Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2025.05.001
Kim M. Cecil PhD , Muhammad G. Saleh PhD
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the brain provides the clinician an in vivo neurochemical assessment within the clinical magnetic resonance imaging setting. This information can yield specificity when addressing questions pertaining to brain health and metabolism while characterizing disease and injury, evaluating treatment response, and prognosticating outcome. Proton MRS techniques can be useful in narrowing the diagnostic differential and capturing time-sensitive information for the continually developing pediatric brain. This paper provides a review of key proton MRS topics relevant for usage in pediatric populations. We discuss magnetic field strength, pediatric-sized head coils, water suppression techniques, localization pulse sequences, post-processing methods, analysis, and interpretation. These elements all require special consideration, particularly for the immature brain. We introduce the fundamentals of spectral editing. Finally, we present illustrative examples employing proton MRS in clinical practice to begin to synthesize these concepts into practical application.
{"title":"Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Pediatric Neuroimaging: Key Concepts for Practice","authors":"Kim M. Cecil PhD , Muhammad G. Saleh PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the brain provides the clinician an in vivo neurochemical assessment within the clinical magnetic resonance imaging setting. This information can yield specificity when addressing questions pertaining to brain health and metabolism while characterizing disease and injury, evaluating treatment response, and prognosticating outcome. Proton MRS techniques can be useful in narrowing the diagnostic differential and capturing time-sensitive information for the continually developing pediatric brain. This paper provides a review of key proton MRS topics relevant for usage in pediatric populations. We discuss magnetic field strength, pediatric-sized head coils, water suppression techniques, localization pulse sequences, post-processing methods, analysis, and interpretation. These elements all require special consideration, particularly for the immature brain. We introduce the fundamentals of spectral editing. Finally, we present illustrative examples employing proton MRS in clinical practice to begin to synthesize these concepts into practical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":"46 2","pages":"Pages 117-138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2025.03.001
Humberto Morales MD
This pictorial review describes the essential statistics and distribution of common brain tumors in the pediatric population. Important neuroimaging findings are reviewed in selected cases, highlighting differential diagnostic considerations. Our goal is that after completing this article, our reader can have an improved understanding of the frequent types of neoplastic processes that involve the brain in children and can narrow their differential diagnosis according to a key constellation of imaging findings.
{"title":"Common Pediatric Brain Tumors: Core Statistics and Imaging Features","authors":"Humberto Morales MD","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This pictorial review describes the essential statistics and distribution of common brain tumors in the pediatric population. Important neuroimaging findings are reviewed in selected cases, highlighting differential diagnostic considerations. Our goal is that after completing this article, our reader can have an improved understanding of the frequent types of neoplastic processes that involve the brain in children and can narrow their differential diagnosis according to a key constellation of imaging findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":"46 2","pages":"Pages 139-143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2025.04.004
Humberto Morales MD
{"title":"Letter From the Guest Editor: Update in Pediatric Neuroimaging","authors":"Humberto Morales MD","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":"46 2","pages":"Page 91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2025.03.002
Forrest Wilke , Selima Siala , Hisham Dahmoush , Beth M. Kline-Fath , Carolina V. Guimaraes
{"title":"Fetal MRI of Prenatal Scalp Lesions: A Pictorial Essay","authors":"Forrest Wilke , Selima Siala , Hisham Dahmoush , Beth M. Kline-Fath , Carolina V. Guimaraes","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":"46 2","pages":"Pages 144-152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2024.11.003
Cecília Vidal de Souza Torres MD , Gabriel de Lion Gouvea MD , André de Freitas Secaf MD , David Freire Maia Vieira , Alexandre Souto de Moraes Morgado , Matheus de Moraes Palma MD , Gabriel Andrade Ramos MD , Jorge Elias Jr MD, PhD , Valdair F. Muglia MD, PhD
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-skin malignancy among men and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Accurate staging of PCa, particularly the assessment of extra-prostatic extension (EPE), is critical for prognosis and treatment planning. EPE, typically evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is associated with higher risks of positive surgical margins, biochemical recurrence, metastasis, and reduced overall survival. Despite the widespread use of MRI, there is no consensus on diagnosing EPE via imaging. There are 2 main scores assessing EPE by MRI: the European Society of Urogenital Radiology score and an MRI-based EPE grading system from an American group. While both are widely recognized, their differences can lead to varying interpretations in specific cases. This paper clarifies the anatomical considerations in diagnosing locally advanced PCa, explores EPE’s impact on treatment and prognosis, and evaluates the relevance of MRI findings according to different criteria. Accurate EPE diagnosis remains challenging due to MRI limitations and inconsistencies in interpretation. Understanding these variations is crucial for optimal patient management.
