Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.106490
Bo Jing, Wenjuan Shi, Tao Chen, Zhongmin Zhai, Jiawen Song
In maize/soybean intercropping system, achieving optimal yields depends on a thorough understanding of the complex interactions occurring in the belowground processes. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was conducted to assess crop productivity, root distribution, and soil water distribution and utilization in response to underground interaction (UI) and underground separation (US) under three irrigation levels (60 %, 80 %, and 100 % ETc, represented by W1, W2, W3, respectively) in maize/soybean intercropping system. The results indicated that the UI not only significantly increased the maize yield but also enhanced its root length density and root investment, thereby improving its root competitive ability compared to the US; but the UI had negative effects on these indicators for soybean. US resulted in soil water differences between the maize and soybean sides, with higher soil water levels observed on the soybean side compared to the maize side. In contrast, under UI, the soil water differences were minimal, soil water transport from the soybean side to the maize side facilitated complementary water uptake, thereby enhancing the water use efficiency of maize. Furthermore, as the irrigation level increased, the yields, root length densities, soil water content, and soil water transport of both maize and soybean increased. However, increased irrigation level reduced the advantages of interspecific underground interactions and the water use efficiency. Under UI, correlation analysis revealed significant positive relationships among most measured parameters, with the exception of water use efficiency, which exhibited a negative correlation with evapotranspiration. Radar chart analysis demonstrated distinct performance patterns across irrigation levels under UI: W3 showed superior results in soil water content and evapotranspiration, W2 showed balanced performance across all indicators, while W1 excelled in water use efficiency. These findings highlight the importance of underground interactions and irrigation management in optimizing crop productivity and water use efficiency in maize/soybean intercropping system.
{"title":"Optimizing root distribution and water use efficiency in maize/soybean intercropping under different irrigation levels: The role of underground interactions","authors":"Bo Jing, Wenjuan Shi, Tao Chen, Zhongmin Zhai, Jiawen Song","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In maize/soybean intercropping system, achieving optimal yields depends on a thorough understanding of the complex interactions occurring in the belowground processes. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was conducted to assess crop productivity, root distribution, and soil water distribution and utilization in response to underground interaction (UI) and underground separation (US) under three irrigation levels (60 %, 80 %, and 100 % ETc, represented by W1, W2, W3, respectively) in maize/soybean intercropping system. The results indicated that the UI not only significantly increased the maize yield but also enhanced its root length density and root investment, thereby improving its root competitive ability compared to the US; but the UI had negative effects on these indicators for soybean. US resulted in soil water differences between the maize and soybean sides, with higher soil water levels observed on the soybean side compared to the maize side. In contrast, under UI, the soil water differences were minimal, soil water transport from the soybean side to the maize side facilitated complementary water uptake, thereby enhancing the water use efficiency of maize. Furthermore, as the irrigation level increased, the yields, root length densities, soil water content, and soil water transport of both maize and soybean increased. However, increased irrigation level reduced the advantages of interspecific underground interactions and the water use efficiency. Under UI, correlation analysis revealed significant positive relationships among most measured parameters, with the exception of water use efficiency, which exhibited a negative correlation with evapotranspiration. Radar chart analysis demonstrated distinct performance patterns across irrigation levels under UI: W3 showed superior results in soil water content and evapotranspiration, W2 showed balanced performance across all indicators, while W1 excelled in water use efficiency. These findings highlight the importance of underground interactions and irrigation management in optimizing crop productivity and water use efficiency in maize/soybean intercropping system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 106490"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.106481
Fan Ma , Xinsheng Han , Liang Liu , Yanfang Hao , Xianghui Lu
The soil erosion resistance (SER) is a critical property of soils with respect to their ability to resist the erosive force exerted by the overland flow. Various flume-based methodologies were utilized to investigate that property and abundant datasets of SER had been established. Meanwhile, a unique methodology for the assessment of SER, the “anti-scourability methodology” (ASM), proposed by Chinese researchers had been widely used across China for more than 60 years and rich data had been obtained. In recent years, several reports using the ASM had appeared in international journals in English, which implied a potential spread of the methodology outside China in the future. However, the ASM had some intrinsic drawbacks that would impede its worldwide application, although it is a simple and practical methodology. This paper discussed the connection between the ASM and the commonly adopted “detachability methodology” (DTM), and compared their performances in the assessment of SER based on a case study on the Loess Plateau using a modified desk-top scouring flume. The results showed that the ASM and DTM are both under the flume-based methodology framework and the index values of ASM could be transformed into the soil detachment rate values. However, as a methodology in the “pre-model-era”, the ASM could only give researchers an overall picture of SER under different soil management conditions, rather than mechanistic understandings of soil detachment process compared to the DTM. The small-sized flumes typically used in the ASM might not distinguish the differences of SER between sufficiently revegetated land use types due to the low level of hydraulic design. Nevertheless, the ASM could be a useful tool for the long-term monitoring of SER across large landscapes because of its low costs and simplicity. To enhance this simple and practical approach, the upper limit of flow discharge of flumes should be no less than that used in the DTM researches (e.g., no less than 25 m2 h−1 in most researches), therefore to obtain scouring forces strong enough to distinguish the SER across a broad range of soil types and management conditions. This is the first study that clarified the nature of ASM as an empirical simple tool for the assessment of SER and proposed its potential application outside China. Meanwhile, we suggested that the existing data of soil anti-scourability indices should be synthesized for further study.
