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Akifer Parametrelerinin Optimizasyon Tabanlı Bir Eğri Çakıştırma Yaklaşımı Kullanılarak Belirlenmesi Akifer Parametrelerinin Optimizasyon TabanlıBir EğriÇakıştırma YaklaşımıKullakılarak Belillenmesi
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.536342
M. Ayvaz, Gurhan Gurarslan
Akifer parametrelerin belirlenmesi yeralti suyu muhendisliginde dikkate alinan onemli bir problemdir. Pratikte bu parametreler tip egri cakistirma yaklasimlari kullanilarak belirlenmektedir. Ancak bu yaklasimlarin dogrulugu genellikle modelleme yapan kisinin becerisine bagli olmaktadir. Bu problemin ustesinden gelebilmek icin bu calisma kapsaminda optimizasyon tabanli bir egri cakistirma yaklasimi onerilmistir. Onerilen yaklasimda dogrusal olmayan indirgenmis gradyan yaklasimi (GRG) kullanilarak zaman-dusu ve tip egriler otomatik bir sekilde cakistirilacak sekilde akifer parametreleri belirlenmektedir. Gelistirilen yaklasimin performansi basincli ve sizintili akifer sistemlerine ait iki ornek cozulerek degerlendirilmistir. Elde edilen sonuclar onerilen yaklasimin akifer parametrelerini etkin bir sekilde belirleyebildigini gostermistir.
大气圈参数的确定是当地水资源监测中的一个小数问题。在实践中,这些参数是使用一种egri燃烧方法来定义的。但这些亚克力通常与制作模特的人的能力有关。为了弄清楚这个问题是什么,这种钙包含了一种基于优化的灰色卡路里化方法。如果在使用非递减梯度近似(GRG)近似时自动加热时间dusu和类型°,则定义以下参数。加速方法的效率很简单,并通过消费税系统的两个维度来分解。所获得的结果是,下一个方法参数可以用单一的方式定义。
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引用次数: 0
Mekanistik-Ampirik ve Geleneksel Beton Yol Tasarım Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması: Afyon-Emirdağ Deneme Kesimi 机械Ampiric和高级Beton设计方法的比较:Afyon发射率测试分辨率
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.565709
Emin Şengün, Hande Isik Ozturk, İ. Yaman
Turkiye’nin Karayollari Genel Mudurlugu bunyesindeki ilk beton yol uygulamasi olan Afyon-Emirdag kesimi derzli donatisiz beton kaplama olarak Belcika Katalog yontemine gore tasarlanmistir. Bu tasarim, hem geleneksel Amerikan Devlet Karayolu ve Tasimacilik Idareleri Birligi ampirik tasarim yontemi (AASHTO 93); hem de mekanistik-ampirik (M-E) ustyapi tasarim yontemi ile yeniden analiz edilerek, mevcut yol uzerinden araliklarla olculen duzgunsuzluk (IRI) degerleri ile karsilastirilmistir. Saha olcumleri ile M-E analizleri sonucu tahmin edilen IRI degerlerinin birbirine oldukca yakin oldugu tespit edilmistir. M-E analizleri sonucunda mevcut yolun servis surecinde duzgunsuzluk ve faylanma performans kriterlerine gore sinir degerleri asacagi, ancak enine catlak yonunden sinir degerler icinde kalacagi ongorulmustur.
