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Damage Identification Analyses of a Historic Masonry Structure in T-F Domain 某历史砖石结构T-F区损伤识别分析
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.426728
K. Beyen
Fatih mosque, a landmark structure in Istanbul, has suffered structural damage during 1999 Kocaeli earthquake. Using spectral, time-domain (OKID/ERA for SISO and MIMO models) and T-F domain ( WT, HHT ) techniques on ambient vibrations, damage identification has been performed. Results of parametric and spectral analyses indicate close global peaks. Northwest arch ( O 3 ) that was expected to move in harmony with other arches cannot display such a consistent behavior and produces additional local frequency at 24Hz due to disintegrated stones around the crown. Southeast arch ( O 1 ) also has comparable damage producing another locality at 38Hz. Extending linear approaches into nonl inear-nonstationary methods, WT and HHT improved the results in the temporal-frequency energy distribution. Estimated individual and global structural behavior are consistent with visually inspected damage states for O 3 and O 1 . On a global scale, damage additionally generates significant nonstationarity. D ecompositions in WT and HHT show the capability of identifying nonlinear-nonstationary process hidden in the data. T-F analysis detects and localizes any anomalous system behavior and can adequately capture the dynamical behavior of damage in any instrumented part of the structure at any particular time epoch. For historical masonry structures with vulnerable components like large central dome and arches that have low redundancy, there is a need to develop automatic signal/image processing through image processing, machine vision, and pattern recognition for early diagnosis and prognosis for warning of gradually emerging structural degradations.
法提赫清真寺是伊斯坦布尔的一座标志性建筑,在1999年科卡埃利地震中遭受了结构性破坏。使用频谱、时域(SISO和MIMO模型的OKID/ERA)和T-F域(WT、HHT)技术对环境振动进行了损伤识别。参数和光谱分析的结果表明接近的全局峰值。西北拱(O3)原本预计会与其他拱协调移动,但由于牙冠周围的石块崩解,它无法表现出如此一致的行为,并在24Hz处产生额外的局部频率。东南拱(O1)也有类似的损伤,在38Hz时产生另一个位置。将线性方法扩展到非线性非平稳方法中,WT和HHT改进了时间频率能量分布的结果。对于O3和O1,估计的单个和全局结构行为与目视检查的损伤状态一致。在全球范围内,损害还会产生显著的非平稳性。WT和HHT中的D估计显示了识别隐藏在数据中的非线性非平稳过程的能力。T-F分析可以检测和定位任何异常系统行为,并可以充分捕捉在任何特定时间段结构的任何仪器部件中的损伤动态行为。对于具有易损部件的历史砌体结构,如具有低冗余度的大型中央穹顶和拱门,需要通过图像处理、机器视觉和模式识别来开发自动信号/图像处理,用于早期诊断和预测,以警告逐渐出现的结构退化。
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引用次数: 5
DBYBHY-2007 ve TBDY-2018 Esas Alınarak Boyutlandırılan MÇÇÇ’lerin Deprem Performanslarının Karşılaştırılması DBYBHY-2007和TBDY-2018通过基底凹陷性能测量的测量值比较
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.620816
Mehmet Bakır Bozkurt, Barış Serin
Bu calismada, Deprem Bolgelerinde Yapilacak Binalar Hakkinda Yonetmelik 2007 (DBYBHY-2007) ve Turkiye Bina Deprem Yonetmeligi 2018 (TBDY-2018) esaslarina gore tasarlanmis 3, 6 ve 9 katli toplam alti adet ters-V ve parcali-X tipi merkezi caprazli celik cercevelerin (MCCC’lerin) dinamik performanslari karsilastirilmistir. DBYBHY-2007 ve TBDY-2018’de tanimlanan 50 yilda asilma olasiligi %2 olan en buyuk deprem yer hareketine gore olceklendirilen uzak alan kayitli 44 adet deprem yer hareketi altinda Opensees yazilimi kullanilarak toplam 1056 adet zaman tanim alaninda dogrusal olmayan analizler gerceklestirilmistir. Elde edilen sonuclar, hem ters-V hem de parcali-X tipi MCCC’lerde TBDY-2018 esaslarina gore boyutlandirilan yapilarin daha guvenilir oldugunu gostermistir.
