Russian Journal of Ecology最新文献

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Land Snail Diversity of Coastal Karnataka, India, and Effect of Physicochemical Parameters of the Environment on their Distribution 印度卡纳塔克邦沿海的陆地蜗牛多样性以及环境理化参数对其分布的影响

IF 1.1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY

Russian Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1134/s1067413624700048

S. L. D’Souza, K. B. Shenoy

Abstract

This study was designed to estimate the land snail diversity of coastal Karnataka, India, and to compare it with that of the Western Ghats mountain range. Altogether, 23 species of land snails were recorded, of which 18 species were found in coastal Karnataka and 3 species were confined only to Western Ghats. The highest number of land snails were found in national parks, followed by plantations, and the lowest in open areas. Rhachistia praetermissus was confined to the nagabana of Harekala and Rishetia sp. was only seen in home gardens. Among the plantations, land snail diversity was higher in arecanut plantations and lower in rubber plantations. Land snails such as Mariaella dussumieri and Macrochlamys indica were common to most of the visited habitats. Significant correlation between humidity and species richness of land snails indicates that humidity determines the land snail diversity in coastal Karnataka. Reserve forests/National Parks studied encompass more land snail diversity as they provide heterogeneous habitats and suitable ecological niches. Lower diversity of land snails in plantations and open areas compared to the reserve forests can be attributed to lower habitat complexity and anthropogenic disturbances.

摘要这项研究旨在估计印度卡纳塔克邦沿海地区的陆地蜗牛多样性，并将其与西高止山脉的多样性进行比较。共记录了 23 种陆蜗牛，其中 18 种在卡纳塔克邦沿海地区发现，3 种仅在西高止山脉发现。在国家公园发现的田螺数量最多，其次是种植园，而在空旷地区发现的田螺数量最少。Rhachistia praetermissus 只出现在 Harekala 的 nagabana 中，Rishetia sp. 只出现在家庭菜园中。在种植园中，麻风树种植园的田螺多样性较高，而橡胶种植园的田螺多样性较低。Mariaella dussumieri 和 Macrochlamys indica 等田螺在大多数访问过的生境中都很常见。湿度与陆生蜗牛物种丰富度之间的显著相关性表明，湿度决定了卡纳塔克邦沿海陆生蜗牛的多样性。所研究的森林保护区/国家公园拥有更多的陆栖蜗牛多样性，因为它们提供了不同的栖息地和合适的生态位。与保护林相比，种植园和开阔地的陆栖蜗牛多样性较低，这可能是由于栖息地的复杂性较低和人为干扰造成的。

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引用次数: 0

Proportion of Birch Leaves Damaged by Insects along the Pollution Gradient of the Middle Ural Copper Smelter 乌拉尔中部铜冶炼厂污染梯度上被昆虫破坏的桦树叶比例

IF 1.1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY

Russian Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1134/s1067413624700073

E. A. Belskaya, G. A. Zamshina

Abstract

The proportion of leaves of downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) damaged by insects at ten sites of coniferous forest along the pollution gradient of the Middle Ural copper smelter was analyzed. The study was conducted during periods of moderate (2009) and low (2019) emissions in early and late summer. The proportion of damaged leaves was higher in 2019 and increased towards the end of the growing season but was not associated with distance to the smelter and lead concentration in leaves.

摘要分析了乌拉尔中部铜冶炼厂污染梯度沿线十个针叶林地点的绒毛桦（Betula pubescens Ehrh.）叶片受昆虫危害的比例。研究是在中度（2009 年）和低度（2019 年）排放期的初夏和夏末进行的。2019年受损叶片的比例较高，并在生长季节末期有所增加，但与冶炼厂的距离和叶片中的铅浓度无关。

引用次数: 0

Indication of Radioactive Contamination of Forest Ecosystems in the Zone of the East Ural Radioactive Trace Using Methods of Quantitative Wood Anatomy 利用木材定量分析方法确定东乌拉尔放射性痕量区森林生态系统的放射性污染情况

IF 1.1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY

Russian Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1134/s1067413624700012

V. V. Kukarskih, A. V. Komarova, A. D. Vakhrusheva, A. Arzac, M. V. Modorov

Abstract

The anatomical structure of the annual rings of Scots pine, formed before and after the Kyshtym accident, is analyzed. In trees growing closer to the central axis of the East Ural radioactive trace (EURT), a decrease in the number of cells in the annual ring, as well as a decrease in the diameter of the lumens and the thickness of the cell walls, was noted. It is assumed that radiation-induced damage to the photo-assimilation apparatus of trees led to disturbances in physiological processes that were reflected in the anatomical structure of wood.

