Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.005
Lauren T Erasmus, Chad D Strange, Jitesh Ahuja, Rishi Agrawal, Girish S Shroff, Edith M Marom, Mylene T Truong
Imaging plays a key role in clinical staging of lung cancer and guiding therapy. A thorough understanding of the staging system including the nomenclature and updates is necessary to tailor treatment plans and optimize patient care. The 9th edition of the Tumor, Node, Metastasis staging system for lung cancer has no changes for T classification and subdivides N2 and M1c categories. In nodal staging, N2 splits into N2a, ipsilateral mediastinal single station involvement and N2b, ipsilateral mediastinal multiple stations involvement. In the staging of multiple extrathoracic metastases, M1c splits into M1c1, multiple extrathoracic metastases in one organ system and M1c2, multiple extrathoracic metastases in multiple organ systems. Awareness of the proposed changes in TNM-9 staging classification is essential to provide methodical and accurate imaging interpretation.
{"title":"Imaging of Lung Cancer Staging: TNM 9 Updates.","authors":"Lauren T Erasmus, Chad D Strange, Jitesh Ahuja, Rishi Agrawal, Girish S Shroff, Edith M Marom, Mylene T Truong","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Imaging plays a key role in clinical staging of lung cancer and guiding therapy. A thorough understanding of the staging system including the nomenclature and updates is necessary to tailor treatment plans and optimize patient care. The 9th edition of the Tumor, Node, Metastasis staging system for lung cancer has no changes for T classification and subdivides N2 and M1c categories. In nodal staging, N2 splits into N2a, ipsilateral mediastinal single station involvement and N2b, ipsilateral mediastinal multiple stations involvement. In the staging of multiple extrathoracic metastases, M1c splits into M1c1, multiple extrathoracic metastases in one organ system and M1c2, multiple extrathoracic metastases in multiple organ systems. Awareness of the proposed changes in TNM-9 staging classification is essential to provide methodical and accurate imaging interpretation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.006
Vera Sorin, Zehavit Kirshenboim, Maximiliano Klug, Jitesh Ahuja, Edith M Marom
Staging classification is essential in cancer management and is based on three components: tumor extent (T), lymph node involvement (N), and distant metastatic disease (M). For thymic epithelial malignancies, clinical Tumour, Node, Metastasis (cTNM) staging is primarily determined by imaging, making radiologists integral to clinical practice, treatment decisions, and maintaining the quality of staging databases. The ninth edition of the TNM classification for thymic epithelial tumors will be implemented in January 2025. This review outlines the definitions for the TNM categories in the updated edition, provides examples, and elaborates on the radiologist's role and imaging considerations.
{"title":"The Ninth Edition TNM Staging Classification for Thymic Epithelial Tumors.","authors":"Vera Sorin, Zehavit Kirshenboim, Maximiliano Klug, Jitesh Ahuja, Edith M Marom","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Staging classification is essential in cancer management and is based on three components: tumor extent (T), lymph node involvement (N), and distant metastatic disease (M). For thymic epithelial malignancies, clinical Tumour, Node, Metastasis (cTNM) staging is primarily determined by imaging, making radiologists integral to clinical practice, treatment decisions, and maintaining the quality of staging databases. The ninth edition of the TNM classification for thymic epithelial tumors will be implemented in January 2025. This review outlines the definitions for the TNM categories in the updated edition, provides examples, and elaborates on the radiologist's role and imaging considerations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.007
Rishi Agrawal, Shubendu Mishra, Chad D Strange, Jitesh Ahuja, Girish S Shroff, Carol C Wu, Mylene T Truong
Chest radiography is one of the most commonly performed imaging tests, and benefits include accessibility, speed, cost, and relatively low radiation exposure. Lung cancer is the third most common cancer in the United States and is responsible for the most cancer deaths. Knowledge of the role of chest radiography in assessing patients with lung cancer is important. This article discusses radiographic manifestations of lung cancer, the utility of chest radiography in lung cancer management, as well as the limitations of chest radiography and when computed tomography (CT) is indicated.
