Quaternary International最新文献_第3页

Optical dating of Holocene extreme flood events in eastern South Africa and their connection to ENSO variability 南非东部全新世极端洪水事件的光学定年及其与ENSO变率的关系

IF 1.8 3区地球科学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary International

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110101

Jamie C. Wood , Phillip S. Toms , Michael C. Grenfell , Marc S. Humphries

Existing research examining tributary blocked-valley lake and wetland development upon the Mfolozi River floodplain (South African east coast) has highlighted the potential for blocked-valley lakes to act as mainstem palaeoflood archives. Sand and silt units preserved within the organic deposits of these floodplain-impounded features represent relatively large flood events and provide an opportunity to establish the frequency of extreme flooding in the region beyond the timespan of instrumental and historical records, thereby helping to reduce uncertainty around future tropical cyclone activity in a warming world. However, absolute age estimates for these sequences have been limited to radiocarbon dating of organic units, restricting flood history reconstruction. This study had two inter-related aims. Firstly, to evaluate the use of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating for chronicling clastic sediments associated with the floodplain's blocked-valley lakes. Secondly, in combination with radiocarbon dating and Bayesian age-depth modelling, to reconstruct flood history across three sites on the Mfolozi floodplain and investigate the climatic factors that drove past extreme flooding in the region. The Finite Mixture Model (FMM) applied to single grain OSL data was identified as the most suitable equivalent dose (D_e) model, producing age estimates that either aligned with historical records and/or accounted for the largest population of grains with a common dose. The deposition models developed provide evidence for the occurrence of multiple extreme floods since the first event identified at 7.2 ka, providing the first long-term flood record for the region. Comparison of the Mfolozi palaeoflood record with independent sedimentary hydroclimatic evidence from the region indicates a historical tendency for more frequent extreme floods during weakened El Niño conditions (i.e., La Niña or neutral ENSO phases). This suggests that variations in ENSO conditions through the mid-to-late Holocene likely played a fundamental role in triggering extreme flooding along South Africa's east coast.

对Mfolozi河漫滩（南非东海岸）支流阻塞山谷湖泊和湿地发展的现有研究强调了阻塞山谷湖泊作为主要古洪水档案的潜力。在这些洪泛平原淤积特征的有机沉积物中保存的沙和淤泥单位代表了相对较大的洪水事件，并提供了一个机会，可以在仪器和历史记录的时间范围之外确定该地区极端洪水的频率，从而有助于减少在变暖的世界中未来热带气旋活动的不确定性。然而，这些序列的绝对年龄估计仅限于有机单元的放射性碳定年，限制了洪水历史的重建。这项研究有两个相互关联的目的。首先，评估光学激发发光（OSL）测年技术在河漫滩阻塞谷湖碎屑沉积物年代学中的应用。其次，结合放射性碳测年和贝叶斯年龄深度模型，重建了Mfolozi洪泛区三个地点的洪水历史，并调查了导致该地区过去极端洪水的气候因素。应用于单一谷物OSL数据的有限混合模型（FMM）被确定为最合适的等效剂量（De）模型，其产生的年龄估计要么与历史记录一致，要么考虑到具有共同剂量的最大谷物种群。建立的沉积模式提供了自7.2 ka第一次极端洪水事件以来发生多次极端洪水的证据，为该地区提供了第一个长期洪水记录。Mfolozi古洪水记录与该地区独立的沉积水文气候证据的比较表明，在El Niño减弱条件（即La Niña或中性ENSO阶段）期间，极端洪水的历史趋势更为频繁。这表明，全新世中后期ENSO条件的变化可能在引发南非东海岸极端洪水方面发挥了根本作用。

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引用次数: 0

Living in a karstic spring: humans, animals, and sediments at Zala Cave (northern-central Croatia) during the Late Glacial and Early Holocene 生活在喀喇泉：人类、动物和沉积物在Zala洞穴（克罗地亚中北部）在冰川晚期和全新世早期

IF 1.8 3区地球科学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary International

