Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2023.03.012
Jean L.R. de Paiva MD, PhD , João V. Sabino MD , Fernanda V. Pereira MD , Paulo A. Okuda MD , Luciano de Lima Villarinho MD , Luciano de Souza Queiroz MD, PhD , Marcondes C. França Jr MD, PhD , Fabiano Reis MD, PhD
Spinal cord tumors are uncommon, and its multiple representatives not always have pathognomonic characteristics, which poses a challenge for both patients and caring physicians. The radiologist performs an important role in recognizing these tumors, as well as in differentiating between neoplastic and non-neoplastic processes, supporting clinical and surgical decision-making in patients with spinal cord injury. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) assessment, paired with a deep understanding of the various patterns of cord involvement allied to detailed clinical data can provide a diagnosis or significantly limit the differential diagnosis in most cases. In this article, we aim to review the most common and noteworthy intramedullary and extramedullary spinal tumors, as well as some other tumoral mimics, with an emphasis on their MRI morphologic characteristics.
{"title":"The Role of MRI in the Diagnosis of Spinal Cord Tumors","authors":"Jean L.R. de Paiva MD, PhD , João V. Sabino MD , Fernanda V. Pereira MD , Paulo A. Okuda MD , Luciano de Lima Villarinho MD , Luciano de Souza Queiroz MD, PhD , Marcondes C. França Jr MD, PhD , Fabiano Reis MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2023.03.012","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2023.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Spinal cord tumors are uncommon, and its multiple representatives not always have </span>pathognomonic characteristics, which poses a challenge for both patients and caring physicians. The radiologist performs an important role in recognizing these tumors, as well as in differentiating between neoplastic and non-neoplastic processes, supporting clinical and surgical decision-making </span>in patients<span> with spinal cord injury<span>. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) assessment, paired with a deep understanding of the various patterns of cord involvement allied to detailed clinical data can provide a diagnosis or significantly limit the differential diagnosis in most cases. In this article, we aim to review the most common and noteworthy intramedullary and extramedullary spinal tumors, as well as some other tumoral mimics, with an emphasis on their MRI morphologic characteristics.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10221704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2023.05.001
Fabiano Reis MD,PhD
{"title":"Letter From the Guest Editor","authors":"Fabiano Reis MD,PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2023.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2023.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10216532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2023.03.014
Igor Gomes Padilha MD , Ana Paula Alves Fonseca MD , Camila Trolez Amancio MD , Ana Patrícia Freitas Vieira MD , Felipe Torres Pacheco PhD , Antônio José da Rocha PhD
There are many vascular disorders that can affect the spinal cord, and their prevalence and etiology are highly influenced by age, sex, and risk factors. This article reviews the embryology and anatomy of the spinal cord, as well as several vascular conditions, describing their clinical and imaging presentation, emphasizing the different imaging modalities’ contributions to increasing specificity and better defining the most appropriate therapy strategy for improving the patient's prognosis.
{"title":"Vascular Myelopathies","authors":"Igor Gomes Padilha MD , Ana Paula Alves Fonseca MD , Camila Trolez Amancio MD , Ana Patrícia Freitas Vieira MD , Felipe Torres Pacheco PhD , Antônio José da Rocha PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2023.03.014","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2023.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There are many vascular disorders that can affect the spinal cord, and their prevalence and etiology are highly influenced by age, sex, and risk factors. This article reviews the embryology and anatomy of the spinal cord, as well as several vascular conditions, describing their clinical and imaging presentation, emphasizing the different imaging modalities’ contributions to increasing specificity and better defining the most appropriate therapy strategy for improving the patient's prognosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10212344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2023.03.011
Túlio de Almeida Hermes PhD , Vinicius de Menezes Jarry MD , Fabiano Reis MD , Elaine Minatel PhD
The spinal cord comprises the part of the central nervous system located within the vertebral canal, extending from the foramen magnum to approximately the second lumbar vertebra. The spinal cord is covered by 3 meninges: dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater (arranged from the outermost layer inward). A cross-section of the spinal cord reveals gray and white matter. Ascending and descending pathways have defined locations in the matter of the spinal cord. This article aims to review the spinal cord anatomy and demonstrate the imaging aspects, which are essential for the interpretation and understanding of spinal cord injuries.
