Soil & Tillage Research最新文献_第4页

A novel sample selection strategy for instance-based transfer learning in local soil organic carbon estimation 局部土壤有机碳估算中基于实例迁移学习的样本选择策略

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2026.107065

Kexin Liu , Jiayi Zhang , Zhengzheng Hao , Xiangyu Min , Songchao Chen , Bifeng Hu , Yin Zhou , Zhou Shi , Dongyun Xu

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a critical indicator of soil health and carbon cycling, essential for sustainable agricultural development and climate change mitigation. Visible near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (vis-NIR) technology combined with machine learning models has shown potential for rapid and accurate SOC prediction. However, due to significant spatial heterogeneity in SOC distribution across different regions, global models based on soil spectral libraries (SSLs) often lack sufficient generalization capability for local applications. To address this challenge, we propose an innovative sample selection framework for instance-based transfer learning, KNN-FRSS, a forward recursive sample selection method combined with K-nearest neighbor algorithm. This framework identifies the most representative samples from the SSL for the target region using a two-step process: step 1: preliminary selection by local similarity metric, and step 2: precise selection by forward recursive sample selection mechanism, thereby enhancing the adaptability of cross-regional SOC modeling. We employed three predictive models (1D-CNN, Cubist, and PLSR) to evaluate the transferability of the KNN-FRSS strategy in cross-region modeling. In addition, we compared the performance of KNN-FRSS with another sample selection method (RS-LOCAL-v2.0) and feature-based transfer learning approach. These transfer learning methods were evaluated across four distinct regions. The results indicate that all transfer learning methods improved model predictive accuracy in four study regions. Notably, the combination of KNN-FRSS with the 1D-CNN model consistently outperformed the others. Compared to the best-performing models built using local data, this combined approach achieved an improvement in R²ranging from 3 % to 26 %, and a reduction in RMSE by 12.82–43.4 %. Finally, this study provides a feasible path to enhance the effectiveness of transfer learning in soil spectral modeling, and provides methodological support for rapid and high-accuracy SOC prediction across diverse geographic regions.

土壤有机碳（SOC）是土壤健康和碳循环的重要指标，对农业可持续发展和减缓气候变化至关重要。可见近红外反射光谱（vis-NIR）技术与机器学习模型相结合，显示出快速准确预测SOC的潜力。然而，由于土壤有机碳在不同区域的分布具有明显的空间异质性，基于土壤光谱库（SSLs）的全球模型往往缺乏足够的局部应用泛化能力。为了解决这一挑战，我们提出了一种创新的基于实例迁移学习的样本选择框架，KNN-FRSS，一种结合k -最近邻算法的前向递归样本选择方法。该框架通过两步流程确定目标区域SSL中最具代表性的样本：第一步：通过局部相似性度量进行初步选择，第二步：通过前向递归样本选择机制进行精确选择，从而增强了跨区域SOC建模的适应性。我们采用三种预测模型（1D-CNN、Cubist和PLSR）来评估KNN-FRSS策略在跨区域建模中的可移植性。此外，我们还将KNN-FRSS与另一种样本选择方法（RS-LOCAL-v2.0）和基于特征的迁移学习方法的性能进行了比较。这些迁移学习方法在四个不同的地区进行了评估。结果表明，所有迁移学习方法都提高了四个研究区域的模型预测精度。值得注意的是，KNN-FRSS与1D-CNN模型的组合始终优于其他模型。与使用本地数据构建的最佳性能模型相比，这种组合方法实现了R²的改进，范围从3 %到26 %，RMSE降低了12.82-43.4 %。最后，本研究为提高迁移学习在土壤光谱建模中的有效性提供了可行途径，并为快速、高精度地预测不同地理区域土壤有机碳提供了方法支持。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing organic fertilizer nitrogen substitution to enhance growth, nutrient uptake, and use efficiency in Zanthoxylum armatum 优化有机肥氮替代促进花椒生长、养分吸收和利用效率

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2026.107057

Fozia Dost Muhammad , Yuxin Xie , Yuanjia Gong , Muhammad Asghar Ali , Shuaijie Lu , Wenkai Hui , Jingyan Wang , Wei Gong