在本分析中,卡普拉兹利单元类型(MCCC’s)卡普拉兹里单元类型2007(DBYBHY-2007)和土耳其建筑Deprem Yonetmelig 2018(TBDY-2018)的每平方英寸三层、六层和九层的动态性能为carsilastic。DBYBHY-2007和TBDY-2018被诊断为世界上50年来地震发生率最高的两个地震,在Opensees软件的运行下有44次地震报告,在定义领域共进行了1056次非自然分析。所取得的结果是,植物在TBDY-2018方面更受尊重,包括反向-V和部分-X MCCC。
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引用次数: 2
Corrosion Behavior of Rebars Embedded in Alkali-Activated and Conventional Reactive Powder Concretes 碱活性和常规活性粉末混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀行为
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.478154
Hüseyin Yiğiter, A. Beglarigale, S. Aydın, B. Baradan
The present study investigated the corrosion behavior of reinforcement bars embedded in alkali-activated (ARPC) and conventional (CRPC) reactive powder concretes. Corrosion progress in 3.5% NaCl solution, water and air environments were monitored up to 365 days. The physical and mechanical characteristics, such as water absorption, rapid chloride ion permeability, compressive and flexural strength, and corrosion characteristics, such as half cell potential and corrosion current intensity results were compared for ARPC and CRPC matrices. Even for the same mechanical performance, alkali-activated mortars were found to have a high permeable structure and an early depassivation of the rebars occurred. In the propagation stage of chloride induced corrosion, almost 13 times higher corrosion current intensity values were measured as well as earlier deterioration and cracking was observed for ARPC compared to CRPC.
本研究研究了嵌入碱活性(ARPC)和常规(CRPC)活性粉末混凝土中的钢筋的腐蚀行为。对3.5%NaCl溶液、水和空气环境中的腐蚀过程进行了长达365天的监测。比较了ARPC和CRPC基体的物理和机械特性,如吸水性、快速氯离子渗透性、抗压和抗弯强度,以及腐蚀特性,如半电池电位和腐蚀电流强度结果。即使在相同的机械性能下,也发现碱活化砂浆具有高渗透性结构,并且钢筋出现早期去钝化。在氯化物诱导腐蚀的扩展阶段,与CRPC相比,ARPC的腐蚀电流强度值几乎高出13倍,并且观察到更早的劣化和开裂。
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引用次数: 1
Effect of Modeling Beam-Column Joints on Performance Assessment of Columns in Non-Ductile RC Frames 梁柱节点建模对非延性钢筋混凝土框架柱性能评估的影响
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.456752
S. C. Girgin
Seismic performance evaluation of non-seismically detailed reinforced concrete buildings requires proper analytical modeling approaches for beam-column joints which are most vulnerable parts. This study investigates the influence of beam column joint modeling assumptions on performance evaluation of non-ductile RC buildings. Numerical simulation model includes truss-based elements for beam-column connections and fiber-based elements for beams and columns. Two-dimensional four- and six- story reinforced concrete frames of an existing RC building are designed and analyzed by conducting incremental dynamic analyses. Column chord rotations and corresponding strains are compared with code provisions for performance assessment of non-ductile RC frames.
无震细部钢筋混凝土建筑的抗震性能评价要求采用合适的梁柱节点分析建模方法,梁柱节点是最脆弱的部位。本文研究了梁柱节点建模假设对非延性钢筋混凝土建筑性能评价的影响。数值模拟模型包括梁柱连接的桁架单元和梁柱连接的纤维单元。采用增量动力分析方法对某既有钢筋混凝土建筑的二维四层和六层钢筋混凝土框架进行了设计和分析。将柱弦旋转和相应应变与非延性钢筋混凝土框架性能评估规范的规定进行了比较。
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引用次数: 1
Corrosion and Chloride Diffusivity of Reinforced Concrete Cracked under Sustained Flexure 钢筋混凝土在持续弯曲下的腐蚀与氯离子扩散
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.430536
N. Ozyurt, T. A. Söylev, T. Özturan, A. Pehlivan, A. Niş
This research discusses the chloride diffusivity of concrete as well as corrosion performance of rebars in cracked and uncracked states. Prismatic concrete specimens with two water-to-cement ratios, two concrete cover thicknesses with and without steel fibers were used. Three-point flexural loading was applied to form cracks and cracks were sustained by a bolt system. Half-cell potential and corrosion rate measurements were carried out following wetting – drying cycles in chloride environment which were continued for 80 weeks. The positive effects of lower water – to – cement ratio and greater cover depth were found to be surpassed by existence of cracks in concrete.