{"title":"Anatomy and Imaging of the Spinal Cord: An Overview","authors":"Túlio de Almeida Hermes PhD , Vinicius de Menezes Jarry MD , Fabiano Reis MD , Elaine Minatel PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2023.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2023.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>The spinal cord comprises the part of the central nervous system located within the </span>vertebral canal, extending from the </span>foramen magnum<span> to approximately the second lumbar vertebra. The spinal cord is covered by 3 </span></span>meninges<span><span><span>: dura mater, arachnoid mater, and </span>pia mater (arranged from the outermost layer inward). A cross-section of the spinal cord reveals gray and white matter. Ascending and descending pathways have defined locations in the matter of the spinal cord. This article aims to review the spinal cord </span>anatomy<span> and demonstrate the imaging aspects, which are essential for the interpretation and understanding of spinal cord injuries.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10216529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2023.03.017
João Vitor Gerdulli Tamanini MD , João Vitor Sabino MD , Rafael Alves Cordeiro MD, PhD , Vanessa Mizubuti MD , Luciano de Lima Villarinho MD , Juliana Ávila Duarte MD, PhD , Fernanda Veloso Pereira MD , Simone Appenzeller MD, PhD , Alfredo Damasceno MD, PhD , Fabiano Reis MD, PhD
Demyelinating and inflammatory myelopathies represent a group of diseases with characteristic patterns in neuroimaging and several differential diagnoses. The main imaging patterns of demyelinating myelopathies (multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-related disorder) and inflammatory myelopathies (systemic lupus erythematosus-myelitis, sarcoidosis-myelitis, Sjögren-myelitis, and Behçet's-myelitis) will be discussed in this article, highlighting key points to the differential diagnosis.
{"title":"The Role of MRI in Differentiating Demyelinating and Inflammatory (not Infectious) Myelopathies","authors":"João Vitor Gerdulli Tamanini MD , João Vitor Sabino MD , Rafael Alves Cordeiro MD, PhD , Vanessa Mizubuti MD , Luciano de Lima Villarinho MD , Juliana Ávila Duarte MD, PhD , Fernanda Veloso Pereira MD , Simone Appenzeller MD, PhD , Alfredo Damasceno MD, PhD , Fabiano Reis MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2023.03.017","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2023.03.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Demyelinating and inflammatory myelopathies represent a group of </span>diseases<span> with characteristic patterns in neuroimaging and several differential diagnoses. The main imaging patterns of demyelinating myelopathies (multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, </span></span><span>acute disseminated encephalomyelitis</span><svg><path></path></svg><span>, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-related disorder) and inflammatory myelopathies (systemic lupus erythematosus-myelitis, sarcoidosis-myelitis, Sjögren-myelitis, and Behçet's-myelitis</span><strong>)</strong> will be discussed in this article, highlighting key points to the differential diagnosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10216530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2023.03.013
Diogo Goulart Corrêa MD, PhD , Luiz Celso Hygino da Cruz Jr MD, PhD , Antônio José da Rocha MD, PhD , Felipe Torres Pacheco MD, PhD
Metabolic and toxic myelopathies usually occurs due to several different causes. Metabolic myelopathy usually occurs due to deficiency of a nutrient, such as vitamin B12. Toxic myelopathy occurs secondary to the exposure to an external toxic agent. Although they may have a difficult diagnosis, determination of the specific cause of myelopathy is of utmost importance, because many causes are amenable to treatment. Although they have many clinical, electrophysiologic, and neuropathologic similarities, imaging may aid in the suspicion of toxic or metabolic myelopathy. The aim of this article, is to review the imaging features of the main toxic and metabolic myelopathies.
