Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2024.03.003
COVID-19 has prominent effects on the nervous system with important manifestations on neuroimaging. In this review, we discuss the neuroimaging appearance of acute COVID-19 that became evident during the early stages of the pandemic. We highlight the underlying pathophysiology mediating nervous system effects and neuroimaging appearances including systemic inflammatory response such as cytokine storm, coagulopathy, and para/post-infections immune mediated phenomena. We also discuss the nervous system manifestations of COVID-19 and the role of imaging as the pandemic has evolved over time, including related to the development of vaccines and the emergence of post-acute sequalae such as long COVID.
{"title":"COVID-19 Neuroimaging Update: Pathophysiology, Acute Findings, and Post-Acute Developments","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>COVID-19 has prominent effects on the nervous system with important manifestations on neuroimaging. In this review, we discuss the neuroimaging appearance of acute COVID-19 that became evident during the early stages of the pandemic. We highlight the underlying pathophysiology mediating nervous system effects and neuroimaging appearances including systemic inflammatory response such as cytokine storm, coagulopathy, and para/post-infections immune mediated phenomena. We also discuss the nervous system manifestations of COVID-19 and the role of imaging as the pandemic has evolved over time, including related to the development of vaccines and the emergence of post-acute sequalae such as long COVID.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":"45 4","pages":"Pages 318-331"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140190226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2024.02.007
This review explores imaging’s crucial role in acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) assessment. High Resolution Computer Tomography is especially effective in detection of lung abnormalities. Chest radiography has limited utility in the initial stages of COVID-19 infection. Lung Ultrasound has emerged as a valuable, radiation-free tool in critical care, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging shows promise as a Computed Tomography alternative. Typical and atypical findings of COVID-19 by each of these modalities are discussed with emphasis on their prognostic value. Considerations for pediatric and immunocompromised cases are outlined. A comprehensive diagnostic approach is recommended, as radiological diagnosis remains challenging in the acute phase.
{"title":"Evaluating Acute Pulmonary Changes of Coronavirus 2019: Comparative Analysis of the Pertinent Modalities","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review explores imaging’s crucial role in acute Coronavirus Disease 2019<span><span><span> (COVID-19) assessment. High Resolution Computer Tomography<span> is especially effective in detection of lung abnormalities. Chest radiography<span> has limited utility in the initial stages of COVID-19 infection. Lung Ultrasound has emerged as a valuable, radiation-free tool in critical care, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging shows promise as a Computed Tomography alternative. Typical and atypical findings of COVID-19 by each of these modalities are discussed with emphasis on their prognostic value. Considerations for </span></span></span>pediatric and immunocompromised cases are outlined. A comprehensive diagnostic approach is recommended, as </span>radiological diagnosis remains challenging in the acute phase.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":"45 4","pages":"Pages 288-297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140013562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2024.03.001
The coronavirus pandemic of 2019 (COVID-19) was arguably the most pivotal global event that current generations have witnessed, with unprecedented global challenges, and colossal effects on health systems. The financial consequences, in particular, were profound and far-reaching. Staggering estimates of up to $50.7 billion dollars per month in lost revenue for the US health system were reported by the American Hospital Association (Kaye et al., 2021). The pandemic caused significant increases in cost of drugs, disruptions to medical supply chains, day-to-day workflow, and operations in all areas of medicine and various healthcare systems. Radiology experienced a significant burden of the damage, finding itself at the forefront of the pandemic’s economic fallout (American Hospital Association).
