Rangeland Ecology & Management最新文献_第6页

Effects of Long-Term Grazing Exclosure and Plateau Pika Disturbance on Biochemical Cycling in an Alpine Meadow, West China 长期封育和高原鼠兔干扰对高寒草甸生物化学循环的影响

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2025.09.010

Chengyi Li , Yuanwu Yang , Xinhui Li , Xilai Li

Grazing exclusion and excessive disturbance by plateau pika can change grassland carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles, with their effect being particularly pronounced in areas affected by overgrazing. Specifically, grazing exclusion mitigates soil disturbance and vegetation damage caused by grazing in such regions, while plateau pika of a high population density can further regulate nutrient cycling processes through behaviors like burrowing and herbivory. These two sets of changes also exert impacts on net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE). However, the regulatory role of such nutrient cycle changes and NEE in response to grassland degradation remains largely unknown. Here, we conducted a 10-year fenced experiment with three treatments including regular grazing (CK), fenced without (FN) pika and with pika (FP) disturbance to explore the linkage between NEE and plant-soil C:N:P stoichiometry in long-term (up to 10 years) grazing-excluded and plateau pika-disturbed alpine meadows. Results showed that compared with fenced meadows devoid of pika disturbance, the regularly grazed meadows had significantly reduced microbial biomass carbon, above-ground biomass and NEE, but no significant differences in the elemental concentrations and ratio in leaves, roots, or soil. Plateau pika disturbance further reduced leaf N and P, soil C, N, and P, above-ground biomass and NEE, while increasing leaf C:N and C:P ratios, compared to fenced meadows without plateau pika. In contrast, P concentrations in roots were reduced significantly in the enclosed pika-active meadows, together with the pre-existing reduction in leaves and soil, resulting in increased leaf C:N, C:P, N:P, root N:P, and microbial C:N, and C:P, compared to the regularly grazed meadows. Leaf element concentrations and ratios have a direct effect on NEE, and soil element concentrations and their ratios have an indirect effect on NEE by affecting above-ground biomass and microbial element concentrations. Our results emphasize that above- and below-ground C:N:P stoichiometry strongly regulated NEE, and incorporating C:N:P stoichiometry into next generation Earth system models may improve predictions of climate-grassland feedbacks in the Anthropocene. Additionally, targeted rodent control may be necessary to restore grassland balance in post-enclosure pika-disturbed areas.

禁牧和高原鼠兔的过度干扰会改变草地的碳(C)、氮(N)和磷(P)循环，在过度放牧地区影响尤为明显。其中，禁牧可以缓解放牧对土壤的扰动和植被的破坏，而高种群密度的高原鼠兔可以通过掘洞和食草等行为进一步调节养分循环过程。这两组变化也对生态系统净碳交换（NEE）产生影响。然而，这种养分循环变化和NEE在草地退化响应中的调节作用在很大程度上仍然未知。本研究通过为期10年的围栏试验，探讨了长期（长达10年）不放牧和高原鼠兔干扰的高寒草甸NEE与植物-土壤C:N:P化学计量的关系，包括常规放牧（CK）、不放牧（FN）鼠兔和有鼠兔干扰（FP）的围栏处理。结果表明：与没有鼠兔干扰的围栏草地相比，定期放牧草地的微生物生物量碳、地上生物量和NEE显著降低，但叶片、根系和土壤的元素浓度和比例无显著差异；高原鼠兔干扰进一步降低了草地叶片N、P、土壤C、N、P、地上生物量和NEE，提高了草地叶片C:N和C:P比值。与常规放牧的草甸相比，围封鼠兔活跃的草甸根系中磷的浓度显著降低，加之原有的叶片和土壤的减少，导致叶片C:N、C:P、N:P、根系N:P和微生物C:N、C:P显著增加。叶片元素浓度和比例直接影响新能源经济性，土壤元素浓度及其比例通过影响地上生物量和微生物元素浓度间接影响新能源经济性。我们的研究结果强调，地上和地下的C:N:P化学计量学对NEE有很强的调节作用，将C:N:P化学计量学纳入下一代地球系统模型可能会改善人类世气候-草地反馈的预测。此外，有针对性的鼠患控制可能是恢复围封后鼠患区草地平衡的必要措施。