Effective nitrogen (N) management is crucial for sustainable plant cultivation. However, the optimal level of organic fertilizer nitrogen (OFN) substitution remains unclear, particularly for Zanthoxylum armatum. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of seven OFN substitution levels (0 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, and 100 %) on plant growth, nutrient absorption, nutrient use efficiency (NUE), and soil fertility, using a pot experiment, a membership function was used to calculate comprehensive evaluation value (CEV) and estimate the OFN substitution levels. The results showed that fertilization increased plant height, basal diameter, N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) content, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and soil enzyme activities (invertase, phosphatase, and catalase). The 10 %–50 % OFN substitution significantly improved N, P, and K use efficiency from 14.3 %, 7.6 %, and 16.6–15.7 %–41.9 %, 7.6 %–20.7 %, and 30.0 %–40.6 %, respectively. The CEV ranged from 0.351 (control) to 2.247 (40 % OFN). The relationship between OFN substitution level and CEV was well-estimated by a quadratic regression model (y = -0.00027 x² + 0.03004 x + 1.22894, R² = 0.716, P < 0.01), with the optimal OFN substitution level for Z. armatum determined as 55.6 %. The CEV was significantly correlated with plant biomass, nutrient absorption, MBC, and soil enzyme activities, as well as with plant N and K content, but not with alkali-hydrolysable N and available K content, urease activity, or plant P content. This study supports the reduction of fertilizer application, improves fertilizer efficiency and soil fertility, and promotes sustainable agricultural practices.

有效的氮素管理是植物可持续栽培的关键。然而，有机肥氮（OFN）替代的最佳水平仍不清楚，特别是对花椒。本研究旨在评价7个OFN替代水平（0 %、10 %、20 %、30 %、40 %、50 %和100 %）对植物生长、养分吸收、养分利用效率（NUE）和土壤肥力的影响，采用盆栽试验，利用隶属度函数计算综合评价值（CEV），估算OFN替代水平。结果表明，施肥增加了株高、基径、氮、磷、钾含量、微生物量碳（MBC）和土壤酶活性（转化酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶）。-50  % %探讨替代显著提高N, P, K利用效率从14.3 %, % 7.6,-15.7和16.6  % % -41.9,7.6  % % -20.7,和30.0  % % -40.6,分别。CEV范围为0.351（对照组）至2.247（40 % OFN）。利用二次回归模型（y = -0.00027 x²+ 0.03004 x + 1.22894,R²= 0.716,P <； 0.01）很好地估计了OFN替代水平与CEV之间的关系，确定了Z. armatum的最佳OFN替代水平为55.6% %。CEV与植物生物量、养分吸收、MBC、土壤酶活性以及植物氮、钾含量呈极显著相关，而与碱解氮、速效钾含量、脲酶活性和植物磷含量无显著相关。本研究支持减少化肥施用，提高肥料效率和土壤肥力，促进可持续农业实践。

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引用次数: 0

Conservation tillage enhances phosphorus use efficiency by regulating root distribution and soil phosphorus stratification in the black soil region of Northeast China 在东北黑土区，保护性耕作通过调节根系分布和土壤磷分层来提高磷的利用效率

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2026.107060

Jie Zhang, Yalin Li, Baoguo Li, Hu Zhou

Low mobility and bioavailability of phosphorus (P) constrain fertilizer use efficiency in the black soil region of Northeast China (NEC). Conservation tillage (CST) has been shown to improve soil structure and nutrient bioavailability and therefore has the potential to increase P use efficiency. In this study, we evaluated the effects of CST and conventional tillage (CT) on P use efficiency—quantified through both fertilizer-based partial factor productivity (PFP-P) and uptake-based utilization efficiency (PUtE)—maize dry matter, and P content, root vertical distribution, and soil physicochemical properties based on field experiments at three representative sites in the black soil region of NEC. Compared to CT, CST significantly increased PFP-P (+15.3 %) and PUtE (+25.3 %), promoted grain dry matter accumulation, and enhanced P translocation from vegetative organs to grains. CST decreased the stratification ratio (0–10 cm / 10–50 cm) of total P (TP) and Olsen-P by 24.9 % and 49.5 %, respectively (except at the XL site), thereby alleviating surface P enrichment. CST also increased average root biomass by 28.5 % and significantly enhanced the root distribution ratio (20–30 cm / 0–50 cm) (p < 0.05), suggesting an improved soil-root configuration for accessing subsoil P. Redundancy analysis showed that variations in P efficiency were primarily associated with Olsen-P stratification, root distribution patterns (20–30 cm), soil penetration resistance (20–30 cm), and SOM (0–10 cm), which together explained over 86.0 % of the variance. Overall, CST improved maize P use efficiency by synchronizing root-soil-P interactions, providing scientific insight and practical strategies for sustainable agriculture in the black soil region of NEC.