2019 年冠状病毒大流行（COVID-19）可以说是当代人所目睹的最关键的全球性事件，它带来了前所未有的全球性挑战，对卫生系统产生了巨大影响。尤其是财务方面的后果，影响深远。据美国医院协会报告（Kaye et al.）大流行导致药品成本大幅增加，医疗供应链、日常工作流程以及所有医学领域和各种医疗保健系统的运营受到干扰。放射科承受了巨大的损失，发现自己处于大流行病经济影响的最前沿（美国医院协会）。
{"title":"The Financial Impact of COVID on Radiology Health Systems","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The coronavirus<span> pandemic of 2019 (COVID-19) was arguably the most pivotal global event that current generations have witnessed, with unprecedented global challenges, and colossal effects on health systems. The financial consequences, in particular, were profound and far-reaching. Staggering estimates of up to $50.7 billion dollars per month in lost revenue for the US health system were reported by the American Hospital Association (Kaye et al., 2021). The pandemic caused significant increases in cost of drugs, disruptions to </span></span>medical supply<span> chains, day-to-day workflow, and operations in all areas of medicine and various healthcare systems. Radiology experienced a significant burden of the damage, finding itself at the forefront of the pandemic’s economic fallout (American Hospital Association).</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":"45 4","pages":"Pages 309-313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140289381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2024.03.002
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly strained global health systems, leading to the rapid adoption of telemedicine and changes in workforce management. Previously underused, telemedicine became an essential means of delivering healthcare while adhering to physical distancing guidelines. This transition addressed longstanding barriers like connectivity issues. Simultaneously, the radiology sector innovated by widely implementing remote reading stations, which helped manage exposure risks and conserve human resources. Moreover, the pandemic highlighted the critical role of technological advancements beyond telemedicine, such as the accelerated integration of AI in diagnostics and management. This article examines these comprehensive effects, emphasizing the remote work adaptations and innovations in healthcare systems that have reshaped both healthcare delivery and workforce dynamics during the pandemic.
{"title":"The Impact of COVID on Health Systems: The Workforce and Telemedicine Perspective","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The COVID-19 pandemic significantly strained global health systems<span>, leading to the rapid adoption of telemedicine<span> and changes in workforce management. Previously underused, telemedicine became an essential means of delivering healthcare while adhering to </span></span></span>physical distancing<span><span> guidelines. This transition addressed longstanding barriers like connectivity issues. Simultaneously, the radiology sector innovated by widely implementing remote reading stations, which helped manage exposure risks and conserve human resources. Moreover, the pandemic highlighted the critical role of technological advancements beyond telemedicine, such as the accelerated integration of AI in </span>diagnostics and management. This article examines these comprehensive effects, emphasizing the remote work adaptations and innovations in healthcare systems that have reshaped both healthcare delivery and workforce dynamics during the pandemic.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":"45 4","pages":"Pages 314-317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140289382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.002
Tara Catanzano
{"title":"Letter from the Guest Editor","authors":"Tara Catanzano","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":"45 4","pages":"Page 287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.013
Gabriela Gayer
{"title":"Letter from the Editor.","authors":"Gabriela Gayer","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.013","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.012
Stephen L Sartin, Dhanwin R Shetty, Chad D Strange, Gabriela Gayer, Jitesh Ahuja, Rishi Agrawal, Mylene T Truong
Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) has become the mainstay imaging modality for evaluating oncology patients with certain cancers. The most common FDG PET/CT applications include staging/restaging, assessing response to therapy and detecting tumor recurrence. It is important to be aware of potential pitfalls and technical artifacts on PET/CT in the chest and abdomen to ensure accurate interpretation, avoid unnecessary intervention and optimize patient care.
{"title":"Pitfalls in Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in the Thorax and Abdomen.","authors":"Stephen L Sartin, Dhanwin R Shetty, Chad D Strange, Gabriela Gayer, Jitesh Ahuja, Rishi Agrawal, Mylene T Truong","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) has become the mainstay imaging modality for evaluating oncology patients with certain cancers. The most common FDG PET/CT applications include staging/restaging, assessing response to therapy and detecting tumor recurrence. It is important to be aware of potential pitfalls and technical artifacts on PET/CT in the chest and abdomen to ensure accurate interpretation, avoid unnecessary intervention and optimize patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.005
Lauren T Erasmus, Chad D Strange, Jitesh Ahuja, Rishi Agrawal, Girish S Shroff, Edith M Marom, Mylene T Truong
Imaging plays a key role in clinical staging of lung cancer and guiding therapy. A thorough understanding of the staging system including the nomenclature and updates is necessary to tailor treatment plans and optimize patient care. The 9th edition of the Tumor, Node, Metastasis staging system for lung cancer has no changes for T classification and subdivides N2 and M1c categories. In nodal staging, N2 splits into N2a, ipsilateral mediastinal single station involvement and N2b, ipsilateral mediastinal multiple stations involvement. In the staging of multiple extrathoracic metastases, M1c splits into M1c1, multiple extrathoracic metastases in one organ system and M1c2, multiple extrathoracic metastases in multiple organ systems. Awareness of the proposed changes in TNM-9 staging classification is essential to provide methodical and accurate imaging interpretation.