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110100

Katarina Gerometta , Giovanni Boschian , Ivor Karavanić

This study presents a geoarchaeological investigation of Zala Cave, located in northwestern Croatia, a site of exceptional significance due to its position in a key geographical corridor between the Adriatic coast and the continental Balkans, a region largely lacking comparable sequences. The cave provides rare evidence of human occupation spanning from the Late Upper Palaeolithic through the Middle Ages. Geoarchaeological, sedimentological, and micromorphological analyses of the cave deposits elucidate the interplay between human occupation, sedimentary processes, and environmental change in a karstic landscape strongly influenced by subterranean hydrology. The stratigraphic sequence documents alternating phases of fluvial sedimentation, frost-related reworking, and human use of the cave. The mineral composition of the deposits, dominated by siliciclastic grains derived from distant Triassic formations and possibly reworked loess, confirms the cave's hydrological connection to external catchments. Sediment architecture reveals periodic flooding from the underground Đulin Ponor–Medvedica–Izvor-Špilja Gojak cave system, which repeatedly transformed the cave into a spring outlet. Periodical erosion and redeposition of sediments generated gaps and mixed layers within the cultural succession, and disrupted the stratigraphic continuity. Epigravettian layers reveal short-term occupation episodes by Late Upper Palaeolithic foragers, while an in situ Mesolithic hearth attests to later visits during more temperate conditions. Sporadic Copper and Bronze Age activity reflects shifting land-use strategies, mostly pastoral. The absence of Neolithic layers and remains hints to possible erosional removal of the Neolithic horizon. Micromorphological evidence of periglacial structures, combustion features, and dung accumulations, demonstrates subsequent and/or alternating phases of cold-climate sedimentation, dwelling, and pastoral use. Overall, Zala Cave represents a key inland node linking the Adriatic and continental Balkans, offering new insights into human mobility, environmental adaptation, and the geomorphic evolution of a karstic corridor during Late Pleistocene–Holocene climatic transitions.

本研究对位于克罗地亚西北部的Zala洞穴进行了地质考古调查，由于其位于亚得里亚海海岸和巴尔干大陆之间的关键地理走廊上，这一地区在很大程度上缺乏类似的序列，因此具有特殊的意义。这个洞穴提供了从旧石器时代晚期晚期到中世纪人类居住的罕见证据。对洞穴沉积物的地质考古、沉积学和微观形态学分析阐明了人类活动、沉积过程和受地下水文强烈影响的岩溶景观的环境变化之间的相互作用。地层层序记录了河流沉积、与霜有关的改造和人类对洞穴的利用的交替阶段。沉积物的矿物组成主要是来自遥远的三叠纪地层的硅屑颗粒，可能是经过改造的黄土，证实了洞穴与外部集水区的水文联系。沉积物结构揭示了地下周期性洪水Đulin Ponor-Medvedica-Izvor -Špilja Gojak洞穴系统，反复将洞穴转变为泉水出口。沉积物的周期性侵蚀和再沉积在文化演替中形成了间隙和混合层，破坏了地层的连续性。上盖层揭示了旧石器时代晚期晚期采集者的短期占领事件，而一个原位的中石器时代壁炉证明了后来在更温和的条件下的访问。铜器和青铜时代的零星活动反映了土地利用策略的转变，主要是畜牧。新石器时代地层和遗迹的缺失暗示了新石器时代地层可能受到侵蚀。冰周结构、燃烧特征和粪便堆积的微观形态学证据表明，随后和/或交替阶段的寒冷气候沉积、居住和畜牧使用。总体而言，Zala洞穴代表了连接亚得里亚海和巴尔干大陆的关键内陆节点，为研究晚更新世-全新世气候转变期间喀斯特走廊的人类流动性、环境适应和地貌演变提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Vegetation dynamics, corresponding climate change and Indian Summer Monsoon variability during the Middle-to Late Holocene from the Core Monsoon Zone, India: Reflection of the 8.2 ka event? 印度核心季风带全新世中晚期植被动态、气候变化和印度夏季风变率：8.2 ka事件的反映？