土耳其加勒比将军穆杜鲁古旨在涵盖Afyon Emirdag目录中的第一条具体路线申请,其中包括非捐赠性的具体说明。本设计是美利坚合众国,以及传统的美利坚合众国,和美国塔斯马尼亚文学(AASHTO 93);还与设计单位重新分析了机械放大器(M-E)结构,以及由当前路线中的距离引起的不一致性(IRI)程度。现场M-E分析的结果已被确定为接近每个估计的IRI程度。M-E分析的结果是,当前路线中存在的不容忍和损伤表现标准将导致一种相互愤怒的偏执狂。
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引用次数: 3
Prefabrike Yapıların Tasarım, Üretim, Depolama, Nakliye Ve Yapım Süreçlerini Etkileyen Kriterler
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-08-17 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.647272
İlhami Ay, Gülden Gümüşburun Ayalp
Prefabrikasyon, insaat sektorunde sanayilesmenin baslangici olarak kabul edilir ve bu surecleri makinelesme, otomatik kontrol ve uretim takip etmektedir. Prefabrik insaat teknolojisi, binalarin daha kolay ve hizli, daha dusuk maliyet, daha basarili kalite kontrol ve daha az malzeme israfi ile yapilmasina da olanak tanimaktadir. Prefabrike sistemlerin bircok avantaji olmasina ragmen, Turkiye’de prefabrike yapi sistemlerin kullanimi cok dusuk seviyelerdedir. Bu arastirmanin amaci, Turkiye'de prefabrik yapi sistemlerinin kullanimini etkileyen kriterleri tespit etmektir. Bu amacla mimarlara, prefabrik eleman uretimi yapan firmalara ve yuklenici firmalardan anket yontemiyle veri toplanmis; toplanan veriler “SPSS 22” kullanilarak analiz edilmistir. Calismanin sonucunda her uc katilimci grubu icin tasarim, uretim ve yapim sureclerini etkileyen kriterlerin farkli oldugu ve katilimci gruplarin onem gosterdikleri kriterlerin de her bir surecte degiskenlik gosterdigi sonucuna ulasilmistir.
预制被认为是推动人类部门工业化的一个因素,用于监测机器、自动控制和尿道的这些图像。在技术上,这是一个很好的例子,它是一个非常好的例子。尽管预制系统有许多优点,但在土耳其,拉格曼人对预制系统的使用率极高。其目的是确定影响土耳其预制结构使用的标准。其目的是收集建筑师、预制个人、制造机器的公司和组织的调查;使用SPSS 22对收集的数据进行分析。作为calisman的结果,每个主要杀手群体的设计、urem和建造标准都不同,并且杀手群体的标准以十种不同的方式记录,导致每个图像都缺乏区别。
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引用次数: 5
Large Scale Direct Shear Box Tests on Gravels 砾石的大型直剪箱试验
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-08-17 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.606816
A. A. Yunatci, K. Cetin
Within the confines of this study, the results of direct shear box tests performed on poorly-(GP) and well-graded (GW) gravel samples are presented. Samples are tested under effective normal stresses ranging from 77 to 205 kPa, and with initial void ratio ranging from 0.42 to 0.53. The estimated peak secant-angles of shearing resistances vary in the range of 49 to 61 degrees. On the basis of the ratio of vertical to horizontal deformation rates, the peak angles of dilation are estimated as 10-16 degrees. These estimated values are concluded to be in coherency with available literature, other than the recommendations of Navfac DM 7.01.
