We greatly appreciate Dr Morton's interest in our paper and his appreciative comments. The features at Beinn na Leac are, in our opinion, of particular interest to geologists interested in the pattern of deglaciation and neotectonics in this part of western Scotland. The location is unique in Scotland in the magnitude of Younger Dryas/Holocene fault dislocation. We respond to Dr Morton's comments as follows:
{"title":"Reply to discussion on ‘Deglaciation and neotectonics in SE Raasay, Scottish Inner Hebrides’, by Smith et al. 2021 (SJG, 57, 106–116)","authors":"David E. Smith, C. Firth, T. Mighall, P. Teasdale","doi":"10.1144/sjg2021-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2021-014","url":null,"abstract":"We greatly appreciate Dr Morton's interest in our paper and his appreciative comments. The features at Beinn na Leac are, in our opinion, of particular interest to geologists interested in the pattern of deglaciation and neotectonics in this part of western Scotland. The location is unique in Scotland in the magnitude of Younger Dryas/Holocene fault dislocation. We respond to Dr Morton's comments as follows:","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47564599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Watson and Westaway (2020) (WW) quantified subsurface temperature variations caused by anthropogenic climate change and urban/industrial development in Glasgow, using temperature data from the Glasgow Geothermal Energy Research Field Site (GGERFS) well GGC-01 (at site G-10; Fig. 1), noting implications for the thermal physics of this site. Monaghan et al. (2021) (MMS) have queried points, noted in passing by WW, on other aspects: the GGERFS purpose, location, design, heat resource and cost.
{"title":"Reply to discussion on ‘Borehole temperature log from the Glasgow Geothermal Energy Research Field Site: a record of past changes to ground surface temperature caused by urban development’ by Watson and Westaway 2020 (SJG, 56, 134–152)","authors":"R. Westaway","doi":"10.1144/sjg2020-031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2020-031","url":null,"abstract":"Watson and Westaway (2020) (WW) quantified subsurface temperature variations caused by anthropogenic climate change and urban/industrial development in Glasgow, using temperature data from the Glasgow Geothermal Energy Research Field Site (GGERFS) well GGC-01 (at site G-10; Fig. 1), noting implications for the thermal physics of this site. Monaghan et al. (2021) (MMS) have queried points, noted in passing by WW, on other aspects: the GGERFS purpose, location, design, heat resource and cost.","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44195995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The informative paper by Carrasquero (2021) reveals the personal contribution made by Francisco Moreno to the success of the 1902–04 Scottish National Antarctic Expedition (SNAE) during the time it spent in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It was a crucial intervention and, for the hospitality and generous assistance that Moreno arranged for the expedition's leader, William Speirs Bruce (Fig. 1), the presentation of a few rock specimens might seem scant reward, although as an additional mark of respect Bruce named Point Moreno on the expedition's published map of Laurie Island (Brown et al. 1906, p. 145): the name is still valid – 60° 44′ S, 44° 41′ W. Bruce would have been deeply satisfied by the knowledge that his donation of specimens from the South Orkney Islands had initiated the development of an Antarctic collection at the Museo de La Plata. His scientific outlook was always international and collaborative. Fig. 1. A cartoon of William Speirs Bruce published in the Buenos Aires magazine El Gladiator , Number 110, January 1904. Moreno's patronage ensured that Bruce was feted as a Polar celebrity during his time in Buenos Aires. From an original held by the Centre for Research Collections, Edinburgh University Library, reproduced under a Creative Commons CC-BY licence. Bruce died in the Liberton Hospital, Edinburgh on 28 October 1921 so it is particularly appropriate in this, his centenary year, that some of his geological contributions should be …
Carrasquero(2021)的这篇信息丰富的论文揭示了弗朗西斯科·莫雷诺(Francisco Moreno)对1902-04年苏格兰国家南极探险队(SNAE)在阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯期间的成功所做的个人贡献。这是一次至关重要的干预，对于莫雷诺为探险队队长威廉·斯皮尔·布鲁斯(William Speirs Bruce)安排的热情好客和慷慨援助(图1)，赠送一些岩石标本似乎是微不足道的奖励，尽管作为额外的尊重，布鲁斯在探险队出版的劳里岛地图上命名了莫雷诺点(Brown et al. 1906, p. 145):如果布鲁斯知道他从南奥克尼群岛捐赠的标本开始了拉普拉塔博物馆南极收藏的发展，他一定会非常满意的。他的科学观始终是国际性和合作性的。图1所示。威廉·斯皮尔·布鲁斯的漫画刊登在布宜诺斯艾利斯《角斗士》杂志上，第110期，1904年1月。莫雷诺的赞助确保了布鲁斯在布宜诺斯艾利斯期间被视为极地名人。来自爱丁堡大学图书馆研究收藏中心的原件，在知识共享CC-BY许可下复制。布鲁斯于1921年10月28日在爱丁堡的利伯顿医院去世，因此，在他的百年诞辰之际，他的一些地质学贡献应该……