在东北黑土区，磷的低流动性和低生物有效性制约了肥料的利用效率。保护性耕作（CST）已被证明可以改善土壤结构和养分生物利用度，因此具有提高磷利用效率的潜力。本研究通过在东北黑土区3个代表性地点进行的田间试验，评估了CST和常规耕作（CT）对玉米干物质磷利用效率（以肥料为基础的部分因子生产率（PFP-P）和以吸收为基础的利用效率（PUtE））以及磷含量、根系垂直分布和土壤理化性质的影响。与CT相比，CST显著提高了PFP-P（+15.3 %）和PUtE(+25.3 %)，促进了籽粒干物质积累，促进了磷从营养器官向籽粒的转运。CST降低了总磷（TP）和奥尔森磷（Olsen-P）的分层比（0-10 cm / 10-50 cm），分别降低了24.9 %和49.5 % （XL位点除外），从而减轻了地表磷的富集。春秋国旅也平均根生物量增加了28.5 %和显著提高根分布比率(20 - 30 厘米/ 0-50 厘米)(p & lt; 0.05),提出一种改进的soil-root配置访问底土p .冗余分析表明,p效率的变化主要是与Olsen-P分层,根分布模式(20 - 30 厘米),土壤渗透阻力(20 - 30 厘米),和SOM(清廉 厘米),合起来超过86.0 %的方差解释道。综上所述，CST通过同步根-土壤-磷相互作用提高了玉米磷的利用效率，为东北黑土区可持续农业提供了科学见解和实用策略。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrophobic high-frequency vibration collaborative strategy for reducing resistance and soil adhesion of tillage tools in lime concretion black soil 疏水高频振动协同策略在石灰固结黑土中降低耕作工具的阻力和土壤附着力

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2026.107061

Kuan Qin , Ding Zhang , Biao Ma , Weidong Gao , Chengmao Cao , Xu Zhu , Junjie Lu , Wei Wang , Jun Ge , Qichun Feng , Huaizhi Liu , Siliang Liu , Yan Sun , Liangfei Fang

Soil-engaging components in the lime concretion black soil farming in the Huang Huai Hai region of China often face significant challenges due to strong resistance caused by soil adhesion. Soil adhesion to tillage tools under high moisture conditions presents a major challenge for vibration-based drag reduction methods. Conversely, surface-modified hydrophobic tillage tools exhibit relatively limited drag reduction efficiency in low-moisture soils. Herein, a hydrophobic high-frequency vibration drag reduction strategy was proposed. By combining a thin-layer hydrophobic rubbery coating with high-frequency vibration, this approach reduced the interfacial interaction between moist soil and the modified soil-engaging components, as well as the internal friction among soil particles. Specifically, a robust cross-linked physical network was formed by the rigid styrene segments and alloys, and the thin-layer (0.2 millimeter) coated rubbery styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS) was adhered firmly to soil-engaging components, achieving an adhesion energy of 37.21 J/m². With the integration of high-frequency vibration, the hydrophobic soil-engaging components demonstrated a low adhesion amount of 0.27 g/cm² and a drag reduction rate of 32.16 % in the soil at 21 % moisture content. All in all, this work provides significant theoretical and technical support for efficient adhesion reduction and drag reduction of agricultural machinery soil-engaging components in the Huang Huai Hai region.

中国黄淮海地区石灰固结黑土耕作中，由于土壤附着力的强烈阻力，土壤参与组分经常面临重大挑战。在高湿度条件下，土壤与耕作工具的粘附性是基于振动的减阻方法面临的主要挑战。相反，表面改性疏水耕作工具在低水分土壤中表现出相对有限的减阻效率。为此，提出了一种疏水高频振动减阻策略。该方法通过将薄层疏水橡胶涂层与高频振动相结合，减少了湿润土壤与改性土壤接合成分之间的界面相互作用以及土壤颗粒之间的内摩擦。具体而言，刚性苯乙烯段和合金形成了坚固的交联物理网络，薄层（0.2毫米）涂覆的橡胶苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（SEBS）牢固地粘附在吸土组分上，粘附能达到37.21 J/m2。在高频振动的作用下，疏水吸土组分在21. %含水率下的黏附量为0.27 g/cm2，减阻率为32.16 %。本研究为黄淮海地区农机吸土部件高效减粘减阻提供了重要的理论和技术支持。