IF 1.8 3区地球科学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary International

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110103

Nagendra Prasad , Mohammad Firoze Quamar , Maneesha M. E.T. , Pooja Tiwari , Biswajeet Thakur , Anupam Sharma

We provide records of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) variability since ca. 8220 cal yr BP from the Core Monsoon Zone (CMZ), India. The study revealed that between ca. 8220 and 7600 cal yr BP, tree savannah vegetation occupied the landscape under a cool-dry climate, indicating a reduced ISM rainfall. This phase of harsh climate broadly coincides, rather overlaps with the global “8.2 ka cooling event” of the North Atlantic. Visual inspection of the pollen diagram, however, does not reveal a clear signal of the ‘8.2 ka’ event. Lack of robust chronology, coarse sampling resolution (4 cm intervals), pollen preservation bias, and ‘insensitive’ vegetation response to the most severe Holocene cooling event in the Northern Hemisphere could be cited as plausible reasons for the non-detection of the global ‘8.2 ka event’. The ISM gradually evolved during ca. 7600‒4980 cal yr BP, ca. 4980‒3775 cal yr BP, ca. 3775‒920 cal yr BP, and ca. 920 ‒145 cal yr BP, which likely supported open forest vegetation, open-mixed tropical deciduous forests, mixed tropical deciduous forests, and dense mixed tropical deciduous forests, respectively, around the study area. A relatively less intensified ISM rainfall since ca. 145 cal yr BP to the present was suggested, which likely supported mixed tropical deciduous forests in a warm and a relatively less humid climate, around the landscape of the study area in the CMZ, India.

我们提供了印度核心季风带（CMZ）约8220 calyr BP以来的印度夏季风（ISM）变率记录。研究表明，在约8220至7600 cal yr BP之间，热带稀树草原植被在凉爽干燥的气候下占据了景观，表明ISM降雨量减少。这一阶段的恶劣气候与北大西洋的全球“8.2 ka冷却事件”大致重合，甚至重叠。然而，对花粉图的目视检查并没有显示出“8.2 ka”事件的明确信号。缺乏可靠的年代学、粗糙的采样分辨率（4厘米间隔）、花粉保存偏差以及植被对北半球最严重的全新世冷却事件的“不敏感”反应可能是未检测到全球“8.2 ka事件”的合理原因。在大约7600 ~ 4980 cal yr BP、大约4980 ~ 3775 cal yr BP、大约3775 ~ 920 cal yr BP和大约920 ~ 145 cal yr BP，研究区周围可能分别支持开放森林植被、开放混合热带落叶林、混合热带落叶林和茂密混合热带落叶林。从大约145 calyr BP到现在，ISM降水相对较少，这可能支持了印度CMZ研究区周围温暖和相对较少潮湿气候下的混合热带落叶林。

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引用次数: 0

Late Pleistocene morphological variability of Uvigerina cocoaensis and its subspecies in the quasi-isolated Central Equatorial Indian Ocean Basin 准孤立的中赤道印度洋海盆中可可树及其亚种的晚更新世形态变异

IF 1.8 3区地球科学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary International

