James Hutton's reputation is widely recognised in geological circles internationally, but in his introductory chapter, Alan McKirdy laments the contradiction that such an important character of the Scottish Enlightenment does not enjoy equivalent celebrity in his homeland. The attractive new edition of National Museums Scotland's biography should go some way towards correcting that imbalance, and in view of the 2026 tercentenary of Hutton's birth the publication is timely. A cross-corner banner on the front cover promises “revised and expanded” and, relative to the first edition of 1997 and its subsequent revisions, the claim is certainly justified.
{"title":"James Hutton. The Founder of Modern Geology, by Alan McKirdy. National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh. 2022","authors":"P. Stone","doi":"10.1144/sjg2022-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2022-008","url":null,"abstract":"James Hutton's reputation is widely recognised in geological circles internationally, but in his introductory chapter, Alan McKirdy laments the contradiction that such an important character of the Scottish Enlightenment does not enjoy equivalent celebrity in his homeland. The attractive new edition of National Museums Scotland's biography should go some way towards correcting that imbalance, and in view of the 2026 tercentenary of Hutton's birth the publication is timely. A cross-corner banner on the front cover promises “revised and expanded” and, relative to the first edition of 1997 and its subsequent revisions, the claim is certainly justified.","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45639749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. J. Drake, E. Gomez‐Rivas, R. Ickert, D. Macdonald
The Deeside Limestone Formation (DLF), outcropping in western Aberdeenshire, comprises the eastern margin of a distinctive Upper Dalradian mixed siliciclastic–carbonate system of Ediacaran age which may be correlated southwestwards for more than 400 km to County Donegal in Ireland. A reconstructed stratigraphic column suggests three broad vertical sequences (S1–S3), each comprising a general upward proportionate increase in calcium carbonate with respect to quartz, locally capped by metalimestones (L1–L3). A simple explanation for this upward change lies in the differing physical response of the two heterolithic components under the same hydrodynamic process, with the heavier quartz grains preferentially enriching the bedload and the finer carbonate mud fraction, the suspended load. The three metalimestone intervals are observed only in central/eastern parts of the field area, suggesting a lateral facies variation. The predominance of calcareous–siliciclastic bed-scale compositional mixing within the DLF suggests sedimentation on the Dalradian shelf comprised contemporaneous mixing of the siliciclastic and carbonate fractions prior to subsequent re-mixing during transportation downslope into the deep water, punctuated by pulses of point-sourced siliciclastic input.
{"title":"Temporal and spatial variations in calcium carbonate deposition in a mixed siliciclastic–carbonate deep marine system: the Ediacaran Deeside Limestone Formation, Aboyne, Scotland","authors":"S. J. Drake, E. Gomez‐Rivas, R. Ickert, D. Macdonald","doi":"10.1144/sjg2021-017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2021-017","url":null,"abstract":"The Deeside Limestone Formation (DLF), outcropping in western Aberdeenshire, comprises the eastern margin of a distinctive Upper Dalradian mixed siliciclastic–carbonate system of Ediacaran age which may be correlated southwestwards for more than 400 km to County Donegal in Ireland. A reconstructed stratigraphic column suggests three broad vertical sequences (S1–S3), each comprising a general upward proportionate increase in calcium carbonate with respect to quartz, locally capped by metalimestones (L1–L3). A simple explanation for this upward change lies in the differing physical response of the two heterolithic components under the same hydrodynamic process, with the heavier quartz grains preferentially enriching the bedload and the finer carbonate mud fraction, the suspended load. The three metalimestone intervals are observed only in central/eastern parts of the field area, suggesting a lateral facies variation. The predominance of calcareous–siliciclastic bed-scale compositional mixing within the DLF suggests sedimentation on the Dalradian shelf comprised contemporaneous mixing of the siliciclastic and carbonate fractions prior to subsequent re-mixing during transportation downslope into the deep water, punctuated by pulses of point-sourced siliciclastic input.","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47352825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) is used to reveal subtle mineral alignment fabrics in apparently isotropic crystalline lithologies, including granites. Such petrofabrics can be produced by emplacement-related magma flow or post-emplacement tectonic strain. However, discriminating between flow-related and tectonic fabrics using field observations alone may be challenging and is usually a broad and arbitrary interpretation. In this contribution, we employ a range of magnetic analyses to characterize the origin of the petrofabric in the c. 425 Ma