Soil & Tillage Research最新文献

{"title":"Soil surface roughness impacts erosion behavior through selective regulation of flow properties in rainfall-seepage scenarios","authors":"Nana Wang ,&nbsp;Zicheng Zheng ,&nbsp;Tingxuan Li ,&nbsp;Shuqin He ,&nbsp;Xizhou Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongdong Wang ,&nbsp;Haiying Yu ,&nbsp;Huagang Huang ,&nbsp;Daihua Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil surface roughness (SSR) impacts runoff dynamics of surface-subsurface and the magnitude of soil erosion, limited attention has been paid to how SSR governs runoff hydrodynamics to affect erosion behavior and the effectiveness of erosion reduction under rainfall-seepage scenarios on low-permeability purple soil slopes. Herein the seepage rates of 2, 4, and 8 L min⁻¹ were sequentially simulated under a rainfall intensity of 1.0 mm min⁻¹ among different microrelief treatments (CT: conventional tillage; AD: artificial digging; RT: ridge tillage) on purple soil slopes with gradients of 5°, 10°, and 15°. These simulations aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the erosion reduction benefits associated with flow properties due to microrelief. The results showed that increased SSR altered erosion kinetic energy under rainfall-seepage conditions. The benefits of rough slopes to control erosion decreased as rainfall-seepage intensity and slope gradient increased. During rainfall-seepage events, the variation in runoff behavior was regulated positively by the effect of SSR on unit stream power. However, the increasing net output power of runoff due to flow turbulence altered sediment output, thereby affecting sediment control benefits. Overall, the impact of rainfall-seepage intensity on surface roughness became more significant with increasing slope gradient. Our findings suggest the capable of integrating for interrelated microrelief and runoff processes in factors analysis of driving soil erosion at rainfall-seepage hydrologic states to elucidate erosion effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 106350"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depth-driven responses of soil organic carbon fractions to orchard cover crops across China: A meta-analysis","authors":"Weiting Ding ,&nbsp;Liangjie Sun ,&nbsp;Yihan Fang ,&nbsp;Francis Zvomuya ,&nbsp;Xiaotong Liu ,&nbsp;Hailong He","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cover crops (CC) have been widely recognized and implemented as one of the most effective agronomic practices for enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in orchard ecosystems. However, considerable uncertainty remains regarding the effect of CC on specific SOC fractions, posing challenges for accurate prediction of carbon (C) dynamics, which requires further comprehensive study at regional and national scales. Based on 615 paired-comparisons from 47 studies across China, we investigated the effects of CC management on SOC fractions, including microbial biomass C (MBC), dissolved organic C (DOC), particulate organic C (POC), easily oxidizable organic C (EOC), light fraction organic C (LFOC), and heavy fraction organic C (HFOC). In addition, we quantified the effects of various environmental factors (e.g., climatic conditions), soil properties (e.g., soil characteristics and depth), and agronomic variables (e.g., experiment duration, tree age, cover type, source and species of grass, cover pattern, mowing practices, and residue management) on the changes in SOC fractions. Compared to conventional clean (bare ground) tillage, CC significantly increases MBC (35.4 %), DOC (23.7 %), POC (36.2 %), EOC (18.4 %), LFOC (99.9 %), and HFOC (5.4 %). Random forest modeling demonstrates that soil depth is the dominant driver of SOC fractions responses to CC, and the CC effects are weakened with soil depth. It is therefore crucial to consider the various drivers of SOC fractions between soil depths in order to accurately forecast soil C dynamics and its potential feedback on global warming. Overall, this study systematically assessed the effects of CC on SOC fractions changes in China and identified CC as a promising practice for increasing SOC in orchards. These findings further indicate that the response of SOC fractions to CC is predominantly influenced by specific climatic, edaphic, and agronomic variables. These results not only reveal the ecological benefits of CC, but also highlight the importance of developing site-specific CC practices for the sustainability of agroecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 106348"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in soil mechanical and hydraulic properties through regenerative cultivation measures in long-term and farm experiments in Germany","authors":"Carolina Bilibio ,&nbsp;Tobias Karl David Weber ,&nbsp;Markus Hammer-Weis ,&nbsp;Stephan Martin Junge ,&nbsp;Simeon Leisch-Waskoenig ,&nbsp;Janos Wack ,&nbsp;Wiebke Niether ,&nbsp;Andreas Gattinger ,&nbsp;Maria Renate Finckh ,&nbsp;Stephan Peth","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regenerative agriculture has been associated with improved soil structure and soil fertility. However, conclusive evidence of its efficacy has remained elusive owing to a lack of