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Sediment Incipient Motion in Sewer with a Bed Deposit 有河床沉积物的下水道中沉积物的起动运动
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.572529
W. Mohtar, Charles Bong Hin Joo, Aminuddin Ab. Ghani, M. Safari, H. Afan, A. El-shafie
This paper analyses experimental data on sediment incipient motion with varying sediment bed thickness (of d50, 5, 10 and 24 mm). Sediment particles (with sizes ranging from 0.5 mm to 4.78 mm) were used to evaluate the effect of deposited bed. Variation of shear velocity estimation was investigated where the critical Shields parameter was expressed using bedslope product u∗cb, log-law u∗cl and was extended in terms of critical mean velocity. The critical Shields parameters obtained were significantly lower than the traditional Shields curve when u∗cl was used compared to u∗cb. Higher critical mean velocity is needed for shallower deposits.
本文分析了不同沙床厚度(d50、5、10和24mm)的泥沙起动试验数据。沉积物颗粒(尺寸范围为0.5 mm至4.78 mm)用于评估沉积床的影响。研究了剪切速度估计的变化,其中临界希尔兹参数使用床坡积u*cb、对数定律u*cl表示,并根据临界平均速度进行了扩展。与u*cb相比,当使用u*cl时,获得的临界希尔兹参数明显低于传统的希尔兹曲线。较浅的矿床需要更高的临界平均速度。
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引用次数: 2
Effects of Gilsonite on performance properties of bitumen Gilsonite对沥青性能的影响
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.783300
P. Ahmedzade, O. AlQudah, Taylan Günay, T. Geçkil
The effectiveness of natural Gilsonite on the performance properties of modified bitumens was studied. Three samples having different ratios of Gilsonite that are 6%, 8% and 10% by weight of base bitumen which was PG 64-16 grade were prepared. The physical properties and storage stabilities of four samples were investigated by means of conventional tests. The short-term and long-term aging processes of bitumens were conducted with rolling thin oven and pressure aging vessel tests, respectively. Rheological properties of bitumens were examined by means of Superpave tests such as rotational viscosity, dynamic shear rheometer and bending beam rheometer. After the rheological study, the low and high temperature performance classes of bitumens were determined by the Superpave specification. The results showed that natural Gilsonite-modified bitumens provide improvement in rheological and physical properties of bitumen, and were found highly compatible with base bitumen. Gilsonite additive significantly increased stiffness and viscosity of bitumen, and improved the resistance against fatigue cracking and rutting of bitumen, without causing a reduction in thermal cracking resistance of bitumen.
研究了天然Gilsonite对改性沥青性能的影响。制备了三种不同比例的Gilsonite样品,分别为PG 64-16级基础沥青重量的6%、8%和10%。采用常规试验方法对四种样品的物理性质和贮存稳定性进行了研究。采用滚动薄烘箱和压力老化容器分别对沥青进行了短期和长期老化试验。采用Superpave旋转粘度仪、动态剪切流变仪和弯曲梁流变仪对沥青的流变特性进行了研究。通过流变学研究,根据Superpave规范确定了沥青的低温和高温性能等级。结果表明,天然gilsonoil改性沥青改善了沥青的流变性能和物理性能,并与基础沥青具有良好的相容性。Gilsonite添加剂显著提高了沥青的刚度和粘度,提高了沥青的抗疲劳开裂和车辙性能,而不降低沥青的抗热裂性。
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引用次数: 0
İnceltilmiş Uçlu Önüretimli Aşık Kirişlerinin Yük Taşıma Kapasitelerinin Deneysel ve Analitik Olarak İrdelenmesi
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.667066
Ceyhun Aksoylu, Yasin Onuralp Özkılıç, Şakir Yazman, Lokman Gemi, Musa Hakan Arslan