Ratagain Complex, NW Scotland, a composite Late Caledonian granitic intrusion. Our detailed magnetic analyses reveal that whilst all intrusive units carry an ambient tectonic overprint, critically, this has not developed into an obvious tectonic fabric and contains a horizontal shortening component indicative of transpression. This appears at odds with the well-defined Silurian (Scandian phase) regional transtensional tectonic regime from c. 420–415 Ma onwards. Accordingly, we suggest that either the complex is younger than previously thought or that it existed as a crystal-mush close to the magmatic solidus for a protracted period after its initial emplacement. This study lays the foundations for much-needed further investigations into the detailed emplacement mechanisms, timescales and petrogenesis of individual granitic intrusions, to aid understanding of Late Caledonian tectonics. Supplementary material: Supplementary data to this article are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5941375 Thematic collection: This article is part of the Early Career Research collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/SJG-early-career-research
磁化率的各向异性(AMS)用于揭示明显各向同性的晶体岩性中微妙的矿物排列结构，包括花岗岩。这种岩质组构可以由与侵位有关的岩浆流动或侵位后构造应变产生。然而，仅通过现场观测来区分与流动有关的和构造组构可能具有挑战性，并且通常是一种广泛而武断的解释。在这篇文章中，我们采用了一系列的磁分析来表征苏格兰西北部c. 425 Ma Ratagain杂岩中岩石组构的起源，这是一个复合的晚加里东期花岗岩侵入岩。详细的磁分析表明，虽然所有侵入单元都带有环境构造套印，但重要的是，这并没有发展成一个明显的构造结构，并且包含一个水平缩短成分，表明了逆压作用。这似乎与公元前420-415 Ma以来明确的志留纪(加拿大期)区域张拉构造制度不一致。因此，我们认为，要么该复合体比以前认为的更年轻，要么它在最初就位后很长一段时间内以靠近岩浆固相的晶体糊状存在。该研究为进一步深入研究花岗岩侵入体的详细侵位机制、时间尺度和岩石成因奠定了基础，有助于认识晚加里东期构造。补充材料:本文的补充数据可在https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5941375上获得主题集合:本文是早期职业研究集合的一部分，可在https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/SJG-early-career-research上获得
{"title":"Mush ado about the Ratagain Complex, NW Scotland: insights into Caledonian granitic magmatism and emplacement from magnetic fabric analyses","authors":"A. Lawrence, M. Maffione, C. Stevenson","doi":"10.1144/sjg2021-018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2021-018","url":null,"abstract":"The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) is used to reveal subtle mineral alignment fabrics in apparently isotropic crystalline lithologies, including granites. Such petrofabrics can be produced by emplacement-related magma flow or post-emplacement tectonic strain. However, discriminating between flow-related and tectonic fabrics using field observations alone may be challenging and is usually a broad and arbitrary interpretation. In this contribution, we employ a range of magnetic analyses to characterize the origin of the petrofabric in the c. 425 Ma Ratagain Complex, NW Scotland, a composite Late Caledonian granitic intrusion. Our detailed magnetic analyses reveal that whilst all intrusive units carry an ambient tectonic overprint, critically, this has not developed into an obvious tectonic fabric and contains a horizontal shortening component indicative of transpression. This appears at odds with the well-defined Silurian (Scandian phase) regional transtensional tectonic regime from c. 420–415 Ma onwards. Accordingly, we suggest that either the complex is younger than previously thought or that it existed as a crystal-mush close to the magmatic solidus for a protracted period after its initial emplacement. This study lays the foundations for much-needed further investigations into the detailed emplacement mechanisms, timescales and petrogenesis of individual granitic intrusions, to aid understanding of Late Caledonian tectonics. Supplementary material: Supplementary data to this article are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5941375 Thematic collection: This article is part of the Early Career Research collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/SJG-early-career-research","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48279393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The later Paleoproterozoic (Laxfordian) structural and metamorphic history of the Lewisian Complex can be explained by several major kinematic changes. At c. 1.9 Ga, the neighbouring Archean cratons of Rae, North Atlantic (NAC), Kola and Karelia were isolated from each other and subduction and accretion were active at their margins. At c. 1.85 Ga, during the ‘Early Laxfordian’, the Lewisian, then part of the Nagssugtoqidian orogenic belt, experienced NW–SE-directed tectonic movements attributed to east–west convergence between the Rae Craton and the NAC, probably prompted by collision with Baltica. At c. 1.7 Ga, during the ‘Late Laxfordian’, a major change to north–south convergence produced a combination of NW–SE-trending folds and NW–SE dextral shear zones. The kinematic system changed again after c. 1.6 Ga. The latter two changes may be attributable to the docking of further large cratons as the Nuna supercontinent was assembled. The Lewisian terrane model can be interpreted in terms of the relative movements between two major cratons, Rae and NAC. Sandwiched between them was a third, composed of material partly derived from a juvenile magmatic arc or arcs situated in oceanic crust. The Assynt terrane may be an isolated remnant of the upper-plate NAC, whereas most of the remaining Lewisian outcrop may consist of modified Rae material.
