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Editorial Board/Journal Info

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1550-7424(25)00007-7

引用次数: 0

Impact of Patch‐Burn Grazing on Vegetation Composition and Structure in Subtropical Humid Grasslands

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.11.003

Elizabeth H. Boughton , Grégory Sonnier , Nuria Gomez-Casanovas , Carl Bernacchi , Evan DeLucia , Jed Sparks , Hilary Swain , Emily Anderson , Keith Brinsko , Akiem M. Gough , Luca W. Kuziel , Lydia Landau , Haoyu Li , Nicholas A. McMillan , Alma L. Reyes , Alan Rivero , Amartya Saha , Julie Sorfleet , Amanda West , Maya Zambrano-Lee

Pyric herbivory, a process by which grazing is driven by fire, has been shown to create heterogeneity in fire-prone grasslands. Patch-burn grazing (PBG) is a management tool used to harness pyric herbivory and contrasts with full burn (FB) which fosters homogeneity. Here we provide a comprehensive assessment of plant communities (vegetation composition, diversity, and heterogeneity), soil characteristics, and fire fuel consumption responses to PBG as compared to FB management in two different pasture-types (intensively managed pastures [IMP] vs. less intensely managed seminatural pastures [SNP]) in subtropical, humid grasslands in Florida, USA. In 2017, we established 16 experimental pastures at Archbold Biological Station's Buck Island Ranch that were 16-ha each, eight in IMP and eight in SNP. Of the eight pastures in each pasture-type, four were fully burned in 2017 (FB) while in the other four, one-third of the pasture was burned each year for three years (2017, 2018, and 2019) (PBG). PBG-treated pastures were expected to have greater plant richness, diversity, and structural heterogeneity due to the creation of patch contrast while in FB pastures, we expected homogeneous vegetation structure because patches would all have the same fire history. Fuel consumption by fire was greater in SNP vs. IMP and in burned patches within PBG vs. similar-size areas in FB. Recently burned patches had greater total native richness and Shannon diversity, driven by greater numbers and cover of forbs and sedges, but the magnitude of this response varied among years. PBG pastures had greater structural heterogeneity shortly after fire but this disappeared by the end of the growing season. PBG benefits both conservation and production goals in SNP, but incentive programs may be required to implement PBG in IMP to offset losses in forage production while gaining increased height heterogeneity and potential increases in vegetation diversity.

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the Cost of Hospital Building Materials: Effects of Temperature-Precipitation-Flood Dynamics on Landuse and Landcover

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.11.007

You Min , Chen Sheng , Muhammad Rizwan Quddusi , Rana Waqar Aslam , Hammad Mehmood , Syed Yasir Usman , M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud , Muhammad Azeem Liaquat , Rana Muhammad Zulqarnain

This study evaluates the economic implications of hospital building materials in relation to hydro-climatological changes and their impacts on land use and land cover (LULC) dynamics in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, from 2010 to 2013. Our objectives were to analyze temperature, precipitation, and flood patterns, assess their effects on building material costs, and examine subsequent LULC changes through Remote Sensing and GIS techniques. Using MODIS satellite imagery and meteorological data, we found significant correlations between climatic variables and construction costs, with temperatures ranging from 15°C to 38°C and monthly rainfall peaking at 611mm in 2011. Climate Impact Assessment revealed that extreme weather events, particularly flooding affecting 30,633 km² in 2013, substantially influenced building material durability and costs. Resource availability analysis showed that rangeland area decreased from 30,522 km² to 25,435 km², affecting local construction material sourcing. Water discharge data demonstrated seasonal variations correlating with flooding events, with peak discharge reaching 16,844 m³/s, directly impacting construction site accessibility and material transportation costs. The study found that flood-prone areas experienced up to 25% higher construction costs due to necessary flood-resistant materials and design modifications. These findings highlight the critical relationship between climatic factors, resource availability, and hospital construction costs, providing valuable insights for construction planners and healthcare facility managers to develop cost-effective and climate-resilient building strategies.