{"title":"Is “soil anti-scourability” a rational methodology for assessing soil erosion resistance? Insights from a case study and a concise discussion","authors":"Fan Ma , Xinsheng Han , Liang Liu , Yanfang Hao , Xianghui Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The soil erosion resistance (SER) is a critical property of soils with respect to their ability to resist the erosive force exerted by the overland flow. Various flume-based methodologies were utilized to investigate that property and abundant datasets of SER had been established. Meanwhile, a unique methodology for the assessment of SER, the “anti-scourability methodology” (ASM), proposed by Chinese researchers had been widely used across China for more than 60 years and rich data had been obtained. In recent years, several reports using the ASM had appeared in international journals in English, which implied a potential spread of the methodology outside China in the future. However, the ASM had some intrinsic drawbacks that would impede its worldwide application, although it is a simple and practical methodology. This paper discussed the connection between the ASM and the commonly adopted “detachability methodology” (DTM), and compared their performances in the assessment of SER based on a case study on the Loess Plateau using a modified desk-top scouring flume. The results showed that the ASM and DTM are both under the flume-based methodology framework and the index values of ASM could be transformed into the soil detachment rate values. However, as a methodology in the “pre-model-era”, the ASM could only give researchers an overall picture of SER under different soil management conditions, rather than mechanistic understandings of soil detachment process compared to the DTM. The small-sized flumes typically used in the ASM might not distinguish the differences of SER between sufficiently revegetated land use types due to the low level of hydraulic design. Nevertheless, the ASM could be a useful tool for the long-term monitoring of SER across large landscapes because of its low costs and simplicity. To enhance this simple and practical approach, the upper limit of flow discharge of flumes should be no less than that used in the DTM researches (e.g., no less than 25 m<sup>2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> in most researches), therefore to obtain scouring forces strong enough to distinguish the SER across a broad range of soil types and management conditions. This is the first study that clarified the nature of ASM as an empirical simple tool for the assessment of SER and proposed its potential application outside China. Meanwhile, we suggested that the existing data of soil anti-scourability indices should be synthesized for further study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 106481"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143351001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.106477
Dingzun Shao, Yi He, Yue Zhai, Xiangxia Yang, Zhenhua Guo, Jinfang Tan, Mi Wei
The application of Bacillus combinations is a promising strategy to increase plant growth by increasing phosphorus availability in different soil environments. In this study, we investigated the effects of Bacillus inoculation on tomato seedling growth in Haplic Chernozems, Haplic Calcisols, and Haplic Luvisols soils. The results revealed that Bacillus colonization varied significantly among the soil types, with better colonization observed in the Haplic Calcisols and Haplic Luvisols soils, which was positively correlated with the total phosphorus content of the soil. Inoculation significantly increased tomato plant height and weight, particularly in Haplic Calcisols and Haplic Luvisols soils, due to the activation of insoluble phosphorus by increased alkaline phosphatase and phytase activities. Furthermore, Bacillus combinations modulated the rhizosphere microbial community structure and function, increasing the abundance of key genera such as Streptomyces in the Haplic Calcisols soil, Pseudoxanthomonas and Flavihumibacter in the Haplic Luvisols soil, and Flavisolibacter in the Haplic Chernozems soil. These changes facilitated phosphorus solubilization and nutrient uptake, which was supported by increased levels of rhizosphere organic acids. Functional predictions revealed that Bacillus inoculation enhanced processes related to nutrient cycling, biofilm formation, and phytohormone production, contributing to improved plant growth. Our findings highlight the importance of soil-specific responses to microbial inoculation and provide insights into the mechanisms by which Bacillus combinations promote phosphorus availability and plant growth. This study provides a foundation for the targeted application of Bacillus biofertilizers to optimize soil fertility and sustainable agricultural practices.