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引用次数: 0

Drought-rehydration enhances yield through optimized soil multifunctionality in drip-irrigated spring wheat in arid regions 干旱复水化通过优化土壤多功能性提高旱区滴灌春小麦产量

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2026.107056

Rongrong Wang , Guang Shi , Shuting Bie , Ziqiang Che , Yiling Ma , Guiying Jiang , Jianguo Liu

Drought–rehydration cycles are key drivers of soil biogeochemical processes in arid agroecosystems, yet the mechanisms regulating soil–microbe–plant interactions under such conditions remain insufficiently understood. We hypothesized that mild drought imposed at critical phenological stages could stimulate soil biochemical processes and microbial functional activity, thereby supporting spring wheat productivity and economic return. To test this hypothesis, a two-year split-plot field experiment was conducted using a drought-tolerant variety (Xinchun 6, XC 6) and a drought-sensitive variety (Xinchun 22, XC 22), with drought applied at the tillering (T) and jointing (J) stages. Three irrigation regimes were established based on field capacity (FC): normal irrigation (75–80 % FC, CK), mild drought (60–65 % FC, T1 and J1), and moderate drought (45–50 % FC, T2 and J2), each maintained for 7 days followed by rehydration. Mild drought at the tillering stage (T1) produced the most pronounced positive effects after rehydration. Compared with CK, T1 significantly improved soil chemical properties, enhanced key enzyme activities related to carbon and nitrogen cycling, and increased microbial biomass. Microbial alpha diversity was also elevated under T1, suggesting improved community stability and functional redundancy. Following rehydration, enhanced microbial activity likely accelerated nutrient mineralization, thereby supporting dry matter recovery and allocation to grain. As a result, grain yield increased by 1.89–2.32 %, while net revenue increased by 10.19–12.07 %. The drought-tolerant variety XC 6 consistently showed greater agronomic and economic benefits than XC 22, indicating that variety selection can amplify the positive effects of mild drought–rehydration management. Overall, mild drought at the tillering stage followed by rehydration represents a water-efficient irrigation strategy that maintains yield and profitability while enhancing soil biochemical functioning and system resilience. This approach offers a practical pathway for sustainable spring wheat production in arid regions, although long-term monitoring is required to assess the persistence of these ecological benefits.

干旱-复水化循环是干旱农业生态系统土壤生物地球化学过程的关键驱动因素，但在这种条件下调节土壤-微生物-植物相互作用的机制仍然不够清楚。我们假设在关键物候阶段施加的轻度干旱可以刺激土壤生化过程和微生物功能活动，从而支持春小麦生产力和经济回报。为了验证这一假设，以耐旱品种（新春6号，xc6）和干旱敏感品种（新春22号，xc22）为材料，在分蘖期和拔节期进行了为期两年的田间分块试验。根据田间容量（FC）建立了三种灌溉方案：正常灌溉（75-80 % FC， CK）、轻度干旱（60-65 % FC， T1和J1）和中度干旱（45-50 % FC， T2和J2），每种灌溉方案维持7天，然后补液。分蘖期（T1）轻度干旱对补液后的积极影响最为显著。与CK相比，T1显著改善了土壤化学性质，提高了碳氮循环相关关键酶活性，增加了微生物生物量。在T1下，微生物α多样性也有所提高，表明群落稳定性和功能冗余得到改善。补液后，微生物活性的增强可能会加速养分矿化，从而支持干物质的恢复和分配。结果，粮食产量增加1.89 ~ 2.32 %，纯收入增加10.19 ~ 12.07 %。耐旱品种xc6的农艺效益和经济效益始终高于xc22，表明品种选择可以放大温和干旱补水管理的积极效应。总体而言，分蘖期轻度干旱后再水化是一种节水灌溉策略，既能保持产量和盈利能力，又能增强土壤生化功能和系统恢复力。这种方法为干旱地区的可持续春小麦生产提供了一条切实可行的途径，尽管需要长期监测来评估这些生态效益的持久性。

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引用次数: 0

The thickness and variation rate of mollic epipedon in the drylands of northeastern China over the past 40 years 近40年中国东北旱地土壤表层厚度及变化率

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2026.107058

Lixia Ma , Zhang Gao , Wenyou Hu , Dongsheng Yu , Jun Jiang , Decheng Li , Lei Gao , Feng Liu , Changkun Wang , Yongcun Zhao , Yuguo Zhao , Zhongjun Jia , Xinhua Peng