{"title":"A regional explanation for Laxfordian tectonic evolution and its implications for the Lewisian terrane model","authors":"G. Park","doi":"10.1144/sjg2021-020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2021-020","url":null,"abstract":"The later Paleoproterozoic (Laxfordian) structural and metamorphic history of the Lewisian Complex can be explained by several major kinematic changes. At c. 1.9 Ga, the neighbouring Archean cratons of Rae, North Atlantic (NAC), Kola and Karelia were isolated from each other and subduction and accretion were active at their margins. At c. 1.85 Ga, during the ‘Early Laxfordian’, the Lewisian, then part of the Nagssugtoqidian orogenic belt, experienced NW–SE-directed tectonic movements attributed to east–west convergence between the Rae Craton and the NAC, probably prompted by collision with Baltica. At c. 1.7 Ga, during the ‘Late Laxfordian’, a major change to north–south convergence produced a combination of NW–SE-trending folds and NW–SE dextral shear zones. The kinematic system changed again after c. 1.6 Ga. The latter two changes may be attributable to the docking of further large cratons as the Nuna supercontinent was assembled. The Lewisian terrane model can be interpreted in terms of the relative movements between two major cratons, Rae and NAC. Sandwiched between them was a third, composed of material partly derived from a juvenile magmatic arc or arcs situated in oceanic crust. The Assynt terrane may be an isolated remnant of the upper-plate NAC, whereas most of the remaining Lewisian outcrop may consist of modified Rae material.","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64034176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mitten, A. Gough, A. Leslie, S. Clarke, M. Browne
The early Devonian Greywacke Conglomerate Formation of the Lanark Basin, southwestern Midland Valley of Scotland, has been exposed by a new road cut in the Glenbuck area, East Ayrshire, enabling a high-resolution sedimentological analysis of this unusually high-quality section. This study provides a facies analysis of the sedimentary rocks exposed in the Glenbuck area, and comparison with contemporaneous bedrock sections from across the Lanark Basin and adjacent Southern Upland High. Eleven lithofacies are identified, grouped into five associations: aggradational talus cone, progradational talus cone, debris flow lobe, fan surface aqueous-alluvial deposits, and gravel barform deposits. These comprise medial and proximal alluvial fan deposits, controlled by autogenic scour and avulsion along with general fan progradation. Contemporaneous sediments are present around Silurian inliers in the Lanark Basin and adjacent regions of the Southern Upland High. Whilst deposits in the Lanark Basin are genetically similar, contemporaneous deposits of the Southern Upland High preserve a distinctly more angular clast assemblage, indicating textural immaturity relative to those in the Lanark Basin.