{"title":"Mechanisms of tomato growth promotion in three soils after applying Bacillus combinations","authors":"Dingzun Shao, Yi He, Yue Zhai, Xiangxia Yang, Zhenhua Guo, Jinfang Tan, Mi Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of <em>Bacillus</em> combinations is a promising strategy to increase plant growth by increasing phosphorus availability in different soil environments. In this study, we investigated the effects of <em>Bacillus</em> inoculation on tomato seedling growth in Haplic Chernozems, Haplic Calcisols, and Haplic Luvisols soils. The results revealed that <em>Bacillus</em> colonization varied significantly among the soil types, with better colonization observed in the Haplic Calcisols and Haplic Luvisols soils, which was positively correlated with the total phosphorus content of the soil. Inoculation significantly increased tomato plant height and weight, particularly in Haplic Calcisols and Haplic Luvisols soils, due to the activation of insoluble phosphorus by increased alkaline phosphatase and phytase activities. Furthermore, <em>Bacillus</em> combinations modulated the rhizosphere microbial community structure and function, increasing the abundance of key genera such as <em>Streptomyces</em> in the Haplic Calcisols soil, <em>Pseudoxanthomonas</em> and <em>Flavihumibacter</em> in the Haplic Luvisols soil, and <em>Flavisolibacter</em> in the Haplic Chernozems soil. These changes facilitated phosphorus solubilization and nutrient uptake, which was supported by increased levels of rhizosphere organic acids. Functional predictions revealed that <em>Bacillus</em> inoculation enhanced processes related to nutrient cycling, biofilm formation, and phytohormone production, contributing to improved plant growth. Our findings highlight the importance of soil-specific responses to microbial inoculation and provide insights into the mechanisms by which <em>Bacillus</em> combinations promote phosphorus availability and plant growth. This study provides a foundation for the targeted application of <em>Bacillus</em> biofertilizers to optimize soil fertility and sustainable agricultural practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 106477"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143325208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.106480
Zhongmin Zhai, Wenjuan Shi, Lu Liu, Bo Jing
In arid and barren northwest of China, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer not only did not increase nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)and yield of crops, but also caused serious ecological environment pollution. Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a non-toxic and harmless polymer with good water and fertilizer retention ability. However, there is still a lack of relevant research on how γ-PGA affects crop productivity and nitrogen footprint in farmland ecosystems under film mulching conditions. Therefore, this study conducted the field experiment in oasis on the desert edge from 2021 to 2022 to explore effects of different γ-PGA applied rates (0,20,60 and 80 kg ha−1) on soil nitrogen content, NH3 volatilization, yield and NUE under mulched drip irrigation, and to determine the optimal γ-PGA application strategy. The results showed that with increase of γ-PGA application rates, soil mineral nitrogen accumulation increased, cumulative NH3 volatilization loss decreased first and then increased, maize yield increased first and then decreased, and NUE increased first and then decreased. Compared with P0 (without adding γ-PGA),γ-PGA maintained the content of NO-3-N and NH+4-N in 0–100 cm depth, and increased mineral nitrogen accumulation. In addition,γ-PGA treatments decreased cumulative NH3 volatilization loss by 8.38 %-19.39 %, promoted nitrogen uptake of each organ, increased leaf area index (LAI)and aboveground dry matter. Therefore, γ-PGA increased corn yield by 4.94 %-21.60 %, increased NUE by 4.94 %-21.60 %, and decreased nitrogen loss. Moreover, through the Gaussian optimization model and combined with the local actual situation, the optimal γ-PGA application strategy in the region was determined to be 70 kg ha−1. The result will provide a further information for improving fertilizer efficiency and reducing agricultural ecological environment pollution in corn under mulched drip irrigation, ensuring sustainable agricultural development and the health of the ecological environment.
{"title":"Poly-γ-glutamic acid enhances corn nitrogen use efficiency and yield by decreasing gaseous nitrogen loss and increasing mineral nitrogen accumulation","authors":"Zhongmin Zhai, Wenjuan Shi, Lu Liu, Bo Jing","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In arid and barren northwest of China, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer not only did not increase nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)and yield of crops, but also caused serious ecological environment pollution. Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a non-toxic and harmless polymer with good water and fertilizer retention ability. However, there is still a lack of relevant research on how γ-PGA affects crop productivity and nitrogen footprint in farmland ecosystems under film mulching conditions. Therefore, this study conducted the field experiment in oasis on the desert edge from 2021 to 2022 to explore effects of different γ-PGA applied rates (0,20,60 and 80 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) on soil nitrogen content, NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization, yield and NUE under mulched drip irrigation, and to determine the optimal γ-PGA application strategy. The results showed that with increase of γ-PGA application rates, soil mineral nitrogen accumulation increased, cumulative NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization loss decreased first and then increased, maize yield increased first and then decreased, and NUE increased first and then decreased. Compared with P0 (without adding γ-PGA),γ-PGA maintained the content of NO<sup>-</sup><sub>3</sub>-N and NH<sup>+</sup><sub>4</sub>-N in 0–100 cm depth, and increased mineral nitrogen accumulation. In addition,γ-PGA treatments decreased cumulative NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization loss by 8.38 %-19.39 %, promoted nitrogen uptake of each organ, increased leaf area index (LAI)and aboveground dry matter. Therefore, γ-PGA increased corn yield by 4.94 %-21.60 %, increased NUE by 4.94 %-21.60 %, and decreased nitrogen loss. Moreover, through the Gaussian optimization model and combined with the local actual situation, the optimal γ-PGA application strategy in the region was determined to be 70 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>. The result will provide a further information for improving fertilizer efficiency and reducing agricultural ecological environment pollution in corn under mulched drip irrigation, ensuring sustainable agricultural development and the health of the ecological environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 106480"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143325156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.106474
Jia Xu , Yidi Qin , A.Liman Kakewati , Shuchao Liu , Paul D. Hallett , Gang Liu
Cracking from soil desiccation is a common phenomenon. Stress analysis based on transient spatial distribution of soil water and fracture mechanics has been extensively applied in studying the development of soil cracks. Nevertheless, the existing experiments and theoretical models for soil crack development generally ignore the interaction between cracks, and lack quantitative analysis of the transient evolution of crack length L(t) and crack strength I(t). This study explored the transient evolution of soil and montmorillonite shrinkage and cracking by analyzing the images from both field and laboratory experiments. Our study demonstrated that in the initial stages of drying, newly formed cracks accelerated the soil moisture evaporation near the crack opening interface, resulting in a rapid increase in stress, which promoted an exponential growth of the cracks. Subsequently, the general case where two or more parallel cracks have a mutual shielding interaction led to slowing down and saturation of their development. The experimental L(t) and I(t) curves for the S-shape could be well-fitted by introducing the existence of a competitive relationship between cracks. The experimental results also showed that the I(t) curve lagged behind L(t). The shielding effect between cracks was also supported by imaging of all crack samples. Hence, the single-crack model commonly used in traditional soil desiccation cracking studies is unsuitable for analyzing cracks in soil samples. Finally, the analysis of the concave-shaped soil shrinkage characteristic curve (SSCC) and the concave-shaped the soil water evaporation curve for all soil samples revealed that they could not explain the S-shaped L(t) and I(t) curves. Therefore, the plausibility of the single or isolated crack model for the evolution of soil drying and cracking was excluded. Finally, this experimental study proposed the hypothesis that the saturation phenomena of L(t) and I(t) are likely due to the competition between cracks for the release of strain energy caused by drying.