{"title":"Imaging of Lung Cancer Staging: TNM 9 Updates.","authors":"Lauren T Erasmus, Chad D Strange, Jitesh Ahuja, Rishi Agrawal, Girish S Shroff, Edith M Marom, Mylene T Truong","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Imaging plays a key role in clinical staging of lung cancer and guiding therapy. A thorough understanding of the staging system including the nomenclature and updates is necessary to tailor treatment plans and optimize patient care. The 9th edition of the Tumor, Node, Metastasis staging system for lung cancer has no changes for T classification and subdivides N2 and M1c categories. In nodal staging, N2 splits into N2a, ipsilateral mediastinal single station involvement and N2b, ipsilateral mediastinal multiple stations involvement. In the staging of multiple extrathoracic metastases, M1c splits into M1c1, multiple extrathoracic metastases in one organ system and M1c2, multiple extrathoracic metastases in multiple organ systems. Awareness of the proposed changes in TNM-9 staging classification is essential to provide methodical and accurate imaging interpretation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.006
Vera Sorin, Zehavit Kirshenboim, Maximiliano Klug, Jitesh Ahuja, Edith M Marom
Staging classification is essential in cancer management and is based on three components: tumor extent (T), lymph node involvement (N), and distant metastatic disease (M). For thymic epithelial malignancies, clinical Tumour, Node, Metastasis (cTNM) staging is primarily determined by imaging, making radiologists integral to clinical practice, treatment decisions, and maintaining the quality of staging databases. The ninth edition of the TNM classification for thymic epithelial tumors will be implemented in January 2025. This review outlines the definitions for the TNM categories in the updated edition, provides examples, and elaborates on the radiologist's role and imaging considerations.
{"title":"The Ninth Edition TNM Staging Classification for Thymic Epithelial Tumors.","authors":"Vera Sorin, Zehavit Kirshenboim, Maximiliano Klug, Jitesh Ahuja, Edith M Marom","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Staging classification is essential in cancer management and is based on three components: tumor extent (T), lymph node involvement (N), and distant metastatic disease (M). For thymic epithelial malignancies, clinical Tumour, Node, Metastasis (cTNM) staging is primarily determined by imaging, making radiologists integral to clinical practice, treatment decisions, and maintaining the quality of staging databases. The ninth edition of the TNM classification for thymic epithelial tumors will be implemented in January 2025. This review outlines the definitions for the TNM categories in the updated edition, provides examples, and elaborates on the radiologist's role and imaging considerations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.007
Rishi Agrawal, Shubendu Mishra, Chad D Strange, Jitesh Ahuja, Girish S Shroff, Carol C Wu, Mylene T Truong
Chest radiography is one of the most commonly performed imaging tests, and benefits include accessibility, speed, cost, and relatively low radiation exposure. Lung cancer is the third most common cancer in the United States and is responsible for the most cancer deaths. Knowledge of the role of chest radiography in assessing patients with lung cancer is important. This article discusses radiographic manifestations of lung cancer, the utility of chest radiography in lung cancer management, as well as the limitations of chest radiography and when computed tomography (CT) is indicated.
{"title":"The Role of Chest Radiography in Lung Cancer.","authors":"Rishi Agrawal, Shubendu Mishra, Chad D Strange, Jitesh Ahuja, Girish S Shroff, Carol C Wu, Mylene T Truong","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chest radiography is one of the most commonly performed imaging tests, and benefits include accessibility, speed, cost, and relatively low radiation exposure. Lung cancer is the third most common cancer in the United States and is responsible for the most cancer deaths. Knowledge of the role of chest radiography in assessing patients with lung cancer is important. This article discusses radiographic manifestations of lung cancer, the utility of chest radiography in lung cancer management, as well as the limitations of chest radiography and when computed tomography (CT) is indicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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