摘要分析了基什特姆事故前后形成的苏格兰松树年轮的解剖结构。在靠近东乌拉尔放射性痕量（EURT）中轴线生长的树木中，年轮中的细胞数量减少了，细胞腔的直径和细胞壁的厚度也减小了。据推测，辐射对树木光同化装置造成的损害导致了生理过程的紊乱，这反映在木材的解剖结构上。

引用次数: 0

Tree Stand Structure in the Forest–Mountain Steppe Transition Zone on the Slopes of the Kraka Massif (Southern Urals) and Its Determining Factors 克拉卡山丘（南乌拉尔山脉）斜坡上森林-山地草原过渡带的林分结构及其决定因素

IF 1.1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY

Russian Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1134/s1067413624700024

I. K. Gaisin, P. A. Moiseev, I. B. Vorobyov, A. A. Konstantinov

Abstract

Ground-based laser surveys of the upper parts (from the ridge crests to the border of closed forests) of six steppe slopes of the mountains of the Southern and Northern Kraka massifs (Southern Urals) on a total area of 20.82 hectares were carried out. As a result, 3584 trees were identified in all studied areas, their morphometric parameters (crown height and size) and exact geographical position were assessed with an accuracy of 3–10 cm. It was shown that the closure and density of tree stands are extremely low in the upper third of the surveyed altitudinal profiles, and a local increase in these indicators is observed only on some slopes. It is also widely noted that these characteristics of forest stands increase sharply at a distance of about 2/3rd of the length of the profiles from the ridge crests. Measurements of the depth of the soil layer showed that the soils in the upper parts of the slopes are thin (on average 7–12 cm), and their average depth reaches 29 cm only on some slopes in places where the density of forest stands increases. Soil depth on sections of profiles remote from the ridge crests 1/4th to 2/3rd of their length gradually increases and reaches average values of 20–30 cm. We associate both local and stable (in the lower part) increase in the density of forest stands in the forest–mountain steppe transition zone with the increase in the thickness of the soil layer and the volume of moisture retained by it.

摘要对克拉卡山脉（乌拉尔南部）南坡和北坡的六个草原斜坡上部（从山脊顶峰到郁闭森林边界）总面积为 20.82 公顷的区域进行了地面激光勘测。结果，在所有研究区域内确定了 3584 棵树木，对其形态参数（树冠高度和大小）和准确地理位置进行了评估，精确度为 3-10 厘米。结果表明，在所调查的海拔高度剖面的上三分之一处，树木的郁闭度和密度都极低，只有在某些斜坡上才能观察到这些指标的局部增加。人们还普遍注意到，在距山脊顶端约三分之二的剖面长度处，林分的这些特征会急剧增加。对土层深度的测量显示，山坡上部的土壤较薄（平均 7-12 厘米），只有在林分密度增加的一些山坡上，其平均深度才达到 29 厘米。在距离山脊顶 1/4 到 2/3 长度的剖面上，土壤深度逐渐增加，平均深度达到 20-30 厘米。我们认为，森林-山地草原过渡带林分密度的局部和稳定（在下部）增加与土层厚度及其保湿量的增加有关。

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引用次数: 0

Productivity of the Bakchar Bog Plant Communities in the Initial Stages of Pyrogenic Succession (Southern Taiga of Western Siberia) 热原演替初期巴卡尔沼泽植物群落的生产力（西西伯利亚南部泰加林区）

IF 1.1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY

Russian Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1134/s1067413624700036

N. P. Kosykh, N. P. Mironycheva-Tokareva, N. G. Koronatova, E. K. Vishnyakova

Abstract

The results of a study on the productivity of plant communities after a crown fire in a drained oligotrophic bog in the southern taiga of Western Siberia are presented. A quantitative assessment of biological productivity in areas with varying degrees of pyrogenic disturbance is given. The reserves of the grass-shrub and moss layers in the most disturbed area in the second year of restoration amounted to 1220 g/m², production was 324 g/m² per year; in the third year, reserves increased to 1635 g/m² and production increased to 1038 g/m² per year due to the growth of blueberries, while the production in the control site with high reserves of living phytomass (2200 g/m²) amounted to 745 g/m² per year. There was a change in the structure of the phytomass, compaction of the deposit by 34%, and an increase in the mortmass of vascular plants by three times. The living mass of roots in the disturbed area concentrated in the upper layer of 0–10 cm, while it was distributed in the control area in the layer of 10–30 cm. It was found that the roots of dead pines retain the morphological characteristics of living ones during the first two years and pass into the fraction of dead roots on the third year of pyrogenic succession. Carbon losses during burning of the top layer of tow up to 20 cm amounted to 3016 g C/m², 500 g/m² of which can be buried as a layer of coal in peat.