{"title":"Morphology-based mechanism of desiccation cracking in soil and montmorillonite","authors":"Jia Xu , Yidi Qin , A.Liman Kakewati , Shuchao Liu , Paul D. Hallett , Gang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cracking from soil desiccation is a common phenomenon. Stress analysis based on transient spatial distribution of soil water and fracture mechanics has been extensively applied in studying the development of soil cracks. Nevertheless, the existing experiments and theoretical models for soil crack development generally ignore the interaction between cracks, and lack quantitative analysis of the transient evolution of crack length <em>L</em>(<em>t</em>) and crack strength <em>I</em>(<em>t</em>). This study explored the transient evolution of soil and montmorillonite shrinkage and cracking by analyzing the images from both field and laboratory experiments. Our study demonstrated that in the initial stages of drying, newly formed cracks accelerated the soil moisture evaporation near the crack opening interface, resulting in a rapid increase in stress, which promoted an exponential growth of the cracks. Subsequently, the general case where two or more parallel cracks have a mutual shielding interaction led to slowing down and saturation of their development. The experimental <em>L</em>(<em>t</em>) and <em>I</em>(<em>t</em>) curves for the S-shape could be well-fitted by introducing the existence of a competitive relationship between cracks. The experimental results also showed that the <em>I</em>(<em>t</em>) curve lagged behind <em>L</em>(<em>t</em>). The shielding effect between cracks was also supported by imaging of all crack samples. Hence, the single-crack model commonly used in traditional soil desiccation cracking studies is unsuitable for analyzing cracks in soil samples. Finally, the analysis of the concave-shaped soil shrinkage characteristic curve (SSCC) and the concave-shaped the soil water evaporation curve for all soil samples revealed that they could not explain the S-shaped <em>L</em>(<em>t</em>) and <em>I</em>(<em>t</em>) curves. Therefore, the plausibility of the single or isolated crack model for the evolution of soil drying and cracking was excluded. Finally, this experimental study proposed the hypothesis that the saturation phenomena of <em>L</em>(<em>t</em>) and <em>I</em>(<em>t</em>) are likely due to the competition between cracks for the release of strain energy caused by drying.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 106474"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143325190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.106479
Zhe Zhang , Zhiyao Wang , Shaoming Ye , Shengqiang Wang
Successive cultivation of Chinese fir affects soil phosphorus (P) adsorption-desorption characteristics by altering both abiotic and biotic factors, such as soil aggregate size and microbial activities. However, previous studies have predominantly focused on individual factors (abiotic or biotic factors) without considering their combined effects on soil P adsorption-desorption characteristics. To address the research gaps, this study was conducted to investigate the response of abiotic factors (P forms, soil organic matters (SOM), iron and aluminum oxides (Fe2O3 and Al2O3) concentrations, and aggregate sizes) and biotic factors (microbial activities) to Chinese fir stand ages (control, 9-yr, 17-yr, and 26-yr) and how the combined relationship affect P adsorption-desorption characteristics in Chinese fir plantations. The results showed that under the same initial P concentration (0.0, 0.3, 1.5, 3.0, 10.0, 20.0, and 50.0 mg L−1), parameters of P adsorption-desorption characteristics including the quantity of stable adsorption P, quantity of stable desorption P, adsorption P rate, and desorption P rate in macro-aggregates (> 0.25 mm) were significantly higher than that in the micro-aggregates (< 0.25 mm). However, in 26-yr of Chinese fir plantations, parameters of P adsorption-desorption characteristics within almost all aggregate fractions significantly decreased, driven by declines in inorganic P, SOM, amorphous Fe2O3 and Al2O3, macro-aggregates, and microbial biomass (as indicated by PLFAs). The order of factors affecting P adsorption-desorption characteristics variation is P forms, SOM, microbial biomass, and Fe2O3 and Al2O3. The results of this study indicate crucial factors affecting the P adsorption-desorption process, with a combined effect of abiotic factors within the culture of Chinese fir. Therefore, to prevent significant soil P losses and promote P utilization efficiency, it is crucial to consider the combined impacts of abiotic and biotic factors on soil P cycling characteristics across different stand ages during Chinese fir cultivation.