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引用次数: 0

Roles of Maasai Alalili Systems in Sustainable Conservation of Fodder Species of East African Rangelands 马赛Alalili系统在东非牧场饲料物种可持续保护中的作用

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.10.007

Elkana Hezron, Issakwisa B. Ngondya, Linus K. Munishi

Alalili systems are among the indigenous rangeland management strategies that face pressures from unsustainable land use practices and impacts of climate change. We aimed to establish the vascular fodder plants' composition and abundance, compared with historical vegetation data to understand their evolution and trends to inform sustainable management of rangelands in northern Tanzania. The vegetation composition of the northern Tanzania rangelands surveyed before the 1980s was compared to empirical data from a vegetation survey of Alalili in 2022. A cross-sectional design using purposive and stratified random sampling techniques was applied during the field survey. The quadrat count method was used to estimate the composition and diversity of fodder taxa in Alalili systems. Secondary data from the northern Tanzania rangelands before the 1980s were collected through a systematic literature review. Key informant interviews, focused group discussions, and household surveys were used to gather information about the community's knowledge of historical quality changes in the rangelands. Our results indicate that, before the 1980s, the rangelands of northern Tanzania had relatively higher fodder species composition (127 woody and 119 herbaceous species) than the Alalili systems in 2022 (119 woody and 82 herbaceous species). Fodder species composition and diversity were relatively higher in communal than in private Alalili (t = 4.18, P < 0.001). At the same time, the species density was lower in communal than in private Alalili (t = -2.7272, P = 0.008). This work suggests that Alalili systems still hold substantial diverse fodder plants that most northern Tanzanian rangelands used to harbor before the 1980s. Therefore, they can be considered reservoirs of vital fodder species that can be used to restore degraded rangeland areas in northern Tanzania and elsewhere.

Alalili系统是面临不可持续土地利用做法和气候变化影响压力的土著牧场管理战略之一。我们的目的是建立维管饲料植物的组成和丰度，并与历史植被数据进行比较，以了解它们的演变和趋势，为坦桑尼亚北部牧场的可持续管理提供信息。将20世纪80年代之前调查的坦桑尼亚北部牧场的植被组成与2022年Alalili植被调查的经验数据进行了比较。在实地调查中，采用了有目的分层随机抽样技术的横断面设计。采用样方计数法估算了Alalili系统中饲料类群的组成和多样性。通过系统的文献综述收集了20世纪80年代以前坦桑尼亚北部牧场的次要数据。采用关键信息者访谈、焦点小组讨论和入户调查等方法收集社区对牧场历史质量变化的认识。结果表明，在20世纪80年代之前，坦桑尼亚北部牧场的饲料种类组成（127种木本和119种草本）在2022年相对高于Alalili系统（119种木本和82种草本）。群落禾草的饲料种类组成和多样性高于群落禾草(t = 4.18,P <；0.001)。群落群落的物种密度低于群落群落（t = -2.7272,P = 0.008）。这项工作表明，Alalili系统仍然拥有大量多样化的饲料植物，这些植物在20世纪80年代之前曾是坦桑尼亚北部大多数牧场的栖息地。因此，它们可被视为重要饲料物种的储存库，可用于恢复坦桑尼亚北部和其他地方退化的牧场地区。

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引用次数: 0

Changes in Plant Composition Following Disturbance in Restored Native Early Successional Communities 原生早期演替群落恢复后植物组成的变化

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.10.006

Bonner L. Powell , J. Wade GeFellers , David A. Buehler , Christopher E. Moorman , John M. Zobel , Craig A. Harper