Clarifying the thickness and its temporal variation rate of the mollic epipedon across cultivated lands in northeastern China is crucial for the protection of Mollisols and food security. However, accurately determining the thickness and its variation of the mollic epipedon is challenging due to the lack of comprehensive datasets and the spatial mismatch of sampling sites from different time periods. This study mainly aimed to determine the spatiotemporal variation in mollic epipedon thickness in the drylands of northeastern China over the past 40 years. We developed a method to identify the thickness of the mollic epipedon from 4410 soil profiles collected in the 1980s. In the 2020s, a rapid survey method was proposed to measure the thickness of the mollic epipedon. We then developed spatial predictive models of mollic epipedon thickness for the 2020s and 1980s, respectively, using random forest algorithms. Finally, we evaluated the thickness and variation of the mollic epipedon for drylands over the past 40 years by combining data from sampling sites and spatial distributions. Results indicate that both the identification method (R² = 0.80, N = 69) and the rapid survey method (R² = 0.91, N = 69) for mollic epipedon thickness perform well. The spatial prediction models also perform well for both the 2020s and 1980s, with R² (RMSE) values of 0.94 (9.1 cm, N = 732) and 0.94 (8.8 cm, N = 4410), respectively. The spatial distributions indicate a decreasing trend in mollic epipedon thickness from north to south in both periods, with an average thickness of 45.0 cm in the 2020s and a thinning rate of 0.25 cm per year over the past 40 years. Findings from sampling sites support the spatial distribution of variation rate for mollic epipedon thickness (R² = 0.78, N = 69). The thickness and variation rate of the mollic epipedon are related to soil type and slope position. The mollic epipedon thickness is largest for the soil type of Hapli-Udic Isohumosols and smallest for Hapli-Udic Argosols, with the thinning rate largest for the former soil type (0.38 cm/y). The thinning rate decreases with slope position, with average rates of 0.38 cm/y, 0.27 cm/y, and 0.13 cm/y for upper, middle, and lower slope, respectively. This is the first large-scale assessment of thickness and variation of the mollic epipedon in northeastern China over the past 40 years, utilizing extensive sampling data and machine learning methods. These findings provide valuable technical and data support for the conservation of Mollisols.

明确东北地区耕地土壤表层厚度及其时间变化率，对土壤保护和粮食安全具有重要意义。然而，由于缺乏全面的数据集和不同时期采样点的空间不匹配，准确确定mollic epipedon的厚度及其变化具有挑战性。研究了近40年来中国东北干旱区土壤外稃厚度的时空变化特征。我们建立了一种方法来鉴定20世纪80年代收集的4410份土壤剖面的mollic epipedon厚度。本世纪20年代，提出了一种快速测量外皮厚度的方法。然后，我们利用随机森林算法分别建立了20世纪20年代和80年代的mollic epipedon厚度空间预测模型。最后，结合采样点数据和空间分布特征，对近40年来干旱区土壤黏结层厚度及其变化进行了评价。结果表明，分子外稃厚度判别法（R²= 0.80,N = 69）和快速调查法（R²= 0.91,N = 69）均具有较好的效果。空间预测模型在20世纪20年代和80年代均表现良好，R²（RMSE）值分别为0.94（9.1 cm, N = 732）和0.94（8.8 cm, N = 4410）。从空间分布上看，两个时期的分子外缘厚度均呈现由北向南递减的趋势，20世纪20年代的平均厚度为45.0 cm，近40年的减薄速率为0.25 cm /年。采样点的结果支持分子外缘厚度变异率的空间分布（R²= 0.78,N = 69）。分子外缘的厚度和变化率与土壤类型和坡位有关。Hapli-Udic等腐土的分子外缘厚度最大，Hapli-Udic argosol的分子外缘厚度最小，前者的疏变速率最大（0.38 cm/y）。疏伐率随坡位的增大而减小，上、中、下坡的平均疏伐率分别为0.38 cm/y、0.27 cm/y和0.13 cm/y。利用广泛的采样数据和机器学习方法，首次对中国东北地区近40年来mollic epipeon的厚度和变化进行了大规模评估。这些发现为Mollisols的保护提供了有价值的技术和数据支持。

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引用次数: 0

Regenerative agriculture effects on biomass, drought resilience and 14C-photosynthate allocation in wheat drilled into ley compared to disc or ploughed arable soil 再生农业对钻地小麦生物量、抗旱性和14c -光合作用分配的影响