在本研究范围内,介绍了对低级配(GP)和级配良好(GW)砾石样品进行的直剪箱试验的结果。样品在77至205kPa的有效法向应力和0.42至0.53的初始孔隙比下进行测试。剪切阻力的估计峰值割线角在49度到61度的范围内变化。根据垂直变形率与水平变形率的比值,估计膨胀的峰值角度为10-16度。除Navfac DM 7.01的建议外,这些估计值与现有文献一致。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of a Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD) Soil Improvement Project 某装配式垂直排水沟(PVD)土壤改良工程分析
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-08-17 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.641218
A. Mert, Akın Önalp, E. Arel
A settlement analysis has been carried out for several sectors of a rail station yard improved with prefabricated vertical drains (PVD) in Istanbul, that exhibited prolonged consolidation beyond the predicted values in certain sectors of the treated zone. Final settlement and End of Primary (EOP) settlement times have been estimated theoretically as well as using the Asaoka graphical procedure. The compliance of settlement-time curves with in-situ measurements and Asaoka solution has been investigated. A geotechnical model was developed for finite element and three-dimensional consolidation analyses. The settlement curves obtained by varying horizontal-vertical permeability coefficient ratio ( k h / k v ) and insitu measurements have been compared, and k h / k v values corresponding to 90% degree of consolidation has been computed for all sectors. The effect of drain spacing ( s drain ) as well as drain length ( L drain ) on the rate of consolidation have been evaluated for each sector, keeping the specified ratios constant. The times corresponding to 95% degree of consolidation ( t 95 ) have been calculated using the theoretical solution and compared to in-situ measurements. Calculated t 95 ’s has also been compared to their estimated values by varying the spacing ( s drain ) and the length (L drain ). Additionally, the required intervals of s drain and L drain have been obtained corresponding to the calculated t 95 times. The analyses suggest that the main reason for prolonged consolidation was the horizontal to vertical permeability coefficient ratio. According to the analysis results, PVD implementation was not efficient in clays having k h / k v of approximately unity. The main conclusion of this study was to discover the necessity for optimizing the variables in any such project. The efficacy of the works can be significantly enhanced if simultaneous evaluation of the parameters s drain and L drain and the permeability ratio k h / k v is carried out prior to field work. Otherwise, “accidents” may emerge as found out in this project.
对伊斯坦布尔一个用预制垂直排水沟(PVD)改善的火车站场的几个部分进行了沉降分析,这些部分的固结时间超过了处理区某些部分的预测值。理论上以及使用Asaoka图解程序估算了最终沉降和一次沉降结束(EOP)时间。研究了沉降时间曲线与现场测量和Asaoka溶液的一致性。开发了一个用于有限元和三维固结分析的岩土模型。比较了通过改变水平-垂直渗透系数比(kh/kv)和现场测量获得的沉降曲线,并计算了所有区段对应于90%固结度的kh/kv值。在保持指定比率不变的情况下,评估了排水沟间距(s排水沟)和排水沟长度(L排水沟)对每个扇区固结率的影响。使用理论解计算了95%固结度(t95)对应的时间,并与现场测量结果进行了比较。通过改变间距(s漏极)和长度(L漏极),计算出的t95也与它们的估计值进行了比较。此外,已经获得了与计算的t95次相对应的s漏极和L漏极的所需间隔。分析表明,固结时间延长的主要原因是水平渗透系数与垂直渗透系数的比值。根据分析结果,PVD在具有近似1的k h/k v的粘土中实施是无效的。本研究的主要结论是发现在任何此类项目中优化变量的必要性。如果在现场工作之前同时评估参数s drain和L drain以及渗透率比k h/k v,则可以显著提高工作的效率。否则,在本项目中可能会出现“事故”。
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引用次数: 1
Lightweight Cement-Based Composites Incorporating Hollow Glass Microspheres: Fresh and Hardened State Properties 含中空玻璃微球的轻质水泥基复合材料:新鲜和硬化状态特性
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-08-17 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.677447
Nihat Kabay, Ahmet B. Kizilkanat, Busra Akturk, Yusuf Kahraman
This research aims to develop a lightweight cementitious composite with satisfying mechanical and good thermal insulating properties. Two different types of hollow glass microspheres (HGM) were used as lightweight aggregates and were substituted with fine aggregate by 10, 20, and 40% by volume. The rheological, physical, mechanical, and microstructural properties of the resulting HGM-incorporated composites were investigated and correlations were established between physical and mechanical test results. The results showed that the physical and mechanical properties of individual HGM particles play a dominant role in the properties of lightweight mortars. HGM addition provided reductions up to 20% in the density and 45% in the thermal conductivity values of mortars compared to the reference. The best HGM ratio in the tested range was found as 20%, which provides benefits such as reduced density and enhanced thermal insulation capability without causing a significant reduction in compressive strength. It was concluded that HGMs can be used in the lightweight cementitious mortar production which has great potential in building applications to reduce the heating energy consumption.