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引用次数: 0

Season and Migration Strategies Influence Mule Deer Response to Landscape Mosaic 季节和迁徙策略对骡鹿对景观马赛克反应的影响

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2025.07.003

Elizabeth M. Schuyler , Lisa M. Ellsworth , Dana M. Sanchez , Donald G. Whittaker

Landscape-scale ecosystem degradation in the western United States has been attributed to altered fire regimes, tree expansion into shrublands, and the invasion of exotic annual grasses. These changes have impacted populations of many wildlife species, including mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). We examined how wildfire, dominant vegetation type, western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) cover, vegetation productivity, and elevation influenced seasonal habitat selection for a population of mule deer that exhibits mixed-migration strategies. We used 51 416 global positioning system locations collected from adult (>1.5-yr-old) female mule deer to develop three separate population-level resource selection functions for the shared winter range (n = 148; December–March) and migratory summer range (n = 94; June–August), and resident summer range (n = 34). We found that both migratory and resident deer used older burns (11–20 yr) on summer ranges. Conversely, deer used more recent burns (<10 yr) more than unburned areas during winter. During the winter, deer also used areas with little juniper cover (<10%) and patches dominated by exotic grass. Our results indicate that wildfire has both positive and negative effects on mule deer habitat selection, depending on the season and age of burn. Furthermore, our results identify a threshold of juniper canopy cover selected by mule deer on their winter range.

美国西部景观尺度的生态系统退化被认为是由于火灾制度的改变、树木向灌木地的扩张以及外来一年生草的入侵。这些变化影响了许多野生动物物种的种群，包括骡鹿（Odocoileus hemionus）。我们研究了野火、优势植被类型、西部杜松（Juniperus occidentalis）覆盖、植被生产力和海拔如何影响具有混合迁移策略的骡鹿种群的季节性栖息地选择。我们利用从成年（>；1.5岁）雌性骡鹿收集的51 416个全球定位系统位置，开发了三个单独的种群水平资源选择函数，用于共享冬季范围(n = 148；12 - 3月)和夏季迁徙范围(n = 94；6 - 8月)和夏季栖息区（n = 34）。我们发现，在夏季范围内，迁徙鹿和居住鹿都使用较老的烧伤（11-20年）。相反，鹿在冬季使用较新的烧伤（<；10年）比未燃烧的区域更多。在冬季，鹿也会在杜松覆盖较少的地区（10%）和以外来草为主的斑块中活动。研究结果表明，野火对骡鹿生境选择既有积极影响，也有消极影响，这取决于燃烧的季节和年龄。此外，我们的结果还确定了骡鹿在其冬季活动范围内选择的杜松冠层覆盖阈值。

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引用次数: 0

Implications of Climate Change for the Distribution of the Invasive Grass Genus Nassella in South Africa and Lesotho 气候变化对南非和莱索托入侵草属纳塞拉分布的影响

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2025.09.004

Anthony Mapaura , Kim Canavan , David M. Richardson , Joao de Deus Vidal Junior , V. Ralph Clark , Sandy-Lynn Steenhuisen

Three South American Nassella species (N. neesiana, N. tenuissima and N. trichotoma) have naturalized in South Africa but have not yet been reported in Lesotho. Of these, N. tenuissima and N. trichotoma have been recognized as serious invaders since the 1970s. Assessing their current and future distributions is crucial for understanding the threats they pose in both countries. This study addressed the following questions: 1) What key bioclimatic variables control the geographical distribution of these species? 2) What is the current potential distribution range? and 3) What is the future potential distribution under three carbon-emission scenarios using estimates for the period 2071–2100? Nine non-collinear predictors from the CHELSEA database were selected for Maxent species distribution models. These models were projected under future climate scenarios, incorporating three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) from five global circulation models. Results showed that temperature-related variables, particularly mean diurnal range, were critical for all species, while precipitation in the driest month also influenced N. trichotoma. Results suggest that all three species can potentially occupy a greater area than they currently occupy. While highly suitable area is predicted to contract for all species, the Maloti-Drakensberg region—including in Lesotho—is predicted to become increasingly suitable. This poses a severe risk to the endemic-rich biodiversity and rangeland productivity. Much of Lesotho is affected by overgrazing and other disturbances which favor Nassella establishment. Proactive surveillance directed at early detection of Nassella incursion into Lesotho should be given high priority.