{"title":"Discussion on ‘The geological collection from the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition (1902–04) in the Museo de La Plata, Argentina’ by Carrasquero 2021 (SJG, 57, 60–66)","authors":"P. Stone","doi":"10.1144/SJG2021-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/SJG2021-005","url":null,"abstract":"The informative paper by Carrasquero (2021) reveals the personal contribution made by Francisco Moreno to the success of the 1902–04 Scottish National Antarctic Expedition (SNAE) during the time it spent in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It was a crucial intervention and, for the hospitality and generous assistance that Moreno arranged for the expedition's leader, William Speirs Bruce (Fig. 1), the presentation of a few rock specimens might seem scant reward, although as an additional mark of respect Bruce named Point Moreno on the expedition's published map of Laurie Island (Brown et al. 1906, p. 145): the name is still valid – 60° 44′ S, 44° 41′ W. Bruce would have been deeply satisfied by the knowledge that his donation of specimens from the South Orkney Islands had initiated the development of an Antarctic collection at the Museo de La Plata. His scientific outlook was always international and collaborative. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Fig. 1. \u0000A cartoon of William Speirs Bruce published in the Buenos Aires magazine El Gladiator , Number 110, January 1904. Moreno's patronage ensured that Bruce was feted as a Polar celebrity during his time in Buenos Aires. From an original held by the Centre for Research Collections, Edinburgh University Library, reproduced under a Creative Commons CC-BY licence.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Bruce died in the Liberton Hospital, Edinburgh on 28 October 1921 so it is particularly appropriate in this, his centenary year, that some of his geological contributions should be …","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43523272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Middle Devonian lacustrine sediments of Orkney, off the NE Scottish mainland, are composed largely of the Lower and Upper Stromness formations and overlying Rousay Formation. These three formations have been subdivided and defined by vertebrate biostratigraphic biozones with recent division of the Rousay Formation into three further units based on characteristic fish fossils. The division of the Rousay Formation has enabled a map to be constructed of the solid geology of the island of Westray, Orkney, based on fish identification, detailed logging of sedimentary cycles throughout the Rousay succession, parameters of divisional boundaries, and a survey of faults marking sinistral transtensional movement parallel to the Great Glen Fault. Post-Carboniferous shortening and basin inversion led to uplift, folding and reactivation of normal faults as reverse faults, to form a positive strike-slip flower structure in Westray. A suite of Permian igneous dykes intruded across Orkney include three minor offshoots in Westray. The resulting map is the first to make use of biostratigraphic units within the Rousay Flagstone, which are now regarded as Members.
{"title":"A new geological map and review of the Middle Devonian rocks of Westray and Papa Westray, Orkney, Scotland","authors":"D. Leather","doi":"10.1144/sjg2020-030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2020-030","url":null,"abstract":"The Middle Devonian lacustrine sediments of Orkney, off the NE Scottish mainland, are composed largely of the Lower and Upper Stromness formations and overlying Rousay Formation. These three formations have been subdivided and defined by vertebrate biostratigraphic biozones with recent division of the Rousay Formation into three further units based on characteristic fish fossils. The division of the Rousay Formation has enabled a map to be constructed of the solid geology of the island of Westray, Orkney, based on fish identification, detailed logging of sedimentary cycles throughout the Rousay succession, parameters of divisional boundaries, and a survey of faults marking sinistral transtensional movement parallel to the Great Glen Fault. Post-Carboniferous shortening and basin inversion led to uplift, folding and reactivation of normal faults as reverse faults, to form a positive strike-slip flower structure in Westray. A suite of Permian igneous dykes intruded across Orkney include three minor offshoots in Westray. The resulting map is the first to make use of biostratigraphic units within the Rousay Flagstone, which are now regarded as Members.","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48114968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In December 1903, William Speirs Bruce, leader of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition, arrived in Buenos Aires and contacted Francisco Moreno, director of the Museo de La Plata to request his assistance. Bruce asked Moreno to be an intermediary with the Argentine government and to facilitate Bruce's wish for Argentina to take over the meteorological station that the Scottish expedition had established on Laurie Island (South Orkney Islands). Moreno was please to provide the necessary assistance and was instrumental in Bruce achieving his ambition. As a gesture of appreciation, before leaving Buenos Aires Bruce presented a small collection of Laurie Island rock specimens to Moreno as a donation to the Museo de La Plata. This donation initiated the museum's Antarctic collection.
