Soil & Tillage Research最新文献_第4页

Cropping systems-induced microtopography in regulating soil erosion in alpine canyon regions of southwestern China 种植制度诱导的微地形对西南高寒峡谷地区土壤侵蚀的调节作用

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.107041

Xiaopeng Shi , Zicheng Zheng , Haiyan Yi , Xinlan Liang , Shuqin He

The unique geography and climate of the Alpine Canyon Area make it highly susceptible to soil erosion. Quantitative assessment of how cropping system-induced microtopography affects runoff and sediment yield is essential for predicting the water conservation function of this region. Based on Structure-from-Motion (SfM) technology, this study quantified the changes in microtopography induced by different cropping systems through a field in-situ scouring test, aiming to clarify the response mechanisms of these changes to soil erosion on sloping farmland. Results showed that soil surface elevation varied between -80 mm and 40 mm for each cropping system, with rills observed on all slopes. The amplitude of soil surface roughness (SSR) variation in the intercropping system (-38.41–39.82 %) was smaller than that in the monocropping system (-4.64–162 %). The D(q) curve exhibited a decreasing nonlinear relationship with q, with values ranging from 1.94 to 2.34. Both total runoff and sediment yield were significantly lower in intercropping than in monocropping systems. Soil surface roughness was negatively correlated with sediment connectivity (R²=0.61). Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that in maize-dominated systems, the first two axes cumulatively explained 68.49 % of runoff and sediment yield variance. Runoff showed significant positive correlations with SSR_A (P < 0.05), while sediment yield was significantly positively correlated with a_max and significant negative correlations with Δf(a) and f(a_max). In Zanthoxylum-dominated systems, the first two axes cumulatively explained 67.17 % of the variance, and sediment yield was significantly positively correlated with SSR_A and significantly negatively correlated with f(a)max. The results provide a theoretical basis for the scientific planning of soil and water conservation practices on sloping farmland, as well as for the development of a soil erosion model in the Alpine Canyon Area of southwestern China.

阿尔卑斯峡谷地区独特的地理和气候使其极易受到土壤侵蚀。定量评价种植系统诱导的微地形对产流产沙的影响，对于预测该地区的保水功能至关重要。本研究基于结构-运动（SfM）技术，通过田间原位冲刷试验，量化了不同种植制度对坡耕地微地形的影响，旨在阐明这些变化对土壤侵蚀的响应机制。结果表明：不同种植方式的土壤表面高程在-80 ~ 40 mm之间变化，所有坡地均有细沟。间作土壤表面粗糙度（SSR）变化幅度（-38.41 ~ 39.82 %）小于单作（-4.64 ~ 162 %）。D(q)曲线与q呈递减的非线性关系，取值范围为1.94 ~ 2.34。间作的总径流量和产沙量均显著低于单作。土壤表面粗糙度与沉积物连通性呈负相关（R²=0.61）。冗余分析（RDA）表明，在玉米为主的系统中，前两个轴累计解释了68.49% %的产流产沙变异。径流量与SSRA呈显著正相关（P <； 0.05），产沙量与amax呈显著正相关，与Δf(a)和f（amax）呈显著负相关。在花椒为主的体系中，前两个轴累计解释了67.17 %的方差，产沙量与SSRA呈显著正相关，与f(a)max呈显著负相关。研究结果可为高寒峡谷区坡耕地水土保持措施的科学规划和水土流失模型的建立提供理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Soil stoichiometric C/N and nitrogen availability jointly shape fungal and bacterial necromass carbon accumulation across ecosystems 土壤化学计量C/N和氮有效性共同决定了生态系统中真菌和细菌坏死团的碳积累

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.107042

Baorong Wang , Deng Ao , Chao Liang , Kate Buckeridge , Chunhui Liu , Yang Yang , Yao Li , Huijun Li , Zhongming Wen , Shaoshan An