三种南美纳塞拉（neesiana N. neesiana， N. tenuissima和N. trichotoma）已在南非归化，但尚未在莱索托报告。其中，tenuissima和trichotoma自20世纪70年代以来被认为是严重的入侵者。评估它们目前和未来的分布对于了解它们在这两个国家构成的威胁至关重要。本研究解决了以下问题：1)哪些关键的生物气候变量控制了这些物种的地理分布？2)当前的潜在分布范围是什么？3)在三种碳排放情景下，使用2071-2100年的估计值，未来的潜在分布是什么？从CHELSEA数据库中选择9个非共线性预测因子用于Maxent物种分布模型。这些模型在未来气候情景下进行了预估，纳入了来自五个全球环流模型的三个共享社会经济路径（ssp）。结果表明，温度相关变量，特别是平均日差，对所有物种都至关重要，而最干旱月份的降水也会影响赤眼蜂。结果表明，这三个物种可能占据比目前更大的面积。虽然所有物种的高度适宜区域预计都将缩小，但马洛蒂-德拉肯斯堡地区（包括莱索托）预计将变得越来越适宜。这对地方性丰富的生物多样性和牧场生产力构成严重威胁。莱索托的大部分地区都受到过度放牧和其他干扰的影响，这些干扰有利于纳塞拉的建立。应高度优先重视旨在及早发现纳塞拉入侵莱索托的主动监测。

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引用次数: 0

US Beef Cattle Inventory Trends With Implications for Land Use and Rangelands 美国肉牛库存趋势及其对土地利用和牧场的影响

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2025.01.007

Hana Fancher , Amy Nagler , John Ritten , J.D. Wulfhorst

The US beef industry faces multiple challenges to social sustainability and community security, manifesting differently across regions, states, communities, and operations. Using industry-related economic data, we explore a spatial history leading to the current relationship between the number of cattle and the number and size of producers.

Cattle inventory alongside beef production data provides evidence of how the industry has become more efficient. Considering inventory by region and sector allows a more nuanced understanding. At the broadest scale, we document trends of cattle moving northward to the central part of the country as well as into more concentrated operations.

Animals are not dispersed equally across various cattle production operations. Over time, the beef industry has changed to include fewer total operations and a greater proportion of smaller cattle operations. Again, there is notable spatial variation, with a greater proportion of large ranches in western regions compared with eastern regions.

The combination of cattle inventory and operation size – the tension between resilience and efficiency – will affect the trajectory, viability, and security of the industry. One of the most defining features of the industry is the diversity of operations that enables the industry to thrive in the face of evolving challenges.

Amidst these challenges and the shifting structure of beef production, millions of acres of grazing lands face potential land-use changes, with increased stock densities in some areas and loss of grazing animals in others. Understanding historical and spatial trends in cattle inventories and operations allows cattle producers and industry partners to better face risk implications and adapt to changes in regional production and marketing infrastructure, with clear implications for rangeland management needs.