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110105

Puja Vijay , Neelakantan Ravindran Nisha , Naveen Gandhi

The Central Equatorial Indian Ocean (CEIO) constitutes a key region for inter-basin water exchange within the Indian Ocean, primarily modulated by the seasonal reversal of the summer and winter monsoons. The CEIO also contributes indirectly to global ocean circulation by linking equatorial Indian Ocean processes with exchanges through the Indonesian Throughflow and to ventilation pathways of the Arabian Sea. In the present investigation, the core location is situated near the Cape Comorin Ridge in the CEIO, and the ridge serves as a topographic barrier that restricts inter-basin water exchange, thereby creating a quasi-isolated regional basin. This quasi-isolation provides a unique natural setting to study localized circulation, water mass transformation, and biogeochemical processes. The deep-sea benthic foraminiferal records of the CEIO shows a high abundance and diversity of uvigerinids since this region is uniquely influenced by a strong oxygen minimum zone, monsoon-driven productivity, and semi-isolated circulation. Uvigerina cocoaensis and its subspecies, recorded from the study area, serve as key bioindicators of past oceanographic and climatic conditions. The observed morphological adaptations reflect environmental changes closely tied to glacial-interglacial cycles. Stratigraphic records obtained through the present investigation further reveal a progressive climatic transition, underscoring the significance of U. cocoaensis as a proxy for reconstructing paleoenvironmental dynamics in the CEIO. This study presents the first comprehensive analysis of U. cocoaensis and its subspecies from the Indian Ocean, drawing the evolutionary trajectory of these species within the CEIO during the Late Pleistocene. Detailed morphometric and taxonomic analyses of U. cocoaensis and its subspecies from this region suggests that the CEIO may have functioned as a quasi-isolated basin during the Late Pleistocene, promoting localized evolutionary processes. Notably, while U. cocoaensis has a long stratigraphic record in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean dating back to the Tertiary (Eocene), its late Pleistocene expression in the CEIO highlights a distinct regional evolutionary pathway. The appearance (∼85 cal ka BP) and disappearance (∼138 cal ka BP) of U. cocoaensis and its subspecies in the CEIO reflect adaptive responses to oceanographic and climatic perturbations, including shifts in productivity, water mass properties, and oxygenation levels of the region. Thus, their first recovery in the CEIO provides new regional evidence to reconstruct paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic conditions of the area, highlighting the potential of the CEIO as a quasi-isolated regional basin in the marine realm.

中赤道印度洋（CEIO）是印度洋盆地间水交换的关键区域，主要受夏季和冬季季风的季节性逆转调节。CEIO还通过将赤道印度洋过程与印度尼西亚通流的交换以及阿拉伯海的通风通道联系起来，间接地促进了全球海洋环流。在本研究中，核心位置位于CEIO的科摩罗角山脊附近，该山脊作为地形屏障限制了盆地间的水交换，从而形成了一个准孤立的区域盆地。这种准隔离为研究局部循环、水团转化和生物地球化学过程提供了独特的自然环境。CEIO的深海底栖有孔虫记录显示，由于该地区受强氧最小带、季风驱动的生产力和半孤立环流的独特影响，uvigerinids具有较高的丰度和多样性。在研究区记录到的cocouvigerina及其亚种是过去海洋学和气候条件的关键生物指标。观察到的形态适应反映了与冰期-间冰期旋回密切相关的环境变化。通过本研究获得的地层记录进一步揭示了一个渐进的气候转变，强调了U. cocoaensis作为重建CEIO古环境动力学的代表的意义。本研究首次全面分析了来自印度洋的cocoaensis及其亚种，绘制了这些物种在晚更新世期间在CEIO内的进化轨迹。对该地区可可树及其亚种的形态计量学和分类学分析表明，在晚更新世，CEIO可能是一个准孤立的盆地，促进了局部进化过程。值得注意的是，虽然U. cocoaensis在大西洋和太平洋有很长的地层记录，可以追溯到第三纪（始新世），但其在CEIO中的晚更新世表达突出了一个独特的区域进化途径。可可树及其亚种在CEIO的出现（~ 85 cal ka BP）和消失（~ 138 cal ka BP）反映了对海洋和气候扰动的适应性反应，包括该地区生产力、水质量性质和氧合水平的变化。因此，他们在CEIO的首次恢复为重建该地区的古海洋和古气候条件提供了新的区域证据，突出了CEIO作为海洋领域准孤立区域盆地的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Foraminiferal and geochemical evidence of the late Quaternary monsoon and oceanographic shifts in the southern Bay of Bengal 孟加拉湾南部晚第四纪季风和海洋学变化的有孔虫和地球化学证据

IF 1.8 3区地球科学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary International