本研究讨论了混凝土的氯离子扩散率以及钢筋在开裂和未开裂状态下的腐蚀性能。使用了具有两种水灰比、两种混凝土保护层厚度(含和不含钢纤维)的棱柱混凝土试样。施加三点弯曲载荷形成裂纹,裂纹由螺栓系统支撑。半电池电位和腐蚀速率测量是在氯化物环境中持续80周的润湿-干燥循环之后进行的。混凝土中裂缝的存在超过了较低的水灰比和较大的覆盖深度的积极影响。
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引用次数: 5
Lightweight Cellular Hollow Concrete Blocks Containing Volcanic Tuff Powder, Expanded Clay and Diatomite for Non-Load Bearing Walls 非承重墙用含火山凝灰岩粉、膨胀粘土和硅藻土的轻质蜂窝空心混凝土砌块
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.426034
L. Gündüz, Şevket Onur Kalkan
Lightweight cellular hollow concrete (LCHC) block is a type of masonry unit manufactured by precast technique. LCHC block is produced by the mixing of Portland cement, volcanic tuff powder, expanded clay aggregate and diatomite for building applications. LCHC blocks are lightweight and being frequent cellular hollow cleavages, give excellent thermal and acoustic performance, fire resistance and high weathering resistance to the buildings. In this research work, LCHC blocks with 28 different mixture batches were cast into a mould with vibro-compacting, de-moulded immediately and transferred to a storage area for curing up to 120 days in normal air condition. Totally 21 cellular space with 10 mm in width were placed in the block design. For each mixture, twenty four block samples were prepared and tested in the air dry condition for compressive strength and water absorption in accordance with BS 1881: Part 116. This paper initially examines how volcanic tuff powder affect the characteristics of lightweight concrete masonry mixtures and also investigates the use of quartet blends containing volcanic tuff powder, expanded clay aggregate, diatomite and cement to produce LCHC blocks for walls and partitions.
轻质多孔空心混凝土砌块是一种采用预制技术制造的砌体单元。LCHC砌块由波特兰水泥、火山凝灰岩粉、膨胀粘土骨料和硅藻土混合而成,用于建筑应用。LCHC砌块重量轻,经常出现蜂窝中空劈裂,为建筑物提供了出色的热学和声学性能,耐火性能和高耐候性。在这项研究工作中,28个不同混合批次的LCHC块通过振冲压实浇铸到模具中,立即脱模,并转移到存储区域,在正常空气条件下固化120天。在块体设计中,共有21个宽度为10毫米的单元空间。根据BS 1881:第116部分,对每种混合物制备24块样品,并在空气干燥条件下测试抗压强度和吸水率。本文首先研究了火山凝灰岩粉如何影响轻质混凝土砌体混合物的特性,并研究了含有火山凝灰岩粉、膨胀粘土骨料、硅藻土和水泥的四重混合物的使用,以生产用于墙壁和隔墙的LCHC砌块。
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引用次数: 7
Improvement on Flexural Performance of UHPFRC with Hybrid Steel Fiber 混杂钢纤维对UHPFRC抗弯性能的改善
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.485565
A. Yavas, Tamer Birol, Kaan Türker, Umut Hasgül, Halit Yazici
This study investigates the flexural behavior of Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) with hybrid steel fiber referencing the ASTM standard C 1609. Two types of end-hooked fibers in macro fiber concretes and one type short straight fiber in micro fiber concretes were used in mono and hybrid forms. In order to determine the flexural response of UHPFRC, a series of prismatic beam specimens with a dimension of 100 x 100 x 400 mm were tested under the four-point loading and following parameters were compared and discussed in terms of the first cracking load and pattern, flexural strength, deflection capacity, toughness and residual strength capacity under bending loads. The test results showed that as the fiber amount of specimens with the mono fiber increases, in general, better flexural behavior may be ensured. It should be also noted that the hybrid use enhanced the flexural behavior compared to the macro fiber usage.
参考ASTM c1609标准,研究了混合钢纤维的超高性能纤维增强混凝土(UHPFRC)的抗弯性能。大纤维混凝土中采用两种端钩型纤维,微纤维混凝土中采用一种短直型纤维。为了确定UHPFRC的抗弯响应,对尺寸为100 × 100 × 400 mm的一系列柱形梁试件在四点荷载下进行了试验,并从首次开裂荷载和模式、抗弯强度、挠曲能力、韧性和抗弯残余强度能力等方面进行了比较和讨论。试验结果表明,随着单纤维试件纤维量的增加,一般可以保证较好的抗弯性能。还应该指出的是,与使用宏纤维相比,混合纤维的使用增强了抗弯性能。
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引用次数: 4
Experimental Investigation of Using Sandwich Panels as Infill Plate in a Steel Plate Shear Wall 夹芯板作为钢板剪力墙填充板的试验研究
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.559036
S. Dusak, C. Yalçın, A. N. Yelgin
A total of five specimens were designed to investigate the cyclic behavior of infill panels made from various materials such as thin-walled steel sheets and corrugated sandwich panels. First, two specimens were prepared to act as shear walls by connecting sandwich panels, which are normally used as architectural partition walls in steel buildings, to a steel frame using appropriate connections. Then, a specimen with a single steel plate was designed. The final specimen was prepared by removing the polyurethane material from inside the sandwich panel and only steel plates were attached to both faces of the frame. This way, it was possible to examine the effect of the polyurethane material inside the sandwich panel and the corrugated steel plate on system behavior. Finally, a bare frame was prepared as a control specimen. For this experimental study, single-story, single-bay steel frames of semi-rigid beam to column connections were prepared with a scale ratio of 1:3. In all specimens, the infill plates were fastened to the frame connection profiles using self-drilling screws and the prepared specimens were compared in terms of their maximum load capacity, initial stiffness, ductility and energy dissipation capacity values under cyclic loading. The experimental and analytical investigations showed that, like steel plate infills, the specimens with sandwich panels also behaved in a ductile manner with relatively lower load and energy dissipation capacity. The results of the computer model analyses were then compared with the experimental results and they were found to be compatible with the analytical results.