{"title":"Dynamic changes of soil aggregate-associated phosphorus adsorption-desorption characteristics in a chronosequence of Chinese fir plantations","authors":"Zhe Zhang , Zhiyao Wang , Shaoming Ye , Shengqiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Successive cultivation of Chinese fir affects soil phosphorus (P) adsorption-desorption characteristics by altering both abiotic and biotic factors, such as soil aggregate size and microbial activities. However, previous studies have predominantly focused on individual factors (abiotic or biotic factors) without considering their combined effects on soil P adsorption-desorption characteristics. To address the research gaps, this study was conducted to investigate the response of abiotic factors (P forms, soil organic matters (SOM), iron and aluminum oxides (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) concentrations, and aggregate sizes) and biotic factors (microbial activities) to Chinese fir stand ages (control, 9-yr, 17-yr, and 26-yr) and how the combined relationship affect P adsorption-desorption characteristics in Chinese fir plantations. The results showed that under the same initial P concentration (0.0, 0.3, 1.5, 3.0, 10.0, 20.0, and 50.0 mg L<sup>−1</sup>), parameters of P adsorption-desorption characteristics including the quantity of stable adsorption P, quantity of stable desorption P, adsorption P rate, and desorption P rate in macro-aggregates (> 0.25 mm) were significantly higher than that in the micro-aggregates (< 0.25 mm). However, in 26-yr of Chinese fir plantations, parameters of P adsorption-desorption characteristics within almost all aggregate fractions significantly decreased, driven by declines in inorganic P, SOM, amorphous Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, macro-aggregates, and microbial biomass (as indicated by PLFAs). The order of factors affecting P adsorption-desorption characteristics variation is P forms, SOM, microbial biomass, and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. The results of this study indicate crucial factors affecting the P adsorption-desorption process, with a combined effect of abiotic factors within the culture of Chinese fir. Therefore, to prevent significant soil P losses and promote P utilization efficiency, it is crucial to consider the combined impacts of abiotic and biotic factors on soil P cycling characteristics across different stand ages during Chinese fir cultivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 106479"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143357313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.106472
Nasrin Saadati , Mohammad R. Mosaddeghi , Mohammad R. Sabzalian , Mehrnoosh Jafari
<div><div>Although the soil reinforcement by fibrous roots has been studied, the interaction impacts of endophyte symbiosis and plant genotype on mechanical characteristics of rooted soil have not been investigated yet. This study was conducted to explore the effects of endophyte symbiosis (<em>Epichloë coenophiala</em>) with tall fescue (<em>Festuca arundinacea</em>) genotypes (75B and 75 C) on root reinforcement of a sandy clay loam soil. Glasshouse grown plants with (E+) and without (E−) endophytes were tested for shear characteristics (i.e., shear strength, <em>S</em><sub>f</sub>, relative shear displacement, RSD<sub>f</sub>, and strain energy, <em>E</em><sub>strain</sub>) at depths of 10, 25 and 40 cm and two matric potentials (–10 and 0 kPa) measured using a large direct shear machine. Soil reinforcement by roots was related to root area ratio (RAR, ratio of root area to soil cross-section area), chemical composition and biomechanical characteristics (i.e., tensile strength, <em>σ</em><sub>Y</sub>, and tensile strain-at-failure, <em>ϵ</em><sub>Y</sub>, determined by an Instron universal tension-compression device). The roots increased <em>S</em><sub>f</sub>, RSD<sub>f</sub> and <em>E</em><sub>strain</sub> by 4.1x, 4.5x and 14.5x compared to the root-free soil, respectively, with endophytes causing a further increase for 75 C but not for 75B. Cellulose and cellulose/lignin ratio were higher in the 75 C roots than the 75B roots. Cellulose, cellulose/lignin ratio, <em>σ</em><sub>Y</sub> and <em>ϵ</em><sub>Y</sub> were always greater in the E+ plants than in the E− ones, although the effect of endophyte was more noticeable in 75 C. Largest reinforcement was recorded for 75 C E+ (i.e., <em>S</em><sub>f</sub> of 36.5 kPa, RSD<sub>f</sub> of 29.1 %, and <em>E</em><sub>strain</sub> of 5.89 kJ m<sup>−3</sup>), followed by 75B E+ > 75B E– ≈ 75 C E–, directly related to ruptured+stretched roots’ numbers, RAR, root cellulose, cellulose/lignin ratio, <em>σ</em><sub>Y</sub> and <em>ϵ</em><sub>Y</sub>. Compared to <em>S</em><sub>f</sub> and RSD<sub>f</sub>, the <em>E</em><sub>strain</sub> better discriminated the reinforcing effect of root/endophyte. Lower reinforcement was observed at saturated condition, and root/endophyte moderated the influence of matric potential on soil reinforcement. The 75 C roots (irrespective of endophyte) could effectively reinforce the soil (high slopes of <em>S</em><sub>f</sub>–RAR relations). But, the reinforcing effect of 75B E– roots was low and significantly increased due to endophyte presence. The 75 C roots predominantly reinforced upper layers while 75B roots mainly reinforced lower layers. In 75 C, endophyte’s effect was significant for depths > 10 cm; however, the endophyte’s effect in 75B was significant for depth of 10 cm. The 75 C roots could effectively reinforce soil irrespective of matric potential, but 75B roots mainly reinforced unsaturated soil. Overall, genotype selection of tall fescue associated wit