本研究旨在开发一种具有良好的力学性能和保温性能的轻质胶凝复合材料。采用两种不同类型的中空玻璃微球(HGM)作为轻骨料,用细骨料代替,其体积比分别为10%、20%和40%。研究了hgm复合材料的流变学、物理、力学和微观结构性能,并建立了物理和力学测试结果之间的相关性。结果表明,HGM颗粒的物理力学性能对轻质砂浆的性能起主导作用。与参考材料相比,HGM的加入使砂浆的密度降低了20%,导热系数降低了45%。在测试范围内,最佳的HGM比率为20%,它提供了诸如降低密度和增强保温能力等好处,而不会导致抗压强度的显著降低。研究结果表明,hgm可用于轻质水泥砂浆生产,在降低建筑采暖能耗方面具有很大的应用潜力。
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引用次数: 3
Assessment of the Disaster Recovery Progress through Mathematical Modelling 通过数学模型评估灾后恢复进展
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.473099
S. Ü. Dikmen, R. Akbiyikli, M. Sönmez
Natural disasters, especially major earthquakes, cause widespread devastation in the built environment. Hence, the major component of the recovery in its aftermath constitutes a chain of projects starting at different times, having different costs and durations. In this study, the post disaster recovery curve modelled through a mathematical approach taking into account these properties of the projects. The approach followed is based on the project S-curve concept that provides the opportunity to simulate the progress by outlining the project spending. Well-known mathematical functions are adapted to model the project spending and the handover processes. Monte Carlo simulation is performed to evaluate the general behavior of the recovery curve using the model developed. Weibull distribution is used to generate the model’s parameters. Results of the Monte Carlo simulation demonstrate that the recovery process exhibits an S-shape, the duration of initial portion and the slope of the bulk portion being significantly governed by the level of preparedness of the community.
自然灾害,特别是大地震,会对建筑环境造成广泛的破坏。因此,灾后恢复的主要组成部分是在不同时间开始的一系列项目,其成本和持续时间各不相同。在本研究中,灾后恢复曲线通过数学方法建模,考虑到这些项目的属性。接下来的方法是基于项目s曲线概念,通过概述项目支出来模拟进度。众所周知的数学函数被用来模拟项目支出和移交过程。利用所建立的模型进行了蒙特卡罗模拟,以评估采收率曲线的一般行为。采用威布尔分布生成模型参数。蒙特卡罗模拟结果表明,恢复过程呈s形,初始部分的持续时间和大块部分的斜率受社区准备水平的显著支配。
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引用次数: 3
Modeling Pavement Performance Based on LTPP Database for Flexible Pavements 基于LTPP数据库的柔性路面路面性能建模
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.476606
M. Radwan, M. Abo-Hashema, Hamdy Faheem, M. Hashem
In many countries, incredible investments have been made in constructing roads that require conducting periodic evaluation and timely maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) plan to keep the network operating under acceptable level of service. The timely M&R plan necessitates accurately predicting pavement performance, which is an essential element of road infrastructure asset management systems or Pavement Management Systems (PMS). Consequently, there is always a need to develop and to update performance prediction models embedded in PMS applications. This study focuses in developing distress prediction models for flexible pavements located in non-freeze climatic zone, which represent most of developing countries such as Egypt, using data extracted from the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program. Ten distress performance prediction models were developed in this study for both wet- and dry-non freeze climatic zones, which are alligator (Fatigue) cracking, longitudinal cracking, transverse cracking, ravelling, bleeding, and rut depth models. These models can play an important role assisting decision makers in predicting pavement performance, identifying M&R needs, rational budget planning and resource allocation.