共设计了五个试样来研究由薄壁钢板和波纹夹芯板等各种材料制成的填充板的循环性能。首先,通过使用适当的连接件将通常用作钢结构建筑隔墙的夹芯板连接到钢框架,制备了两个用作剪力墙的试样。然后,设计了一个带有单个钢板的试样。通过从夹芯板内部去除聚氨酯材料来制备最终样品,并且只有钢板连接到框架的两面。通过这种方式,可以检测夹芯板和波纹钢板内部的聚氨酯材料对系统行为的影响。最后,制备了一个裸框架作为对照样品。在本试验研究中,制备了比例为1:3的单层单开间半刚性梁柱连接钢框架。在所有试件中,使用自钻螺钉将填充板固定在框架连接型材上,并对制备的试件在循环荷载下的最大承载力、初始刚度、延性和耗能能力值进行比较。实验和分析研究表明,与钢板填充物一样,夹层板试件也表现出韧性,具有相对较低的荷载和耗能能力。然后将计算机模型分析的结果与实验结果进行比较,发现它们与分析结果一致。
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引用次数: 2
Evaluation of Glass Granule Size Effect on Water Damage Performance in Asphalt Mixtures 玻璃颗粒尺寸对沥青混合料水损伤性能影响的评价
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.504698
E. Iskender, A. Sayin, A. Aksoy, Cansu Iskender
Economic growth and the increase in the population trigger consumption and increase the amount of waste produced. One of the resulting wastes is glass and using of these large amount of glass waste materials by environmental methods is seen as an important issue. On the other hand, there are difficulties due to the decrease of natural resources in the supply of aggregates used in asphalt pavements. In this study, the use of waste glass instead of natural aggregates in asphalt pavements was investigated in terms of water damage. In addition to base bitumen, hydrated lime modified and SBS modified bitumen were used in experimental studies. The waste glass was added in two different sizes (as filler materials and 2 mm sized fine aggregate) and three addition ratios (20%, 30% and 40%) instead of basalt aggregates. The asphalt mix samples produced in optimum bitumen contents were evaluated for water damage by AASHTO T 283 method. Asphalt mixture with 20% glass filler showed the highest water damage resistance. Among the options where the glass aggregate size was chosen as 2 mm, the highest water damage resistance was realized at addition rate of 30%. Both hydrated lime and SBS polymer were effective in improving water damage resistance. However, the highest tensile strength ratio was obtained with hydrated lime. The optimum bitumen contents of the mixtures with glass aggregates produced with both base and modified bitumen were decreased compared to that produced entirely with basalt aggregate. According to the test results, it is understood that the filler materials produced from waste glasses can be used instead of natural aggregate filler.
经济增长和人口增长引发了消费,并增加了产生的废物量。由此产生的废物之一是玻璃,通过环保方法利用这些大量的玻璃废料被视为一个重要问题。另一方面,由于自然资源的减少,沥青路面用骨料的供应也存在困难。本研究以废玻璃代替天然集料用于沥青路面的水损伤研究。除基础沥青外,还采用水合石灰改性沥青和SBS改性沥青进行了实验研究。用两种不同粒径(填料和2mm细骨料)和三种添加比例(20%、30%和40%)的废玻璃代替玄武岩骨料。采用AASHTO t283方法对最佳沥青掺量下的沥青混合料样品进行水损害评价。掺加20%玻璃的沥青混合料抗水破坏性能最高。当玻璃骨料粒径为2 mm时,掺量为30%时,抗水损伤性能最高。水合石灰和SBS聚合物均能有效提高材料的抗水损伤能力。然而,水合石灰的拉伸强度比最高。与完全用玄武岩骨料生产的混合料相比,用基础沥青和改性沥青生产的玻璃骨料混合料的最佳沥青含量降低。根据试验结果了解,用废玻璃生产的填料可以代替天然骨料填料。
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引用次数: 2
Türk Deprem Yönetmeliklerinin (DBYBHY ve TBDY) Sismik İzolatör Tasarımı Özelinde Karşılaştırılması 详细比较土耳其地震管理系统隔振器设计(DBYBHY和TBDY)
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-10-02 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.713068
Hicran Erdoğdu, Esengül Çavdar, Gökhan Özdemir
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引用次数: 0
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