Microbial necromass constitutes a major and stable component of soil organic carbon (SOC) in terrestrial ecosystems. However, despite plant-derived inputs largely regulate substrate quality and soil organic matter (SOM) carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios and shape the composition of living microbial communities, fundamental differences in resource acquisition, death pathways, and residue chemistry between fungi and bacteria decouple living biomass from necromass accumulation. Whether fungal and bacterial necromass are subject to same SOM C/N constraints across ecosystems remains an open question. Here, we combined 1600 global SOM and microbial necromass records from global ecosystems (C/N: 3.8–58) through meta-analysis and 768 field measurement samples from Loess Plateau, spanning croplands, biocrusts, grasslands, shrublands, and forests (C/N: 6–72), representing diverse SOM qualities. We found both fungal and bacterial necromass C increased with rising SOM C/N ratios, and the consistency of this pattern from the Loess Plateau to the global scale underscores a universal role of SOM C/N control in shaping microbial necromass C. Fungal necromass C increased with increasing SOM C/N ratios, reflecting fungi advantage in processing complex organic matter under relatively N-poor conditions. Its accumulation was strongly associated with SOC, total N, and particulate organic C, reinforcing its contribution to SOC accumulation. Conversely, bacterial necromass C responded primarily to dissolved N and microbial biomass C, pointing to distinct, resource-dependent pathways of microbial necromass accumulation across microbial groups. Despite increases in microbial necromass C content and SOM C/N ratios, necromass accumulation coefficient declined, suggesting that N limitation accelerates microbial necromass recycling for biomass production and constrains net storage. Overall, by revealing the dual mechanism of necromass production driven by plant-mediated SOM complexity and necromass reutilization regulated by N availability, this work provides critical insights into the stoichiometric C/N controls shaping microbial necromass dynamics, offering a foundation for strategies to optimize nutrient management and enhance SOC sequestration in future ecosystems.

微生物坏死团块是陆地生态系统土壤有机碳的主要稳定组成部分。然而，尽管植物来源的输入在很大程度上调节了基质质量和土壤有机质（SOM）碳氮比（C/N）并塑造了活微生物群落的组成，但真菌和细菌在资源获取、死亡途径和残留物化学方面的根本差异使活生物量与坏死块积累分离。真菌和细菌坏死块是否在整个生态系统中受到相同的SOM C/N限制仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。通过荟萃分析，我们将1600份全球土壤有机质和微生物坏死块记录（C/N: 3.8 ~ 58）与768份黄土高原农田、生物结皮、草原、灌丛和森林（C/N: 6 ~ 72）的野外测量样本结合起来，表明土壤有机质质量的多样性。研究发现，真菌和细菌的死质C均随有机质C/N的增加而增加，这种模式在黄土高原和全球范围内的一致性表明，有机质C/N的控制在形成微生物死质C方面具有普遍作用。真菌死质C随有机质C/N的增加而增加，反映了真菌在相对缺氮条件下处理复杂有机质的优势。其积累与有机碳、全氮和颗粒有机碳密切相关，增强了其对有机碳积累的贡献。相反，细菌坏死块C主要对溶解的氮和微生物生物量C做出反应，这表明微生物坏死块在微生物群中积累的途径不同，依赖资源。尽管微生物坏死体C含量和SOM C/N比值增加，但坏死体积累系数下降，表明限氮加速了微生物坏死体的生物量循环，限制了净储量。总的来说，通过揭示植物介导的SOM复杂性驱动的坏死物质产生和N有效性调节的坏死物质再利用的双重机制，本工作为化学计量C/N控制形成微生物坏死物质动力学提供了重要的见解，为优化养分管理和增强未来生态系统中有机碳的吸收提供了策略基础。

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引用次数: 0

Conservation tillage could achieve SOC accumulation of eroding farmland in black soil regions 保护性耕作可实现黑土区侵蚀农田有机碳的积累

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.107039

Rui Qian , Lei Gao , Wei Hu , Junjie Liu , Hao Du , Xinhua Peng

Sloping farmland is highly vulnerable to soil organic carbon (SOC) depletion due to severe soil erosion. Conservation tillage has been widely promoted to enhance SOC storage, yet its effectiveness in reducing C loss and improving sequestration in these erosion-prone systems remains unclear. This study quantified SOC budget by assessing major C input and loss pathways under three tillage regimes: conventional tillage with straw removal (CT), conventional tillage with straw incorporation (CTS), and no-tillage with straw mulch (NTS), on a black soil hillslope of Northeast China. Results showed that CT induced a net soil C loss of −1016 kg C ha^-¹ yr^-¹. Among all loss pathways, C mineralization was the dominant (>90 %), followed by sediment-associated transport (2.7 %–6.4 %). Relative to CT, CTS increased straw-derived C inputs and reduced sediment-associated losses, resulting in an 87.9 % decrease in net soil C loss. However, due to the substantial increase in C mineralization, it still resulted in net SOC depletion (-122 kg C ha^-¹ yr^-¹). In contrast, NTS most effectively reduced both mineralization and sediment C loss, yielding a net soil C gain of 489 kg C ha^-¹ yr^-¹ . These results demonstrate that minimizing soil disturbance and retaining surface residues are essential for reducing C losses and enhancing SOC storage in erosion-prone sloping agroecosystems.