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110106

Kavya Aravind , Neelakandan Ravindran Nisha , Naveen Gandhi , Pankaj Kumar

The southern Bay of Bengal (BoB) is a pivotal region for paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic research, owing to its intricate interactions among monsoonal dynamics, ocean circulation, sedimentation patterns, and regional hydrology. Being the northern boundary of the tropical Indian Ocean, the area experiences significant freshwater input from major river systems and is modulated by the seasonal monsoonal wind regime. In this study, we present the first high-resolution, multi-proxy reconstruction of surface hydrographic and climatic variations over the past 44 kyr BP in the southern BoB. Our analysis integrates stable isotope records, planktonic foraminiferal assemblage distributions, textural studies and trace elemental data. The stable isotope records, along with the planktonic foraminiferal species abundances, indicate a strengthened Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) during Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 1 and 3, whereas a weakened ISM with predominant northeast monsoon influence during MIS 2. Species such as Globigerinoides ruber, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, and Neogloboquadrina dutertrei exhibit sensitivity to variations in temperature, salinity, and thermocline depth, displaying distinct responses during major climatic events such as the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), Heinrich Events, and the Younger Dryas. Proxy records reveal rapid deglacial warming coupled with monsoon intensification, while mid-Holocene trends suggest a gradual weakening of the ISM. Cluster and factor analyses effectively differentiate surface, thermocline, and subsurface dwelling foraminiferal species, facilitating comprehensive reconstructions of vertical water column structures. Fluctuations in planktonic/benthic foraminiferal (PF/BF) ratios, along with variations in trace elements such as molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V), and uranium (U), underscore changes in productivity and bottom-water oxygenation over the last 44 kyr BP in the southern BoB. This comprehensive dataset highlights the intricate interplay between global climatic forces and regional monsoonal variability, which have collectively shaped the paleoceanographic evolution of the southern Bay of Bengal.

孟加拉湾南部由于其季风动力、海洋环流、沉积模式和区域水文之间复杂的相互作用，是古海洋学和古气候研究的关键区域。作为热带印度洋的北部边界，该地区经历了来自主要河流系统的大量淡水输入，并受到季节性季风风的调节。在这项研究中，我们提出了第一个高分辨率，多代理重建的地表水文和气候变化在过去44 kyr BP在南BoB。我们的分析综合了稳定同位素记录、浮游有孔虫组合分布、结构研究和微量元素数据。稳定同位素记录和浮游有孔虫物种丰度表明，在海洋同位素阶段（MIS） 1和3期间，印度夏季风（ISM）增强，而在MIS 2期间，ISM减弱，以东北季风为主。gloigerinoides ruber、Pulleniatina obliquiloculata和Neogloboquadrina dutertrei等物种对温度、盐度和温跃层深度的变化表现出敏感，在末次盛冰期（LGM）、海因里希事件和新仙女木期（Younger Dryas）等重大气候事件中表现出明显的响应。代用记录显示快速的冰川消融变暖与季风增强相结合，而全新世中期的趋势表明ISM逐渐减弱。聚类和因子分析能有效区分地表、温跃层和地下栖息的有孔虫种类，促进垂直水柱结构的全面重建。浮游生物/底栖有孔虫（PF/BF）比率的波动，以及微量元素(如钼（Mo）、钒（V)和铀(U)）的变化，强调了过去44 kyr BP在南赤道带的生产力和底水氧合的变化。这个综合数据集突出了全球气候力量和区域季风变率之间复杂的相互作用，它们共同塑造了孟加拉湾南部的古海洋学演变。

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引用次数: 0

New chronological data for the Middle Paleolithic hominin occupations at Anghilak Cave, Uzbekistan 乌兹别克斯坦安吉拉克洞穴旧石器时代中期人类职业的新年代学资料

IF 1.8 3区地球科学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary International

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110096

Yoshihiro Nishiaki , Otabek Aripdjanov , Michelle Glantz , Toru Tamura , Hiroyuki Kitagawa , Saiji Arai , Terrence Ritzman , Rustam Suleymanov