Restoration of nonnative grasslands to native early successional plant communities has been a conservation focus throughout the United States for several decades. In the eastern US, where precipitation exceeds 1 000 mm per year, disturbance is necessary following restoration to prevent early successional communities from progressing into woody-dominated midsuccessional communities. Resulting plant composition may vary among disturbance practices, and knowledge of such effects will help direct maintenance of restored native early seral plant communities. We evaluated the effects of the two most common disturbance practices, prescribed fire and mowing, following restoration of nonnative grasslands to native plant communities via two methods: 1) planting native grasses and 2) forbs and seedbank response without planting, across 11 replicated sites in Tennessee and Alabama, 2018–2020. Specifically, we evaluated how disturbance altered vegetation composition following four treatment combinations (planted mowed, planted burned, seedbank mowed, and seedbank burned) and tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) control from predisturbance conditions. Grass coverage increased in all treatment units, but tended to increase more in mowed treatments than burned treatments. Forb coverage declined in all treatments except seedbank burned, where it increased. Similarly, spring-, summer-, and fall-flowering forbs, which are the focus of conservation programs designed to enhance habitat for pollinators, increased most in seedbank burned. Species richness decreased across all treatments and control, except seedbank burned, where it increased. The species evenness did not differ by treatment. Our results provide insight into how disturbance techniques may alter plant community composition soon after restoration. We recommend managers use prescribed fire instead of mowing if increased forb coverage is important to meet objectives. Furthermore, our results highlight how planting native grasses and forbs is not necessary to restore native early successional plant communities on most sites dominated by nonnative grasses in the eastern United States, where precipitation is not limiting succession.

几十年来，将非原生草地恢复为原生早期演替植物群落一直是美国的一个保护重点。在美国东部，当年降水量超过1 000 mm时，在恢复后必须进行干扰，以防止早期演替群落向以木材为主的中期演替群落发展。由此产生的植物组成可能因干扰行为而异，了解这种影响将有助于直接维持恢复的原生早期植物群落。2018-2020年，我们在田纳西州和阿拉巴马州的11个重复地点评估了两种最常见的干扰措施（规定火灾和割草）对非原生草地恢复到原生植物群落的影响：1)种植原生草和2)不种植牧草和种子库响应。具体来说，我们评估了四种处理组合（种植刈割、种植焚烧、种子库刈割和种子库焚烧）和高羊茅（Schedonorus arundinaceus）在干扰前的控制下如何改变植被组成。所有处理单元的草盖度均有所增加，但割草处理的草盖度增幅大于烧草处理。除种子库燃烧外，其他处理的植被覆盖度均有所下降。同样，春、夏、秋三季开花的植物——旨在改善传粉昆虫栖息地的保护项目的重点——在种子库烧毁中增加最多。物种丰富度在所有处理和对照中都有所下降，但种子库燃烧的物种丰富度有所增加。物种均匀性不因处理而异。我们的研究结果提供了干扰技术如何在恢复后不久改变植物群落组成的见解。我们建议管理者使用规定的火力，而不是割草，如果增加牧草覆盖是重要的，以满足目标。此外，我们的研究结果强调，在降水不限制演替的美国东部大多数以非本地草为主的地点，种植本地禾草和forbs对于恢复本地早期演替植物群落是不必要的。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) Canopy Diameter and Stand Canopy Cover on Aboveground Biomass and Composition in the Northern Great Plains Mixed-Grass Prairie 东部红杉（Juniperus virginia L.）的影响北方大平原混交草草原林冠直径和林分盖度对地上生物量和组成的影响