{"title":"The Role of Chest Radiography in Lung Cancer.","authors":"Rishi Agrawal, Shubendu Mishra, Chad D Strange, Jitesh Ahuja, Girish S Shroff, Carol C Wu, Mylene T Truong","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chest radiography is one of the most commonly performed imaging tests, and benefits include accessibility, speed, cost, and relatively low radiation exposure. Lung cancer is the third most common cancer in the United States and is responsible for the most cancer deaths. Knowledge of the role of chest radiography in assessing patients with lung cancer is important. This article discusses radiographic manifestations of lung cancer, the utility of chest radiography in lung cancer management, as well as the limitations of chest radiography and when computed tomography (CT) is indicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.009
Abrahão Elias-Neto, Ana Paula F C Gonzaga, Fernanda A Braga, Natália B N Gomes, Ulysses S Torres, Giuseppe D'Ippolito
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide with its incidence on the rise globally. This paper provides a comprehensive review of prognostic imaging markers in HCC, emphasizing their role in risk stratification and clinical decision-making. We explore quantitative and qualitative criteria derived from imaging studies, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which can offer valuable insights into the biological behavior of the tumor. While many of these markers are not yet widely integrated into current clinical guidelines, they represent a promising future direction for approaching this highly heterogeneous cancer. However, standardization and validation of these markers remain important challenges. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of ongoing research to enhance clinical practices and improve outcomes for patients with HCC.
{"title":"Imaging Prognostic Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Abrahão Elias-Neto, Ana Paula F C Gonzaga, Fernanda A Braga, Natália B N Gomes, Ulysses S Torres, Giuseppe D'Ippolito","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide with its incidence on the rise globally. This paper provides a comprehensive review of prognostic imaging markers in HCC, emphasizing their role in risk stratification and clinical decision-making. We explore quantitative and qualitative criteria derived from imaging studies, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which can offer valuable insights into the biological behavior of the tumor. While many of these markers are not yet widely integrated into current clinical guidelines, they represent a promising future direction for approaching this highly heterogeneous cancer. However, standardization and validation of these markers remain important challenges. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of ongoing research to enhance clinical practices and improve outcomes for patients with HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.010
Natália B N Gomes, Ulysses S Torres, Maria Lucia C G Ferraz, Giuseppe D'Ippolito
Autoimmune hepatitis is a rare chronic liver disease, associated with a high level of morbidity and high mortality; approximately 40% of patients with severe untreated disease die within 6 months of diagnosis. It should be treated to achieve complete biochemical and histologic resolution of the disease using corticosteroids and immunosuppression to prevent further progression to cirrhosis. The use of invasive liver biopsy is recommended for the staging and assessment of inflammation and fibrosis for treatment decision-making in the face of an unsatisfactory response or clinical remission, including being a determinant for withdrawal of immunosuppression. On the other hand, liver biopsy is invasive, costly, and not free of complications. It also has potential sampling error and poor interobserver agreement. The limitations of liver biopsy highlight the importance of developing new imaging biomarkers that allow accurate and non-invasive assessment of autoimmune hepatitis in terms of liver inflammation and fibrosis, developing the virtual biopsy concept. Therefore, we review the state-of-the-art of Magnetic Resonance Imaging sequences for the noninvasive evaluation of autoimmune hepatitis, including historical advances and future directions.