坡耕地由于土壤侵蚀严重，极易发生土壤有机碳耗竭。保护性耕作已被广泛推广，以提高有机碳的储存，但其在这些易侵蚀系统中减少碳损失和提高固存的有效性尚不清楚。本研究以东北黑土坡地为研究对象，通过评估常规耕作加秸秆去除（CT）、常规耕作加秸秆还田（CTS）和秸秆覆盖免耕（NTS）三种耕作方式下碳的主要输入和损失途径，量化了土壤有机碳收支。结果表明，CT诱导土壤碳净损失量为−1016 kg C ha-¹ yr-¹。在所有损失途径中，碳矿化是主要的（>90 %），其次是与沉积物相关的输运（2.7 % ~ 6.4 %）。与连续栽培相比，连续栽培增加了秸秆来源的碳输入，减少了与沉积物相关的损失，导致土壤净碳损失减少87.9% %。然而，由于碳矿化的大量增加，它仍然导致净SOC耗损（-122 kg C ha-¹yr-¹）。相比之下，NTS最有效地减少了矿化和沉积物C的损失，产生了489 kg C ha-¹ yr-¹ 的净土壤C增益。这些结果表明，在易侵蚀的坡地农业生态系统中，减少土壤扰动和保留地表残留物是减少碳流失和提高有机碳储量的关键。

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引用次数: 0

Divergent effects of grass cover on soil infiltration patterns and water recharge in orchards: Taproot vs. fibrous root systems 草地覆盖对果园土壤入渗模式和水分补给的不同影响：主根与纤维根

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.107045

Jian Duan , Lingyun Wang , Chongjun Tang , Yaojun Liu , Haijin Zheng , Jie Yang

Grass cover is extensively adopted in orchards to control soil erosion, yet the mechanisms through which grass root architecture regulates soil infiltration and water redistribution remain poorly understood, particularly the dynamics between preferential flow (PF) and matrix flow (MF). This study elucidates how grass root architecture influences soil infiltration patterns and water recharge in orchard systems. Field experiments were conducted using a double-ring infiltrometer combined with a macropore-shielding method to evaluate infiltration behavior under three management practices: clean tillage (CT), fibrous-rooted grass cover (GCf), and tap-rooted grass cover (GCt). Results showed that grass cover significantly improved infiltration capacity and water recharge by 47.4 %–120.1 % and 38.2 %–107.2 %, respectively, with GCt exhibiting 1.46–1.72 times greater effectiveness than GCf. Furthermore, significant differences in infiltration patterns and water redistribution were observed between the grass types. The transition time from PF to MF dominance was shortest under CT (5 min), prolonged to 16 min under GCf, and PF remained dominant throughout the experiment under GCt. A dual regulatory mechanism of the two root architectures governing soil water flow paths was identified, leading to distinct water recharge patterns. In GCf, the enhancement of MF by soil structural improvement promoted topsoil water retention (0–20 cm). This layer accounted for 59.6 % of the total profile recharge, exceeding CT by a factor of 1.48. In contrast, GCt reinforced and sustained PF, increasing deeper water recharge (40–100 cm), which constituted 34.3 % of the total recharge and was 4.00 times that under CT. Therefore, selecting grass species based on root functions—taproot species for enhanced deep-water storage and drought resilience, and fibrous-root species for topsoil moisture conservation and erosion control—offers a strategy for targeted hydrological management in orchards. These findings advance the mechanistic understanding of root- mediated hydrological processes, and provide valuable insights for designing sustainable cover crop systems in rainfed agriculture.