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.10.010

Austin Domeier , Lan Xu , Gary Hatfield , Alexander J. Smart

Eastern redcedar (ERC) (Juniperus virginiana L.) trees are invading prairies throughout the Great Plains. This encroachment poses a threat to native plant communities in terms of their production, regeneration, and diversity. The objectives of this study were to determine how ERC canopies impact herbaceous biomass production and composition. Square quadrats (0.25 m²) were placed in four cardinal directions underneath canopies of ERC trees ranging from 0.1–10 m in diameter and at grassland control locations. We collected herbaceous foliar cover by species and biomass estimates underneath 326 ERC trees and at 240 grassland control locations among two sites totaling 1381 samples overall. We found herbaceous biomass production underneath ERC canopies decreased exponentially with increasing ERC canopy diameter with 63–97% reduction under trees with canopies larger than 2 m. Also, biomass decreased linearly with increasing ERC stand canopy cover (%) at nearly a 1:1 ratio. Mean foliar cover for all species, Floristic Quality Index, species richness, and native species richness decreased as individual ERC canopy diameter increased. Results indicate that ERC encroachment is not only reducing herbaceous biomass production, but it is also altering the composition of plant communities. This highlights the importance of ERC control on grasslands and provides landowners with data that can be applied to their individual operation. To maintain or restore native grasslands, we suggest the removal of ERC through prescribed fire and/or mechanical removal every 5–10 years. Following these management strategies should maintain a healthy grassland system.

东部红杉（ERC）（Juniperus virginia L.）树木正在入侵整个大平原的草原。这种入侵对本地植物群落的生产、再生和多样性构成了威胁。本研究的目的是确定ERC冠层如何影响草本生物量的生产和组成。在直径0.1-10 m的ERC树树冠下和草地控制点的四个基本方向上放置方形样方（0.25 m2）。我们收集了326棵ERC树和240个草地控制点的草本叶面覆盖度和生物量估算值，共1381个样本。研究发现，随着ERC冠层直径的增加，ERC冠层下草本生物量呈指数型下降，冠层大于2 m的树木生物量减少63-97%。生物量随ERC林分冠层盖度的增加呈近似1:1的线性下降。各物种平均叶面盖度、植物区系质量指数、物种丰富度和本地物种丰富度均随ERC冠层直径的增大而减小。结果表明，ERC的入侵不仅减少了草本生物量，而且改变了植物群落的组成。这突出了ERC对草原控制的重要性，并为土地所有者提供了可应用于其个人经营的数据。为了维持或恢复原生草地，我们建议每5-10年通过规定的火灾和/或机械清除ERC。遵循这些管理策略，应该保持一个健康的草原系统。

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引用次数: 0

Trends in the Outcomes, Practice, and Law of Low-Tech Process-Based Restoration in Western Rangelands 西部草地低技术过程修复的成果、实践与规律趋势

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.032

Julianne Scamardo , Will Munger , Kelly Loria , Benjamin Nauman , Junna Wang , Sara Leopold , Anne Heggli , Nancy Huntly , Michelle Baker , Alison M. Meadow

Low tech process-based restoration (LTPBR) is increasingly used to improve river corridor resilience to diverse stressors introduced by changing land use, climate, and water usage. However, the future of LTPBR depends on multiple physical, ecological, and social factors, including the influence of water availability on LTPBR outcomes and the legal capacity for future restoration in water-limited environments. A growing body of scientific and legal literature on LTPBR allows for a quantitative, regional comparison of LTPBR projects to understand: (1) How do physical characteristics of LTPBR projects (including structure type, number, and local setting) influence the magnitude of change following LTPBR? and (2) How are social dimensions related to practitioner attitudes and water law impacting LTPBR? We evaluated data from 65 LTPBR projects in the western U.S. that used natural beaver dams, beaver dam analogues, or one-rock dams to quantify trends in commonly measured outcomes with geographic location, project size, and local precipitation. We additionally reviewed water law in five states across the western U.S. and interviewed 13 restoration practitioners to consider the social dimensions of LTPBR. Results show that LTPBR projects significantly increased water storage, sediment storage, and riparian vegetation greenness, and that outcomes vary significantly with mean annual precipitation, time since restoration, and LTPBR type. Trends suggest that LTPBR could provide expected outcomes across western rangelands even amid changing water availability. Changes to state-level water laws and perceptions of social benefits of LTPBR could support the expansion of stream restoration in rangeland streams. More monitoring and collaborations are needed to better implement, manage, and understand LTPBR projects and outcomes.