美国牛肉产业面临着社会可持续性和社区安全的多重挑战，在不同地区、州、社区和运营中表现不同。利用与产业相关的经济数据，我们探索了一个空间历史，导致牛的数量和生产者的数量和规模之间的当前关系。牛的库存和牛肉生产数据提供了该行业如何变得更有效率的证据。按地区和行业来考虑库存可以让我们有更细致的了解。在最广泛的范围内，我们记录了牛向北移动到该国中部地区以及进入更集中的操作的趋势。动物并没有均匀地分布在不同的牛生产操作中。随着时间的推移，牛肉产业发生了变化，包括更少的总操作和更大比例的小型牛操作。同样存在显著的空间差异，西部地区大牧场比例高于东部地区。牲畜存栏量和经营规模的结合——弹性和效率之间的紧张关系——将影响该行业的发展轨迹、生存能力和安全性。该行业最显著的特征之一是运营的多样性，这使该行业能够在不断变化的挑战中蓬勃发展。在这些挑战和牛肉生产结构的转变中，数百万英亩的牧场面临着土地利用的潜在变化，一些地区的牲畜密度增加，另一些地区的放牧动物减少。了解牛库存和经营的历史和空间趋势，可以使牛生产者和行业合作伙伴更好地面对风险影响并适应区域生产和销售基础设施的变化，这对牧场管理需求具有明确的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Providing Temporal Context to Channel Morphological Dynamics in Great Plains Intermittent Streams 大平原间歇河流河道形态动态的时间背景研究

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2025.09.001

Benjamin Menapace , Miranda Meehan , Garret Hecker , Peter O’Brien

State and transition models (STMs) are used by landowners to make land management decisions by providing insight into the processes that govern degradation and recovery of ecosystems. Intensive monitoring and inclusion of long-term data is critical for an advanced understanding of riparian ecosystem dynamics and stream channel morphology. This study used repeated measures of stream channel morphology on intermittent streams in low gradient alluvial valleys to assess transitions for improved riparian STM development. Cross sectional and longitudinal surveys of channel morphology were conducted five to seven years apart. Each site was assigned a channel type and stability class so transitions between classifications could be compared. Analysis of multiple channel stability metrics and the multivariate trajectory of sites over time revealed general trends toward stability across the study area. Channels that were initially observed in a stabilizing state and channels that changed stability class had the greatest degree of change over time. This study supports the theory that destabilized channels will always seek an alternative stable state. Stabilizing channels are in a state of building resistance and resilience. Management of stabilizing channels should include practices that promote floodplain development through the establishment of riparian plant communities. This study provides context for the length of time that the stages of channel evolution take on intermittent streams in the Northern Great Plains. Managers are able to make well informed decisions when provided with a time frame for the changes a management practice is expected to support.

状态和过渡模型（STMs）被土地所有者用来通过深入了解控制生态系统退化和恢复的过程来做出土地管理决策。深入监测和纳入长期数据对于深入了解河岸生态系统动态和河道形态至关重要。本研究对低坡度冲积河谷间歇溪流的河道形态进行了重复测量，以评估改善河岸STM发展的转变。河道形态的横断面和纵向调查间隔5至7年进行。每个站点都被分配了通道类型和稳定性类别，以便可以比较分类之间的转换。对多通道稳定性指标和站点随时间变化的多变量轨迹的分析揭示了整个研究区域稳定的总体趋势。最初观察到的处于稳定状态的通道和改变稳定等级的通道随着时间的推移变化程度最大。这项研究支持了不稳定通道总是寻求另一种稳定状态的理论。稳定通道处于建立阻力和弹性的状态。稳定河道的管理应包括通过建立河岸植物群落促进洪泛区发展的做法。该研究为北部大平原间歇河流河道演化阶段的时间长度提供了背景。当为管理实践期望支持的变更提供时间框架时，管理人员能够做出明智的决策。

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引用次数: 0

Simulated Impacts of Stocking Rate and Climate Change Impact on Biomass and Livestock Weight Dynamics in Savanna Grassland 载畜率和气候变化对热带稀树草原生物量和牲畜体重动态的模拟影响

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2025.10.004

Yeneayehu Fenetahun , Wang Yongdong , You Yuan , Ogbue Chukwuka , Yahaya Ibrahim , Xu Xinwen