{"title":"Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Detection of Liver Fibrosis and Inflammation in Autoimmune Hepatitis: A State-of-the-Art Review.","authors":"Natália B N Gomes, Ulysses S Torres, Maria Lucia C G Ferraz, Giuseppe D'Ippolito","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autoimmune hepatitis is a rare chronic liver disease, associated with a high level of morbidity and high mortality; approximately 40% of patients with severe untreated disease die within 6 months of diagnosis. It should be treated to achieve complete biochemical and histologic resolution of the disease using corticosteroids and immunosuppression to prevent further progression to cirrhosis. The use of invasive liver biopsy is recommended for the staging and assessment of inflammation and fibrosis for treatment decision-making in the face of an unsatisfactory response or clinical remission, including being a determinant for withdrawal of immunosuppression. On the other hand, liver biopsy is invasive, costly, and not free of complications. It also has potential sampling error and poor interobserver agreement. The limitations of liver biopsy highlight the importance of developing new imaging biomarkers that allow accurate and non-invasive assessment of autoimmune hepatitis in terms of liver inflammation and fibrosis, developing the virtual biopsy concept. Therefore, we review the state-of-the-art of Magnetic Resonance Imaging sequences for the noninvasive evaluation of autoimmune hepatitis, including historical advances and future directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.011
Raquel N Lopes, Eduardo O Pacheco, Lucas R Torres, Ulysses S Torres, Giuseppe D'Ippolito
Gestational complications are common in radiological practice and can be identified and evaluated using various imaging methods. Each complication typically presents with specific imaging features; however, there is a lack of comprehensive literature that consolidates this information to facilitate a diagnostic algorithm and focused study. In this context, this review aims to revisit the theoretical basis of differentials in pregnancy-related complications, discussing classic imaging features and providing examples of key features for each diagnosis. The focus is on essential information for accurate diagnosis, emphasizing the role of radiologists in contributing to better outcomes.
{"title":"Common and Uncommon Gestational Complications in Radiological Practice: An Overview.","authors":"Raquel N Lopes, Eduardo O Pacheco, Lucas R Torres, Ulysses S Torres, Giuseppe D'Ippolito","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.011","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gestational complications are common in radiological practice and can be identified and evaluated using various imaging methods. Each complication typically presents with specific imaging features; however, there is a lack of comprehensive literature that consolidates this information to facilitate a diagnostic algorithm and focused study. In this context, this review aims to revisit the theoretical basis of differentials in pregnancy-related complications, discussing classic imaging features and providing examples of key features for each diagnosis. The focus is on essential information for accurate diagnosis, emphasizing the role of radiologists in contributing to better outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.008
Gabriela Gayer
The rapid advancement of medical technology has introduced a plethora of innovative devices designed for use within the thoracic cavity. Familiarity with the characteristic imaging features of these devices, their purpose and desired positioning is crucial for radiologists to identify them promptly and accurately assess any associated complications. This pictorial review provides a comprehensive overview of the radiologic findings associated with various new chest devices, aiming to equip radiologists with the knowledge required for effective clinical management.
{"title":"Cardiothoracic Medical Devices - A Pictorial Review.","authors":"Gabriela Gayer","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid advancement of medical technology has introduced a plethora of innovative devices designed for use within the thoracic cavity. Familiarity with the characteristic imaging features of these devices, their purpose and desired positioning is crucial for radiologists to identify them promptly and accurately assess any associated complications. This pictorial review provides a comprehensive overview of the radiologic findings associated with various new chest devices, aiming to equip radiologists with the knowledge required for effective clinical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nail disorders are frequently a challenge to diagnose correctly only based on clinical findings. Moreover, biopsies may leave scars due to damage to the nail matrix. Currently, high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) with probes >15 MHz is the first-choice imaging technique to study the nail. Compared with other imaging tests such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, HFUS has the advantage of high-resolution imaging of the nail apparatus without exposure to radiation, contrast media, and the risk of claustrophobia of these other expensive imaging methods. Notably, the axial spatial resolution of HFUS is higher than computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging; therefore, it can better discriminate the anatomical alterations. Our objective is to review the main applications of HFUS of the nail through literature analysis and illustration of cases of the most frequent pathologies found in our experience, exemplifying why, how, and when HFUS could help diagnose nail diseases.