果园广泛采用草皮覆盖来控制土壤侵蚀，但基层结构调节土壤入渗和水分再分配的机制尚不清楚，特别是优先流（PF）和基质流（MF）之间的动态关系。本研究阐明了果园系统中根系建筑对土壤入渗模式和水分补给的影响。利用双环渗透计结合大孔屏蔽法进行了田间试验，评价了清洁耕作（CT）、纤维根草覆盖（GCf）和抽根草覆盖（GCt）三种管理方式下的入渗行为。结果表明，草地覆盖显著提高了土壤入渗能力和水分补给能力，分别提高了47.4 % ~ 120.1 %和38.2 % ~ 107.2 %，其中，草地覆盖的效果是草地覆盖的1.46 ~ 1.72倍。此外，不同草类在入渗模式和水分再分配方面存在显著差异。从PF优势到MF优势的过渡时间在CT下最短（5 min），在GCf下延长至16 min，并且在GCt下始终保持PF优势。确定了两种根系结构对土壤水流路径的双重调节机制，导致不同的水分补给模式。在GCf中，土壤结构改善对MF的增强促进了表层土壤保水（0 ~ 20 cm）。该层占剖面总补给量的59.6 %，比CT高出1.48倍。相比之下，GCt增强并维持了PF，增加了更深层的水补给（40-100 cm），占总补给的34.3% %，是CT下的4.00倍。因此，根据根系功能选择禾草品种——主根种用于增强深水蓄水和抗旱能力，纤维根种用于保持表层土壤水分和控制侵蚀——为果园有针对性的水文管理提供了一种策略。这些发现促进了对根介导的水文过程的机制理解，并为设计可持续的雨养农业覆盖作物系统提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing drip irrigation and nitrogen fertilization to increase net ecosystem carbon budget and economic benefits with reduced carbon footprint in maize agroecosystems 优化滴灌和氮肥对玉米农业生态系统净碳收支和经济效益的影响

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.107040

Hairui Wang , Qingjun Bai , Lina Ma , Yu Wan , Xiaowen Dang , Jun Li , Ruonan Wang , Tengfei Wang

Optimizing irrigation and nitrogen management is essential for improving crop productivity, mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and supporting sustainable agricultural development. However, their combined effects on carbon balance and eco-economic performance in maize systems remain insufficiently explored, particularly in arid regions. A two-year field experiment was conducted from 2023 to 2024 in the arid region of Northwest China to evaluate the combined effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on drip-irrigated spring maize. Three irrigation levels (W1, W2, W3) and four nitrogen rates (F1, F2, F3, F4) were applied, and grain yield (GY), GHG emissions, carbon footprint (CF), and net ecosystem economic benefits (NEEB) were evaluated. A Z-score–based multi-indicator assessment was used to determine the optimal treatment. W2F3 exhibited a clear trade-off advantage, simultaneously increasing yield and reducing environmental costs. Its global warming potential (GWP) was 573.30–600.27 kg CO₂-eq ha-1, 14.23–20.32 % lower than W3F4, while grain yield reached 14,686.26–15,412.71 kg ha-1, 21.65–23.35 % higher than W1F1. Nitrogen fertilization significantly enhanced soil organic carbon (SOC) storage by 3.82–6.98 %, and W2F3 improved the net ecosystem carbon budget (NECB) by increasing net primary productivity (NPP) while limiting GHG losses. In contrast, excessive nitrogen input reduced NECB due to amplified emissions. The W2F3 treatment concurrently enhanced yield and carbon sequestration capacity, significantly reduced the carbon footprint per unit of yield, and achieved the highest NEEB. Overall, W2F3 proved to be the most effective strategy, achieving high yield while enhancing carbon sequestration and reducing emission intensity. Integrated water–nitrogen regulation therefore provides a practical pathway for developing green, efficient, and climate-resilient maize production systems in arid regions, contributing to both agricultural sustainability and climate change mitigation.

优化灌溉和氮肥管理对于提高作物生产力、减少温室气体排放和支持农业可持续发展至关重要。然而，它们对玉米系统碳平衡和生态经济绩效的综合影响尚未得到充分探索，特别是在干旱地区。本文于2023 - 2024年在西北干旱区进行了2年田间试验，评价了灌溉和氮肥管理对滴灌春玉米的综合效应。施用3个灌溉水平（W1、W2、W3）和4个氮肥水平（F1、F2、F3、F4），对粮食产量（GY）、温室气体排放（GHG）、碳足迹（CF）和净生态系统经济效益（NEEB）进行了评价。采用基于z分数的多指标评估来确定最佳治疗方案。W2F3表现出明显的权衡优势，在提高产量的同时降低了环境成本。其全球变暖潜能值（GWP）为573.30 ~ 600.27 kg CO₂-eq ha-1，比W3F4低14.23 ~ 20.32 %，籽粒产量为14686.26 ~ 15412.71 kg ha-1，比W1F1高21.65 ~ 23.35 %。施氮显著提高土壤有机碳（SOC）储量（3.82 ~ 6.98 %），W2F3通过提高净初级生产力（NPP）和限制温室气体损失来改善净生态系统碳收支（NECB）。相反，过量的氮输入由于排放放大而降低了NECB。W2F3处理同时提高了产量和固碳能力，显著降低了单位产量的碳足迹，实现了最高的NEEB。综上所述，W2F3是最有效的策略，既能提高产量，又能增强固碳，降低排放强度。因此，水氮综合调控为干旱地区发展绿色、高效和气候适应型玉米生产系统提供了一条切实可行的途径，有助于农业可持续性和减缓气候变化。

