Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1177/14034948241272986
Lasse L. Scheel-Hincke, Filip Fors Connolly, Jenny Olofsson, Karen Andersen-Ranberg
Aims:Amidst the Covid-19 outbreak in 2020, Denmark and Sweden adopted contrasting strategies despite their many cultural similarities. Denmark swiftly imposed strict governmental restrictions, while Sweden favoured a more gradual, voluntary approach. This study aims to analyse the disparities between the two nations in mental health indicators (depressive symptoms, sleep problems and loneliness), daily activities (shopping, going for a walk, visiting family and meeting other people) and medical care after the Covid-19 outbreak.Methods:Data from adults aged ⩾50 years in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) wave 8 (2019/2020) and the two SHARE Covid-19 surveys (summer 2020/2021) were utilised. Multilevel logistic regression models assessed longitudinal and cross-sectional changes in Sweden and Denmark.Results:Both countries witnessed reduced risk of depressive symptoms and sleep problems during summer 2020, albeit with a more significant decline in depressive symptoms observed in Denmark: 17.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 15.0–20.6) vs. 12.5% (95% CI 9.0–15.9). Swedish respondents were more likely to reduce their daily activities in the summer of 2020 (shopping: odds ratio (OR)=0.45, 95% CI 0.36–0.55; visit family: OR=0.76, 95% CI 0.60–0.97) and less likely to have medical appointments postponed (OR=1.83, 95% CI 1.46–2.28).Conclusions:Minimal differences were observed between Sweden and Denmark in mental health and daily activities during the pandemic. Despite significant disruption to their daily routines, Scandinavians aged ⩾50 years old demonstrate remarkable resilience.
{"title":"Strict Danes or relaxed Swedes? Comparing health and daily activities in Sweden and Denmark during the Covid-19 pandemic","authors":"Lasse L. Scheel-Hincke, Filip Fors Connolly, Jenny Olofsson, Karen Andersen-Ranberg","doi":"10.1177/14034948241272986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948241272986","url":null,"abstract":"Aims:Amidst the Covid-19 outbreak in 2020, Denmark and Sweden adopted contrasting strategies despite their many cultural similarities. Denmark swiftly imposed strict governmental restrictions, while Sweden favoured a more gradual, voluntary approach. This study aims to analyse the disparities between the two nations in mental health indicators (depressive symptoms, sleep problems and loneliness), daily activities (shopping, going for a walk, visiting family and meeting other people) and medical care after the Covid-19 outbreak.Methods:Data from adults aged ⩾50 years in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) wave 8 (2019/2020) and the two SHARE Covid-19 surveys (summer 2020/2021) were utilised. Multilevel logistic regression models assessed longitudinal and cross-sectional changes in Sweden and Denmark.Results:Both countries witnessed reduced risk of depressive symptoms and sleep problems during summer 2020, albeit with a more significant decline in depressive symptoms observed in Denmark: 17.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 15.0–20.6) vs. 12.5% (95% CI 9.0–15.9). Swedish respondents were more likely to reduce their daily activities in the summer of 2020 (shopping: odds ratio (OR)=0.45, 95% CI 0.36–0.55; visit family: OR=0.76, 95% CI 0.60–0.97) and less likely to have medical appointments postponed (OR=1.83, 95% CI 1.46–2.28).Conclusions:Minimal differences were observed between Sweden and Denmark in mental health and daily activities during the pandemic. Despite significant disruption to their daily routines, Scandinavians aged ⩾50 years old demonstrate remarkable resilience.","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1177/14034948241272949
Johanna Seljelid, Annie Palstam, Katharina S. Sunnerhagen, Hanna C. Persson
Aims:This study aimed to investigate body function and daily life activities 18 months after Covid-19 infection, depending on the initial severity of disease and according to sex.Methods:All 11,955 individuals on sick leave due to Covid-19 during the first wave of the pandemic in Sweden were invited to answer a questionnaire regarding experiencing negative changes in body function and daily life activities approximately 18 months after the start of sick leave. The analysis of data included descriptive statistics, group comparisons and multivariable binary logistic regressions (two groups).Results:Of 5464 responders (45.7%), 4676 (85.6%) reported experiencing at least one problem with body function, and the reported prevalence of problems with daily life activities was 46%. The most frequently reported problems were fatigue (66.3%), cognition, sleep and movement. In general, women and those initially hospitalised reported more problems. In the regression analyses, problems with body function could partly explain whether individuals experienced problems with daily life activities. However, only fatigue and movement significantly contributed throughout all groups ( p<0.001). Furthermore, the odds ratios for fatigue were larger in regressions for women than for men.Conclusions:In this nationwide study, more than 8 out of 10 individuals experienced problems with body function 18 months after being on sick leave due to Covid-19, with women and those initially hospitalised reporting more problems. Problems with body function, such as fatigue, could partly explain problems with daily life activities. However, the mechanisms behind the consequences are not yet clear and need to be further investigated.