{"title":"Facies analysis of the Greywacke Conglomerate Formation, Glenbuck, Scotland","authors":"A. Mitten, A. Gough, A. Leslie, S. Clarke, M. Browne","doi":"10.1144/sjg2021-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2021-010","url":null,"abstract":"The early Devonian Greywacke Conglomerate Formation of the Lanark Basin, southwestern Midland Valley of Scotland, has been exposed by a new road cut in the Glenbuck area, East Ayrshire, enabling a high-resolution sedimentological analysis of this unusually high-quality section. This study provides a facies analysis of the sedimentary rocks exposed in the Glenbuck area, and comparison with contemporaneous bedrock sections from across the Lanark Basin and adjacent Southern Upland High. Eleven lithofacies are identified, grouped into five associations: aggradational talus cone, progradational talus cone, debris flow lobe, fan surface aqueous-alluvial deposits, and gravel barform deposits. These comprise medial and proximal alluvial fan deposits, controlled by autogenic scour and avulsion along with general fan progradation. Contemporaneous sediments are present around Silurian inliers in the Lanark Basin and adjacent regions of the Southern Upland High. Whilst deposits in the Lanark Basin are genetically similar, contemporaneous deposits of the Southern Upland High preserve a distinctly more angular clast assemblage, indicating textural immaturity relative to those in the Lanark Basin.","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41961016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We greatly appreciate Dr Morton's interest in our paper and his appreciative comments. The features at Beinn na Leac are, in our opinion, of particular interest to geologists interested in the pattern of deglaciation and neotectonics in this part of western Scotland. The location is unique in Scotland in the magnitude of Younger Dryas/Holocene fault dislocation. We respond to Dr Morton's comments as follows:
{"title":"Reply to discussion on ‘Deglaciation and neotectonics in SE Raasay, Scottish Inner Hebrides’, by Smith et al. 2021 (SJG, 57, 106–116)","authors":"David E. Smith, C. Firth, T. Mighall, P. Teasdale","doi":"10.1144/sjg2021-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2021-014","url":null,"abstract":"We greatly appreciate Dr Morton's interest in our paper and his appreciative comments. The features at Beinn na Leac are, in our opinion, of particular interest to geologists interested in the pattern of deglaciation and neotectonics in this part of western Scotland. The location is unique in Scotland in the magnitude of Younger Dryas/Holocene fault dislocation. We respond to Dr Morton's comments as follows:","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47564599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I congratulate David Smith and his colleagues (2021) on an excellent presentation of their work on the evolution of the morphology and events involved in the evolution of the Beinn na Leac area in south-east Raasay. The summit area is a difficult and even dangerous area to work in, as I know from personal experience – learning to only follow sheep tracks to avoid the many deep fissures with openings often hidden by vegetation.
我祝贺David Smith和他的同事(2021年)出色地介绍了他们在Raasay东南部的Beinn na Leac地区的形态演变和事件演变方面的工作。根据我的个人经验，在山顶区域工作是一个困难甚至危险的区域-学习只跟随羊群的足迹，以避开许多深裂缝，这些裂缝通常被植被隐藏。
{"title":"Discussion on ‘Deglaciation and neotectonics in SE Raasay, Scottish Inner Hebrides’ by Smith et al. 2021 (SJG, 57, 106–116)","authors":"N. Morton","doi":"10.1144/sjg2021-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2021-013","url":null,"abstract":"I congratulate David Smith and his colleagues (2021) on an excellent presentation of their work on the evolution of the morphology and events involved in the evolution of the Beinn na Leac area in south-east Raasay. The summit area is a difficult and even dangerous area to work in, as I know from personal experience – learning to only follow sheep tracks to avoid the many deep fissures with openings often hidden by vegetation.","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41959506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An early stage in formation of a composite debris cone in the glacial trough of the Lochan na Lairige, on Ben Lawers, is 14C dated to 6398–6225 cal years BP. A large proportion of the debris cone comprises a structureless gravel with boulders, possibly deposited in a single event. Blanket peat formed on the debris cone surface at 3820–3496 cal years BP. Sediment slurries are recorded across the peat after this time, at c. 3950–c. 3100, c. 2000 and c. 1400 cal years BP, and at c. 1200–c. 1100 cal years BP. They were much less significant events. They can be related to periods of higher effective precipitation in the region.