在许多国家,道路建设方面的投资令人难以置信,需要进行定期评估和及时维护和修复(M&R)计划,以保持网络在可接受的服务水平下运行。及时的M&R计划需要准确预测路面性能,这是道路基础设施资产管理系统或路面管理系统(PMS)的基本要素。因此,总是需要开发和更新嵌入在PMS应用程序中的性能预测模型。本研究的重点是利用从长期路面性能(LTPP)计划中提取的数据,为埃及等大多数发展中国家的非冻结气候带的柔性路面开发损坏预测模型。本研究建立了10个适用于干湿非冻结气候带的损伤性能预测模型,分别是短吻鳄(疲劳)开裂模型、纵向开裂模型、横向开裂模型、剥落模型、出血模型和车辙深度模型。这些模型可以帮助决策者预测路面性能、识别M&R需求、合理预算规划和资源分配。
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引用次数: 6
Credit Success Rates of Certified Green Buildings in Turkey 土耳其认证绿色建筑的信用成功率
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.449251
V. Toğan, X. Thomollari
The green building rating systems have been used as a tool to evaluate the environmental impact of buildings since 1990. In Turkey, LEED is in the first place concerning the total number of certified green buildings and then followed by BREEAM and DBGN. This paper aims to give general information concerning the 287 certified green buildings, and further investigate an updated situation of credit success rates of 127 LEED new construction certified green buildings in Turkey. The results of the study show that the certified green buildings in Turkey have a lower average percentage of credit success rates in indoor environmental quality, energy efficiency and material and resources categories compared with the other groups.
自1990年以来,绿色建筑评级系统一直被用作评估建筑环境影响的工具。在土耳其,LEED在获得认证的绿色建筑总数方面排名第一,其次是BREEAM和DBGN。本文旨在提供有关287栋认证绿色建筑的一般信息,并进一步调查土耳其127栋LEED新建筑认证绿色建筑信用成功率的最新情况。研究结果表明,与其他群体相比,土耳其认证的绿色建筑在室内环境质量、能源效率以及材料和资源类别方面的平均信贷成功率较低。
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引用次数: 4
Artificial Neural Network Model to Predict Anchored-Pile-Wall Displacements on Istanbul Greywackes 人工神经网络模型预测伊斯坦布尔灰线桩墙锚固位移
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.18400/tekderg.492280
Özgür Yıldız, M. Berilgen
Istanbul's main lithological unit is a greywacke formation locally known as the Trakya Formation. It is weathered and extensively fractured, and the stress relief induced by deep excavations causes excessive displacements in the horizontal direction. Therefore, predicting excavation-induced wall displacements is critical for avoiding damages. The aim of this study is to develop an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to predict anchored-pile-wall displacements at different stages of excavations performed on Istanbul's greywacke formations. A database was created on excavation and monitoring data from 11 individual projects in Istanbul. Five variables were used as input parameters, namely, excavation depth, maximum ground settlement measured behind the wall, system stiffness, standard penetration test N value of the soil depth, and index-of-observation point. The proposed model was trained, validated, and tested. Finally, two distinct projects were numerically modeled by applying the finite element method (FEM) and then used to examine the performance of the ANN model. The displacements predicted by the ANN model were compared with both the computed values obtained from the FEM analysis and actual measured displacements. The proposed ANN model accurately predicted the displacement of anchored pile walls constructed on Istanbul's greywackes at different excavation stages.
伊斯坦布尔的主要岩性单位是当地称为Trakya组的灰岩组。它是风化和广泛的裂缝,深开挖引起的应力释放在水平方向上造成过大的位移。因此,预测开挖引起的墙体位移对于避免损伤至关重要。本研究的目的是开发一个人工神经网络(ANN)模型来预测伊斯坦布尔灰尾岩层开挖不同阶段的锚固桩墙位移。建立了一个关于伊斯坦布尔11个单独项目的挖掘和监测数据的数据库。输入参数为开挖深度、墙后实测最大地面沉降量、体系刚度、土深标准贯入试验N值、观测点指数5个变量。提出的模型经过了训练、验证和测试。最后,采用有限元方法对两个不同的工程进行了数值模拟,并对人工神经网络模型的性能进行了检验。将人工神经网络模型预测的位移与有限元分析计算值和实测位移进行了比较。所提出的人工神经网络模型能够准确预测伊斯坦布尔灰土上不同开挖阶段锚固桩墙的位移。
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引用次数: 4
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