Savanna grasslands are important ecosystems on a worldwide scale, supporting human livelihoods through grazing while serving as habitats for a variety of flora and wildlife. In this research, the complex interactions between climate change, grazing patterns, and their combined effects on the dynamics of livestock weight and biomass in savanna ecosystems are examined by using Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum System (SPACSYS) model. Three stocking rates were utilized for the treatment sites where samples were collected in the grazing experiment: no-grazed (NG) (0 TLU/ha/Y), moderately grazed (MG) (2 TLU/ha/Y), and over grazed (OG) (4 TLU/ha/Y and above). Using various stoking rates, the aboveground biomass of the grass species and changes in livestock weight were predicted under three typical concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5), which mostly focused on the severe drought period running from 2020 to 2023. Our results highlight the importance of grazing management techniques for mitigating the negative impacts of climate change on livestock productivity and biomass output. In addition, we stress the crucial importance of adaptive management strategies that consider socioeconomic and ecological aspects to assure the sustainability and resilience of savanna grassland ecosystems in the face environmental change.

稀树草原是世界范围内重要的生态系统，通过放牧支持人类生计，同时也是各种植物和野生动物的栖息地。本文采用土壤-植物-大气连续统（SPACSYS）模型，研究了气候变化与放牧模式之间的复杂相互作用及其对草原生态系统牲畜体重和生物量动态的综合影响。放牧试验采集样地采用3种放养率：不放牧（NG）（0 TLU/ha/Y）、中度放牧（MG）（2 TLU/ha/Y）和过度放牧（OG）（4 TLU/ha/Y及以上）。以2020 ~ 2023年严重干旱期为研究对象，利用不同的放养率，预测了3种典型浓度路径（RCP 2.6、RCP 4.5和RCP 8.5）下草种地上生物量和牲畜体重的变化。我们的研究结果强调了放牧管理技术对于减轻气候变化对牲畜生产力和生物量产出的负面影响的重要性。此外，我们强调考虑社会经济和生态方面的适应性管理战略对于确保热带稀树草原生态系统在面临环境变化时的可持续性和复原力至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Correspondence Between Satellite-Derived and Long-Term Field Observations of Vegetation Cover at Great Basin Experimental Treatments 大盆地试验处理植被覆盖卫星反演与长期野外观测的对应关系

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2025.09.007

Matthew Rigge , Madelon F. Case , Scott E. Shaff , Lisa Ellsworth , Brett Bunde , Kory Postma

Vegetation treatments are frequently utilized in Western US rangelands to reduce woody plant cover in sagebrush stands threatened by increased wildfire risk and in pinyon-juniper woodlands expanding into formerly high-value sagebrush habitats. Despite widespread use of these treatments, monitoring data to evaluate long-term vegetation responses are often insufficient or absent. Long-term field experiments and remote-sensing based vegetation data may be complementary for assessing treatment effectiveness across temporal and spatial scales. The SageSTEP project experimentally implemented treatments at numerous sites across the Intermountain West and monitored the subsequent response of vegetation cover components with 15+ yr of field observations. However, while pretreatment data were collected in the year of implementation, long-term observations of pretreatment vegetation conditions are lacking in the SageSTEP database. Remote-sensing based time-series maps (1985–2023) of vegetation cover from Rangeland Condition Monitoring Assessment and Projection (RCMAP) could fill temporal gaps in monitoring data and scale findings across broader extents. We evaluate the relationship between pretreatment vegetation cover in the RCMAP data and the post-treatment response in both the RCMAP and field observations. Additionally, we explore the correspondence between SageSTEP field observations and RCMAP at various scales, and examine key factors related to the strength of relationships. Overall, SageSTEP and RCMAP data show a similar direction of treatment effect for each component, and to a lesser extent the magnitude of effect. SageSTEP and RCMAP data tended to agree most strongly where treatment effects were strong; when averaged across broader spatial scales; and for components such as tree and bare ground that are more easily distinguished spectrally. Remote sensing tools such as RCMAP, in combination with field-based climate and vegetation observations, can help assess postdisturbance recovery trajectories and facilitate regional decision-making around treatment alternatives, fire risk reduction, and protection of critical habitats.