{"title":"Imaging Aspects of Toxic and Metabolic Myelopathies","authors":"Diogo Goulart Corrêa MD, PhD , Luiz Celso Hygino da Cruz Jr MD, PhD , Antônio José da Rocha MD, PhD , Felipe Torres Pacheco MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2023.03.013","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2023.03.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Metabolic and toxic myelopathies usually occurs due to several different causes. Metabolic myelopathy usually occurs due to deficiency of a nutrient, such as </span>vitamin B12<span>. Toxic myelopathy occurs secondary to the exposure to an external toxic agent. Although they may have a difficult diagnosis, determination of the specific cause of myelopathy is of utmost importance, because many causes are amenable to treatment. Although they have many clinical, electrophysiologic, and neuropathologic similarities, imaging may aid in the suspicion of toxic or metabolic myelopathy. The aim of this article, is to review the imaging features of the main toxic and metabolic myelopathies.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10221703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2023.03.016
Lucas de M.T. Branco , Thiago J.R. Rezende , Fabiano Reis , Marcondes C. França Jr
For a long time, technical obstacles have hampered the acquisition of high-resolution images and the development of reliable processing protocols for spinal cord (SC) MRI. Fortunately, this scenario has changed in the past 5-10 years, due to hardware and software improvements. Nowadays, with advanced protocols, SC MRI is considered a useful tool for several inherited and acquired neurologic diseases, not only for diagnosis approach but also for pathophysiological unraveling and as a biomarker for disease monitoring and clinical trials. In this review, we address advanced SC MRI sequences for macrostructural and microstructural evaluation, useful semiautomatic and automatic processing tools and clinical applications on several neurologic conditions such as hereditary cerebellar ataxia, hereditary spastic paraplegia, motor neuron diseases and multiple sclerosis.
{"title":"Advanced Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Spinal Cord: Technical Aspects and Clinical Use","authors":"Lucas de M.T. Branco , Thiago J.R. Rezende , Fabiano Reis , Marcondes C. França Jr","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2023.03.016","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2023.03.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>For a long time, technical obstacles have hampered the acquisition of high-resolution images and the development of reliable processing protocols for spinal cord (SC) MRI. Fortunately, this scenario has changed in the past 5-10 years, due to hardware and software improvements. Nowadays, with advanced protocols, SC MRI is considered a useful tool for several inherited and acquired </span>neurologic diseases, not only for diagnosis approach but also for pathophysiological unraveling and as a biomarker for disease monitoring and </span>clinical trials<span><span>. In this review, we address advanced SC MRI sequences for macrostructural and microstructural evaluation, useful semiautomatic and automatic processing tools and clinical applications on several neurologic conditions such as hereditary cerebellar ataxia, </span>hereditary spastic paraplegia<span>, motor neuron diseases<span> and multiple sclerosis.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10577127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2023.04.002
Zohaib Y. Ahmad MD, Michael J. Rasiej MD
Ankle sprains are among the most common musculoskeletal injuries and can lead to ankle ligament and cartilage injuries. Imaging plays an important role in differentiating ligament injuries from other causes of ankle pain such as fractures, osteochondral lesions or tendon injuries that helps guide further management. Chronic untreated ankle ligamentous and cartilage injuries can further progress to ankle osteoarthritis, hence the need for timely diagnosis and treatment. Surgical treatment is often required in patients not responding to conservative treatment and ranges from repair and reconstruction procedures for ligament injuries to arthroscopic debridement and repair procedures for cartilage injuries. Cartilage defects and deficiency may be augmented depending on the extent of cartilage loss and associated subchondral changes on MRI. Awareness of operative techniques utilized is essential to interpret imaging findings in postoperative settings.