Turkiye’de insaat sektoru 1960’li yillarin sonu itibari ile beton prefabrikasyon ile tanismistir. Prefabrike olarak uretilen yapilar seri uretimlerinin ve montajlarinin hizli olmasindan dolayi ozellikle sanayi yapilarinda daha fazla tercih edilmislerdir. Bu yapi turunun en buyuk dezavantaji ozellikle mafsalli birlesim bolgelerinde olusan hasarlardir. Cati kirisleri ile asik kirislerinin birlestigi bolgelerde de baglanti genellikle mafsalli olarak gerceklestirilir. Bundan dolayi mesnet bolgelerinde teorik olarak moment olusmamakta ve bu tip kirislerin kesit tesirleri basit mesnetli kirislerde oldugu gibi hesaplanmaktadir. Ancak asik inceltilmis uc bolgelerinde yogunlasan kesme kuvveti, kesme gerilmelerinin artmasina neden oldugundan bu bolgenin detaylandirilmasi icin bir takim ozel tasarim kurallari ilgili standartlarda yer almistir. Bu birlesim bolgelerinde ozellikle etkili ve uzun sureli kar yagislarindan sonra catida biriken yogun kar neticesinde hasarlar gozlemlenmektedir. Bu hasarlar nispeten daha eski prefabrike yapi stokunda bulunanlar basta olmak uzere inceltilmis uclu asik kirisleri icin onemli bir risk olusturmaktadir. Bu calismada, simdiye kadar kapsamli olarak arastirilmamis olan inceltilmis uclu asiklarin dusey yuk etkisi altinda davranislari, asiklarin degisen mekanik parametrelerine gore deneysel ve numerik olarak incelenmistir. Ilk olarak yururlukteki standartlara uygun olan ve olmayan iki adet asik kirisinin deneyleri gerceklestirilmistir. Ardindan yine standarda uygun bir adet asik kiris inceltilmis uc hasarinin onlenlenmesi amaciyla CFRP ile guclendirilerek test edilmistir. Daha sonra ABAQUS programiyla modellenen asiklardan elde edilen sonuclar ile deneysel calisma sonuclari ile dogrulanmistir. Tum deneysel sonuclarla numerik modelleme sonuclarinin oldukca yakin oldugu gorulmustur. Numerik model numunelerinde gozlenen hasarlar ile deneylerde olusan hasarlarin benzer olmasi yeni parametrik calismalarda numerik modellerin kullanilabilecegini gostermistir. Dogrulamanin ardindan asiklarin mekanik ozellikleri ile guclendirme alternatiflerine bagli bir dizi parametrik calisma numerik olarak gerceklestirilmistir. Parametrik calismada; ozellikle mevcut asiklarda beton basinc dayanimi, donati cekme dayanimi ve asik kirislerin uretiminde kullanilan ongerme seviyesinin tasarlanandan farkli olabilecegi dusuncesiyle bir parametre olarak degerlendirilmistir. Ayrica karbon elyaf takviyeli polimer (CFRP) kumas ile guclendirilen ve yonetmelige gore tasarlanmayan asiklarin davranisi da yine parametrik calisma kisminda incelenmistir. Parametrik calismanin sonuclarina gore beton basinc dayanimi daha etkin olmakla beraber beton ve celik dayaniminin artisi ile kesme kapasitesinde onemli olcude artis saglandigi gorulmustur. Elde edilen sonuclarda ongerme degeri artisinin kapasiteye hatiri sayilir bir etki saglamadigi gorulmustur. CFRP ile guclendirilen numunelerde asigin yuk tasima kapasitesinin %50’ye arttigi ve hasarin inceltilmis uc bolgesi disina