{"title":"The geological collection from the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition (1902–04) in the Museo de La Plata, Argentina","authors":"S. Carrasquero","doi":"10.1144/sjg2020-029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2020-029","url":null,"abstract":"In December 1903, William Speirs Bruce, leader of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition, arrived in Buenos Aires and contacted Francisco Moreno, director of the Museo de La Plata to request his assistance. Bruce asked Moreno to be an intermediary with the Argentine government and to facilitate Bruce's wish for Argentina to take over the meteorological station that the Scottish expedition had established on Laurie Island (South Orkney Islands). Moreno was please to provide the necessary assistance and was instrumental in Bruce achieving his ambition. As a gesture of appreciation, before leaving Buenos Aires Bruce presented a small collection of Laurie Island rock specimens to Moreno as a donation to the Museo de La Plata. This donation initiated the museum's Antarctic collection.","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45748155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A volcanogenic clay bed (tonstein) has been identified in the Balcomie Beds of the Inverclyde Group near Crail, East Fife. Its chemical composition suggests an undersaturated alkaline magma source. This horizon may be contemporaneous with the early Carboniferous Garleton Hills trachytic lavas of East Lothian (346 Ma). This would make it the earliest expression of Carboniferous volcanism preserved in Fife, and also the earliest occurrence of a tonstein in Fife.
{"title":"Volcaniclastic deposit (tonstein) in the Balcomie Beds, Lower Carboniferous, East Fife","authors":"R. Batchelor","doi":"10.1144/sjg2020-019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2020-019","url":null,"abstract":"A volcanogenic clay bed (tonstein) has been identified in the Balcomie Beds of the Inverclyde Group near Crail, East Fife. Its chemical composition suggests an undersaturated alkaline magma source. This horizon may be contemporaneous with the early Carboniferous Garleton Hills trachytic lavas of East Lothian (346 Ma). This would make it the earliest expression of Carboniferous volcanism preserved in Fife, and also the earliest occurrence of a tonstein in Fife.","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47282899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Mississippian succession of Ayrshire, SW Scotland, is rich in fossil crinoids, albeit mainly preserved as fragments. Trearne Quarry is exceptional in yielding moderately common crinoid cups and thecae from certain horizons. To the two nominal taxa that have been documented hitherto, we add a further seven, all cladids with one exception. These species all come from the Blackhall Limestone of the Lower Limestone Formation (Visean, Mississippian). Nominal crinoid species identified from Trearne Quarry include Cladida: Rhabdocrinus scotocarbonarius (Wright), Ureocrinus bockschii (Geinitz), Ureocrinus globulus (de Koninck), Tyrieocrinus laxus Wright, Fifeocrinus tielensis (Wright), Hydreionocrinus formosus Wright, Parazeacrinites konincki (Bather) and Phanocrinus ardrossensis (Wright); and Diplobathrida, Camerata: Cribanocrinus baccatus (Wright). Species have distributions limited to one or a few mudrock beds. Identifiable crinoids are uncommon in massive, coral-rich reefal facies.
{"title":"New records of crinoids from Trearne Quarry SSSI (Mississippian, Lower Carboniferous), north Ayrshire","authors":"Gary Hoare, S. Donovan","doi":"10.1144/sjg2020-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2020-012","url":null,"abstract":"The Mississippian succession of Ayrshire, SW Scotland, is rich in fossil crinoids, albeit mainly preserved as fragments. Trearne Quarry is exceptional in yielding moderately common crinoid cups and thecae from certain horizons. To the two nominal taxa that have been documented hitherto, we add a further seven, all cladids with one exception. These species all come from the Blackhall Limestone of the Lower Limestone Formation (Visean, Mississippian). Nominal crinoid species identified from Trearne Quarry include Cladida: Rhabdocrinus scotocarbonarius (Wright), Ureocrinus bockschii (Geinitz), Ureocrinus globulus (de Koninck), Tyrieocrinus laxus Wright, Fifeocrinus tielensis (Wright), Hydreionocrinus formosus Wright, Parazeacrinites konincki (Bather) and Phanocrinus ardrossensis (Wright); and Diplobathrida, Camerata: Cribanocrinus baccatus (Wright). Species have distributions limited to one or a few mudrock beds. Identifiable crinoids are uncommon in massive, coral-rich reefal facies.","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45477850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In their analysis of temperature data, Watson and Westaway (2020) make substantial use of initial open information provided by the UK Geoenergy Observatory: Glasgow Geothermal Energy Research Field Site. They also offer criticisms on site location, heat resource size, design and costs; however, these criticisms appear to be based on a misunder-standing of the purpose of the Glasgow Observatory. In order to mitigate misapprehensions for future Observatory users, we write in reply. The Glasgow Observatory has been developed as a multidisciplinary research facility; it is not a demonstrator of maximum mine water heat resource, which is by implication what Watson and Westaway (2020) would deem a success.