Anghilak Cave in southern Uzbekistan is one of the rare Middle Paleolithic sites associated with a hominin fossil in Central Asia. The radiocarbon dates from the 2002–2004 excavations once indicated that the hominin occupations of this site may have persisted into the Upper Paleolithic time-range (approximately 30–50 ka); we conducted additional research to verify those dates using different techniques and materials. This paper presents new sets of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates based on the samples from our renewed excavations between 2013 and 2017. The results suggest that the Middle Paleolithic layers of Anghilak are likely to be earlier than or at least close to the current limit of AMS dating, and they may go back to as early as 55–85 ka. Accordingly, we regard the Anghilak occupations representing a late Middle Paleolithic rather than those involving the Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition or showing a robust example of the late survival of the Middle Paleolithic. At the same time, this new finding helps to develop a better chronology for the Middle Paleolithic hominin occurrences in Central Asia, when different cultural groups may have co-existed.

乌兹别克斯坦南部的Anghilak洞穴是与中亚人类化石有关的罕见的旧石器时代中期遗址之一。2002-2004年发掘的放射性碳年代曾经表明，该遗址的人类活动可能持续到旧石器时代晚期（大约30-50 ka）；我们进行了额外的研究，用不同的技术和材料来验证这些日期。本文基于2013年至2017年的新挖掘样品，提出了新的加速器质谱（AMS）和光激发发光（OSL）日期。结果表明，安吉拉克的中旧石器时代地层可能早于或至少接近目前的AMS测年极限，可能早至55-85 ka。因此，我们认为Anghilak职业代表了中旧石器时代晚期，而不是那些涉及中旧石器时代晚期过渡的职业，或者显示了中旧石器时代晚期生存的有力例子。与此同时，这一新发现有助于为中亚旧石器时代中期人类的出现制定一个更好的年表，当时不同的文化群体可能共存。

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引用次数: 0

Stone and mammoth ivory tool production, circulation, and human dispersals in the middle Tanana Valley, Alaska: Implications for the Pleistocene peopling of the Americas 阿拉斯加塔纳纳山谷中部的石头和猛犸象牙工具的生产、流通和人类的扩散：对美洲更新世人类的启示

IF 1.8 3区地球科学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary International

Pub Date : 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110087

Brian T. Wygal , Kathryn E. Krasinski , Lillian Barber , Charles E. Holmes , Barbara A. Crass

In the middle Tanana Valley of central Alaska, the Holzman archaeological site is located along Shaw Creek's west bank. For the last three decades, the Tanana Valley has been the focus of intense Late Pleistocene archaeological and geological investigations into the interaction between the First Alaskans and Ice Age megafauna, particularly woolly mammoth. Archaeological excavations at the Holzman site have uncovered expedient tools on local quartz with well-preserved hearths, avifauna, and megafauna. Evidence for cooking and ivory tool manufacture dated to 14,000 years ago (14 ka) in component 5b (C5b) has been demonstrated—making Holzman among the earliest sites in the Americas. In the 13.7 ka C5a, an extensive workshop event left abundant local quartz artifacts behind, the by-product of mammoth ivory reduction and manufacture of ivory blanks or preforms, and the earliest known ivory rod tools in the Americas. The Holzman site contributes new information to a growing archaeological record of the middle Tanana Valley during the Late Glacial period. Based on current evidence, the confluence of Shaw Creek with the Tanana River was especially active during the initial arrival of Indigenous people. The subsequent selection of local quartz, cherts, and siltstone occurred with a particular focus on the harvest of woolly mammoth ivory. The evidence suggests a late southern migration by ancestral Clovis people south of the continental ice sheets into the mid-continental North America sometime between 14-13 ka.