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.107016

Nichola Austen , Elizabeth Short , Stefanie Tille , Irene Johnson , Richard Summers , Duncan D. Cameron , Jonathan R. Leake

Regenerative agriculture practices including leys and no-tillage facilitate biological reassembly of soil aggregates, increasing water, carbon and nutrient storage, but how this effects crop biomass, photosynthate partitioning, and drought resilience is unclear. To address this, we took monoliths growing semi-dwarf and taller wheat genotypes from 3-year plots that were ploughed or disc cultivated, or direct-drilled into a grass-clover ley and applied 35 kg N ha⁻¹. Half the monoliths received a spring drought, then all were watered and the wheat ¹⁴CO₂ pulse-labelled at stem elongation. The ley soil had lower bulk density, stored more water, and the taller wheat genotype maintained 8-fold higher proportion of water-stable macroaggregates despite unexpectedly having the smaller root biomass. Yields on the ley soil (3.74 t ha⁻¹) were 77 % −123 % higher than on ploughed and disc cultivated soils, and unaffected by genotype or drought, despite its > 70 % reduction in root biomass. Of the ¹⁴C initially retained in wheat, 72 % was in shoots, with root allocation decreasing by 75–90 % in droughted ley soil, and at harvest soil retained < 1 % of the ¹⁴C, with significantly lower values for taller wheat, and ley. We conclude that soil health regeneration in the ley enhanced wheat yields, but reduced photosynthate allocation to root biomass under drought. Although taller wheat maintained better macroaggregation in ley soil, this was not explained by root biomass or photosynthate allocation and unexpectedly failed to increase soil ¹⁴C sequestration. We find no evidence that ley regeneration of macroaggregation enhances soil C sequestration under wheat, despite higher yields.

包括轮作和免耕在内的再生农业实践促进了土壤团聚体的生物重组，增加了水分、碳和养分的储存，但这如何影响作物生物量、光合作用分配和抗旱能力尚不清楚。为了解决这一问题，我们从3年耕地、盘耕或直接钻入草-三叶草地的半矮秆和高基因型小麦中选取了大块生长体，施用35 kg N ha - 1。其中一半植株在春季干旱，然后所有植株都浇水，并在茎秆伸长时进行14CO2脉冲标记。禾草土壤容重较低，储水量较大，高基因型小麦的根系生物量较低，但水稳性大团聚体的比例却高出8倍。犁地土壤的产量（3.74 t ha - 1）比翻耕和盘耕土壤高77 % - 123 %，尽管根系生物量减少了>； 70 %，但不受基因型和干旱的影响。小麦初始保留14C的72% %在茎部，干旱麦田土壤的根系分配减少75 ~ 90% %，收获时土壤保留14C的<； 1 %，高小麦和麦田的14C值显著降低。我们认为，干旱条件下，麦田土壤健康更新提高了小麦产量，但减少了根系生物量的光合作用分配。尽管高小麦在低土壤中保持了更好的大团聚，但这不能用根系生物量或光合分配来解释，而且出乎意料地未能增加土壤的14C固存。我们没有发现证据表明，尽管小麦产量较高，但大团聚体的土壤再生增强了土壤碳的固存。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial variation of soil erosion resistance impacted by ephemeral gully on long gentle sloping cropland in the Mollisol region of China Mollisol地区长缓坡耕地短暂沟壑区土壤侵蚀抗力空间分异