{"title":"Discussion on ‘Borehole temperature log from the Glasgow Geothermal Energy Research Field Site: a record of past changes to ground surface temperature caused by urban development’, Scottish Journal of Geology, 56, 134-152, https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2019-033","authors":"A. Monaghan, D. Manning, Z. Shipton","doi":"10.1144/sjg2020-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2020-014","url":null,"abstract":"In their analysis of temperature data, Watson and Westaway (2020) make substantial use of initial open information provided by the UK Geoenergy Observatory: Glasgow Geothermal Energy Research Field Site. They also offer criticisms on site location, heat resource size, design and costs; however, these criticisms appear to be based on a misunder-standing of the purpose of the Glasgow Observatory. In order to mitigate misapprehensions for future Observatory users, we write in reply. The Glasgow Observatory has been developed as a multidisciplinary research facility; it is not a demonstrator of maximum mine water heat resource, which is by implication what Watson and Westaway (2020) would deem a success.","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49655534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The well-known late Mississippian/early Carboniferous locality of East Kirkton in Scotland has the earliest described fauna of terrestrial tetrapods. Seven species are now known, represented by articulated skeletons of moderate-sized animals with snout-vent length of up to 200 mm, and each is unique to East Kirkton. Here we describe the skull bones of a much larger tetrapod that closely resembles those of embolomeres from the Pennsylvanian. Although the new material is too incomplete to be named as a new species, it enhances the taxonomic diversity of the East Kirkton tetrapod fauna, predates the embolomeres from other sites in Scotland and extends the range of the group earlier into the Mississippian.
{"title":"A new large embolomere from East Kirkton","authors":"J. Clack, T. Smithson","doi":"10.1144/sjg2020-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2020-008","url":null,"abstract":"The well-known late Mississippian/early Carboniferous locality of East Kirkton in Scotland has the earliest described fauna of terrestrial tetrapods. Seven species are now known, represented by articulated skeletons of moderate-sized animals with snout-vent length of up to 200 mm, and each is unique to East Kirkton. Here we describe the skull bones of a much larger tetrapod that closely resembles those of embolomeres from the Pennsylvanian. Although the new material is too incomplete to be named as a new species, it enhances the taxonomic diversity of the East Kirkton tetrapod fauna, predates the embolomeres from other sites in Scotland and extends the range of the group earlier into the Mississippian.","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1144/sjg2020-008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42864092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandstones of the Middle–Upper Jurassic Brora Arenaceous Formation of the Inner Moray Firth, NE Scotland have hitherto been interpreted as representing coastal, tidally-influenced bars. The formation is exposed close to the northern basin-bounding Helmsdale Fault, and the middle member of the formation, the Clynelish Quarry Sandstone, consists of thick, mainly structureless sandstone beds with wavy, commonly amalgamated boundaries. It also includes sandstone bodies with sigmoidal clinothems, erosional surfaces and backset beds. Rich marine faunas dominated by bivalves and ammonites occur at a few levels, whereas trace fossils are rare or absent. The Clynelish Quarry Sandstone is here reinterpreted as reflecting deposition by hyperpycnal sandy density flows in flood-generated marine, subaqueous, delta-scale clinoforms and lobes in front of local mountain streams. The reinterpretation of these sandstones implies the presence of a tectonically controlled, relatively steep basin margin along the line of the Helmsdale Fault. The Brora Arenaceous Formation thus dates the onset of Jurassic rifting in the Inner Moray Firth to the latest Callovian rather than the late Oxfordian as previously interpreted from seismic data.
{"title":"Flood-generated hyperpycnal delta front sands of the Brora Arenaceous Formation (upper Callovian–middle Oxfordian) of the Inner Moray Firth, Scotland, record the onset of rifting","authors":"F. Surlyk, Rikke Bruhn","doi":"10.1144/sjg2020-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2020-004","url":null,"abstract":"Sandstones of the Middle–Upper Jurassic Brora Arenaceous Formation of the Inner Moray Firth, NE Scotland have hitherto been interpreted as representing coastal, tidally-influenced bars. The formation is exposed close to the northern basin-bounding Helmsdale Fault, and the middle member of the formation, the Clynelish Quarry Sandstone, consists of thick, mainly structureless sandstone beds with wavy, commonly amalgamated boundaries. It also includes sandstone bodies with sigmoidal clinothems, erosional surfaces and backset beds. Rich marine faunas dominated by bivalves and ammonites occur at a few levels, whereas trace fossils are rare or absent. The Clynelish Quarry Sandstone is here reinterpreted as reflecting deposition by hyperpycnal sandy density flows in flood-generated marine, subaqueous, delta-scale clinoforms and lobes in front of local mountain streams. The reinterpretation of these sandstones implies the presence of a tectonically controlled, relatively steep basin margin along the line of the Helmsdale Fault. The Brora Arenaceous Formation thus dates the onset of Jurassic rifting in the Inner Moray Firth to the latest Callovian rather than the late Oxfordian as previously interpreted from seismic data.","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1144/sjg2020-004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64034106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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