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引用次数: 0

Phosphorus dynamics in soybean: Partitioning, redistribution, and physiological responses under fertilized and unfertilized tropical soils 大豆磷动态：热带土壤施肥和不施肥下的分配、再分配和生理反应

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.107030

Raissa Schwalbert , Lincon Stefanello , Rai Schwalbert , Luana Garlet , Lucas Dotto , Filipe Nunes , Luciane Tabaldi , Alvaro Berghetti , Gerson Drescher , Gustavo Brunetto , Ignacio Ciampitti , Fernando Nicoloso

Understanding phosphorus (P) starvation effects on uptake, partitioning, and redistribution during the growing season is crucial to monitoring deficiencies in soybean plants. The goals of this study were (i) to evaluate the influence of P availability and soil type on soybean growth, P partitioning, and P redistribution across the plant cycle; (ii) to quantify late-season changes in Pi and Po concentrations in soybean organs and relate them to plant enzymatic activity; and (iii) identify the soybean growth stage where fundamental plant functions are affected by P deficiency and establish plant physiological indicators. Soybean plants were grown under fertilized and unfertilized Oxisol and Alfisol. Organic and inorganic P fractions were determined in roots, stems, petioles, leaves, and pods. Plant growth, P uptake, photosynthetic, and biochemical measurements were performed in V5, R1, R5, and R7 growth stages. The first symptom of P deficiency (V5) was a reduction in leaf area by more than 20 % and 50 % in unfertilized Oxisol and Alfisol, respectively. The photosynthetic rate began to decline at R1, while the plants' ability to process light energy was only affected at R5. In the late season (R7), Pi and Po concentrations decreased by approximately 20 % in plants grown in unfertilized Alfisol, whereas only Pi concentrations declined in plants grown in unfertilized Oxisol. These findings suggest that soybean response mechanisms to P stress vary depending on the stress level and growth stage. However, physiological indicators like leaf area, which are sensitive to short-term P stress, may help detect early-season P deficiency.

了解生长季节磷(P)饥饿对吸收、分配和再分配的影响对监测大豆植株的磷缺乏至关重要。本研究的目的是：(i)评估磷有效性和土壤类型对大豆生长、磷分配和磷在整个植物周期内再分配的影响；（ii）量化大豆各器官中Pi和Po浓度的季末变化，并将其与植物酶活性联系起来；(3)确定缺磷对大豆基本植物功能影响的生长阶段，建立植物生理指标。大豆植株分别在不同施肥条件下和未施肥条件下生长。测定了有机磷和无机磷在根、茎、叶柄、叶和豆荚中的含量。在V5、R1、R5和R7生育期进行植株生长、磷吸收、光合作用和生化测定。磷缺乏（V5）的第一个症状是未施肥的奥菲索和阿菲索的叶面积分别减少20% %和50% %以上。光合速率在R1时开始下降，而植株处理光能的能力仅在R5时受到影响。在后期（R7），未施肥的Alfisol植株的Pi和Po浓度下降了约20 %，而未施肥的Oxisol植株只有Pi浓度下降。这些结果表明，大豆对磷胁迫的响应机制因胁迫水平和生育期而异。然而，叶面积等对短期磷胁迫敏感的生理指标可能有助于早期缺磷的检测。

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引用次数: 0

High pH decreases the contents of stable organic nitrogen fractions and nitrogen supply capacity by inhibiting soil organic carbon in saline-sodic paddy fields 高pH通过抑制土壤有机碳，降低了盐碱田稳定有机氮组分的含量，降低了氮素供应能力

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.107018

Baishun Liu , Lihua Huang , Fengyi Zhang , Jinghui Cai , Lei Tian , Xiaotong Jiang , Yanping Liang , Ge Zhu , Guangzhi Huang