在美国西部的牧场，经常使用植被处理来减少受到野火风险增加威胁的山艾树林分的木本植物覆盖，以及在扩大到以前高价值的山艾树栖息地的松柏林地。尽管这些处理方法被广泛使用，但评估长期植被反应的监测数据往往不足或缺失。长期野外试验和基于遥感的植被数据可作为评估跨时空尺度处理效果的补充。SageSTEP项目在山间西部的许多地点实验性地实施了处理措施，并通过15年以上的野外观测监测了植被覆盖成分的后续响应。然而，虽然预处理数据是在实施当年收集的，但SageSTEP数据库缺乏对预处理植被条件的长期观测。基于遥感的牧地状态监测评估与预测（RCMAP）植被覆盖时序图（1985-2023）可以填补监测数据的时间空白和更大范围的尺度发现。我们评估了RCMAP数据中预处理植被覆盖与RCMAP和野外观测中处理后响应之间的关系。此外，我们探讨了SageSTEP野外观测与RCMAP在不同尺度上的对应关系，并研究了与关系强度相关的关键因素。总体而言，SageSTEP和RCMAP数据显示每个成分的治疗效果方向相似，但效果程度较小。SageSTEP和RCMAP数据倾向于在治疗效果强的地方最一致；在更大的空间尺度上平均；对于树木和光秃秃的地面等成分，它们更容易在光谱上区分。RCMAP等遥感工具与实地气候和植被观测相结合，可以帮助评估干扰后的恢复轨迹，并促进围绕治疗方案、减少火灾风险和保护关键栖息地的区域决策。

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引用次数: 0

Morphological, Productive, and Pest Susceptibility Characteristics of Forage Cactus Clones in Semiarid Regions of Brazil 巴西半干旱区饲用仙人掌无性系形态、产量和病虫害敏感性特征

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2025.09.006

Paulo Sérgio Ferreira da Silva , Mércia Virginia Ferreira dos Santos , Mário de Andrade Lira , Márcio Vieira da Cunha , Alexandre Carneiro Leão de Mello , André Pereira Freire Ferraz , José Carlos Batista Dubeux Jr. , Maria da Conceição Silva , Djalma Cordeiro dos Santos , Dayanne Camelo

Forage cactus is an important fodder resource for livestock in semiarid region. Understanding how morphological and productive variability and susceptibility to cochineal among cactus clones is key to select clones that are best adapted to each region. This research hypothesized that morphological and productive characteristics of forage cactus clones, as well as their susceptibility to cochineal attacks, vary significantly among genotypes and environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate morphological and productive characteristics and the presence of cochineal (Dactylopius opuntiae and Diaspis echinocacti) in six forage cactus clones in two semiarid regions, during 2 yr. The studied six clones were: F21, IPA-Sertânia and Miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dyck), IPA-20 [Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.], F8 (Opuntia atropes Rose), and Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM) [Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.] in two sites, Arcoverde (Sertão) and São Bento do Una (Agreste), Pernambuco, Brazil. The design was randomized complete block with three replications for each site. The clones F8 and Miúda showed greater height when cultivated in São Bento do Una (108 and 112 cm) than in Arcoverde (67 and 61 cm). In São Bento do Una, clones F21, IPA-Sertânia, and Miúda produced more (18, 24, and 16 Mg · DM · ha⁻¹ 2 yr) compared with Arcoverde (7, 10, and 8 Mg · DM · ha⁻¹). Clone F8 showed complete resistance to D. opuntiae and D. echinocacti. Clone IPA-20 was most susceptible to D. opuntiae, and OEM was most susceptible to D. echinocacti. Environmental conditions significantly affected cactus productivity. Pest-resistant clones such as F8 are crucial in pest-prone areas. São Bento do Una offers more favorable conditions for forage cactus cultivation. We conclude that the OEM clone is more suitable for cultivation in Arcoverde, whereas the IPA-Sertânia clone is better suited for São Bento do Una, due to their superior dry matter production, water use efficiency, and survival rates.

