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Adapting to Climatic Extremes: Do Grazing Management Strategies Matter? 适应极端气候：放牧管理策略重要吗？

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2025.07.016

Merilynn C. Schantz , Douglas R. Smith , Kabindra Adhikari , Douglas J. Goodwin , Douglas R. Tolleson , Javier M. Osorio Leyton , Kelly R. Thorp , R. Daren Harmel

Frequent and extreme weather events have increased the need for improved grazing land management strategies that can withstand these disturbances. Alternative grazing strategies of rotational and supplemental forage cover crop use have been suggested as producing greater environmental benefits than prevailing practices of continuous use with supplemental forage oat grazing in pasturelands. How plant and animal performance differs by these grazing strategies, especially during climactic extremes, however, is unknown as it requires long-term studies that occur across common land management (large) spatial scales. Dynamic precipitation patterns in central Texas provide a unique environment to test the differences in grazing management strategies by weather inputs. For this study, we sought to compare plant production and animal nutrition between alternative adaptive grazing land management strategies of rotationally grazed pastures and forage cover crops to prevailing methods of continuously grazed pastures and supplemental forage oats across a 10-yr period in central Texas. Our results suggest that alternative strategies of rotational grazing with supplemental cover crops resulted in greater plant production, especially in ungrazed regions during drought, compared to prevailing practices of continuous pasture grazing with supplemental forage oats. Animal nutrition was, alternatively, inconclusive as fecal crude protein in cattle was greater when animals grazed the prevailing treatment of forage oats and continuously grazed pastures, although the ratio of digestible organic matter to crude protein was greater when cattle grazed the alternative treatment of rotational and cover crop pastures. Collectively, these results suggest that alternative grazing strategies may be more resistant to climatic extremes.

频繁和极端的天气事件增加了改进牧场管理战略以抵御这些干扰的需求。轮牧和补充牧草覆盖作物的替代放牧策略被认为比在草地上连续使用补充牧草的做法产生更大的环境效益。然而，由于需要在共同土地管理（大）空间尺度上进行长期研究，因此尚不清楚这些放牧策略如何影响植物和动物的生产性能，特别是在极端气候条件下。德克萨斯州中部的动态降水模式提供了一个独特的环境，可以根据天气输入来测试放牧管理策略的差异。在这项研究中，我们试图在德克萨斯州中部10年的时间里，比较轮牧和牧草覆盖作物的替代适应性放牧土地管理策略与连续放牧和补充牧草燕麦的流行方法之间的植物生产和动物营养。我们的研究结果表明，与持续放牧和补充牧草燕麦相比，轮牧和补充覆盖作物的替代策略可以提高植物产量，特别是在干旱期间的未放牧地区。另一方面，动物营养也不确定，因为当动物放牧牧草燕麦和连续放牧时，牛的粪便粗蛋白质含量更高，尽管当牛放牧轮作和覆盖作物交替处理时，可消化有机质与粗蛋白质的比例更高。总的来说，这些结果表明，替代放牧策略可能更能抵御极端气候。

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引用次数: 0

Mule Deer Response to Invasive Annual Grasses: Implications for Strategic Management in Sagebrush Priority Areas 骡鹿对一年生草入侵的响应：对山艾树优先区战略管理的启示

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2025.07.012

Kurt T. Smith , Brian A. Mealor , Jerod A. Merkle

Invasive annual grasses (IAG) are a widespread threat to the sagebrush steppe (Artemisia spp. L) rangelands and associated wildlife of the western United States. Multiple ungulate species including mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus Rafinesque) rely on sagebrush steppe seasonally. While substantial efforts have been made to conserve critical mule deer habitat, less attention has been given to mule deer habitat affected by IAGs and there is limited information about how mule deer respond to IAG invasions. We evaluated mule deer resource selection in a sagebrush grassland community impacted by IAGs in northeast Wyoming. We then used empirical model estimates to forecast how IAG management could impact mule deer habitat in the future following a strategic IAG framework focused on defending and growing sagebrush core areas most threatened by IAGs. We found that mule deer responded to IAGs in a nonlinear pattern across all seasons and strongly avoided areas once cover exceeded approximately 20%. When projecting results 20 yr into the future, we found that over half of the study area is expected to experience significant declines in mule deer habitat quality if IAGs continue to spread at the same rate observed over the past two decades. However, with targeted IAG treatments, we predicted widespread improvements in mule deer habitat, particularly in priority areas where ecological integrity can be restored with future IAG management. Our findings reinforce the emerging notion that ecosystem-based frameworks designed to defend and grow intact sagebrush steppe through strategic management efforts also have the potential to benefit species of conservation interest. As current conservation efforts to mitigate IAGs are not progressing fast enough to address the magnitude of the IAG problem in sagebrush across the west, strategic management efforts will be necessary to maintain important habitats for numerous sagebrush occurring wildlife.