Soil salinization severely restricts the content of soil nitrogen, resulting in low rice yield in saline-sodic soils. It is well known that soil organic nitrogen (SON) fractions play important roles in nitrogen retention and supply. However, the SON fractions characteristics, and the mechanism of salinization affecting on SON fractions and nitrogen supply have not been clearly elucidated in saline-sodic paddy soils. In this study, 168 paddy soil samples with different salinity and alkalinity were collected to construct a machine learning model and structural equation model (SEM) to describe the characteristics of SON fractions, quantify the influence of soil factors on SON fractions, and elucidate the mechanism of salinization affecting on SON fractions and nitrogen supply. The results showed that the non-hydrolysable nitrogen (NHN) had significantly negative correlation with soil pH, and NHN decreased by 31.6 % in severe saline-sodic soils compared to moderate saline-sodic soils, and by 55.3 % compared to mild saline-sodic soils. The soil organic carbon (SOC) was signiﬁcantly positively correlated with SON fractions, which explained amino acid nitrogen (AAN) and NHN variation of 13.9 % and 17.7 %, respectively. Among all SON fractions, the NHN showed higher nitrogen supply potential in saline-sodic paddy soils, which explained available nitrogen (AN) variation of 38.0 %. Soil salinization mainly affects the stable SON fractions (mainly NHN) by inhibiting SOC, thereby suppressing the long-term supply of AN and reducing the retention and supply capacity of nitrogen in saline-sodic paddy soils.

土壤盐碱化严重制约了土壤氮素含量，导致盐碱地水稻产量低。土壤有机氮组分在氮素的保持和供给中起着重要的作用。然而，盐碱化对盐碱化水稻土SON组分特征及影响SON组分和氮素供应的机理尚不清楚。本研究收集了168个不同盐度和碱度的水稻土样品，构建机器学习模型和结构方程模型（SEM）来描述SON组分的特征，量化土壤因子对SON组分的影响，阐明盐渍化对SON组分和氮供应的影响机制。结果表明，非水解氮（NHN）与土壤pH呈显著负相关，重度盐碱地NHN比中度盐碱地降低31.6% %，轻度盐碱地NHN降低55.3% %。土壤有机碳（SOC）与SON组分呈极显著正相关，氨基酸氮（AAN）和NHN的变化分别为13.9 %和17.7 %。在所有SON组分中，NHN在盐碱型水稻土中表现出更高的氮供应潜力，这解释了有效氮（AN）的38.0 %的变化。土壤盐碱化主要通过抑制有机碳来影响稳定SON组分（主要是NHN），从而抑制氮素的长期供应，降低盐碱化水稻土氮素的保留和供应能力。

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引用次数: 0

Plastic film mulch mitigates soil respiration by reducing the duration of freeze-thaw transition 塑料薄膜覆盖通过减少冻融过渡的持续时间来减轻土壤呼吸

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.107038

Yufei Li , Kaiping Zhang , Wucheng Zhao , Yuling Li , Ningning Zhang , Pingxing Wan , Zhongke Zhou , Jianjun Yang , Hongyuan Kan , Feng Zhang

Soil freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs) during the non-growing season influence soil respiration (R_s), yet the effect of widely used plastic film mulch (PFM) on FTCs remains unclear. Based on four years of high-frequency observations in the semi-arid Loess Plateau, we found that PFM shortened the freeze-thaw transition (F-T) period by 59 days per year and extended the freezing period by 42 days per year through reducing the daily soil temperature (ST) range by 2.5 °C during the non-growing season. Although microbial biomass carbon (MBC) decreased during the F-T period compared to the freeze period, increases in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the activities of β-glucosidase (BG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH) contributed to higher R_s under both treatments. PFM did not significantly influence R_s (relative to the control) within either period. PFM increased cumulative CO₂ emissions by 24 g C m⁻² due to the extended freezing period, while reducing emissions by 47 g C m⁻² owing to the shortened F-T period. PFM increased R_s by 24 % during the thaw period, causing only an 8 g C m⁻² rise. Overall, PFM reduced cumulative CO₂ emissions by 16 %. To investigate the regional effect of PFM on FTCs, we used a process-based model with good performance to simulate the spatiotemporal patterns of FTCs in PFM-applied cropland across northern China. Simulations showed that PFM shorten annual F-T periods by approximately 15 days, especially between 35°N and 45°N. Of the un-mulched cropland in northern China, 7 % showed an increasing F-T duration from 1990 to 2019, a figure which potentially increased to 11 % under PFM, mainly located in Northeast China. During the same period, 16 % of the un-mulched cropland showed a decreasing F-T events, which increase to 19 % under PFM, primarily in the central part of northern China. These results suggest that PFM effectively reduces F-T duration and may mitigate non-growing season R_s.