{"title":"Imaging of the Ankle Ligaments and Cartilage Injuries as an Aid to Ankle Preservation Surgery","authors":"Zohaib Y. Ahmad MD, Michael J. Rasiej MD","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2023.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2023.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span><span><span>Ankle sprains are among the most common </span>musculoskeletal injuries<span> and can lead to ankle ligament and cartilage injuries. Imaging plays an important role in differentiating </span></span>ligament injuries<span> from other causes of ankle pain such as fractures, osteochondral lesions or tendon injuries that helps guide further management. Chronic untreated ankle ligamentous and cartilage injuries can further progress to ankle </span></span>osteoarthritis, hence the need for timely diagnosis and </span>treatment. Surgical treatment is often required </span>in patients<span> not responding to conservative treatment and ranges from repair and reconstruction procedures for ligament injuries to arthroscopic debridement<span> and repair procedures for cartilage injuries. Cartilage defects and deficiency may be augmented depending on the extent of cartilage loss and associated subchondral changes on MRI. Awareness of operative techniques utilized is essential to interpret imaging findings in postoperative settings.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9818984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2023.04.003
Atul K. Taneja MD, PhD , Avneesh Chhabra MD, MBA
The Neuropathy Score Reporting and Data System (NS-RADS) is a newly developed MR imaging-based classification that standardizes reporting and multidisciplinary communication for MR imaging diagnosis and follow-up of peripheral neuropathies. NS-RADS classification has shown to be accurate and reliable across different centers, readers' experience levels, and degrees of peripheral neuropathies, which include nerve injury, entrapment, neoplasm, diffuse neuropathy, post-interventional status, and temporal changes in muscle denervation. This article brings a practical review of NS-RADS classification, representative MR cases, and a step-by-step tutorial on how to approach this staging system. Readers can gain knowledge and apply it in their practice, aiming to standardize the communications between specialties and improve patient management.
{"title":"Neuropathy Score Reporting and Data System (NS‐RADS): A Practical Review of MRI-Based Peripheral Neuropathy Assessment","authors":"Atul K. Taneja MD, PhD , Avneesh Chhabra MD, MBA","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2023.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2023.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The <span><em>Neuropathy</em><em> Score Reporting and Data System</em></span><span> (NS-RADS) is a newly developed MR imaging-based classification that standardizes reporting and multidisciplinary communication for MR imaging diagnosis and follow-up of peripheral neuropathies<span>. NS-RADS classification has shown to be accurate and reliable across different centers, readers' experience levels, and degrees of peripheral neuropathies, which include nerve injury, entrapment, neoplasm, diffuse neuropathy, post-interventional status, and temporal changes in muscle denervation. This article brings a practical review of NS-RADS classification, representative MR cases, and a step-by-step tutorial on how to approach this staging system. Readers can gain knowledge and apply it in their practice, aiming to standardize the communications between specialties and improve patient management.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9818985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2023.01.003
Atul K. Taneja , Avneesh Chhabra
With an increasing life expectancy of global human population, there is a growing demand for preservation of native articular meniscus and cartilage to delay joint arthroplasties, especially in younger and active patients. Since damage to the meniscus and hyaline cartilage of the knee have limited intrinsic capacity to heal, such lesions lead to premature and/or accelerated osteoarthritis. However, knee surgical treatments have evolved and may allow restoration of the natural anatomy, delay the progression of damage, and alter the biology of the meniscus and articular cartilage. The knee preservation surgery is aided by timely detection of such injuries and high-resolution illustration and characterization of the pathology using two-dimensional and three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), made possible due to better MR scanner technology and related software improvements. This article reviews the current literature and authors’ experience with imaging concepts and high-resolution MR imaging techniques as they relate to management and planning for such restorative procedures. Relevant arthroscopy correlations have been illustrated.
{"title":"2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional MR Imaging-Aid to Knee Preservation Surgery: Focus on Meniscus and Articular Cartilage","authors":"Atul K. Taneja , Avneesh Chhabra","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2023.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2023.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>With an increasing life expectancy of global human population, there is a growing demand for preservation of native articular meniscus and cartilage to delay joint arthroplasties<span><span>, especially in younger and active patients. Since damage to the meniscus and hyaline cartilage of the knee have limited intrinsic capacity to heal, such lesions lead to premature and/or accelerated </span>osteoarthritis. However, knee surgical treatments have evolved and may allow restoration of the natural </span></span>anatomy<span><span>, delay the progression of damage, and alter the biology of the meniscus and articular cartilage<span>. The knee preservation surgery is aided by timely detection of such injuries and high-resolution illustration and characterization of the pathology using two-dimensional and three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), made possible due to better </span></span>MR scanner<span><span> technology and related software improvements. This article reviews the current literature and authors’ experience with imaging concepts and high-resolution MR imaging techniques as they relate to management and planning for such restorative procedures. Relevant </span>arthroscopy correlations have been illustrated.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9818986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}