入侵的一年生草（IAG）是美国西部艾草草原（Artemisia spp. L）牧场和相关野生动物的广泛威胁。包括骡鹿（Odocoileus hemionus Rafinesque）在内的多种有蹄类动物季节性地依赖于山艾草草原。尽管人们为保护重要的骡鹿栖息地做出了大量努力，但对IAG对骡鹿栖息地的影响关注较少，关于骡鹿如何应对IAG入侵的信息有限。以怀俄明东北部受iag影响的山艾草群落为研究对象，对该群落的骡鹿资源选择进行了评价。然后，我们使用经验模型估计，预测IAG管理在未来如何影响骡鹿栖息地，并遵循IAG战略框架，重点是保护和种植受IAG威胁最严重的山艾树核心地区。我们发现，在所有季节，骡鹿对iag的反应都是非线性的，一旦覆盖面积超过20%，它们就会强烈避开。在预测未来20年的结果时，我们发现，如果iag继续以过去20年观察到的相同速度传播，预计超过一半的研究区域将经历骡鹿栖息地质量的显着下降。然而，通过有针对性的IAG处理，我们预测骡鹿栖息地的广泛改善，特别是在未来IAG管理可以恢复生态完整性的重点地区。我们的研究结果加强了一个新兴的概念，即通过战略管理工作来保护和生长完整的山艾草草原的基于生态系统的框架也有可能使保护感兴趣的物种受益。由于目前减少IAG的保护工作进展不够快，不足以解决整个西部山艾树IAG问题的严重性，因此有必要采取战略管理措施，以维护大量山艾树野生动物的重要栖息地。

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引用次数: 0

Remote Sensing of Forage Droughts in the Dry Chaco (Argentina) 阿根廷查科干旱区牧草干旱遥感研究

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2025.07.014

Lisandro Blanco , Walter Agüero , Alicia Sancho , Marcos Texeira

Background

Drought is widely recognized as one of the most complex natural hazards due to its gradual onset and long-lasting impacts. With climate change, droughts are becoming increasingly intense, frequent, and prolonged, particularly in arid and semiarid rangelands, posing a serious threat to the sustainability of livestock systems. The objective of this study was to develop, calibrate, and validate a methodology for detecting forage droughts and monitoring their spatial and temporal patterns using satellite-derived anomalies in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), hereafter NDVI anomalie (NDVIA).

Methods

Forage droughts are defined as temporary reductions in forage productivity in rangelands, grasslands, and pastures caused by rainfall falling below the long-term average. These reductions are so severe that even with adaptive forage management, the forage biomass accumulated during the growing season is insufficient to sustain livestock during the vegetative rest period (forage drought model). The study focuses on the dry Chaco region of Argentina. NDVIA values were correlated with forage biomass data collected in the field at 20 sites over a 10-yr period. Using a logistic regression model, the NDVIA threshold indicating the presence or absence of forage drought was determined.

Results

Results revealed a significant relationship (P < 0.05) between NDVIA and forage drought presence/absence. During the study period (2001–2023), forage droughts in the region typically recurred every 5 ± 2 growing seasons. A cluster analysis identified two subzones with significant differences (P < 0.05) in the temporal dynamics of forage drought occurrence.

Implications

The combined application of the forage drought model and this NDVI-based monitoring system could serve as a “guidebook” for implementing forage management strategies at the farm scale (e.g., adaptive forage management) and shaping public policies at the regional scale (e.g., satellite index-based insurance). This methodological approach, first-of-its-kind in region, could be adapted to other arid and semiarid ecosystems globally, enhancing the early warning and management of forage droughts.