{"title":"Self-reported body function and daily life activities 18 months after Covid-19: A nationwide cohort study","authors":"Johanna Seljelid, Annie Palstam, Katharina S. Sunnerhagen, Hanna C. Persson","doi":"10.1177/14034948241272949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948241272949","url":null,"abstract":"Aims:This study aimed to investigate body function and daily life activities 18 months after Covid-19 infection, depending on the initial severity of disease and according to sex.Methods:All 11,955 individuals on sick leave due to Covid-19 during the first wave of the pandemic in Sweden were invited to answer a questionnaire regarding experiencing negative changes in body function and daily life activities approximately 18 months after the start of sick leave. The analysis of data included descriptive statistics, group comparisons and multivariable binary logistic regressions (two groups).Results:Of 5464 responders (45.7%), 4676 (85.6%) reported experiencing at least one problem with body function, and the reported prevalence of problems with daily life activities was 46%. The most frequently reported problems were fatigue (66.3%), cognition, sleep and movement. In general, women and those initially hospitalised reported more problems. In the regression analyses, problems with body function could partly explain whether individuals experienced problems with daily life activities. However, only fatigue and movement significantly contributed throughout all groups ( p<0.001). Furthermore, the odds ratios for fatigue were larger in regressions for women than for men.Conclusions:In this nationwide study, more than 8 out of 10 individuals experienced problems with body function 18 months after being on sick leave due to Covid-19, with women and those initially hospitalised reporting more problems. Problems with body function, such as fatigue, could partly explain problems with daily life activities. However, the mechanisms behind the consequences are not yet clear and need to be further investigated.","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1177/14034948241274596
Karolina S. Mæland, Nils-Halvdan Morken, Erica Schytt, Vigdis Aasheim, Roy M. Nilsen
Background:Prenatal ultrasound examinations are important to detect placental dysfunction. Several ultrasound-detected abnormalities can be managed during pregnancy or childbirth, thus improve health outcomes. Maternal birth country is known to influence the risk of placental dysfunction, but little is known about the possible mechanisms of this relation.Aims:(a) To estimate the proportion of non-registered prenatal ultrasound examinations; (b) to examine associations between non-registered ultrasound examinations and adverse perinatal outcomes, by migrant-related factors, in women giving birth in Norway.Methods:Individually linked data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and Statistics Norway, 1999–2016, comprising 999,760 singleton pregnancies to immigrants ( n=196,220) and non-immigrants ( n=803,540). Crude and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression with robust standard error estimations, adjusted for year of childbirth, maternal age, parity, maternal smoking, educational level and Norwegian health region at birth.Results:Compared with non-immigrants, immigrant women had a higher proportion of non-registered ultrasound examinations (2.3% vs. 4.3%; aOR 2.0 (95% CI 1.9, 2.0)). Compared with women with ultrasound examination, the aOR for perinatal mortality for women with non-registered ultrasound was 2.27 (95% CI 1.85, 2.79) for immigrants and 3.61 (3.21, 4.07) for non-immigrants. Non-registered ultrasound examination was also associated with placental abruption (aOR 1.32 (1.08, 1.63)) for non-immigrant women, but it was not associated with preeclampsia.Compared with non-immigrants, immigrant women have a higher proportion of non-registered data on prenatal ultrasound examinations. Both immigrants and non-immigrants with non-registered ultrasound examinations have an increased aOR of perinatal mortality. Non-immigrant women also had an increased aOR for placental abruption.