{"title":"Impact of Epichloë fungal endophyte-tall fescue symbiosis on mechanical characteristics of rooted soil depending on the host genotype","authors":"Nasrin Saadati , Mohammad R. Mosaddeghi , Mohammad R. Sabzalian , Mehrnoosh Jafari","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although the soil reinforcement by fibrous roots has been studied, the interaction impacts of endophyte symbiosis and plant genotype on mechanical characteristics of rooted soil have not been investigated yet. This study was conducted to explore the effects of endophyte symbiosis (<em>Epichloë coenophiala</em>) with tall fescue (<em>Festuca arundinacea</em>) genotypes (75B and 75 C) on root reinforcement of a sandy clay loam soil. Glasshouse grown plants with (E+) and without (E−) endophytes were tested for shear characteristics (i.e., shear strength, <em>S</em><sub>f</sub>, relative shear displacement, RSD<sub>f</sub>, and strain energy, <em>E</em><sub>strain</sub>) at depths of 10, 25 and 40 cm and two matric potentials (–10 and 0 kPa) measured using a large direct shear machine. Soil reinforcement by roots was related to root area ratio (RAR, ratio of root area to soil cross-section area), chemical composition and biomechanical characteristics (i.e., tensile strength, <em>σ</em><sub>Y</sub>, and tensile strain-at-failure, <em>ϵ</em><sub>Y</sub>, determined by an Instron universal tension-compression device). The roots increased <em>S</em><sub>f</sub>, RSD<sub>f</sub> and <em>E</em><sub>strain</sub> by 4.1x, 4.5x and 14.5x compared to the root-free soil, respectively, with endophytes causing a further increase for 75 C but not for 75B. Cellulose and cellulose/lignin ratio were higher in the 75 C roots than the 75B roots. Cellulose, cellulose/lignin ratio, <em>σ</em><sub>Y</sub> and <em>ϵ</em><sub>Y</sub> were always greater in the E+ plants than in the E− ones, although the effect of endophyte was more noticeable in 75 C. Largest reinforcement was recorded for 75 C E+ (i.e., <em>S</em><sub>f</sub> of 36.5 kPa, RSD<sub>f</sub> of 29.1 %, and <em>E</em><sub>strain</sub> of 5.89 kJ m<sup>−3</sup>), followed by 75B E+ > 75B E– ≈ 75 C E–, directly related to ruptured+stretched roots’ numbers, RAR, root cellulose, cellulose/lignin ratio, <em>σ</em><sub>Y</sub> and <em>ϵ</em><sub>Y</sub>. Compared to <em>S</em><sub>f</sub> and RSD<sub>f</sub>, the <em>E</em><sub>strain</sub> better discriminated the reinforcing effect of root/endophyte. Lower reinforcement was observed at saturated condition, and root/endophyte moderated the influence of matric potential on soil reinforcement. The 75 C roots (irrespective of endophyte) could effectively reinforce the soil (high slopes of <em>S</em><sub>f</sub>–RAR relations). But, the reinforcing effect of 75B E– roots was low and significantly increased due to endophyte presence. The 75 C roots predominantly reinforced upper layers while 75B roots mainly reinforced lower layers. In 75 C, endophyte’s effect was significant for depths > 10 cm; however, the endophyte’s effect in 75B was significant for depth of 10 cm. The 75 C roots could effectively reinforce soil irrespective of matric potential, but 75B roots mainly reinforced unsaturated soil. Overall, genotype selection of tall fescue associated wit","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 106472"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.106476
Van M. Dinh , Le N.H. Pham , Ngan T. Nguyen , Quan T. Dang , Phuong M. Le , Linh T. Nguyen , Anh T.Q. Nguyen , Minh N. Nguyen
Earthworm casts are a seasonal and freshly formed part of soil that contains highly reactive compounds, including nutrients, e.g., phosphorus and sulfur, and toxic elements, e.g., arsenic (As). Casts are dissociated and lost due to biodecomposition or field care practices. However, there exists a knowledge gap concerning the dissociation of casts and the fate of associated compounds, particularly As. Dissociation of the microstructure of earthworm casts is hypothesized to result in the release of As, and in this study, this phenomenon was investigated under an atmosphere consisting of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a common anoxic gas in paddy environments. Batch experiments were carried out over a time span of 10 days. Factors such as zeta potential (ζ), hydrodynamic size (dh) and transmission (T), which reflect possible electrostatic interactions and the dissociation dynamics of cast suspensions, were evaluated by dynamic light scattering and test tube-based analysis methods. The amounts of As and other elements (e.g., P, Si, Fe, dissolved organic carbon) released from the cast suspensions were also tracked. The results show that the ζ, dh, and T values of the cast suspensions decreased over time, while pH increased. Cast samples exhibited a less negatively charged surface, smaller size, and higher dispersibility in the presence of H2S compared to samples without H2S. Intensified releases of Fe, Si and DOC were also observed in the presence of H2S. This suggests that H2S facilitated the dissociation of the casts by dissolving cast constituents such as Fe oxides, silicates and organic matter. It can be inferred that the formation/diffusion of H2S in soil, particularly sulfate-containing soils, can accelerate cast cycling and mobilize cast-containing pollutants (e.g., As). Therefore, field management practices that reduce the reactivity of H2S need to be considered.