干旱是公认的最复杂的自然灾害之一，因其发生缓慢且影响持久。随着气候变化，干旱变得越来越严重、频繁和持续时间越来越长，特别是在干旱和半干旱的牧场，对畜牧业系统的可持续性构成严重威胁。本研究的目的是开发、校准和验证一种方法，该方法可以利用归一化植被指数（NDVI）（以下简称NDVI异常（NDVIA））的卫星衍生异常来检测牧草干旱并监测其时空模式。方法草料干旱被定义为由于降雨量低于长期平均水平而导致的牧场、草原和牧场草料生产力的暂时下降。这些减少是如此严重，以至于即使采用适应性饲料管理，在生长季节积累的饲料生物量也不足以在营养休息期间维持牲畜（饲料干旱模型）。这项研究的重点是阿根廷干旱的查科地区。NDVIA值与在20个地点收集的10年牧草生物量数据相关。利用logistic回归模型，确定了牧草干旱存在与否的NDVIA阈值。结果NDVIA与牧草干旱存在与否呈显著相关（P <； 0.05）。研究期间（2001-2023年），该地区草料干旱每5个 ± 2个生长季发生一次。聚类分析发现两个亚区在牧草干旱发生的时间动态上存在显著差异（P <； 0.05）。牧草干旱模型与基于ndvi的监测系统的结合应用可以作为在农场规模上实施牧草管理策略（如适应性牧草管理）和在区域规模上制定公共政策（如基于卫星指数的保险）的“指南”。该方法在区域内首创，可适用于全球其他干旱和半干旱生态系统，加强牧草干旱的预警和管理。

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引用次数: 0

Compost and Native Seeding Interactively Increase Bulk Soil Carbon, but Compost Addition Favors Nonnative Plants 堆肥和本地种子相互作用增加土壤碳量，但堆肥添加有利于非本地植物

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2025.07.010

Justin C. Luong , Jazmine Mejia-Muñoz , Pam Krone

Rangelands are globally distributed habitats with high potential for supporting nature-based climate solutions. Yet, rangelands will be affected by human disturbances that result in severe habitat degradation and may need intervention to sufficiently recover. Compost addition can help improve soil carbon and water holding capacity, whereas native seeding can help bolster plant cover and richness; synergistically, they could have cascading effects on plant communities and forage quality. To better understand the utility of combining these range improvements, we treated a degraded working grassland (used to stage wildfire-fighting operations) in coastal California with compost broadcasting (1.48 kg · m⁻²) and native seeding (eight California species) treatments annually for 3 consecutive yr (2020–2022). We evaluated plant community composition, forage quality and toxicity, and soil biogeochemistry (soil inorganic carbon [SIC] and soil organic carbon [SOC] concentrations [%] and bulk soil carbon [T C · ha⁻¹]). Compost addition resulted in higher concentrations of soil organic matter (SOM) but did not increase SOC and SIC. Nonnative plant cover increased over time only in compost addition plots. Native cover and richness were unaffected by native seeding, but native cover was lower with compost addition. Compost resulted in higher relative cover of low-quality and less toxic forage, but also lower relative cover of high-quality forage. Bulk soil carbon was unaffected by independent compost addition or native seeding but increased significantly when treatments were combined. Our results demonstrate that compost application and native seeding have the potential to support soil recovery of SOM and bulk soil carbon in a degraded rangeland. The findings also suggest there are trade-offs in these practices, as compost addition could promote nonnative species and higher relative plant cover of low-quality forage. Low success from native seeding indicates that recommended seeding rates may be insufficient to establish plants in a degraded rangeland with compacted soils.