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.107046

Jun Jing , Guanghui Zhang , Yi Zhang , Shukun Xing

Ephemeral gully erosion (EGE) is a major driver of cropland soil degradation, exerting substantial impacts on soil properties and crop growth. These changes, in turn, profoundly alter soil erosion resistance (SER). Although SER is critical for soil conservation, its spatial patterns and driving mechanisms in long, gently sloping (LGS) cropland under the influence of EGE remain insufficiently understood. The aims of this study were to quantify the spatial variation in SER and to identify the influencing factors on a representative LGS cropland in the Mollisol region of Northeast China. Based on in-situ field sampling and controlled flume tests, the spatial heterogeneity of SER under EGE conditions was quantified. The dominant influencing factors and their interactive mechanisms were identified, and a stepwise regression model was developed to estimate rill erodibility (K_r). Results showed that SER varied significantly across slope positions but did not differ markedly between gully positions. K_r linearly increased with decreasing gully position, while critical shear stress (τ_c) first decreased and then increased, with variation ranges of −2.36 % to 50.00 %. Both K_r and τ_c showed quadratic relationships with slope position, with K_r peaking at the middle slope and τ_c at the upper slope. Dominant factors affecting K_r included clay content, sand content, soil cohesion (Coh), mean weight diameter (MWD), root mass density (RMD), and straw mass density (SMD), which collectively explained 79 % of the spatial variability. Notably, SMD had a significant regulatory effect on Coh, RMD, and MWD, and indirectly reduced K_r via these pathways (standardized path coefficient = −0.263). The developed K_r estimation model (K_r = 0.212MWD^−2.405RMD^−0.502) exhibited good predictive performance (R² = 0.860; NSE = 0.863) but requires further validation under field conditions. The findings provide important theoretical support for site-specific erosion control strategies and contribute to the improvement of process-based soil erosion models at the hillslope scale in Mollisol regions of Northeast China.

短暂沟蚀（EGE）是农田土壤退化的主要驱动因素，对土壤性质和作物生长产生重大影响。这些变化反过来又深刻地改变了土壤抗侵蚀性（SER）。虽然SER对土壤保持至关重要，但其空间格局和驱动机制在长缓坡地（LGS）受EGE影响的研究尚不充分。本研究旨在量化东北Mollisol地区具有代表性的LGS农田SER的空间变化，并确定其影响因素。基于现场采样和控制水槽试验，定量分析了EGE条件下SER的空间异质性。确定了影响细沟可蚀性的主要因素及其相互作用机制，建立了细沟可蚀性的逐步回归模型。结果表明，不同坡位间SER差异显著，不同沟位间SER差异不显著。随着沟壑位置的减小，Kr呈线性增加，临界剪应力τc先减小后增大，变化范围为- 2.36 % ~ 50.00 %。Kr和τc均与坡位呈二次关系，其中Kr峰值出现在中坡，τc峰值出现在上坡。影响土壤Kr的主要因子为粘土含量、砂粒含量、土壤黏聚力（Coh）、平均重径（MWD）、根系质量密度（RMD）和秸秆质量密度（SMD），它们共同解释了79 %的空间变异。值得注意的是，SMD对Coh、RMD和MWD具有显著的调节作用，并通过这些途径间接降低了Kr（标准化路径系数= - 0.263）。所建立的Kr估计模型（Kr = 0.212MWD−2.405RMD−0.502）具有较好的预测效果（R²= 0.860,NSE = 0.863），但需要在现场条件下进一步验证。研究结果为土壤侵蚀控制策略提供了重要的理论支持，并有助于改进基于过程的坡面侵蚀模型。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing predictive modeling of interrill and rill erosion susceptibility in the Eastern Mediterranean using stacking ensemble machine learning algorithms 利用叠加集成机器学习算法增强东地中海细沟间和细沟侵蚀敏感性的预测建模

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.107053

Hazem Ghassan Abdo , Sahar Mohammed Richi , Hoang Thi Hang , Jasem A. Albanai , Javed Mallick

Soil erosion assessment is essential for effective conservation planning, particularly through the development of accurate susceptibility maps using advanced modeling techniques. Despite this importance, the Eastern Mediterranean remains underexplored in terms of hybrid modeling approaches for predicting interrill and rill erosion in environmentally sensitive areas. This study aims to develop a robust spatial prediction model for soil erosion susceptibility in the Eastern Mediterranean using a stacking ensemble machine learning framework. The performance of Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Random Forest (RF), and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) models was evaluated individually and in stacked combinations based on 751 erosion and non-erosion events and 15 erosion-related conditioning factors. The results identified slope and land use/land cover (LULC) as the most influential drivers of soil erosion. Among the standalone models, XGBoost showed the highest predictive performance, while the hybrid XGB–RF ensemble achieved the best overall accuracy and reliability. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of hybrid modeling in enhancing soil erosion prediction and provide a reliable decision-support tool for sustainable land management. The proposed approach offers valuable insights for preventive planning and natural resource protection in the Eastern Mediterranean, particularly in Syria, and represents an important step toward improved erosion modeling in complex topographic and climatic environments.