long-term experimental studies. In this study, we assessed the impact of diverse regenerative agricultural measures on soil mechanical and hydraulic properties and indicators. Tested treatment factors included reduced tillage versus plowing, along with different levels of compost, mulch, and the application of ferments and compost tea. We measured <em>in situ</em> soil strength via soil penetration (from 0 to 0.8 m depth) and shear resistance (at 0.08 and 0.23 m depth) and assessed field-saturated hydraulic conductivity and <em>ex situ</em> soil aggregate stability (at 0.07 and 0.23 m depth). The experiments were conducted at five sites in Hesse, Germany, including one organic long-term experiment (LTE, since 2010) in Neu-Eichenberg and three organic and one conventional on-farm experiments to cover different soil types, weather conditions, and field practices. The soil types are classified as Luvisol and Vertic Cambisols, and the soil texture ranges from silt loam to silty clay loam. In the LTE, significant differences in aggregate stability and shear resistance were noted between treatments, with a higher geometric mean aggregate diameter at 0.07 m depth in 2021 and 2022 and a higher shear resistance at 0.19 m and 0.23 m in 2020 and in 2021, respectively, in the reduced tillage systems. However, no significant differences were observed among treatments for field-saturated hydraulic conductivity, which was overall very high, showing that reduced tillage did not negatively influence saturated infiltration, albeit bulk density is higher than in the conventionally plowed system. The soil penetration resistance was generally higher for the reduced tillage treatments across depths of 0.0–0.30 m, albeit not statistically significant (p &gt; 0.05). Significantly higher water-stable aggregates and geometric mean diameters were observed for regenerative agricultural treatments in three of the on-farm experiments at a depth of 0.07 m. The shear resistance was significantly higher in regenerative agriculture units in specific years and depths. Although the outcomes are encouraging, the variability of the effects of reduced tillage and organic amendments in affecting soil properties highlights the need for further long-term research including farm trials. This is essential to fully understand the effects of regenerative practices on soil physical quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 106345"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing field-scale rill erosion mitigation by cover crops in arable land using drone image analysis","authors":"Simon Ian Futerman ,&nbsp;Yafit Cohen ,&nbsp;Yael Laor ,&nbsp;Eli Argaman ,&nbsp;Shlomi Aharon ,&nbsp;Gil Eshel","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cover crops (CC) effectively reduce soil erosion, a significant threat to farmers and the environment. Yet, there is lack of data quantifying their effect on rill erosion in the field scale. The major objective of this study was to use UAV-RGB images to estimate the effects of CC on rill erosion in the field scale and to characterize rill parameters in areas with and without CC. Images were collected from a 20-ha field in the \"Model Farm for Sustainable Agriculture\", consisting of plots with and without CC. Images were captured 33 days after CC sowing and following substantial rainfall events that formed three prominent rills. Following the elimination of vegetation pixels, structure from motion algorithm was used to generate a post-erosion digital surface model (DSM) and a baseline DSM simulating the pre-erosion soil surface (DSM _{reconstructed baseline)}. Change-detection analysis revealed that CC significantly reduced rill erosion. Average soil loss per m² was 48 %, 58 %, and 29 % lower in CC compared to bare soil plots in the three studied rills. Additionally, rill maximum depth was 74 %, 74 %, and 24 %, and cross-sectional surface area was 67 %, 87 %, and 43 % lower in CC, compared to bare soil plots. The findings highlight CC's effectiveness in mitigating field-scale rill erosion even in their early growth stages. However, creating a DSM _{reconstructed baseline} in CC plots is currently confined to partial CC vegetation coverage (leaving enough soil pixels visible), necessitating additional studies to determine the maximal coverage that won't compromise accuracy. Further assessments of the methods' quantitative accuracy require studies incorporating extensive ground truth data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 106341"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evaluation of soil carbon models and their role on finding ways to net-zero carbon in agricultural systems","authors":"G. Vazquez Amabile ,&nbsp;G. Studdert ,&nbsp;S.M. Ogle ,&nbsp;M. Beltrán ,&nbsp;A.D. Said ,&nbsp;S. Galbusera ,&nbsp;F. Montiel ,&nbsp;R. Moreno ,&nbsp;M.F. Ricard","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The estimation of changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) is a key issue for national green-house gasses (GHG) inventories, climate change mitigation programs and the estimation of carbon footprint of farm products in life cycle assessments. Any strategy related to net-zero carbon in agricultural systems needs to quantify