牧场是全球分布的栖息地，具有支持基于自然的气候解决方案的巨大潜力。然而，牧场将受到人类干扰的影响，导致生境严重退化，可能需要干预才能充分恢复。添加堆肥可以帮助提高土壤的碳和水保持能力，而本地播种可以帮助增加植物覆盖和丰富度；在协同作用下，它们可能对植物群落和饲料质量产生级联效应。为了更好地了解结合这些范围改进的效用，我们连续3年（2020-2022），每年使用堆肥广播（1.48 kg·m - 2）和本地播种（8种加州物种）处理加利福尼亚沿海退化的工作草地（用于进行野火灭火行动）。我们评估了植物群落组成、牧草质量和毒性以及土壤生物地球化学（土壤无机碳[SIC]和土壤有机碳[SOC]浓度[%]和土壤总碳[T C·ha−1]）。堆肥增加了土壤有机质（SOM）浓度，但没有增加土壤有机碳（SOC）和SIC。随着时间的推移，只有在添加堆肥的地块上，非本土植物的覆盖面积才会增加。原生盖度和丰富度不受原生播种的影响，但堆肥的添加降低了原生盖度。堆肥提高了低质低毒牧草的相对覆盖度，降低了优质牧草的相对覆盖度。土壤碳量不受单独添加堆肥和本地播种的影响，但在组合处理时显著增加。我们的研究结果表明，在退化的草地上，施用堆肥和本地播种具有支持土壤SOM和大量土壤碳恢复的潜力。研究结果还表明，在这些做法中存在权衡，因为堆肥添加可以促进非本地物种和提高低质量饲料的相对植物覆盖率。原生播种的低成功率表明，推荐的播种率可能不足以在土壤压实的退化牧场上种植植物。

{"title":"Compost and Native Seeding Interactively Increase Bulk Soil Carbon, but Compost Addition Favors Nonnative Plants","authors":"Justin C. Luong , Jazmine Mejia-Muñoz , Pam Krone","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2025.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2025.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rangelands are globally distributed habitats with high potential for supporting nature-based climate solutions. Yet, rangelands will be affected by human disturbances that result in severe habitat degradation and may need intervention to sufficiently recover. Compost addition can help improve soil carbon and water holding capacity, whereas native seeding can help bolster plant cover and richness; synergistically, they could have cascading effects on plant communities and forage quality. To better understand the utility of combining these range improvements, we treated a degraded working grassland (used to stage wildfire-fighting operations) in coastal California with compost broadcasting (1.48 kg · m<sup>−2</sup>) and native seeding (eight California species) treatments annually for 3 consecutive yr (2020–2022). We evaluated plant community composition, forage quality and toxicity, and soil biogeochemistry (soil inorganic carbon [SIC] and soil organic carbon [SOC] concentrations [%] and bulk soil carbon [T C · ha<sup>−1</sup>]). Compost addition resulted in higher concentrations of soil organic matter (SOM) but did not increase SOC and SIC. Nonnative plant cover increased over time only in compost addition plots. Native cover and richness were unaffected by native seeding, but native cover was lower with compost addition. Compost resulted in higher relative cover of low-quality and less toxic forage, but also lower relative cover of high-quality forage. Bulk soil carbon was unaffected by independent compost addition or native seeding but increased significantly when treatments were combined. Our results demonstrate that compost application and native seeding have the potential to support soil recovery of SOM and bulk soil carbon in a degraded rangeland. The findings also suggest there are trade-offs in these practices, as compost addition could promote nonnative species and higher relative plant cover of low-quality forage. Low success from native seeding indicates that recommended seeding rates may be insufficient to establish plants in a degraded rangeland with compacted soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"103 ","pages":"Pages 104-112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144919911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Northern Bobwhite Response to Drought is Biome-Specific 北方山齿鹑对干旱的反应是生物群系特有的

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2025.07.001

Samantha M. Cady, Craig A. Davis, Samuel D. Fuhlendorf

Weather extremes are increasing in frequency and magnitude, and this trend is projected to continue as anthropogenic climate change progresses. These extremes can include increases in severe drought as well as anomalously heavy rainfall. As birds continue to face novel climatic pressures, including precipitation extremes, the need to hone our understanding of their variable responses is becoming increasingly urgent. Though many studies have evaluated wildlife responses to precipitation variability, less is known about possible biome-specific responses within a single species. Using a half-century of systematically collected count data, we investigate northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) responses to drought and abnormally high rainfall in the Great Plains and Eastern Temperate Forest biomes of North America. Our study demonstrated that, though bobwhite underwent a significant response to declining precipitation throughout its range, the direction of effect was biome-dependent. Specifically, bobwhite relative abundance declined following 12-month droughts prior to the breeding season April in the Great Plains but had a weak, positive association with drought in the Eastern Temperate Forest. This study adds complexity to our understanding of how bobwhite respond to the same environmental pressure (i.e., drought) across its geographic range and highlights the importance of developing region-specific management strategies in the face of a changing climate.