非生长季节土壤冻融循环影响土壤呼吸，但地膜覆盖对土壤冻融循环的影响尚不清楚。基于4年黄土高原半干旱地区的高频观测，研究发现，在非生长期，PFM使土壤日温度（ST）变化幅度降低2.5℃，使冻融过渡期（F-T）每年缩短59天，冻结期每年延长42天。与冻结期相比，F-T处理期间微生物生物量碳（MBC）减少，但溶解有机碳（DOC）和β-葡萄糖苷酶（BG）、纤维素生物水解酶（CBH）活性的增加均导致Rs升高。在两个时间段内，PFM均未显著影响Rs（相对于对照组）。由于冻结期延长，PFM使累积CO2排放量增加了24 g C m−2，而由于缩短了F-T期，减少了47 g C m−2。在解冻期间，PFM增加了24 %的Rs，仅引起8 g cm−2的上升。总体而言，PFM减少了累积二氧化碳排放量的16% %。为了研究土壤施肥对土壤覆盖度的区域效应，我们采用一个基于过程的模型对中国北方施用土壤覆盖度的时空格局进行了模拟。模拟结果表明，PFM使年F-T周期缩短了约15天，特别是在35°N和45°N之间。1990 - 2019年，中国北方未覆盖的农田中，有7% %的土壤土壤温度持续时间增加，而在土壤保护措施下，这一数字有可能增加到11. %，主要分布在东北地区。同期，16 %的未覆盖农田的F-T事件呈下降趋势，在土壤保护措施下上升至19 %，主要集中在华北中部地区。这些结果表明，PFM可以有效地缩短F-T持续时间，并可能减轻非生长期Rs。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing water use efficiency and crop production through shallow- and deep-rooted crop strip intercropping in semi-arid regions 半干旱区浅根与深根作物带状间作提高水分利用效率和作物产量

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.107043

Yuhuan Wu , Qianhu Ma , Yanan Liu , Zikui Wang

In semi-arid dryland farming, continuous cultivation of perennial deep-rooted pastures can excessively deplete soil moisture, whereas annual crops underutilize precipitation. We hypothesize that intercropping these two types of plants has great potential for water resource conservation and efficient utilization. A field experiment on wheat-alfalfa strip intercropping was conducted over four seasons from September 2017 to September 2021 to examine root development and water use in three intercrops with wheat-to-alfalfa row ratios of 2:1 (I21), 4:2 (I42), and 8:4 (I84). We observed that wheat roots were primarily distributed within the 0–2 m soil profile, whereas alfalfa roots extended to 5-m-depth. Intercropping reduced vertical penetration while facilitating the lateral extension of wheat roots into alfalfa strips and promoting alfalfa roots distribution laterally below 2-m-depth in the wheat strip. Intercropping also increased root length and surface area of both species. Root plasticity enhanced the complementary use of soil water. Wheat in I21, I42, and I84 absorbed an average of 39.0, 33.1, and 14.7 mm yr⁻¹ of soil water from the alfalfa strip. In the dry year, 2021, alfalfa in I21, I42, and I84 absorbed 19.5, 20.2, and 62.4 mm of soil water from the wheat strip below 2-m-depth. Intercropping increased wheat grain yield by 18.4–22.3 % while maintaining the alfalfa biomass production. The wide-strip pattern, I84, achieved the highest production and water use advantages, averaging 9 % and 13 % respectively, over monocultures, with peaks of 14 % and 31 % in 2021. Our research confirms the feasibility of intercropping shallow- and deep-rooted crops to enhance water use efficiency in semi-arid regions, demonstrating a replicable and scalable approach that can be applied globally.