摘要介绍了对西西伯利亚南部泰加林地区排水性寡营养沼泽地冠火后植物群落生产力的研究结果。对不同程度火烧扰动区域的生物生产力进行了定量评估。在恢复的第二年，受干扰最严重地区的草灌木和苔藓层储量为 1220 克/平方米，年产量为 324 克/平方米；在第三年，由于蓝莓的生长，储量增加到 1635 克/平方米，年产量增加到 1038 克/平方米，而在活植物体储量高（2200 克/平方米）的对照区，年产量为 745 克/平方米。植物体的结构发生了变化，沉积物压实了 34%，维管植物的臼质增加了三倍。扰动区的活根主要集中在 0-10 厘米的上层，而对照区的活根分布在 10-30 厘米的层中。研究发现，枯死松树的根系在头两年保留了活体根系的形态特征，并在火成演替的第三年进入枯死根系部分。在 20 厘米以下的顶层纤维束燃烧过程中损失的碳为 3016 克/平方米，其中 500 克/平方米可作为煤层埋入泥炭中。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of Chemical Pollution on the Fertility of Male Rodents from Natural Populations: Сomparing the Response of Sperm Morphology, Motility, and Concentration 化学污染对自然种群雄性啮齿动物生育能力的影响：比较精子形态、活力和浓度的反应

IF 1.1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY

Russian Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1134/s106741362470005x

G. Yu. Smirnov, Yu. A. Davydova

Abstract

The results of studies of epididymal spermatozoa of three species of rodents (bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus, northern red-backed vole Cl. rutilus, and herb field mouse Sylvaemus uralensis) living under long-term exposure to atmospheric emissions from two large copper smelters in the Middle Urals are summarized (Middle Ural and Kirovgrad copper smelters). The impact of pollution (including at the individual level on the accumulation of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in the liver) was assessed for indicators characterizing the quality of sperm from different aspects: morphology (proportion of cells with head and tail defects), motility (proportion of motile cells, velocity, and straightness of movement) and concentration. Sperm motility responds to pollution: in impact zones, the proportion of motile cells and their velocity were lower than in background zones. The occurrence of abnormal cells and sperm concentration were not statistically significantly different between impact and background zones. The reaction of sperm to chemical pollution is species-specific: voles react more strongly than the herb field mouse. The consistency of changes in sperm parameters (in the direction of their deterioration) in response to increased pollution was found only in the bank vole. Effect sizes for sperm parameters are much smaller compared to those for liver Cd accumulation and animal abundance. In general, the reaction of sperm to pollution turned out to be weak, none of the studied indicators can be a reliable marker of industrial pollution.

摘要总结了对长期生活在乌拉尔中部两个大型铜冶炼厂（乌拉尔中部铜冶炼厂和基洛夫格勒铜冶炼厂）大气排放物环境中的三种啮齿动物（银行田鼠 Clethrionomys glareolus、北方红背田鼠 Cl. rutilus 和草食田鼠 Sylvaemus uralensis）的附睾精子的研究结果。从不同方面评估了污染对精子质量指标的影响（包括在个体水平上对铜、锌、铅和镉在肝脏中积累的影响）：形态（头部和尾部缺陷细胞的比例）、运动性（运动细胞的比例、运动速度和直线度）和浓度。精子运动对污染的反应：在受影响区域，运动细胞的比例和速度均低于背景区域。影响区和背景区的异常细胞发生率和精子浓度在统计学上没有显著差异。精子对化学污染的反应具有物种特异性：田鼠的反应比草本田鼠更强烈。只有银行田鼠的精子参数随污染加剧而变化的一致性（恶化方向）被发现。与肝脏镉积累和动物数量相比，精子参数的效应大小要小得多。总体而言，精子对污染的反应较弱，所研究的指标都不能作为工业污染的可靠标记。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative Analysis of Blood System Indicators of Three Species of Immature Forest Voles Under Conditions of Low Autumn Temperatures 秋季低温条件下三种未成熟森林田鼠血液系统指标的比较分析