极端天气的频率和强度都在增加，预计随着人为气候变化的加剧，这一趋势将继续下去。这些极端情况可能包括严重干旱的增加以及异常的强降雨。随着鸟类继续面临新的气候压力，包括极端降水，我们对鸟类变化反应的理解变得越来越迫切。尽管许多研究已经评估了野生动物对降水变化的反应，但对单一物种内可能的生物群系特异性反应知之甚少。利用半个世纪系统收集的计数数据，研究了北美大平原和东温带森林生物群落中北方山齿鹑（Colinus virginianus）对干旱和异常高降雨的响应。研究表明，尽管山齿鹑对降水下降有显著的响应，但其影响方向与生物群落有关。具体而言，大平原地区的山齿鹑相对丰度在4月繁殖季节之前的12个月干旱后下降，但与东温带森林的干旱呈弱正相关。这项研究增加了我们对山齿鹑如何应对其地理范围内相同的环境压力（即干旱）的理解的复杂性，并强调了面对气候变化制定区域特定管理策略的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Editorial Board/Journal Info 编辑委员会/期刊信息

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/S1550-7424(25)00117-4

引用次数: 0

Can Seminatural Grassland Vegetation in Abandoned Fields Support the Nutritional Requirements of Grazing Goats? A Study in Central Japan 废弃地半天然草地植被能否满足放牧山羊的营养需求？日本中部的一项研究

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2025.07.011

Noriaki Nakajima , Kazuya Doi , Sae Tamiya , Masato Yayota

The nutritional value of wild plants varies greatly, and some species have nutritional values and digestibility comparable to those of commonly cultivated grass varieties. Thus, we hypothesized that foraging on seminatural grassland vegetation in abandoned fields could fulfill nutritional requirements for goat maintenance, and selective foraging could ensure greater availability of these nutrients, contributing to the maintenance of livestock and their growth. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of semi-natural grassland vegetation in abandoned fields with selective foraging by goats and to estimate whether the vegetation in abandoned fields can satisfy the nutritional requirements of goats through the seasons. We used 16 goats to conduct grazing trials throughout the seasons in two experimental areas of an abandoned field. The variations in the chemical components of each plant group were also evaluated for each season. The nutritional composition of the goat ingesta was estimated from the number of bites of the ingested plant species, chemical components, and bite mass. The goats grazed on 33–43 plant species across the seasons, and the plants that the goats foraged changed throughout the seasons. Goats shifted their foraging from forbs to multiple other plant categories (bamboo species and the Poaceae and Cyperaceae families), increasing their intake of crude protein (CP) and minerals. Grazing under seminatural grassland vegetation in such fields allowed goats to meet their nutritional requirements of CP, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, and chlorine and support a daily gain (DG) of 100 g throughout the season. In contrast, grazing in seminatural grassland vegetation caused excess Fe intake and deficiencies in selenium and copper. However, this study suggests that goats grazing under seminatural grassland vegetation in abandoned Japanese fields could support the nutritional requirements for a DG of 100 g in terms of CP and several minerals.

野生植物的营养价值差异很大，有些品种的营养价值和消化率与普通栽培的牧草品种相当。因此，我们假设在废弃地的半天然草地植被上觅食可以满足山羊维持的营养需求，并且选择性觅食可以确保这些营养物质的更大可用性，有助于维持牲畜的生长和生长。本研究旨在评价山羊选择性采食撂荒地半天然草地植被的营养价值，评估撂荒地植被是否能满足山羊的四季营养需求。我们用16只山羊在一块废弃田地的两个试验区进行了整个季节的放牧试验。还对各植物组化学成分在不同季节的变化进行了评价。根据所食植物种类的咬数、化学成分和咬质量来估计山羊食入物的营养成分。山羊在不同季节以33 ~ 43种植物为食，山羊觅食的植物种类随季节变化而变化。山羊的取食从牧草转向多种其他植物类别（竹类、禾本科和苏科），增加了其粗蛋白质（CP）和矿物质的摄入量。在这些草场的半天然草地植被下放牧，山羊可以满足CP、钙、镁、磷、钾、铁、钴、锰、锌和氯的营养需求，并在整个季节维持100克的日增重（DG）。半天然草地植被放牧导致铁摄入过量，硒和铜缺乏。然而，本研究表明，在日本撂撂地半天然草地植被下放牧的山羊在CP和几种矿物质方面可以满足100 g DG的营养需求。