土壤侵蚀评估对于有效的保护规划至关重要，特别是通过使用先进的建模技术开发准确的敏感性图。尽管这一点很重要，但东地中海在预测环境敏感地区细沟和细沟侵蚀的混合建模方法方面仍未得到充分探索。本研究旨在利用叠加集成机器学习框架建立东地中海地区土壤侵蚀易感性的鲁棒空间预测模型。基于751个侵蚀和非侵蚀事件以及15个与侵蚀相关的条件因素，分别评估了极端梯度增强（XGBoost）、随机森林（RF）和多层感知器（MLP）模型的性能。结果表明，坡度和土地利用/土地覆盖（LULC）是影响土壤侵蚀的最主要驱动因素。在独立模型中，XGBoost显示出最高的预测性能，而混合XGB-RF集成实现了最佳的整体精度和可靠性。这些结果证明了混合模型在提高土壤侵蚀预测方面的有效性，为土地可持续管理提供了可靠的决策支持工具。提出的方法为地中海东部特别是叙利亚的预防性规划和自然资源保护提供了宝贵的见解，并代表了在复杂地形和气候环境中改进侵蚀模型的重要一步。

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引用次数: 0

Soil pH adjustment and the neutralizing effect reshape the rhizobial community in the legume rhizosphere 土壤pH值的调整和中和作用重塑了豆科植物根际根瘤菌群落

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.107050

Kaili Xia , Shengyi Ouyang , Xi Mo , Yaxuan Gao , Jinlong Liu , Yingxiang Wang , Changfu Tian , Xiaolin Wang

Understanding microbial community assembly is pivotal in microbial ecology. Rhizobia, functioning as legume endosymbionts or free-living soil bacteria, sustain nitrogen fixation in crucial food and forage crops. However, in contrast to the well-studied rhizobia within root nodules, the ecological drivers governing rhizosphere rhizobial community assembly under environmental perturbations, particularly those assessed using the rpoB gene - an essential housekeeping gene valued for its ability to provide species- and strain-level phylogenetic insights remain unresolved. This study first integrated a meta-analysis of rpoB gene high-throughput sequencing data from legume rhizospheres across China, revealing soil pH and longitude as dominant biogeographical drivers. We then investigated the assembly patterns of rhizospheric rhizobial community in response to directed pH adjustment (HCl/NaOH/H₂O treatments) using soils of contrasting pH origins (Jiangxi acidic soil, Shandong neutral soil, and Xizang alkaline soil) and host plants (alfalfa, faba bean, and soybean) via controlled experiments. Phenotypic result demonstrated that pH neutralization increased nodule occupancy. High-resolution rpoB sequencing revealed that pH neutralization increased the alpha diversity of the Pan-Rhizobium community, while pH shifts in general led to simplified co-occurrence networks. Mechanistically, community assembly analysis demonstrated that pH shift promoted deterministic processes by selectively enriching pH-specialized taxa: Brarhizobium under acidity and Rhizobium/Mesorhizobium under alkalinity. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for predicting rhizobial community responses to environmental changes in legume-rhizobia symbiosis, enabling pH-targeted soil management strategies to enhance agricultural sustainability.

了解微生物群落的组装是微生物生态学的关键。根瘤菌作为豆科植物的内共生菌或自由生活的土壤细菌，在重要的粮食和饲料作物中维持固氮作用。然而，与根瘤内根瘤菌的充分研究相比，环境扰动下控制根际根瘤菌群落组装的生态驱动因素，特别是那些使用rpoB基因评估的生态驱动因素，rpoB基因是一种重要的管理基因，因其能够提供物种和品系水平的系统发育见解而受到重视，但仍未得到解决。本研究首先整合了中国豆科植物根际rpoB基因高通量测序数据的meta分析，揭示了土壤pH和经度是主要的生物地理驱动因素。采用对照试验研究了不同pH源土壤（江西酸性土壤、山东中性土壤和西藏碱性土壤）和寄主植物（苜蓿、蚕豆和大豆）根际根瘤菌群落在pH定向调节（HCl/NaOH/ h2o处理）下的聚集模式。表型结果表明，pH中和增加了结节的占用。高分辨率rpoB测序显示，pH中和增加了泛根瘤菌群落的α多样性，而pH的变化通常导致共发生网络的简化。从机制上看，群落组装分析表明，pH变化通过选择性地富集pH特异性分类群，促进了确定性过程：酸性条件下的Brarhizobium和碱性条件下的根瘤菌/中根瘤菌。这些发现为预测根瘤菌群落对豆科植物-根瘤菌共生环境变化的响应提供了机制基础，使以ph为目标的土壤管理策略能够提高农业的可持续性。

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引用次数: 0