IF 1.1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY

Russian Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1134/s1067413624020085

E. A. Tarakhtii

Abstract

Quantitative structural and functional indicators of the blood system were studied in immature autumn individuals of closely related species: bank, red, and red-gray voles (18, 11, and 9 individuals, respectively), constituting a reserve population in the autumn–winter period, to assess the adaptive response to low temperature conditions. Interspecies differences in the size of the diffusion surface and the degree of hemoglobinization of erythrocytes, typical for each species, have been identified. The three species of voles with a similar ability to carry oxygen per unit volume of blood have different mechanisms for providing tissues with oxygen. The identified differences in the responses of blood parameters (reticulocytes, erythrocyte indices, and leukocyte composition) reflect the physiological mechanism of maintaining hemoglobin concentration in the blood, being therefore of great importance in solving issues of homeostasis of the body in a changing environment. Based on a set of experimental data, groups of voles (taxonomy) corresponding to the classification of species were identified using discriminant analysis.

摘要对构成秋冬季后备种群的近缘种--银行田鼠、红田鼠和红灰田鼠（分别为18、11和9只）的秋季未成熟个体的血液系统结构和功能指标进行了定量研究，以评估它们对低温条件的适应性反应。研究发现，在扩散面大小和红细胞血红蛋白化程度方面存在种间差异，这是每个物种的典型特征。三种田鼠单位体积血液携带氧气的能力相似，但为组织提供氧气的机制不同。血液参数（网状细胞、红细胞指数和白细胞组成）反应的差异反映了维持血液中血红蛋白浓度的生理机制，因此对解决变化环境中的机体平衡问题具有重要意义。根据一组实验数据，利用判别分析确定了与物种分类相对应的田鼠群体（分类学）。

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引用次数: 0

On the Issue of the Primary Sex Ratio in the Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) 关于灰背隼的初级性别比例问题

IF 1.1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY

Russian Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1134/s1067413624020012

A. V. Artemyev, V. N. Veprintsev, N. A. Karpechenko

Abstract

An assessment of the primary sex ratio in the local pied flycatcher population in South Karelia (Russia) is given, and its variations in broods depending on breeding characteristics and characteristics of the parents are analyzed. The proportion of males in 30 clutches examined in 2012 did not differ from the proportion of females and amounted to 50.8% of the total number of eggs laid (n = 199), although it varied from 14.3% to 85.7% in individual nests. A weak positive correlation between the proportion of males in the brood and the timing of breeding and the ornamentation of the feathers that form the white spot on the male’s wing (the first tertiary and the 5–6th upper greater coverts of the secondary feathers), and a negative correlation with the length of the wing and the third primary feather of the female were shown. Analysis using generalized linear models showed a significant relationship of the primary sex ratio in the brood only with the length of the female’s third primary feather. Possible mechanisms of changes in the sex ratio in broods are discussed.

摘要对南卡累利阿（俄罗斯）当地斑背飞燕种群的主要性别比例进行了评估，并分析了根据繁殖特征和亲鸟特征，其在窝中的变化情况。在2012年考察的30窝卵中，雄性比例与雌性比例没有差异，雄性占产卵总数的50.8%（n = 199），但在个别巢中雄性比例从14.3%到85.7%不等。雄鸟在雏鸟中的比例与繁殖时间和雄鸟翅膀上形成白斑的羽毛（第一三级羽毛和第二级羽毛的第5-6个上大覆羽）的装饰性之间存在微弱的正相关，与雌鸟翅膀的长度和第三根初级羽毛之间存在负相关。利用广义线性模型进行的分析表明，只有雌鸟第三根初级羽毛的长度与雏鸟的初级性别比有显著关系。讨论了雏鸟性别比变化的可能机制。

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引用次数: 0

Non-Specific Animal Esterases as Biomarkers of Pesticide Pollution of Aquatic Ecosystems (Review) 作为水生生态系统农药污染生物标志物的非特异性动物酯酶（综述）

IF 1.1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY

Russian Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1134/s106741362402005x