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引用次数: 0

Continuous Decrease in Grassland Quality in Cold-Season Pasture Over Three River Headwater Region 三江源地区寒季牧草草地质量持续下降

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2025.06.012

Yecheng Yuan , Baolin Li , Yan Liu , Xizhang Gao , Wei Liu , Ying Li , Rui Li

Alpine grasslands in the Three River Headwater (TRH) region have suffered serious degradation owing to global climate change and human activity. Fencing is a major countermeasure implemented in the TRH region by the Ecological Protection and Restoration Program (EPRP) launched by the Chinese government. Fencing from the EPRP was to guarantee prohibited grazing during the growing season and rotation grazing during the cold season in the cold-season pasture. However, fencing excluded grazing over the entire growing season in previous studies, which was quite different from the EPRP. Thus, the protective effect of fencing from the EPRP in the TRH region cannot be confirmed based on previous studies. This study presents trends in vegetative and reproductive branch heights, vegetation cover, and aboveground biomass from 2005 to 2017, using ordinary least squares regression based on field observation data from 39 fenced sites from the EPRP in the TRH region. The results indicated that vegetative branch height, reproductive branch height, and vegetation cover decreased significantly by 34.8%, 38.2%, and 5.4%, respectively, over the study period (P < 0.05). The biomass proportion of Gramineae and Cyperaceae decreased by 48.2% and 23.9%, respectively (P < 0.05), whereas those of poisonous weeds and edible forbs increased by 170.3% and 42.0% (P < 0.10), respectively. This indicated a decrease in grassland quality at the fenced sites from the EPRP. The decrease in grassland quality may have been mainly caused by severe livestock overloading during the cold season. A competitive edge from forbs and poisonous weeds under fencing in degraded alpine grasslands may have further exacerbated grassland degradation. These results suggest that fencing in cold-season pasture from the EPRP did not achieve the objective of restoring grasslands under severe livestock overloading in the TRH region over the study period. These findings provide a significant basis for improving ecological protection and restoration policies in the TRH region.

由于全球气候变化和人类活动的影响，三江源地区的高寒草地遭受了严重的退化。围栏是中国政府实施的生态保护与修复工程在青藏高原地区实施的一项重大对策。EPRP的围栏是为了保证生长季节的禁牧和寒冷季节的轮牧。然而，以往的研究中围栏排除了整个生长季节的放牧，这与EPRP有很大的不同。因此，根据以往的研究，围栏对TRH区EPRP的保护作用无法得到证实。利用2005 - 2017年TRH地区39个EPRP围栏样点的野外观测数据，利用普通最小二乘法分析了植被和生殖枝高、植被覆盖度和地上生物量的变化趋势。结果表明：研究期间，营养枝高、生殖枝高和植被盖度分别显著降低34.8%、38.2%和5.4% （P < 0.05）。禾本科和苏科的生物量比例分别下降了48.2%和23.9% (P < 0.05)，毒草和可食牧草的生物量比例分别增加了170.3%和42.0% （P < 0.10）。这表明EPRP对围栏样地草地质量的影响有所下降。草原质量下降的主要原因可能是寒季牲畜超载严重。在已退化的高寒草地上，篱下杂草和毒草的竞争优势可能进一步加剧了草地的退化。这些结果表明，在研究期间，青藏高原冷季牧场围篱并没有达到恢复草原的目的。这些发现为完善TRH地区的生态保护和恢复政策提供了重要依据。

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引用次数: 0

Herbicide Applications in California Dryland Perennial Grasses Improve Forage Yield and Crop Coverage 除草剂在加州旱地多年生牧草上的应用提高了饲料产量和作物盖度

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2025.07.009

Josh Davy , Ryan Hill , Larry Forero

Summer dormant perennial grasses in the annual rangelands of California’s foothills must be managed to maintain productivity. Weed invasion can reduce forage quality and stand persistence and information is lacking on best practices for weed management. Trials were established to assess the effects of indaziflam, rimsulfuron, and aminopyralid herbicides on nine perennial grass species. Herbicide treatments were applied seven years after planting and effects on crop coverage and forage biomass production were evaluated for two growing seasons. Treatment effects on weed populations, perennial grass coverage, and forage biomass varied by planted species. Generally, medusahead invasion was promoted by rimsulfuron treatments, yellow star-thistle was only abundant in the unplanted control, and hare barley was reduced by aminopyralid and indaziflam treatments. The lowest perennial grass coverage was typically observed in the untreated control and the lowest biomass was typically associated with indaziflam treatments. Coverage of wheatgrass and orchard grass varieties was improved by indaziflam treatments. Coverage of Harding grass varieties tended to be greatest in plots treated with rimsulfuron and the highest overall biomass and coverage was achieved in "Perla" koleagrass treated with 70 g ai ha^-1 rimsulfuron. Aminopyralid treatments resulted in variable crop coverage effects, but often improved forage biomass through promotion of annual ryegrass.