20世纪60年代末,土耳其的人类部门被诊断为患有癌症的混凝土预制。前言:在工业结构中,输尿管系列装置和登山者更受青睐,因为他们很小心。如果你在柔软的混合物中,这种作物最好的设计就是破坏。酸性回路与cati回路的结合通常可以通过可移动的化合物来实现。因此,这些光标具有积极影响并不是理论上的,但它们也被计算为简单的网格光标。然而,如果没有酸性分析效果,由于切割张力的增加,切割力将被臭氧设计规则的进一步细节标准所取代。在这些大院里,破坏将受到严重影响,并在大教堂遭遇长期雪灾后受损。这些损伤会导致十分之一的预先制备的酸性酸水平较低,从而导致前驱物水平较低。在这种钙中,不与对称性积分的分析轴将作为实验进行测试,并对未被吸收到轴中的机械参数进行数值测试。我是维吾尔族人,我是一名优秀的维吾尔族人。再次,非抽象kiris分析的标准标准偏差已经用CFRP进行了在线危害测试。随后,将实验校准结果与ABAQUS程序模拟的酸的结果进行了比较。图姆的实验结果表明,数值模拟的结果是接近的。如果您在数字模型样本中遇到损坏和伤害,可以使用新参数calims中的数字模型来模拟数字。数值计算了一系列与出生后酸的机械疲劳的纺纱替代品有关的参数calism。校准参数;在当前的酸中,混凝土碱量被描述为一个参数,该参数可能与数据罐的脲中使用的ongerma液位的设计不同。此外,二氧化碳纤维聚合物(CFRP)的行为受到葡萄糖和非二氧化碳纤维酸的控制,这并不是为了改善纤维-纤维-纤维的性能。参数钙的结果是,混凝土和蜂窝阻力的切割能力和蜂窝阻力降低到11个艺术家,这比混凝土更有效。这是一个很好的例子。在CFRP样品中,酸性tasma容量增加了50%,并导致损伤。CFRP模型的替代方案各不相同,建议使用最佳旋转选项进行参数校准。通过这种分析,同化耳酸的tasarimina数据是由一些因素产生的。
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引用次数: 6
Development of an Internal Safety Evaluation Program for Ready Mixed Concrete Producers 预拌混凝土生产商内部安全评价程序的制定
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.699837
Özge A. Kale
The aim of this study is to assist the safety specialists and departments in ready mixed concrete (RMC) industry by preparing an internal safety evaluation program (ISEP). To constitute an ISEP the 287-item control list was created and grouped as negligible, moderate, and critical. The control list was applied to thirteen RMC plants which belongs to one RMC company. It is found that even the same company cannot ensure stability in terms of OHS between its plants, none of the plants had an approved OHS policy, emergency action plan and a plant entrance OHS warning sign. OHS training was mostly missing in plants.
本研究的目的是协助预拌混凝土(RMC)行业的安全专家和部门编制内部安全评估程序(ISEP)。为了构成ISEP,创建了287项控制列表,并将其分为可忽略、中等和关键。该控制清单适用于一家RMC公司旗下的13家RMC工厂。研究发现,即使是同一家公司也无法保证其工厂之间职业健康安全的稳定性,没有一家工厂有经过批准的职业健康安全政策、应急行动计划和工厂入口职业健康安全警告标志。工厂大多缺少职业健康安全培训。
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引用次数: 0
The Effects of Iraq Natural Asphalt on Mechanical Properties of Bituminous Hot Mixtures 伊拉克天然沥青对沥青热混合料力学性能的影响
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.664187
Yunus Erkuş, B. Kök, M. Yılmaz
The increasing rate of traffic every day requires the roads to be made more stable. In order to improve the low and high temperature properties of the bituminous mixtures forming the coating layer of the flexible pavements, the binder in the mixture is often modified with various polymers. The most commonly used polymer in the modification is styrenebutadiene-styrene (SBS). However, SBS, which is very successful in improving the mechanical properties of the mixtures, is expensive and has brought the search for cheaper alternative additives. In this context, natural asphalts (NA) which are not subjected to any processes are used as additive. In this study, natural asphalt obtained from Zaho region of Iraq was used in 20%, 35% and 50% of bitumen modification by weight. The mechanical properties of mixtures prepared with different amount of NA modified bitumen were compared with 4% SBS modified bituminous mixtures. As a result, NA modification significantly improved the properties of bituminous mixtures. In particular, above 35% NA, the mixtures exhibited a superior performance by significantly resisting the effect of repeated loads. It was found that an average of 17.3% NA modification exhibited similar behavior with 4% SBS modification and provided significant economic savings.