低技术含量的过程修复（LTPBR）越来越多地用于提高河流走廊对土地利用、气候和水资源利用变化带来的各种压力的恢复能力。然而，LTPBR的未来取决于多种物理、生态和社会因素，包括水资源可得性对LTPBR结果的影响，以及在缺水环境中未来恢复的法律能力。越来越多关于LTPBR的科学和法律文献允许对LTPBR项目进行定量的、区域的比较，以了解：(1)LTPBR项目的物理特征（包括结构类型、数量和当地环境）如何影响LTPBR之后的变化幅度？(2)与从业者态度和水法相关的社会维度如何影响LTPBR？我们评估了美国西部65个LTPBR项目的数据，这些项目使用了天然海狸坝、类似海狸坝或单岩坝，以量化通常测量结果与地理位置、项目规模和当地降水的趋势。我们还回顾了美国西部五个州的水法，并采访了13位恢复从业者，以考虑LTPBR的社会维度。结果表明：LTPBR项目显著增加了库水、库沙和河岸植被的绿化率，且这一结果与年平均降水量、恢复时间和LTPBR类型存在显著差异。趋势表明，即使在水资源供应不断变化的情况下，LTPBR也可以在西部牧场提供预期的结果。州级水法的改变和对LTPBR社会效益的认识可以支持在牧场溪流中扩大溪流恢复。为了更好地实施、管理和理解LTPBR项目及其成果，需要更多的监督和协作。

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引用次数: 0

Prioritizing Accuracy or Efficiency: Comparing General Allometric Models for Perennial Bunchgrass Species 准确性与效率孰优孰劣：多年生禾本科植物异速生长模型的比较

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.10.001

Scott M. Carpenter , Daniel R. Schlaepfer , Ingrid C. Burke , William K. Lauenroth

Aboveground biomass is important, yet difficult to estimate in dryland ecosystems due to high spatial heterogeneity and the variability of graminoid growth form and density. Allometric relationships are one method of estimating above-ground biomass of forage resources. These models use growth characteristics such as height or diameter to predict biomass. While allometry in forest ecosystems is common, biomass estimation in grasslands and shrublands is primarily based on harvesting or percent cover. Cover estimates vary among researchers and require double sampling at each site to create a relationship between cover and biomass. Multispecies (general) allometric models for high value forage groups, like perennial bunchgrasses, could increase the efficiency of biomass estimation by eliminating the need for destructive sampling. While some general models exist, few studies focus on the application of these models to locations outside the training populations. We tested the applicability of a general bunchgrass model to locations not included in model training against general models developed using biomass samples from our focal sites. We found that our general bunchgrass model trained on data we collected in 2019 made accurate predictions at 76% of sites and that this model outperformed a general bunchgrass model trained on data collected at different sites and by a different research group, which made accurate predictions at 64% of our sites. Despite the loss in accuracy, our study highlights the potential value in further developing general allometric equations for perennial grasses through the development of a grass database. This database may lead to the development of general models with higher confidence in extrapolation beyond the training populations increasing both efficiency and accuracy for land managers.

在旱地生态系统中，地上生物量很重要，但由于禾本科生长形式和密度的高空间异质性和变异性，地面生物量难以估计。异速生长关系是估算牧草地上生物量的一种方法。这些模型利用生长特征，如高度或直径来预测生物量。虽然森林生态系统中的异速生长很常见，但草地和灌丛的生物量估算主要基于采伐或覆盖率。研究人员对覆盖范围的估计各不相同，并且需要在每个地点进行两次采样，以建立覆盖范围和生物量之间的关系。多年生禾本科牧草等高价值牧草群的多种（一般）异速生长模型可以通过消除破坏性采样的需要来提高生物量估算的效率。虽然存在一些一般模型，但很少有研究关注这些模型在培训人群以外的地点的应用。我们测试了一般束草模型对未包括在模型训练中的位置的适用性，而不是使用我们的焦点站点的生物量样本开发的一般模型。我们发现，根据2019年收集的数据训练的一般束草模型在76%的网站上进行了准确的预测，并且该模型优于根据不同网站和不同研究小组收集的数据训练的一般束草模型，后者在64%的网站上进行了准确的预测。尽管准确性有所下降，但我们的研究强调了通过开发牧草数据库进一步开发多年生牧草的一般异速生长方程的潜在价值。这个数据库可能导致开发出一般模式，在训练人口之外的外推方面具有更高的可信度，从而提高土地管理人员的效率和准确性。