Ben Lawers上Lochan na Lairige冰川槽中复合碎屑锥形成的早期阶段为14C，日期为6398–6225 cal年BP。大部分碎屑锥由无结构砾石和巨石组成，可能在一次事件中沉积。3820–3496年碎屑锥表面形成的覆盖泥炭 cal年BP。在这段时间之后，在约3950–c。3100年，约2000年和约1400年 cal years BP，约1200–c。1100 cal年BP。它们的重要性要小得多。它们可能与该地区有效降水量较高的时期有关。
{"title":"Radiocarbon dating of a composite multi-period debris cone stratigraphy in the Lochan na Lairige, Ben Lawers","authors":"R. Tipping","doi":"10.1144/sjg2021-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2021-008","url":null,"abstract":"An early stage in formation of a composite debris cone in the glacial trough of the Lochan na Lairige, on Ben Lawers, is 14C dated to 6398–6225 cal years BP. A large proportion of the debris cone comprises a structureless gravel with boulders, possibly deposited in a single event. Blanket peat formed on the debris cone surface at 3820–3496 cal years BP. Sediment slurries are recorded across the peat after this time, at c. 3950–c. 3100, c. 2000 and c. 1400 cal years BP, and at c. 1200–c. 1100 cal years BP. They were much less significant events. They can be related to periods of higher effective precipitation in the region.","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49283546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benjamin H. Tindal, Anthony P. Shillito, N. Davies
Two newly discovered specimens of the fish locomotion trace Undichna (U. britannica and Undichna isp.) are described from the Middle Devonian Achanarras Limestone Member (Caithness Flagstone Group, NE Scotland). Fish trace fossils have not previously been reported from the Achanarras Limestone Member, despite decades of study of the unit as a key locality for fish body fossils. The traces comprise discontinuous sinusoidal grooves; one showing multiple parallel incisions, created by the fins of an acanthodian fish swimming close to the substrate. The apparent absence of trace fossils attributable to infaunal or epifaunal benthic organisms suggests that the sediment at the bottom of the lake was relatively inhospitable. The low ichnodiversity of the Achanarras Limestone Member is likely due to low oxygen levels in the depositional environment. Thematic collection: This article is part of the SJG Early Career Research available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/SJG-early-career-research
{"title":"First report of fish trace fossils (Undichna) from the Middle Devonian Achanarras Limestone, Caithness Flagstone Group","authors":"Benjamin H. Tindal, Anthony P. Shillito, N. Davies","doi":"10.1144/sjg2020-023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2020-023","url":null,"abstract":"Two newly discovered specimens of the fish locomotion trace Undichna (U. britannica and Undichna isp.) are described from the Middle Devonian Achanarras Limestone Member (Caithness Flagstone Group, NE Scotland). Fish trace fossils have not previously been reported from the Achanarras Limestone Member, despite decades of study of the unit as a key locality for fish body fossils. The traces comprise discontinuous sinusoidal grooves; one showing multiple parallel incisions, created by the fins of an acanthodian fish swimming close to the substrate. The apparent absence of trace fossils attributable to infaunal or epifaunal benthic organisms suggests that the sediment at the bottom of the lake was relatively inhospitable. The low ichnodiversity of the Achanarras Limestone Member is likely due to low oxygen levels in the depositional environment. Thematic collection: This article is part of the SJG Early Career Research available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/SJG-early-career-research","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42391068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Watson and Westaway (2020) (WW) quantified subsurface temperature variations caused by anthropogenic climate change and urban/industrial development in Glasgow, using temperature data from the Glasgow Geothermal Energy Research Field Site (GGERFS) well GGC-01 (at site G-10; Fig. 1), noting implications for the thermal physics of this site. Monaghan et al. (2021) (MMS) have queried points, noted in passing by WW, on other aspects: the GGERFS purpose, location, design, heat resource and cost.
{"title":"Reply to discussion on ‘Borehole temperature log from the Glasgow Geothermal Energy Research Field Site: a record of past changes to ground surface temperature caused by urban development’ by Watson and Westaway 2020 (SJG, 56, 134–152)","authors":"R. Westaway","doi":"10.1144/sjg2020-031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2020-031","url":null,"abstract":"Watson and Westaway (2020) (WW) quantified subsurface temperature variations caused by anthropogenic climate change and urban/industrial development in Glasgow, using temperature data from the Glasgow Geothermal Energy Research Field Site (GGERFS) well GGC-01 (at site G-10; Fig. 1), noting implications for the thermal physics of this site. Monaghan et al. (2021) (MMS) have queried points, noted in passing by WW, on other aspects: the GGERFS purpose, location, design, heat resource and cost.","PeriodicalId":49556,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Journal of Geology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44195995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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