{"title":"Hydrogen sulfide and earthworm casts can synergistically increase the cycling rate of soil arsenic","authors":"Van M. Dinh , Le N.H. Pham , Ngan T. Nguyen , Quan T. Dang , Phuong M. Le , Linh T. Nguyen , Anh T.Q. Nguyen , Minh N. Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Earthworm casts are a seasonal and freshly formed part of soil that contains highly reactive compounds, including nutrients, e.g., phosphorus and sulfur, and toxic elements, e.g., arsenic (As). Casts are dissociated and lost due to biodecomposition or field care practices. However, there exists a knowledge gap concerning the dissociation of casts and the fate of associated compounds, particularly As. Dissociation of the microstructure of earthworm casts is hypothesized to result in the release of As, and in this study, this phenomenon was investigated under an atmosphere consisting of hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S), a common anoxic gas in paddy environments. Batch experiments were carried out over a time span of 10 days. Factors such as zeta potential (ζ), hydrodynamic size (d<sub>h</sub>) and transmission (T), which reflect possible electrostatic interactions and the dissociation dynamics of cast suspensions, were evaluated by dynamic light scattering and test tube-based analysis methods. The amounts of As and other elements (e.g., P, Si, Fe, dissolved organic carbon) released from the cast suspensions were also tracked. The results show that the ζ, d<sub>h</sub>, and T values of the cast suspensions decreased over time, while pH increased. Cast samples exhibited a less negatively charged surface, smaller size, and higher dispersibility in the presence of H<sub>2</sub>S compared to samples without H<sub>2</sub>S. Intensified releases of Fe, Si and DOC were also observed in the presence of H<sub>2</sub>S. This suggests that H<sub>2</sub>S facilitated the dissociation of the casts by dissolving cast constituents such as Fe oxides, silicates and organic matter. It can be inferred that the formation/diffusion of H<sub>2</sub>S in soil, particularly sulfate-containing soils, can accelerate cast cycling and mobilize cast-containing pollutants (e.g., As). Therefore, field management practices that reduce the reactivity of H<sub>2</sub>S need to be considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 106476"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.106475
Xingnan Liu , Mingchang Wang , Ziwei Liu , Xiaoyan Li , Xue Ji , Fengyan Wang
Soil organic matter content (SOMC) is decreasing in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China (BSRNC) due to the combined impacts of prolonged agricultural reclamation, climate change, and soil erosion. As an essential soil quality indicator, it is urgent to analyze the dynamic characteristics of Soil organic matter (SOM). This study aims to evaluate the spatial and temporal dynamics of SOMC and identify the factors driving these changes. Two sets of soil data collected in the 1980s and 2020 were compared in the southern part of BSRNC. Five machine learning models were used to estimate the spatial distribution of surface SOMC during these two periods, and the accuracy of the five models was evaluated. Simultaneously, the factors leading to SOM's spatial variability and temporal change were assessed. The results showed that Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) had the best performance with R2 of 0.65 and 0.78 for the 1980s and 2020, respectively. Spatially, SOMC was lower and decreased more in the western saline agglomeration than in other parts of the study area. Soil properties (bulk density, silt, pH) and climate (temperature, precipitation) were key factors that affected the spatial variability in SOM. Temporally, SOMC decreased from 22.8 ± 4.5 g·kg−1 in the 1980s to 20.3 ± 4.4 g·kg−1 in 2020, and the average content reduced by 2.5 g·kg−1 overall. This study revealed that the loss of SOMC increases with soil erosion. Land use also affects change in SOM. The most severe decrease in SOM occurred when forests were reclaimed as drylands (-6.2 g·kg−1). In the past 40 years, increasing temperatures have been accompanied by a decrease in SOM, while increasing precipitation has had little positive effect on SOM. The coupled effect of land use change and soil erosion had the highest contribution rate to SOMC changes, at 8.66 %, followed by the independent effect of soil erosion at 6.40 %. To summarize, this study clarified spatial variability and temporal change in SOM and elucidated the mechanism of dynamic factors affecting SOM, which can guide the design of sustainable agricultural policies.