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引用次数: 0

Patchy Response of Cheatgrass and Nontarget Vegetation to Indaziflam and Imazapic Applied After Wildfire in Sagebrush Steppe 山艾草原野火后落叶草和非目标植被对吲哚吡肟和异氮吡肟的斑片响应

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.029

Chad R. Kluender , Matthew J. Germino , Brynne E. Lazarus , Ty Matthews

Control of nonnative grasses is needed where they are altering fire regimes and degrading rangelands, such as cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) invasion of perennial sagebrush-steppe communities. Aerial broadcast of the pre-emergent and postemergent herbicide imazapic has been used for decades over vast areas to control cheatgrass after fire. Recent small-scale studies indicate that the pre-emergent herbicide indaziflam may provide more enduring cheatgrass control. We evaluated landscape-level vegetation responses to indaziflam sprayed in replicated areas at 66.7 g · ai · ha⁻¹, with and without imazapic (66.1 g · ai · ha⁻¹) over almost 500 ha of sagebrush steppe. Herbicides were strip-sprayed by helicopter in the fall of 2019 in subregions that either 1) had burned in the summer of 2019 and had moderate background cheatgrass invasion, 2) had burned in 2011 and became heavily invaded, or 3) were burned in both 2011 and 2019 and had intermediate invasion. Tarps were temporarily deployed to intercept herbicides and create untreated controls. Overall, indaziflam + imazapic had greater initial control of cheatgrass, but by 2023, both treatments led to similar ∼17 percentage-point reductions in cheatgrass cover. Cheatgrass individuals that “escaped” the herbicide treatment grew exceptionally large and fecund. There were no reductions in cover in any native vegetation type, including biocrusts, and nontarget increases in cover were observed for 1) deep-rooted perennial grasses treated with indaziflam + imazapic in the 2011 burn subregion and 2) the shallow-rooted Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda) treated with either herbicide in the 2011 or 2011 + 2019 burn subregions. Consideration of burn legacies, pretreatment landscape condition, and evenness of treatment application may improve restoration outcomes and help prioritize management allocation, timing, and treatment expectations.

在非本地草改变火种和退化牧场的地方，需要对它们进行控制，例如对多年生山艾草-草原群落的入侵。几十年来，在大片地区，空中播送出生前和出生前的除草剂imazapic，以控制火灾后的欺骗草。最近的小规模研究表明，萌发前除草剂吲唑氟兰可能提供更持久的欺骗草控制。在近500公顷的山艾草草原上，我们评估了在有和没有imazapic （66.1 g·ai·ha - 1）的情况下，在66.7 g·ai·ha - 1的重复喷洒区域，茚唑氟对景观级植被的响应。2019年秋季，在1)2019年夏季燃烧过并有中度背景草入侵的分区，2)2011年燃烧过并有严重入侵的分区，或3)2011年和2019年都燃烧过并有中度入侵的分区，用直升机对除草剂进行了带状喷洒。临时部署防水布来拦截除草剂并创建未经处理的控制。总体而言，indaziflam + imazapic对草的初始控制效果更好，但到2023年，两种处理导致草覆盖减少了17个百分点。“逃脱”除草剂处理的作弊草个体长得格外高大和多产。在2011年和2011年 + 2019年烧伤分区，包括生物结皮在内的所有原生植被类型的盖度都没有减少，但在1)深根多年生草（indaziflam + imazapic）和2)浅根桑德伯格蓝草（Poa secunda）（分别在2011年和2011年 + 2019年烧伤分区使用除草剂）的盖度都出现了非目标性的增加。考虑烧伤遗产、预处理景观条件和处理应用的均匀性可以改善修复结果，并有助于优先考虑管理分配、时间和处理预期。