在阿拉斯加中部的塔纳纳山谷中部，霍尔兹曼考古遗址位于肖溪西岸。在过去的三十年里，塔纳纳山谷一直是晚更新世考古和地质调查的焦点，研究第一阿拉斯加人和冰河时代巨型动物，特别是长毛象之间的相互作用。在霍尔兹曼遗址的考古发掘中，发现了当地石英上的权宜之计工具，这些石英上有保存完好的壁炉、鸟类和巨型动物。在14000年前（14ka）的第5b部分（C5b），已经证明了烹饪和象牙工具制造的证据-使霍尔兹曼成为美洲最早的遗址之一。在13.7 ka C5a，大规模的车间活动留下了大量的当地石英文物，这是猛犸象牙还原和制造象牙坯或预制件的副产品，以及美洲已知最早的象牙棒工具。霍尔兹曼遗址为晚期冰川期中部塔纳纳山谷的考古记录提供了新的信息。根据目前的证据，肖溪与塔纳纳河的汇合处在土著居民最初到达时特别活跃。随后对当地石英、燧石和粉砂岩的选择特别侧重于长毛象象牙的收获。证据表明，克洛维斯人的祖先在14-13 ka之间的某个时间，从大陆冰盖以南向北美大陆中部迁移。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the usage of flammability experiments and charcoal reflectance for interpreting the late Holocene record of fire 评估可燃性实验和木炭反射率在解释晚全新世火灾记录中的应用

IF 1.8 3区地球科学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary International

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110095

Alicja Bonk , Claire M. Belcher , Agnieszka Wacnik , Wojciech Tylmann

Palaeofire reconstructions typically rely on quantifying fossil charcoal abundance to estimate fire regimes, but this approach does not provide direct information about the preservation of biomass that burned or the energy release of past fires. Here we combine observations of the degradation state of fossil charcoal, using reflected light microscopy, with measurements of charcoal reflectance. We propose that this combined approach enables: 1) the identification of whether plant material burned in palaeofires was degraded prior to charring or was in a fresh state, and 2) inference of the likely energy regime of palaeofires. To demonstrate the potential of this proxy-based method, we apply it to fossil charcoal extracted from a sediment core from Lake Żabińskie in north-eastern Poland, and integrate the results with pollen data to identify periods when palaeofire regimes were likely dominated by low-intensity litter fires, as opposed to more intense surface or crown fires burning live fuels.

古火灾重建通常依赖于量化化石木炭丰度来估计火灾情况，但这种方法不能提供关于燃烧的生物质保存或过去火灾释放的能量的直接信息。在这里，我们结合使用反射光显微镜观察化石木炭的降解状态，并测量木炭的反射率。我们提出，这种结合的方法能够：1)识别在古火中燃烧的植物材料是在炭化之前被降解还是处于新鲜状态；2)推断古火可能的能量状态。为了证明这种基于代理的方法的潜力，我们将其应用于从波兰东北部Żabińskie湖沉积物岩心中提取的化石木炭，并将结果与花粉数据相结合，以确定古火种可能由低强度凋落物火灾主导的时期，而不是燃烧活燃料的更强烈的地表或树冠火灾。

引用次数: 0

Fossil record, radiocarbon dating (14C AMS) and isotopic paleoecology (δ13C) of Boa sp. Linnaeus, 1758 from the Late Pleistocene of Bahia, Brazil 巴西巴伊亚晚更新世1758年Boa sp. Linnaeus化石记录、14C AMS放射性碳定年及同位素古生态δ13C

IF 1.8 3区地球科学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary International

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110088

Levi Caires Nascimento , João Paulo da Costa , Annie Schmaltz Hsiou , Gabriela Alves Lage , André Vieira Araújo , Luciano Artemio Leal , Alexander Cherkinsky , Mário André Trindade Dantas

