchanging under two-harmonic excitation. The explicit mode functions are derived using the Rayleigh-Ritz method, in which the deformations of the plate are expressed by orthogonal characteristic polynomials, and the hinge constraints are described via Lagrange multipliers. The mode interchanging phenomenon between the bending and torsional modes is discovered by varying the hinge linear stiffness. Single-mode resonance and 1:1 internal resonance under primary and order-1/3 subharmonic resonance excitations are analyzed to investigate the nonlinear oscillations and stability characteristics of the coupling modes. The averaged equations governing the steady-state responses are derived using the method of multiple scales. Resonance analysis demonstrates that although the vertical base excitation only weakly stimulates the torsional mode, its resonance peaks, response amplitudes, and bifurcation behaviors are significantly influenced by the plate-rigid bending mode through 1:1 internal resonance. The system exhibits pronounced bi-stability and tri-stability, with subharmonic resonance introducing additional bifurcation points, localized resonance peaks, and jump phenomena. Larger hinge cubic stiffness and excitation amplitude, along with lower damping, significantly enhance the multi-mode coupling and the subharmonic resonance, thereby expanding the multi-stable regions. The internal detuning parameter notably affects the position and amplitude of the primary resonance peak as well as the subharmonic resonance regions of the torsional mode, while having minimal effect on the bending mode. This study elucidates the nonlinear resonance mechanisms of the AMPS under multi-frequency excitation, providing valuable insights for optimizing structural parameters, avoiding detrimental resonances, and preventing dynamic instabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 114574"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2026.114577
Ivan Yu. Ermienko, Maria A. Surmeneva, Roman A. Surmenev
This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the property landscape characterising auxetic mechanical metamaterials – artificially engineered structures with a negative Poisson’s ratio. Unlike studies focused on single geometries, the current one globally aggregates quantitative data across seven distinct deformation mechanisms: re-entrant, chiral, rotating units, buckling-induced, helical yarn, fibril–nodule, and crumpled topologies. The comparative analysis reveals a fundamental dichotomy: while hybrid and fibril–nodule systems achieve extremely negative Poisson’s ratios (down to −30), they invariably sacrifice stiffness (normalised modulus < 0.01). In contrast, buckling-induced and specific composite architectures overcome this limitation, offering superior normalised stiffness (up to ∼0.35) suitable for structural applications. The evaluation of manufacturing feasibility demonstrates that while additive manufacturing provides the highest geometric complexity for metals and polymers, scalability is better achieved through textile, casting, and moulding techniques applied to composites and ceramics. Furthermore, our analysis confirms the ‘stiffness–auxeticity’ trade-off inherent in bending-dominated strut-based designs, which is consistent with theoretical models. Consequently, future research must pivot from cataloguing new geometries to a multi-objective optimisation approach that integrates fracture mechanics and develops robust, scalable production methods beyond laboratory prototyping.
{"title":"А review of the structure–property relationships and key applications of auxetic metamaterials","authors":"Ivan Yu. Ermienko, Maria A. Surmeneva, Roman A. Surmenev","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the property landscape characterising auxetic mechanical metamaterials – artificially engineered structures with a negative Poisson’s ratio. Unlike studies focused on single geometries, the current one globally aggregates quantitative data across seven distinct deformation mechanisms: re-entrant, chiral, rotating units, buckling-induced, helical yarn, fibril–nodule, and crumpled topologies. The comparative analysis reveals a fundamental dichotomy: while hybrid and fibril–nodule systems achieve extremely negative Poisson’s ratios (down to −30), they invariably sacrifice stiffness (normalised modulus < 0.01). In contrast, buckling-induced and specific composite architectures overcome this limitation, offering superior normalised stiffness (up to ∼0.35) suitable for structural applications. The evaluation of manufacturing feasibility demonstrates that while additive manufacturing provides the highest geometric complexity for metals and polymers, scalability is better achieved through textile, casting, and moulding techniques applied to composites and ceramics. Furthermore, our analysis confirms the ‘stiffness–auxeticity’ trade-off inherent in bending-dominated strut-based designs, which is consistent with theoretical models. Consequently, future research must pivot from cataloguing new geometries to a multi-objective optimisation approach that integrates fracture mechanics and develops robust, scalable production methods beyond laboratory prototyping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114577"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three-dimensional woven structures with variable thickness hold enormous potential for improving the performance of fan blades. However, current woven dovetail equivalent analysis methods fail to provide detailed characteristics of local micro-scale damage evolution. In this study, a high-precision dovetail model for fan blades was established, which transcended the representative volume element (RVE) equivalent method by directly imposing boundary conditions on the mesoscale model. This intuitively and elaborately reveals the progressive damage process of complex variable-cross-section woven structures. Equivalent mechanical properties of mesoscale fiber bundles were obtained, and the instantaneous failure characteristics of unidirectional fiber specimens were captured via a high-speed camera. The dovetail model was constructed by comprehensively characterizing the geometric morphology and orientation of the fiber bundle. The result showed that initial damage initiated at the neck of the dovetail, with cracks propagating inward parallel to the other contact surface of the fixture. Three damage modes were identified, i.e., inter-fiber-bundle compressive damage, matrix cracking, and fiber bundle fracture, among which warp yarn fracture is the dominant failure mode for structural collapse. The surface region at the dovetail neck bears the maximum stress of approximately 3323.09 MPa, with stress abruptly decreasing toward the interior of the structure. The dovetail is divided into five parts, and Part 4, located at the specimen’s neck, exhibits the maximum elastic modulus of around 380 GPa. This study provides profound implications for designing variable-cross-section woven structures.
{"title":"A mesoscale progressive damage analysis method for woven dovetail structures","authors":"Zijian Wang , Yukun Zhang , Yong Chen , Hua Ouyang","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three-dimensional woven structures with variable thickness hold enormous potential for improving the performance of fan blades. However, current woven dovetail equivalent analysis methods fail to provide detailed characteristics of local micro-scale damage evolution. In this study, a high-precision dovetail model for fan blades was established, which transcended the representative volume element (RVE) equivalent method by directly imposing boundary conditions on the mesoscale model. This intuitively and elaborately reveals the progressive damage process of complex variable-cross-section woven structures. Equivalent mechanical properties of mesoscale fiber bundles were obtained, and the instantaneous failure characteristics of unidirectional fiber specimens were captured via a high-speed camera. The dovetail model was constructed by comprehensively characterizing the geometric morphology and orientation of the fiber bundle. The result showed that initial damage initiated at the neck of the dovetail, with cracks propagating inward parallel to the other contact surface of the fixture. Three damage modes were identified, i.e., inter-fiber-bundle compressive damage, matrix cracking, and fiber bundle fracture, among which warp yarn fracture is the dominant failure mode for structural collapse. The surface region at the dovetail neck bears the maximum stress of approximately 3323.09 MPa, with stress abruptly decreasing toward the interior of the structure. The dovetail is divided into five parts, and Part 4, located at the specimen’s neck, exhibits the maximum elastic modulus of around 380 GPa. This study provides profound implications for designing variable-cross-section woven structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114578"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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