{"title":"Imaging Assessment of Prostate Cancer Extra-prostatic Extension: From Histology to Controversies","authors":"Cecília Vidal de Souza Torres MD , Gabriel de Lion Gouvea MD , André de Freitas Secaf MD , David Freire Maia Vieira , Alexandre Souto de Moraes Morgado , Matheus de Moraes Palma MD , Gabriel Andrade Ramos MD , Jorge Elias Jr MD, PhD , Valdair F. Muglia MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-skin malignancy among men and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Accurate staging of PCa, particularly the assessment of extra-prostatic extension (EPE), is critical for prognosis and treatment planning. EPE, typically evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is associated with higher risks of positive surgical margins, biochemical recurrence, metastasis, and reduced overall survival. Despite the widespread use of MRI, there is no consensus on diagnosing EPE via imaging. There are 2 main scores assessing EPE by MRI: the European Society of Urogenital Radiology score and an MRI-based EPE grading system from an American group. While both are widely recognized, their differences can lead to varying interpretations in specific cases. This paper clarifies the anatomical considerations in diagnosing locally advanced PCa, explores EPE’s impact on treatment and prognosis, and evaluates the relevance of MRI findings according to different criteria. Accurate EPE diagnosis remains challenging due to MRI limitations and inconsistencies in interpretation. Understanding these variations is crucial for optimal patient management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":"46 1","pages":"Pages 45-55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142717378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2024.11.006
Emily A. Knott , Ryan D. Ward , Daniel N. Costa , Francesco Giganti , Andrei S. Purysko
High-quality prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is required for accurate prostate cancer detection, localization, and staging. Variability in image quality exists in practice, influenced by inconsistent adherence to technical standards, lack of patient preparation, variability in scanner performance, patient characteristics, and knowledge gaps in personnel scheduling and performing prostate MRI exams. The Prostate Imaging Quality (PI-QUAL) scoring system is a well-established tool for assessing the diagnostic quality of prostate MRI. An updated PI-QUAL version 2 was published in 2024 by a group of experts to address the limitations of the original system. This pictorial review highlights the key changes introduced in PI-QUAL version 2 and provides illustrative examples of each assessment category.
{"title":"Prostate Imaging Quality System Version 2 – A Practical Guide","authors":"Emily A. Knott , Ryan D. Ward , Daniel N. Costa , Francesco Giganti , Andrei S. Purysko","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-quality prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is required for accurate prostate cancer detection, localization, and staging. Variability in image quality exists in practice, influenced by inconsistent adherence to technical standards, lack of patient preparation, variability in scanner performance, patient characteristics, and knowledge gaps in personnel scheduling and performing prostate MRI exams. The Prostate Imaging Quality (PI-QUAL) scoring system is a well-established tool for assessing the diagnostic quality of prostate MRI. An updated PI-QUAL version 2 was published in 2024 by a group of experts to address the limitations of the original system. This pictorial review highlights the key changes introduced in PI-QUAL version 2 and provides illustrative examples of each assessment category.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":"46 1","pages":"Pages 83-89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2024.11.002
Meera R. Chappidi MD, MPH , Daniel W. Lin MD , Antonio C. Westphalen MD, PhD
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the management of patients with prostate cancer on active surveillance. In this review, we will explore the incorporation of MRI into active surveillance protocols, detailing its impact on clinical decision-making and patient management and discussing how it aligns with current guidelines and practice patterns. The role of MRI in this patient population continues to evolve over time, and we will discuss some of the recent advancements in the field and highlight potential areas for future research endeavors.
{"title":"Role of MRI in Active Surveillance of Prostate Cancer","authors":"Meera R. Chappidi MD, MPH , Daniel W. Lin MD , Antonio C. Westphalen MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the management of patients with prostate cancer on active surveillance. In this review, we will explore the incorporation of MRI into active surveillance protocols, detailing its impact on clinical decision-making and patient management and discussing how it aligns with current guidelines and practice patterns. The role of MRI in this patient population continues to evolve over time, and we will discuss some of the recent advancements in the field and highlight potential areas for future research endeavors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":"46 1","pages":"Pages 31-44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142752026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2024.11.001
Enis C. Yilmaz , Omer Tarik Esengur , David G. Gelikman , Baris Turkbey MD
Prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an essential tool in the diagnostic pathway for prostate cancer. However, its accuracy can be confounded by a spectrum of noncancerous entities with similar radiological features, posing a challenge for definitive diagnosis. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the MRI phenotypes of both common and rare benign prostate conditions that may be mistaken for malignancy. The narrative encompasses anatomical variants, other neoplastic processes, inflammatory conditions, and alterations secondary to medical interventions. Furthermore, this review underscores the critical role of MRI quality in diagnostic accuracy and explores the emerging contributions of artificial intelligence in enhancing image interpretation.
{"title":"Interpreting Prostate Multiparametric MRI: Beyond Adenocarcinoma – Anatomical Variations, Mimickers, and Post-Intervention Changes","authors":"Enis C. Yilmaz , Omer Tarik Esengur , David G. Gelikman , Baris Turkbey MD","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an essential tool in the diagnostic pathway for prostate cancer. However, its accuracy can be confounded by a spectrum of noncancerous entities with similar radiological features, posing a challenge for definitive diagnosis. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the MRI phenotypes of both common and rare benign prostate conditions that may be mistaken for malignancy. The narrative encompasses anatomical variants, other neoplastic processes, inflammatory conditions, and alterations secondary to medical interventions. Furthermore, this review underscores the critical role of MRI quality in diagnostic accuracy and explores the emerging contributions of artificial intelligence in enhancing image interpretation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":"46 1","pages":"Pages 2-30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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