{"title":"Ultrasound of Nails: Why, How, When","authors":"Estêvão A.T. Vargas , Vanessa M.L. Finato , Luna Azulay-Abulafia , Andreia Leverone , Robertha Nakamura , Ximena Wortsman","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2023.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2023.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Nail disorders<span><span> are frequently a challenge to diagnose correctly only based on clinical findings. Moreover, biopsies may leave scars due to damage to the nail matrix. Currently, high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) with probes >15 MHz is the first-choice imaging technique to study the nail. Compared with other imaging tests such as </span>computed tomography<span> and magnetic resonance imaging, HFUS has the advantage of high-resolution imaging of the nail apparatus without exposure to radiation, contrast media, and the risk of </span></span></span>claustrophobia<span> of these other expensive imaging methods. Notably, the axial spatial resolution of HFUS is higher than computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging; therefore, it can better discriminate the anatomical alterations. Our objective is to review the main applications of HFUS of the nail through literature analysis and illustration of cases of the most frequent pathologies found in our experience, exemplifying why, how, and when HFUS could help diagnose nail diseases.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138499964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2023.11.003
Orlando Catalano MD , Antonio Corvino MD
Ultrasound is an imaging technique that can provide critical anatomical information about malignant skin tumors that cannot be deducted by clinical examination, dermoscopy, or even biopsy. This data can support detecting and assessing the extent of the primary tumor and its differential diagnosis, surgical planning, and locoregional staging. Moreover, this non-invasive technique can help to follow-up and detect recurrences. This review aims to address the most common indications for ultrasound in skin oncology and provide a comprehensive guide to the grayscale and color-Doppler findings in cutaneous melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and other cutaneous malignant tumors.
{"title":"Ultrasound of Skin Cancer: What We Need to Know","authors":"Orlando Catalano MD , Antonio Corvino MD","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2023.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2023.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Ultrasound is an imaging technique that can provide critical anatomical information about </span>malignant skin tumors<span> that cannot be deducted by clinical examination, dermoscopy<span>, or even biopsy. This data can support detecting and assessing the extent of the primary tumor<span> and its differential diagnosis, surgical planning, and locoregional staging. Moreover, this non-invasive technique can help to follow-up and detect recurrences. This review aims to address the most common indications for ultrasound in skin oncology and provide a comprehensive guide to the grayscale and color-Doppler findings in </span></span></span></span>cutaneous melanoma<span>, squamous cell carcinoma<span>, basal cell carcinoma, and other cutaneous malignant tumors.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138499965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2023.11.002
Luciana Zattar MD , Ximena Wortsman MD
Benign cutaneous tumors are commonly seen in daily practice. Most of these lesions are diagnosed based on clinical appearance, but in some cases, clinical findings are nonspecific. A diagnostic imaging exam is indicated to provide additional information, and the first choice for studying dermatologic lesions is a high-frequency color Doppler ultrasound, a noninvasive technique that can play a relevant role in all cases and give important anatomical information for final diagnosis and proper clinical management. This article aims to show the most common benign skin lesions emphasizing clinical-sonographic correlation and familiarizing radiologists with the sonographic appearance of the key benign cutaneous tumors.
{"title":"Ultrasound of Benign Cutaneous Tumors and Pseudotumors: The Key Lesions","authors":"Luciana Zattar MD , Ximena Wortsman MD","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2023.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2023.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Benign cutaneous tumors are commonly seen in daily practice. Most of these lesions are diagnosed based on clinical appearance, but in some cases, clinical findings are nonspecific. A diagnostic imaging exam is indicated to provide additional information, and the first choice for studying dermatologic lesions is a high-frequency color Doppler ultrasound, a noninvasive technique that can play a relevant role in all cases and give important anatomical information for final diagnosis and proper clinical management. This article aims to show the most common benign skin lesions emphasizing clinical-sonographic correlation and familiarizing radiologists with the sonographic appearance of the key benign cutaneous tumors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138499963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}