背景:产前超声波检查对于检测胎盘功能异常非常重要。超声波检测出的一些异常情况可以在怀孕或分娩期间得到控制,从而改善健康状况。目的:(a)估计未登记产前超声波检查的比例;(b)根据移民相关因素,研究挪威产妇未登记超声波检查与围产期不良结局之间的关联。方法:1999-2016年挪威出生医学登记处和挪威统计局提供的个体链接数据,包括999760名移民(n=196220)和非移民(n=803540)的单胎妊娠。结果:与非移民相比,移民妇女未登记超声波检查的比例更高(2.3% 对 4.3%;aOR 2.0 (95% CI 1.9, 2.0))。与接受过超声检查的妇女相比,未注册超声检查的移民妇女围产期死亡率 aOR 为 2.27(95% CI 1.85,2.79),非移民妇女为 3.61(3.21,4.07)。与非移民相比,移民妇女产前超声波检查未登记数据的比例更高。未登记超声波检查的移民和非移民围产期死亡率的 aOR 都有所上升。非移民妇女胎盘早剥的 aOR 也有所增加。
{"title":"Associations between non-registered ultrasound examination in pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes in immigrant and non-immigrant women: a Norwegian population-based study 1999–2016","authors":"Karolina S. Mæland, Nils-Halvdan Morken, Erica Schytt, Vigdis Aasheim, Roy M. Nilsen","doi":"10.1177/14034948241274596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948241274596","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Prenatal ultrasound examinations are important to detect placental dysfunction. Several ultrasound-detected abnormalities can be managed during pregnancy or childbirth, thus improve health outcomes. Maternal birth country is known to influence the risk of placental dysfunction, but little is known about the possible mechanisms of this relation.Aims:(a) To estimate the proportion of non-registered prenatal ultrasound examinations; (b) to examine associations between non-registered ultrasound examinations and adverse perinatal outcomes, by migrant-related factors, in women giving birth in Norway.Methods:Individually linked data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and Statistics Norway, 1999–2016, comprising 999,760 singleton pregnancies to immigrants ( n=196,220) and non-immigrants ( n=803,540). Crude and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression with robust standard error estimations, adjusted for year of childbirth, maternal age, parity, maternal smoking, educational level and Norwegian health region at birth.Results:Compared with non-immigrants, immigrant women had a higher proportion of non-registered ultrasound examinations (2.3% vs. 4.3%; aOR 2.0 (95% CI 1.9, 2.0)). Compared with women with ultrasound examination, the aOR for perinatal mortality for women with non-registered ultrasound was 2.27 (95% CI 1.85, 2.79) for immigrants and 3.61 (3.21, 4.07) for non-immigrants. Non-registered ultrasound examination was also associated with placental abruption (aOR 1.32 (1.08, 1.63)) for non-immigrant women, but it was not associated with preeclampsia.Compared with non-immigrants, immigrant women have a higher proportion of non-registered data on prenatal ultrasound examinations. Both immigrants and non-immigrants with non-registered ultrasound examinations have an increased aOR of perinatal mortality. Non-immigrant women also had an increased aOR for placental abruption.","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Little is known about associations between occupational prestige, that is, the symbolic evaluation and social positioning of occupations, and sickness absence (SA) or disability pension (DP). We explored whether occupational prestige was associated with future SA or DP among women and men.
Methods: A Swedish 4-year prospective cohort study of all those in paid work and aged 25-59 in 2010 (N = 2,605,227; 47% women), using linked microdata from three nationwide registers and Standard International Occupational Prestige Scale values, categorised as 'very low', 'low', 'medium', 'high', or 'very high'. Odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), crude and adjusted for several sociodemographic factors, were calculated for three outcomes: at least one SA spell (>14 days), >90 SA days, or DP occurrence, during follow-up (2011-2013).
Results: The mean number of SA days in 2010 varied by occupational prestige group, for example, 'very high': 3.0, 'very low': 6.5. Compared to those in occupations with 'very high' prestige, all other groups had higher adjusted ORs for all three outcomes. Among men, those with 'very low' occupational prestige had the highest OR for at least one SA spell: OR 1.51 (95% CI 1.47-1.56); among women, the 'medium' group had the highest OR: 1.30 (1.27-1.32). The results were similar for SA >90 days. OR for DP among women with 'very low' occupational prestige was 2.01 (1.84-2.19), and 3.55 (3.15-4.01) for men.