the SOC balance. In this way, SOC models help decision makers involved in agriculture to understand the dynamics of the SOC and the interaction between all variables related to soil, climate, land use, and management, to design the best solution to reduce emissions or enable carbon sequestration. Likewise, it is important to identify suitable models for the region. This study aims to address three main subjects: a) a discussion on the importance of SOC estimation for GHG inventories and the carbon footprint of crops, using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 1 method and AMG model; b) an evaluation and brief description of the IPCC “Steady State Method” (SSM), using experimental data from two sites in Argentina, comparing these results to AMG and RothC models (both previously validated at those sites); and c) a brief discussion about the potential use of SOC models for what-if management scenarios, their real limitations and future research needs. The three models were consistent in predicting the impact of tillage and the long-term trends in changes in SOC stocks under different management practices. The SSM model was evaluated for the first time in Argentina and performed even better than the other two models. It was consistent with the observed values, when predicting the effect of tillage system under different crop rotations, including pasture systems. Regarding efficiencies of the models, they showed acceptable Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) values, and the root mean square error (RMSE) was also acceptable between 3 % and 7 %, within a range of 4–5 Mg C.ha⁻¹. Therefore, the SSM model proved to be a valuable tool to estimate SOC trends for crop and pasture rotations under different management scenarios (i.e., tillage systems and fertilization), to identify best practices that allow for a zero or positive SOC balance, in two different soil and climate conditions of the Pampean Region of Argentina. In our study, the SSM did have a better fit to the data and, furthermore, this Tier 2 method is simpler than the Tier 3 models, and, therefore, is advantageous for conducting regional assessments and GHG inventories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 106342"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First validation of the method Visual Evaluation of Soil Structure in coal mining area using a long-term field revegetation experiment as testbed","authors":"Otávio dos Anjos Leal ,&nbsp;Pablo Miguel ,&nbsp;Mateus Fonseca Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Rachel Muylaert Locks Guimarães ,&nbsp;Luiz Fernando Spinelli Pinto ,&nbsp;Thais Palumbo Silva ,&nbsp;Marilia Alves Brito Pinto ,&nbsp;Stephan Domingues Nachtigall ,&nbsp;Lizete Stumpf","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Topsoil compaction is a persistent problem in minesoils, jeopardizing the revegetation and ecological reclamation of the mined land. Evaluation of soil structural quality (Sq) through quantitative methods is usually labor-intensive and/or costly, especially if a large area has to be examined. Therefore, reconciling cost-effective and accurate diagnose of minesoil Sq is crucial. The Visual Evaluation of Soil Structure (VESS) is a spade-based method scoring the soil Sq from 1 (good) to 5 (poor), which has not yet been validated for minesoils, and this was exactly the aim of this study. We made use of our long-term field experiment where quantitative physical attributes differed between perennial grasses used for minesoil revegetation, creating a Sq range to be screened by VESS. The minesoil, located in Southern Brazil, was revegetated for 14.3 years with <em>Hemarthria altissima</em>, <em>Paspalum notatum</em>, <em>Cynodon dactylon</em>, and <em>Urochloa brizantha</em>. The Sq of the minesoil (0.00–0.10 and 0.10–0.20 m layer) was evaluated by VESS and tensile strength of aggregates (TS), soil macroaggregates and microaggregates (%), soil organic matter (SOM) content, bulk density (BD), macroporosity (MaP), microporosity, total porosity (TP), and soil penetration resistance (PR). Through significant correlations between VESS scores and TS, MaP, macroaggregates (%), microaggregates (%), TP, SOM and especially BD (r = 0.60) and PR (r = 0.56), we found VESS to be a suitable method for reliable assessment of minesoil Sq. VESS scores 2.0–3.1 confirmed improved Sq at 0.00–0.10 m compared to 0.10–0.20 m (2.7–3.5), and this was supported by the ordination of 0.00–0.10 m samples together with SOM, macroaggregates (%), MaP and TP by principal component analysis. Moreover, VESS confirmed improved Sq in <em>H. altissima</em> (2.7) compared to <em>C. dactylon</em> (3.6) at 0.10–0.20 m, likely due to gains in soil MaP, TP, macroaggregates (%) and SOM. In this pioneering study we validated VESS as a practical and science-grounded method to monitor the Sq of a clayey subtropical minesoil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 106347"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fertilization effects on soil organic matter chemistry","authors":"Dengjie Zhou ,&nbsp;Rui Mou ,&nbsp;Lihua Wang ,&nbsp;Jingru Liu ,&nbsp;Yuanxiang Tang ,&nbsp;Ji Chen ,&nbsp;Petr Heděnec ,&nbsp;Zhenfeng Xu ,&nbsp;Bo Tan ,&nbsp;Xinglei