日益增长的交通流量要求道路更加稳定。为了改善构成柔性路面涂覆层的沥青混合料的低温和高温性能,通常用各种聚合物对混合料中的粘结剂进行改性。改性中最常用的聚合物是苯乙烯丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)。然而,SBS在改善混合物的机械性能方面非常成功,但价格昂贵,因此需要寻找更便宜的替代添加剂。在这种情况下,天然沥青(NA),不受任何工艺被用作添加剂。在本研究中,从伊拉克Zaho地区获得的天然沥青被用于20%,35%和50%的沥青改性重量。比较了不同掺量的NA改性沥青与4% SBS改性沥青混合料的力学性能。结果表明,NA改性显著改善了沥青混合料的性能。特别是在35% NA以上,混合物表现出优异的性能,显著抵抗重复载荷的影响。结果表明,平均17.3%的NA改性与4%的SBS改性表现出相似的行为,并提供了显著的经济节约。
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引用次数: 2
Gerçek Zamanlı Basınç Yönetimiyle Su Dağıtım Şebekesinde Su Kaybının Azaltılması 减少实时新闻管理网络中的水分损失
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.658870
Mehmet Melih Koşucu, Ömer Sarı, Mehmet C. Demirel, Samet Kiran, Abdurrahman Yılmaz, Abdulbaki Aybakan, Enes Albay, V. Ş. Ö. Kirca
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引用次数: 0
A Calibration Technique for Bi-axial Shake Tables with Stepper Motor 带步进电机的双轴振动台标定技术
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.634582
Erdem Damcı, Ç. Şekerci, Y. Taskin, Koray Gürkan
Shaking tables are frequently used to determine the dynamic behavior of structures in the laboratory environment. In order to obtain realistic results in experimental studies, table response and performance should be consistent with the desired motion. In this multidisciplinary study, an application of a new method for determining and calibrating the mechanical response of a developed bi-axial displacement controlled shake table according to the desired motion data is presented. The bi-axial shake table's electro-mechanical components consist of stepper motors, ball screw sets, linear ball bearings, and linear potentiometers positioned on both axes for displacement measurements. For the control and data acquisition (DAQ) unit of the shake table, an open-source electronic prototyping platform Arduino was used. From several experimental results, it was seen that, with the presented calibration method, harmonic and earthquake simulations could be achieved with a relative root mean square error (relative RMS error) of less than 5% for desired displacement-time histories.
振动台经常用于确定实验室环境中结构的动态行为。为了在实验研究中获得真实的结果,工作台的响应和性能应该与所需的运动一致。在这项多学科研究中,提出了一种新方法的应用,根据所需的运动数据来确定和校准所开发的双轴位移控制振动台的机械响应。双轴振动台的机电部件包括步进电机、滚珠丝杠组、线性滚珠轴承和位于两个轴上的线性电位计,用于位移测量。对于振动台的控制和数据采集(DAQ)单元,使用了开源电子原型平台Arduino。从几个实验结果中可以看出,使用所提出的校准方法,可以在所需位移时程的相对均方根误差(相对RMS误差)小于5%的情况下实现谐波和地震模拟。
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引用次数: 0
Kanalizasyon Sistemlerinin Diferansiyel Evrim Algoritması Kullanılarak Optimum Tasarımı Kanalizasion Sistemlerin Diferansiyel Evrim算法ıKullanılarak最优Tasarımı
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.541507
Erhan Tan, Derya Sadak, M. Ayvaz
Bu calismada kanalizasyon sistemlerinin optimum tasariminin yapilabildigi diferansiyel evrim (DE) algoritmasina dayanan bir cozum yaklasimi gelistirilmistir. Gelistirilen yaklasimda her bir boruya ait egim degeri optimizasyon modelinde karar degiskeni olarak kullanilmakta ve bu degerler icin toplam sistem maliyeti minimize edilecek sekilde belirlenen piyasa caplari icerisinden boru caplari secilmektedir. Optimizasyon islemi esnasinda saglanmasi gereken fiziksel ve yonetimsel kisitlarin tumu penalti fonksiyonu yaklasimi kullanilarak optimizasyon modeline dahil edilmistir. Gelistirilen yaklasimin performansi iki ornek sistem uzerinde test edilmis ve literaturde verilenlere benzer veya daha iyi sonuclar elde edilmistir.