A. G. Kinareikina, E. A. Silivanova, D. N. Kyrov

Abstract

Pollution of water resources with pesticides negatively affects aquatic organisms and makes water bodies unsuitable for use by humans. Chemical analysis methods do not provide information about the impact of a detected substance and its individual components on the ecosystem. The article presents an analysis and synthesis of published data on the possibilities and features of the use of aquatic enzymes as biomarkers of pollution of aquatic ecosystems with pesticides. Publications over the past 20 years, indexed in the PubMed, Crossref, Web of Science, Scopus, and RSCI databases devoted to the issues of pesticide pollution of water bodies and the use of enzymes, in particular nonspecific esterases, in biomonitoring were analyzed. The concept of “biomarker” is revealed, groups of biomarkers, the purposes of their use, advantages and disadvantages as a source of information about the state of the ecosystem are listed. Particular attention is paid to the study of nonspecific esterases in aquatic organisms (fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and amphibians). The main types of substrates used to measure the activity of esterase isoforms and the features of changes in enzymatic activity in response to exposure to pesticides from different chemical groups (organophosphorus compounds, carbamates, and pyrethroids) are considered. The factors influencing the activity of nonspecific esterases of aquatic organisms and limiting their use for assessing pollution of aquatic ecosystems are identified.

摘要农药污染水资源会对水生生物产生负面影响，并使水体不适合人类使用。化学分析方法无法提供有关检测到的物质及其单个成分对生态系统影响的信息。文章对已发表的数据进行了分析和综合，这些数据涉及使用水生酶作为农药污染水生生态系统的生物标志物的可能性和特点。文章分析了 PubMed、Crossref、Web of Science、Scopus 和 RSCI 数据库收录的过去 20 年中有关水体农药污染和生物监测中酶（特别是非特异性酯酶）使用问题的出版物。揭示了 "生物标志物 "的概念，列出了生物标志物的组别、使用目的、作为生态系统状况信息来源的优缺点。特别关注对水生生物（鱼类、软体动物、甲壳动物和两栖动物）体内非特异性酯酶的研究。研究考虑了用于测量酯酶同工酶活性的主要底物类型，以及酶活性在接触不同化学组（有机磷化合物、氨基甲酸酯类和拟除虫菊酯类）杀虫剂后的变化特征。确定了影响水生生物非特异性酯酶活性以及限制其用于评估水生生态系统污染的因素。

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引用次数: 0

Population of Soil-Dwelling Enchytraeids (Annelida, Clitellata, and Enchytraeidae) in the European Part of Russia 俄罗斯欧洲地区生活在土壤中的 Enchytraeids（无脊椎动物、纤毛虫和 Enchytraeidae）种群

IF 1.1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY

Russian Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1134/s1067413624020036

M. I. Degtyarev, A. S. Zaitsev, M. A. Danilova, E. Yu. Zvychaynaya, D. I. Korobushkin, D. A. Medvedev, R. A. Sayfutdinov, K. B. Gongalese

Abstract—

Enchytraeids are among the key organisms in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Despite this, the fauna and population of enchytraeids of the European part of Russia (ER) have been studied rather poorly. Based on our collections gathered at 193 sites in the territory of the main biomes of European Russia in 2019–2023, 74 species of enchytraeids assigned to 15 genera were identified. The presence of tundra, boreal, nemoral, and desert faunal complexes of enchytraeids, as well as of a group of polyzonal species, was shown. From a faunal point of view, the Caucasus, which is inhabited by a group of species that are not found anywhere else in Russia, is distinguished in the European part of the country. Analysis of enchytraeid communities in various biomes of the European part at the species level would allow a more correct assessment of their role in detrital food webs and the functioning of ecosystems in general.

摘要--虾螨类是陆地生态系统运作的关键生物之一。尽管如此，人们对俄罗斯欧洲部分（ER）的尾丝虫动物群落和数量的研究却很少。根据我们 2019-2023 年在俄罗斯欧洲主要生物群落境内 193 个地点收集到的资料，确定了隶属于 15 个属的 74 种尾丝虫。研究显示，冻原、寒带、沼泽和荒漠动物群落中都有蛇尾藻类，还发现了一组多带物种。从动物群的角度来看，高加索地区栖息着一群在俄罗斯其他地方都没有发现的物种，在俄罗斯的欧洲部分是与众不同的。对欧洲地区各种生物群落中的虾虎鱼群落进行物种层面的分析，可以更正确地评估它们在碎屑食物网中的作用以及整个生态系统的功能。

引用次数: 0

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