Cui ,&nbsp;Han Li ,&nbsp;Li Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongwei Xu ,&nbsp;Lin Xu ,&nbsp;Lixia Wang ,&nbsp;Sining Liu ,&nbsp;Jiao Li ,&nbsp;Yaling Yuan ,&nbsp;Chengming You ,&nbsp;Yakov Kuzyakov","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the close interactions between carbon (C) and nutrients like nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), the consequences of N fertilization alone or in combination with P and K on soil organic matter (SOM) chemical composition remain unclear. Using solid-state ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy data from 45 field studies, we meta-analyzed the effects of N alone and NPK fertilization on SOM content and chemical composition. Generally, mineral fertilization affects the SOM content and composition via three indirect processes: i) increasing litter input and rhizodeposition, ii) accelerating microbial decomposition of SOM, and iii) modifying the preservation of SOM by soil minerals. NPK fertilization (+12 %) increased organic C content more than N fertilization alone (+8.6 %). Alkyl and O-alkyl C increased at low-N rates (&lt;50 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) or after short-term (0–5 yrs) N fertilization alone, likely because improved N availability promoted bacterial residues rich in long-chain aliphatic C formation and carbohydrate-rich matter inputs. High-rate (&gt;200 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) or long-term (&gt;25 yrs) NPK fertilization increased alkyl C but decreased aromatic C, likely due to reduced nutrient limitations and acidification. These factors promote aliphatic C-rich microbial biomass, accelerate the decomposition of stable compounds, and decrease the mineral protection of aromatic acids. The SOM chemical composition (excluding aromatic C) response to NPK fertilization decreased with increasing initial level. In contrast, the response of SOM raised with increasing initial content under N fertilization alone. The increase in organic C content was strongly linked to changes in SOM chemistry under NPK fertilization but not under N fertilization alone. In conclusion, NPK fertilization modified SOM chemistry and increased organic C accumulation more effectively than N fertilization alone, which was mediated by increasing plant growth, raising microbial biomass and activity, altering mineral protection, and initial soil C levels. Our findings provide critical insights for optimizing fertilization strategies to improve soil C sequestration capacity and fertility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 106346"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-anthesis water use and biomass accumulation in winter wheat under subsoiling and microsprinkler irrigation","authors":"Chao Huang ,&nbsp;Yanyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuchen Liu ,&nbsp;Yang Gao ,&nbsp;Shoutian Ma ,&nbsp;Anzhen Qin ,&nbsp;Ying Li ,&nbsp;Qifeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Zile Gao ,&nbsp;Guanghui Wu ,&nbsp;Kai Wang ,&nbsp;Zhandong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advancement of agricultural mechanization has led to soil compaction and an increased thickness of the plow layer in the North China Plain. By contrast, subsoiling tillage can disrupt the plow layer, enhance the cultivation environment of the soil, and promote crop growth. Nevertheless, such changes in tillage methods often disrupt conventional irrigation systems, highlighting the need to explore alternative approaches. This study employed microsprinkler irrigation, a prevalent irrigation method in crop production, to evaluate how different irrigation regimes affect crop growth in subsoiled fields. Three irrigation lower limits are established in subsoil plots: 70 %FC (MS-H), 60 %FC (MS-M), and 50 %FC (MS-L). For comparison, the study included a 70 %FC surface irrigation treatment with subsoiling (ST) and a 70 %FC surface irrigation treatment without subsoiling (RT). Results indicated that subsoiling border irrigation (ST) increased topsoil moisture and water uptake in the 0–60-cm soil layer. This enhanced water availability led to greater overall water consumption during grain filling, a delayed post-anthesis biomass accumulation, and an extended grain-filling stage, ultimately contributing to increased grain yield. The MS-L treatment increased the utilization of deep soil water owing to lower topsoil water content. However, this limited biomass accumulation leads to early termination of post-anthesis biomass accumulation, a drop in the rate of grain filling, a reduction in the length of grain filling, and a decrease in grain weight. The MS-M treatment, which mainly absorbs water from the 0–30-cm soil layer, considerably increased deep soil water consumption and the duration of post-anthesis biomass accumulation, resulting in a 4.5-day extension of the grain-filling stage and a notable increase in grain weight. While MS-H maintained adequate topsoil moisture, its deep soil water consumption was lower than that of MS-M, resulting in shorter biomass accumulation and grain-filling duration, though still longer than ST, as well as a grain weight not notably different from that of MS-M. Comprehensive TOPSIS