草料仙人掌是半干旱区重要的家畜饲料资源。了解仙人掌无性系的形态和产量变异以及对胭脂虫的易感性是选择最适合每个地区的无性系的关键。本研究推测，不同基因型和环境条件下，饲用仙人掌无性系的形态和生产特征以及对胭脂虫的易感性存在显著差异。研究了2年半干旱区6个草食仙人掌无性系F21、ipa - sert、Miúda （Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dyck）和IPA-20 （Opuntia ficus-indica (L.)）的形态特征和产量特征，并对它们的存在进行了分析。轧机。], F8 （Opuntia atropes Rose）和Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM) [Opuntia stricta (Haw.)]。山楂。在巴西伯南布哥省的Arcoverde （sert）和s o Bento do Una （Agreste）两个地点。设计是随机的完整块，每个位点有三个重复。无性系F8和Miúda在 o Bento do Una栽培时的株高（108和112 cm）高于Arcoverde栽培时的株高（67和61 cm）。在 o Bento do Una中，与Arcoverde（7、10和8 Mg·DM·ha−1）相比，F21、ipa - sertnia和Miúda克隆（18、24和16 Mg·DM·ha−12年）的产量更高（18、24和16 Mg·DM·ha−1）。无性系F8对机会僵菌和棘球绦虫具有完全抗性。克隆IPA-20对机会菌最敏感，克隆OEM对棘皮菌最敏感。环境条件对仙人掌产量有显著影响。F8等抗虫害无性系在害虫多发地区至关重要。o Bento do Una为牧草仙人掌的种植提供了更有利的条件。我们得出结论，OEM无性系更适合在Arcoverde种植，而ipa - sert尼亚无性系更适合在 o Bento do Una种植，因为它们具有更高的干物质产量、水分利用效率和成活率。

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引用次数: 0

Does Initial Body Size Influence Weight Gain of Stocker Steers During the Growing Season in Semiarid Western Great Plains Rangeland? 在半干旱的西部大平原牧区，初始体大小是否会影响生长季节Stocker阉牛的增重？

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2025.08.009

Justin D. Derner , David J. Augustine , J. Gonzalo Irisarri , John P. Ritten , Edward J. Raynor

Ranchers in the western Great Plains grazing yearlings (i.e., stockers) during the growing season need to understand how variation in starting animal weights influences subsequent end weights for marketing opportunities and prices received. Whether variation in stocker steer body size (i.e., entry weight) at the start of the growing season influences weight gains during the summer grazing (midMay through September), period on semiarid shortgrass prairie rangeland remains unclear. We used 10 yr (2014–2023) of weight gains from 2 162 stocker steers (Bos taurus) that had entry weights ranging from 222.7 to 370.0 kg to assess if grazing season weight gains under traditional, season-long grazing management with moderate stocking rate were influenced by entry weights under varying levels of spring (April through June) precipitation and pasture forage productivity (low vs. high productivity soils). Entry weight had no effect on grazing season weight gains regardless of precipitation level and soil type (as measured by ecological site). Stocker operations in this rangeland can anticipate steer weight gains of 135 kg steer⁻¹ under average precipitation and forage productivity. Summer grazing season weight gains did exhibit a quadratic relationship between spring precipitation and pasture productivity. A 25% reduction in spring precipitation decreased weight gains by 16% and 23% in the high and low productivity pastures, respectively; 50% reduction in spring precipitation lowered weight gains by 40% and 55%, respectively. Conversely, increasing spring precipitation by 50% increased weight gains by only 15% and 20% in the high and low productivity pastures, respectively. These findings highlight that abundant precipitation can result in substantial forage production, but forage quality reductions will limit additional weight gain. The plateau in steer weight gain when April to June precipitation exceeds 170 mm suggests that forage quality limitations could potentially be ameliorated by strategic protein supplementation.