在这种钙中,通过基于DE算法的轻微方法来开发渠化系统的优化设计。同时,每个管道都被用作退化优化模型,并且当系统总成本最小化时,管道是从所提出的管道选项中提取的。优化是指对模型进行优化。改进近似的性能已经在二维系统乌兹别克斯坦上进行了测试,并取得了与文献中给出的结果相似或更好的结果。
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引用次数: 3
Mimari Restorasyon ve Konservasyon Projelerinde İşçi Sağlığı ve İş Güvenliği Uygulamaları Mimari Restorasyon ve Konservasion项目
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.590368
İ. Uzun, Deniz Öztürk, G. E. Gürcanlı
Preservation of historic buildings with their original state and conveyance that heritage to the next generations is the ultimate aim of the restoration projects. Restoration works requires special professional skills and the particular risks of these projects oblige peculiar occupational health and safety measures. Although, in Turkey, the architectural restoration works are regarded as a part of construction industry according to the legislation, research upon peculiar occupational health and safety measures are not sufficient. In this study, possible risks during architectural restoration projects were examined and those risks were classified as physical, chemical, biological and ergonomical risks according to legislative obligations as well as the data obtained from site observations. After the discussions upon these risks, a risk assessment guide and flowchart were established for healthy and safe restoration work.
修复项目的最终目的是保护历史建筑的原状并将其遗产传给下一代。修复工程需要特殊的专业技能,而这些项目的特殊风险要求采取特殊的职业健康和安全措施。尽管在土耳其,根据法律,建筑修复工程被视为建筑业的一部分,但对特殊的职业健康和安全措施的研究还不够。在本研究中,对建筑修复项目中可能存在的风险进行了检查,并根据立法义务以及从现场观察中获得的数据将这些风险分为物理、化学、生物和人体工程学风险。在对这些风险进行讨论后,为健康安全的恢复工作制定了风险评估指南和流程图。
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引用次数: 2
Kuraklık Riski Altındaki Havzalarda Gölet Haznelerinin Tasarımı: Seyhan Havzasında Bir Uygulama
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.505584
Ali Demir Keski̇ner, Mahmut Çetin, M. Şimşek, Sabri Akin
Golet hazne tasarimlarinda, olasilikli havza su verimleri kullanilmaktadir. Arastirma kapsaminda, kurakliga egilimli havzalarda golet hazne tasarimlarinda kullanilacak uygun olasilik duzeyinin belirlenmesi amaclanmistir. Meteoroloji gozlem istasyonlarinin yillik toplam yagis serilerine, frekans analizi uygulanmistir. Istasyonlarin %50, %80 ve %90 olasilikli beklenen yagislari ve Normalin Yuzdesi Indeksi kuraklik siniflarina karsilik gelen esik yagis degerleri hesaplanmistir. Bu degerler, CBS ortaminda Ordinary Cokriging yontemi ile haritalanarak M. Turc yontemine gore yuzey akis haritalari olusturulmustur. Yuzey akislarin, hipsometrik egrileri cizilmistir. %80 ve %90 olasilikla beklenen akimlarin hipsometrik egrileri “ Hafif“ ve “Orta Şiddette” kuraklik sinifina karsilik gelen esik yagis akimlarini, %50 olasilikli akimlar ise “ Normal ve Uzeri-Risk Yok” kuraklik sinifi esik ustu akimlari temsil etmistir. Kurakliga egilimli Seyhan Havzasinda golet hazne tasarimlarinda, %50 olasilikli havza su verimlerinin kullanilmasi uygun bulunmamistir. Maliyetleri azaltmak icin, %80 veya %90 olasilikli yuzey akislarin kullanilmasi onerilmistir.
在高尔夫宝贝的设计中,使用了可用的水池数据。勘探的目的是确定黄金宝藏设计用于钻井池的合适概率。气象加油站不适用亚吉斯年总系列、频率分析。估计为50%、80%、90%。事实上,哥伦比亚广播公司的环境已经建立了高电压映射到M.S.氮,映射到普通Cokriging氮。南斯拉夫的酸,催熟的葡萄很细腻。%预计80%和90%的高温增长代表了温室对“轻度”和“中度”干旱的胃肠道反应,50种可能的排放代表了“正常和无风险”干旱水平。在Seyhan Havzasin的黄金宝藏设计中使用50个可用的水池数据是不合适的。Maliyette leri azaltmak icin,%80 veya%90 olasilikli yuzey akislarin kullailmasi oneilmistir。
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引用次数: 2
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