analysis identified MS-M as the optimal irrigation regime. Consequently, establishing a 60 % field capacity irrigation threshold for microsprinkler regimes in subsoiled wheat fields effectively promotes deep soil water absorption, boosts biomass accumulation following anthesis, and enhances grain filling, ultimately improving winter wheat yields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 106343"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal variation in soil erodibility indicators of sloping croplands with different straw-incorporation rates","authors":"Shiqi Chen ,&nbsp;Guanghui Zhang ,&nbsp;Chengshu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil and crop characteristics are susceptible to straw-incorporation and can change considerably over time. These changes are likely to lead to variations in the soil structure, aggregate stability, and shear strength, thereby altering the soil erodibility. Currently, the temporal variation in the soil erodibility of sloping croplands affected by straw-incorporation rate (SIR) is unknown. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the temporal variation in soil erodibility using a comprehensive soil erodibility index (CSEI) with different SIRs, and to identify the dominant influencing factors in a small agricultural watershed in a semi-humid region. The CSEI was quantified using soil organic matter (SOM), K factor, structural stability index (SSI), slaking rate (SR), mean weight diameter (MWD), mean number of drop impacts (MND), soil cohesion (Coh), soil penetration resistance (PR), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks). The results demonstrated that nine soil erodibility indicators exhibited different changes over time during each growing season. Over time, SOM, SSI, Coh, and PR increased, whereas Ks decreased. No distinct variation was observed in the K factor. The MND and MWD generally increased and then decreased over time, whereas the SR showed the opposite trend. Soil erodibility indicators were strongly affected by the SIR. MND, MWD, Ks, Coh, SSI, and SOM were positively correlated with SIR, whereas the K factor, PR, and SR were negatively correlated. CSEI under different SIR showed significant differences in fluctuations with temporal variation (p &lt; 0.05). Compared to the control treatment, the mean CSEI was reduced by 21 %, 36 %, 40 %, 53 %, 66 %, and 56 % for straw-incorporation rates of 1.125, 2.25, 4.5, 6.75, 9, and 13.5 t hm⁻², respectively. The main factors influencing temporal variation in the CSEI were aboveground biomass, root mass density, straw residual mass density (SRD), and straw decomposition amount (SD). The effects of SRD and SD on CSEI were the greatest at 60 d after straw incorporation. Thus, straw-incorporation can effectively reduce soil erosion. For semi-humid regions with high soil organic matter content, the optimal SIR was 9.0 t hm⁻².</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 106340"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agriculture intensification in subtropical crop systems and its potential to sequester carbon in soils","authors":"Daniel Ruiz Potma Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Lucas Pecci Canisares ,&nbsp;Hélio Antonio Joris Wood ,&nbsp;Gabriel Barth ,&nbsp;Alberto Peper ,&nbsp;Jonatas Galvan ,&nbsp;Adriano Anselmi","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soils are the third largest carbon pool on Earth. This underscores the significance of soil carbon sequestration as a prominent strategy for global climate change mitigation, especially in countries with strong agricultural backgrounds. Numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of conservation agriculture in SOC sequestration. However, little is known about how intensified and diversified crop systems affect SOC dynamics. The relationship between crop intensification, diversification and carbon storage is intricate and context-dependent, contingent upon factors such as crop varieties, management practices, local climate, and soil conditions. This study, conducted in Southeastern Brazil, investigates the impact of crop intensification and diversification systems on SOC sequestration and assesses the current capacity to predict SOC increase using Century model. We found that crop system intensification promoted SOC increase from 2020 to 2022, especially when associated with diversification including legumes and brassicas during the winter (from 54.76 to 56.66 Mg ha⁻¹). Although the systems do not differ statistically, the difference average between systems is growing yearly (from 0.7 to 4.1 Mg ha⁻¹ from less to more intensified and diversified system), the experiment’s short period can be a reason for these findings. The predications overestimated SOC increase rate for less intensified systems and underestimated SOC increase rates for more intensified systems. Adjustments in future models regarding SOC stabilization in subtropical soils minerals like Fe and Al oxides may reduce this prediction gap. Our study also contributes to the ongoing discussion on soil carbon dynamics and its pivotal role in mitigating climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 106330"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}