西部大平原的牧场主在生长季节放牧一岁的牲畜（即家畜），他们需要了解动物起始体重的变化如何影响随后的末重，以获得销售机会和价格。在半干旱短草草原放牧期间，生长季节开始时家畜体型（即入栏体重）的变化是否会影响夏季放牧期间（5月中旬至9月）的体重增加尚不清楚。本研究利用2 162头入栏体重在222.7 ~ 370.0 kg之间的牛（Bos taurus） 10年（2014-2023年）的增重数据，评估在不同春季（4月至6月）降水和牧草生产力（低生产力与高生产力土壤）水平下，中等载畜率的传统全季放牧管理下的放牧季增重是否受到入栏体重的影响。无论降水量和土壤类型（以生态立地测量），入口重量对放牧季增重没有影响。在平均降水量和饲料产量的条件下，该牧场的牲畜饲养操作可预期增加135公斤牛的体重。夏季放牧期牧草增重与春季降水与牧草产量之间呈二次关系。春季降水减少25%，高生产力牧场和低生产力牧场增重分别减少16%和23%；春季降水减少50%，体重增加分别减少40%和55%。相反，在高产和低产牧场，春季降水增加50%分别只增加了15%和20%的增重。这些发现强调，充足的降水可以导致大量的饲料产量，但饲料质量的降低将限制额外的体重增加。当4 ~ 6月降水量超过170 mm时，阉牛增重呈平稳期，这表明有策略地补充蛋白质可以改善饲料质量限制。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamics of Land Use Changes and Eco-efficiency of Pastoralists in Northern Iran 伊朗北部牧民土地利用变化动态与生态效率

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2025.08.016

Masoumeh Arabollah Firozjah, Azar Sheikhzeinoddin, Mohammad Bakhshoodeh, Mansour Zibaei

Rangeland degradation caused by overgrazing and land use change poses a major threat to ecological sustainability and pastoral livelihoods in northern Iran. This study investigates land use dynamics and grazing intensity in Mazandaran province, addressing two key questions: (1) how will rangeland land use evolve under current grazing pressures? and (2) how do these changes affect pastoral eco-efficiency? The study area encompasses six land use categories: forest, barren land, good, moderate, and poor rangelands, and built-up areas. Using CA-Markov modeling, we project substantial declines in forest cover and good/moderate rangelands by 2051. Environmental vulnerability was assessed with the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), and pastoralists’ eco-efficiency was evaluated via a directional semi-oriented radial DEA model, incorporating desirable (livestock profit margin ratio) and undesirable (pasture degradation) outputs. Tobit regression identified grazing intensity and management practices as key determinants. Results indicate that the average eco-efficiency of 256 pastoralists was only 0.43, reflecting a strong inverse relationship with environmental vulnerability and underscoring urgent institutional and managerial shortcomings. These findings highlight the need for targeted rangeland management, sustainable fodder cultivation, and controlled grazing strategies to safeguard natural resources and pastoral livelihoods.

过度放牧和土地利用变化导致的牧场退化对伊朗北部的生态可持续性和牧民生计构成重大威胁。本研究调查了马赞达兰省土地利用动态和放牧强度，解决了两个关键问题：(1)在当前放牧压力下，牧场土地利用将如何演变？(2)这些变化如何影响牧区生态效率？研究区域包括六个土地利用类别：森林、荒地、良好、中等和不良的牧场和建成区。利用CA-Markov模型，我们预测到2051年森林覆盖率和良好/中等牧场将大幅下降。采用模糊层次分析法（FAHP）评价环境脆弱性，采用半定向径向DEA模型评价牧民生态效率，并结合理想产出（牲畜利润率）和不良产出（牧场退化）。Tobit回归确定放牧强度和管理措施是关键的决定因素。结果表明，256名牧民的平均生态效率仅为0.43，与环境脆弱性呈强烈的负相关关系，凸显了制度和管理方面的迫切不足。这些发现强调了有针对性的牧场管理、可持续饲料种植和控制放牧战略的必要性，以保护自然资源和牧民生计。

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引用次数: 0