{"title":"Spatial and temporal evolution of soil organic matter and its response to dynamic factors in the Southern part of Black Soil Region of Northeast China","authors":"Xingnan Liu , Mingchang Wang , Ziwei Liu , Xiaoyan Li , Xue Ji , Fengyan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil organic matter content (SOMC) is decreasing in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China (BSRNC) due to the combined impacts of prolonged agricultural reclamation, climate change, and soil erosion. As an essential soil quality indicator, it is urgent to analyze the dynamic characteristics of Soil organic matter (SOM). This study aims to evaluate the spatial and temporal dynamics of SOMC and identify the factors driving these changes. Two sets of soil data collected in the 1980s and 2020 were compared in the southern part of BSRNC. Five machine learning models were used to estimate the spatial distribution of surface SOMC during these two periods, and the accuracy of the five models was evaluated. Simultaneously, the factors leading to SOM's spatial variability and temporal change were assessed. The results showed that Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) had the best performance with R<sup>2</sup> of 0.65 and 0.78 for the 1980s and 2020, respectively. Spatially, SOMC was lower and decreased more in the western saline agglomeration than in other parts of the study area. Soil properties (bulk density, silt, pH) and climate (temperature, precipitation) were key factors that affected the spatial variability in SOM. Temporally, SOMC decreased from 22.8 ± 4.5 g·kg<sup>−1</sup> in the 1980s to 20.3 ± 4.4 g·kg<sup>−1</sup> in 2020, and the average content reduced by 2.5 g·kg<sup>−1</sup> overall. This study revealed that the loss of SOMC increases with soil erosion. Land use also affects change in SOM. The most severe decrease in SOM occurred when forests were reclaimed as drylands (-6.2 g·kg<sup>−1</sup>). In the past 40 years, increasing temperatures have been accompanied by a decrease in SOM, while increasing precipitation has had little positive effect on SOM. The coupled effect of land use change and soil erosion had the highest contribution rate to SOMC changes, at 8.66 %, followed by the independent effect of soil erosion at 6.40 %. To summarize, this study clarified spatial variability and temporal change in SOM and elucidated the mechanism of dynamic factors affecting SOM, which can guide the design of sustainable agricultural policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 106475"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.106465
Ke Dang , Haofeng Liang , Shuqing Guo , Zihan Fan , Hongbing Li , Mingsheng Ma , Suiqi Zhang
Soil nutrient stoichiometric imbalance result in nutrient limitation for microbial metabolism, which subsequently affects the microbial community structure. However, the differences in microbial metabolic limitations and adaptive regulatory strategies of microorganisms in response to mulching practices and varying climatic conditions have not yet been fully clarified. This study evaluates three treatments, straw mulch planting (SM), plastic-film mulch planting (PM), and conventional flat planting (CK) to assess the response of microbial metabolic limitation and community structures to mulching measures across three climate zones: the temperate semi-arid zone (Yuzhong), the mid-temperate semi-arid zone (Dingxi), and the warm temperate semi-humid zone (Changwu) in the Loess Plateau, China. The results indicate that microbial metabolism had strong relative carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) limitations at our study sites. Soil nutrient imbalances caused by mulching measures under different climatic conditions alter the degree of microbial nutrient limitation. Compared with CK, microbial P limitation under the SM treatments was 5.9 % lower, with the largest reduction in Changwu, whereas the PM treatment increased microbial P limitation by 4.1 %, with the largest increase in Yuzhong. The microbial community structures in Yuzhong and Dingxi exhibit greater sensitivity to soil physicochemical properties and microbial metabolic limitations. The bacterial Chao1 index in PM in Yuzhong and Dingxi and the fungal Chao1 index in SM in Yuzhong significantly increased relative to CK. Mulching measures had no significant effect on bacterial and fungal diversity or bacterial abundance in Changwu. Furthermore, redundancy discriminant analysis demonstrated that the variable explanations of soil physicochemical properties, stoichiometry, and microbial resource limitations were higher in Yuzhong and Dingxi than in Changwu. Further, soil water content and vector angle were the main factors driving the separation of soil samples at the microbial order level. All in all, these results enhance our understanding of how mulching measures regulate microbial communities across different climatic regions, particularly in response to varying precipitation patterns. Further research is needed to determine how mulch-induced nutritional limitation changes the ecological functions of microbes in agroecosystems.
{"title":"Adaptive regulation of microbial community characteristics in response to nutrient limitations under mulching practices across distinct climate zones","authors":"Ke Dang , Haofeng Liang , Shuqing Guo , Zihan Fan , Hongbing Li , Mingsheng Ma , Suiqi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil nutrient stoichiometric imbalance result in nutrient limitation for microbial metabolism, which subsequently affects the microbial community structure. However, the differences in microbial metabolic limitations and adaptive regulatory strategies of microorganisms in response to mulching practices and varying climatic conditions have not yet been fully clarified. This study evaluates three treatments, straw mulch planting (SM), plastic-film mulch planting (PM), and conventional flat planting (CK) to assess the response of microbial metabolic limitation and community structures to mulching measures across three climate zones: the temperate semi-arid zone (Yuzhong), the mid-temperate semi-arid zone (Dingxi), and the warm temperate semi-humid zone (Changwu) in the Loess Plateau, China. The results indicate that microbial metabolism had strong relative carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) limitations at our study sites. Soil nutrient imbalances caused by mulching measures under different climatic conditions alter the degree of microbial nutrient limitation. Compared with CK, microbial P limitation under the SM treatments was 5.9 % lower, with the largest reduction in Changwu, whereas the PM treatment increased microbial P limitation by 4.1 %, with the largest increase in Yuzhong. The microbial community structures in Yuzhong and Dingxi exhibit greater sensitivity to soil physicochemical properties and microbial metabolic limitations. The bacterial Chao1 index in PM in Yuzhong and Dingxi and the fungal Chao1 index in SM in Yuzhong significantly increased relative to CK. Mulching measures had no significant effect on bacterial and fungal diversity or bacterial abundance in Changwu. Furthermore, redundancy discriminant analysis demonstrated that the variable explanations of soil physicochemical properties, stoichiometry, and microbial resource limitations were higher in Yuzhong and Dingxi than in Changwu. Further, soil water content and vector angle were the main factors driving the separation of soil samples at the microbial order level. All in all, these results enhance our understanding of how mulching measures regulate microbial communities across different climatic regions, particularly in response to varying precipitation patterns. Further research is needed to determine how mulch-induced nutritional limitation changes the ecological functions of microbes in agroecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 106465"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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