在半干旱旱地耕作中，连作多年生深根牧场会过度消耗土壤水分，而一年生作物对降水的利用不足。我们推测，间作这两种植物在水资源保护和有效利用方面具有很大的潜力。2017年9月至2021年9月，采用小麦-苜蓿带状间作4个季节的田间试验，研究了小麦-苜蓿行比为2:1 （I21）、4:2 （I42）和8:4 （I84）的3种间作作物根系发育和水分利用情况。小麦根系主要分布在0 ~ 2 m土壤剖面内，而苜蓿根系向5 m深度延伸。间作减少了小麦根系的垂直渗透，促进了小麦根系向苜蓿带的横向延伸，促进了苜蓿根系在小麦带2 m以下的横向分布。间作也增加了两种植物的根长和表面积。根系可塑性增强了对土壤水分的补充利用。I21、I42和I84年小麦从苜蓿带吸收的土壤水分平均为39.0、33.1和14.7 mm yr−1。在干旱年份2021年，I21、I42和I84苜蓿分别从小麦条2 m以下土壤中吸收19.5、20.2和62.4 mm的水分。间作可使小麦籽粒产量提高18.4 ~ 22.3% %，同时保持苜蓿生物量产量。宽条栽培I84的产量和水分利用优势最高，平均分别为9 %和13 %，在2021年达到峰值14 %和31 %。我们的研究证实了在半干旱地区采用浅根和深根作物间作提高水分利用效率的可行性，展示了一种可复制和可扩展的方法，可以在全球范围内应用。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-frequency SAR and optical data integration for continental-scale digital mapping of soil chemical properties across Europe 多频SAR和光学数据集成，用于全欧洲土壤化学性质的大陆尺度数字制图

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.107034

Tao Zhou , Yajun Geng , Huijie Li , Hongmin Zhang , Hongchen Li , Junming Liu , Shuang Li , Tingting Liu , Jianjun Pan , Bingcheng Si , Angela Lausch

Timely and accurate spatial information on soil properties is essential for addressing global challenges, including climate change, food security, and ecosystem degradation. Despite advances in digital soil mapping (DSM), current approaches remain limited by reliance on optical satellite data and insufficient exploration of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) potential at continental scales. Here, we advance DSM by integrating multi-frequency SAR and optical satellite observations to map four key soil chemical properties—soil organic carbon, pH, extractable potassium, and total nitrogen—across Europe. Eleven scenarios with different data integrations, combined with two machine learners (support vector machine and random forest algorithms) and measurements from the LUCAS 2018 soil module, were employed to construct prediction models. The results confirm that continental-scale DSM is feasible using long-term optical and SAR observations. For all soil properties, C-band Sentinel-1 outperformed L-band PALSAR-1/2, and the integration of multi-frequency SAR data achieved prediction accuracies comparable to or even exceeding those of optical data, with R² improvements of approximately 29 %–87 % compared with using only L-band backscatter bands. The joint use of radar and optical observations produced the best performance, improving predictions of all soil properties compared to using optical data alone, with R² values ranging approximately from 0.31 to 0.60—highest for soil pH and lowest for soil total nitrogen. The relative importance of SAR features in the predictions varied with specific polarization modes and band frequencies, and radar indices were found to be more influential in models than backscatter bands. The generated soil property maps showed spatial patterns consistent with previous efforts based on multi-source environmental data. This study demonstrates that multi-frequency SAR data can both substitute for and complement optical data in DSM, offering new insights and practical directions for future model development.

及时准确的土壤属性空间信息对于应对气候变化、粮食安全和生态系统退化等全球性挑战至关重要。尽管数字土壤制图（DSM）取得了进展，但目前的方法仍然受到光学卫星数据的依赖和对大陆尺度合成孔径雷达（SAR）潜力的探索不足的限制。在这里，我们通过整合多频SAR和光学卫星观测来推进DSM，以绘制整个欧洲的四个关键土壤化学性质-土壤有机碳，pH值，可提取钾和总氮。采用11种不同数据集成的场景，结合两种机器学习算法（支持向量机和随机森林算法）和LUCAS 2018土壤模块的测量值来构建预测模型。通过长期光学和SAR观测，证实了大陆尺度DSM是可行的。对于所有土壤性质，c波段Sentinel-1优于l波段PALSAR-1/2，多频SAR数据的集成实现了与光学数据相当甚至超过光学数据的预测精度，与仅使用l波段后向散射波段相比，R²提高了约29 % -87 %。雷达和光学观测的联合使用产生了最好的性能，与单独使用光学数据相比，提高了对所有土壤性质的预测，R²值约为0.31至0.60，土壤pH值最高，土壤全氮最低。SAR特征在预测中的相对重要性随特定偏振模式和频带频率的变化而变化，雷达指数在模型中的影响大于后向散射波段。生成的土壤属性图显示了与先前基于多源环境数据的工作一致的空间格局。该研究表明，多频SAR数据可以替代和补充DSM中的光学数据，为未来的模型开发提供了新的见解和实践方向。

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引用次数: 0