加州山麓一年生牧场的夏季休眠多年生草必须加以管理，以保持生产力。杂草入侵会降低牧草质量和林分持久性，而且缺乏关于杂草管理最佳做法的信息。建立了吲哚氟仑、利姆磺隆和氨基吡啶类除草剂对9种多年生牧草的药效试验。在种植7年后施用除草剂，对作物盖度和牧草生物量的影响进行了两个生长季节的评估。处理对杂草种群、多年生牧草盖度和牧草生物量的影响因种而异。一般情况下，利姆磺隆处理促进了medusahead的入侵，黄星蓟只在未种植的对照中大量繁殖，而氨基吡啶和茚地夫兰处理减少了大麦的入侵。多年生牧草盖度最低的典型是未处理对照，而生物量最低的典型是茚地氟姆处理。茚地夫兰处理提高了小麦草和果园草品种的盖度。施硝磺隆处理的哈定草品种盖度最高，施硝磺隆70 g的“Perla”草总生物量和盖度最高。氨毒处理对作物盖度的影响不尽相同，但通常通过促进一年生黑麦草的生长来提高牧草生物量。

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引用次数: 0

Long-Term Legacy of Juniper Encroachment: Increased Infiltration and Reduced Compaction a Decade After Mortality 桧树入侵的长期遗产：死亡后十年增加渗透和减少压实

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2025.07.007

Austin R. Kelly , Pedro A.M. Leite , John W. Walker , Bradford P. Wilcox

Woody plant encroachment has altered many rangelands across North America, not only causing substantial changes in ecological and biophysical processes but often converting vast areas of grasslands and savannas into closed-canopy woodlands. While much research has documented impacts that living trees have on their surroundings (such as increases in soil infiltration and organic matter), very little is known about the legacy left by trees after their death or removal. In this study, we examined the legacy of juniper trees, one of the most widespread encroaching woody genera across North America, in the Edwards Plateau region of Texas that were determined to have died during a drought in 2011. Data were collected under canopies of both dead and living junipers, as well as in herbaceous intercanopy, where no trees are known to have grown. The parameters measured were soil infiltrability and compaction. We found that infiltrability of soils under canopies of both live (776 mm h^-1) and dead (501 mm h^-1) trees were significantly higher than in intercanopy areas (132 mm h^-1). Soil compaction was significantly lower under dead trees than in the intercanopy spaces, though compaction under live trees was not significantly distinct. These results suggest that even 10 years after tree death, the positive influences on soil physical properties persist or increase. Further, our findings suggest that the process of juniper encroachment and subsequent dieback (due to either natural causes or management practices) may be an effective method for improving long-term soil development.

木本植物的入侵改变了北美的许多牧场，不仅引起了生态和生物物理过程的实质性变化，而且经常将大片草原和稀树草原转变为封闭的林冠林地。虽然许多研究已经记录了活的树木对周围环境的影响（例如土壤渗透和有机物质的增加），但对树木死亡或移除后留下的遗产知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们研究了德克萨斯州爱德华兹高原地区2011年干旱期间死亡的杜松树的遗产，这是北美最普遍的木本属之一。数据是在死桧和活桧的树冠下收集的，以及在没有树木生长的草本树冠间收集的。测量的参数为土壤渗透性和压实性。研究发现，活树（776 mm h-1）和死树（501 mm h-1）树冠下土壤的渗透性均显著高于树冠间（132 mm h-1）。枯树下土壤压实度显著低于林间空间，而活树下土壤压实度差异不显著。这些结果表明，即使树木死亡10年后，对土壤物理性质的积极影响仍然存在或增加。此外，我们的研究结果表明，杜松入侵和随后的枯死（由于自然原因或管理措施）可能是改善土壤长期发展的有效方法。

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