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引用次数: 0

How Transhumance and Pastoral Commons Shape Plant Community Structure and Composition 超牧与牧地如何塑造植物群落结构与组成

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.10.002

Santiago A. Parra , María Eugenia Ramos-Font , Elise Buisson , Ana Belén Robles , Christel Vidaller , Daniel Pavon , Virginie Baldy , Pablo Dominguez , Francisco Godoy-Sepúlveda , Hubert Mazurek , Adrià Peña-Enguix , Pau Sanosa-Cols , Emmanuel Corcket , Didier Genin

Human practices and local governance effects on plant communities is a major question in socio-ecological sustainability. Pastoralists’ practices are intricately linked to governance systems and to their social-ecological context. For example, spatial-temporal mobility arises as a means to cope with seasonal variability of forage mass. This mobility might deeply influence plant biodiversity in rangelands by changing the ratio of perennial and annual life-forms. This study focuses on the commonly governed high-altitude rangelands of Castril, Santiago and Pontones (CSP) in North-Eastern Andalusia (Spain). CSP are grounded on three pastoralist communities who have self-organized into three different governance systems, that of Castril, Santiago and Pontones, for the use of three contiguous rangelands through extensive and transhumant grazing. Pastoralists undertaking Short-Distance Transhumance (SDT) or Long-Distance Transhumance (LDT) arrive on the CSP summer rangelands in early May and June respectively. We aim to identify plant community types within CSP to unravel the effect of community-based governances found in these three commons and the impact of the different transhumance types (SDT vs. LDT) on the plant community structure and composition. For this, during spring 2022 and 2023, we carried out 72 vegetation transects (point-contact monitoring methodology) spread in Castril, Santiago and Pontones encompassing the transhumance modalities. Plant data were analyzed through a Non-metric MultiDimensional Scaling (NMDS) ordination based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index. NMDS results revealed variability within the plant community distinguishing between perennials and annuals which belong to different phytosociological classes. This variability was partially related to transhumance modalities with LDT areas showing high density of perennials, whereas SDT areas showing high density of annuals belonging to the Tuberarietea-guttatae phytosociological class. Our findings suggest that LDT areas may provide more forage mass than SDT areas during summer drought.

人类活动和地方治理对植物群落的影响是社会生态可持续性的一个主要问题。牧民的做法与治理体系及其社会生态背景有着错综复杂的联系。例如，时空流动性是应对牧草质量季节性变化的一种手段。这种流动性可能通过改变多年生和一年生生物的比例而深刻地影响着草地植物的生物多样性。本研究的重点是西班牙安达卢西亚东北部卡斯特里尔、圣地亚哥和蓬托尼斯（CSP）共同管理的高海拔牧场。CSP以三个牧民社区为基础，他们自我组织成三种不同的治理体系，分别是卡斯特里尔、圣地亚哥和蓬托雷斯，通过广泛和流动的放牧使用三个连续的牧场。进行短途或长途迁徙的牧民分别在5月初和6月初到达CSP夏季牧场。我们的目标是确定CSP内的植物群落类型，以揭示在这三个公地中发现的以社区为基础的治理的影响，以及不同的迁移类型（SDT与LDT）对植物群落结构和组成的影响。为此，在2022年和2023年春季，我们在卡斯德里尔、圣地亚哥和蓬托内斯开展了72个植被样带（点接触监测方法），涵盖了跨放牧模式。采用基于Bray-Curtis不相似度指数的非度量多维尺度（NMDS）排序方法对植物数据进行分析。NMDS结果揭示了多年生植物和一年生植物在不同植物社会学分类中的多样性。这种变异性部分与越牧方式有关，LDT区多年生植物密度高，而SDT区属于tuberariietea -guttatae植物社会学类的一年生植物密度高。我们的研究结果表明，在夏季干旱期间，LDT区可能比SDT区提供更多的饲料质量。

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