This study presents a detailed analysis of fossilized remains of Boa sp. from the Late Pleistocene, recovered from Toca do Angico in the municipality of Campo Formoso, Bahia, Brazil. The material consists of 29 precloacal vertebrae, representing one of the most numerous Pleistocene assemblages described for the genus in the country. The morphological analysis allowed for a confident taxonomic identification at the generic level, based on a diagnostic set of vertebral characters typical of Boidae and consistent with Boa, although specific-level resolution was not possible due to the lack of reliable osteological differences among species of the genus. Body-size estimates indicate a moderately large individual, with a mean snout–vent length of approximately 2.67 m and an estimated total body length of about 2.96 m, values that exceed the average recorded for most modern individuals but remain within the known limits for the genus. Radiocarbon dating of the specimen yielded a calibrated age between 42,422 and 42,701 cal yr BP. The δ¹³C value (−7.5 ‰), associated with a low p_iC₃ (0.25), indicates that the individual inhabited open environments dominated by C₄ vegetation and fed predominantly on prey isotopically linked to this type of plant cover. Together, these data reinforce the presence of open savanna environments in the interior of northeastern Brazil during the Late Pleistocene. This study expands current knowledge on the distribution, ecology, and paleoenvironmental context of Boa sp., while also highlighting the importance of karst systems for the preservation of the Quaternary fossil record.

本研究对巴西巴伊亚州Campo Formoso市Toca do Angico市发现的晚更新世Boa sp.化石遗骸进行了详细分析。该材料由29个腔前椎骨组成，代表了该国描述的该属最多的更新世组合之一。形态学分析基于Boidae典型的椎体特征诊断集，并与Boa一致，在属水平上进行了自信的分类学鉴定，尽管由于缺乏可靠的骨学差异，特定水平的分辨率是不可能的。体型估计表明这是一个中等大小的个体，平均口鼻长度约为2.67米，估计总体长约为2.96米，这些值超过了大多数现代个体的平均记录，但仍在该属的已知范围内。该标本的放射性碳定年得出的校准年龄在42,422至42,701 calyr BP之间。δ13C值（- 7.5‰）与较低的piC3值（0.25）相关，表明个体生活在以C4植被为主的开阔环境中，主要以与C4植被相关的猎物为食。总之，这些数据加强了晚更新世期间巴西东北部内陆开放稀树草原环境的存在。本研究扩展了对蟒蛇分布、生态和古环境背景的现有认识，同时也强调了喀斯特系统对保存第四纪化石记录的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Romito 9: A new Palaeolithic burial from Grotta del Romito (Calabria, Italy) 罗米托9号：在意大利卡拉布里亚的罗米托Grotta del Romito发现的一个新的旧石器时代墓葬

IF 1.8 3区地球科学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary International

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110020

F. Martini , D. Lo Vetro , F. Macciardi , L. Calcagnile , G. Quarta , G. De Benedetto , G. Vincenti , O. Rickards , G. Scorrano , P.F. Fabbri

During recent excavations at Grotta del Romito (Papasidero, northern Calabria, Italy), a new Upper Palaeolithic burial—designated Romito 9—was identified. The burial pit had been partially disturbed ab antiquo, resulting in an altered depositional context. The burial pertains to a female individual, approximately 11–12 years of age, and is associated with an archaeological layer dated to 16,129 ± 100 uncal BP (19,809–19,157 cal BP, 2σ), corresponding to the evolved phase of the local Epigravettian culture. Romito 9 presents a richly furnished burial, featuring the use of red ochre and abundant ornamentation. It represents the earliest known funerary evidence chronologically positioned between the Gravettian burials of Italy and those of the Final Epigravettian. This intermediate position underscores the continuity of complex ceremonial traditions characteristic of the Gravettian, prior to the ritual simplification documented in southern Italy during the Final Epigravettian. The individual, likely a prepubertal female at the time of death, exhibits dental dimensions more closely aligned with Middle Upper Palaeolithic (MUP) individuals than with those from the Late Upper Palaeolithic (LUP). Her estimated adult stature would have exceeded that of Romito's LUP adult females by approximately 20 cm, approaching the maximum values recorded for LUP females and aligning closely with the average stature of LUP adult males from the site. Given the paucity of comparative data for LUP individuals of the same age range, her body proportions and overall dimensions appear to be more consistent with MUP populations. A meticulous excavation strategy, combined with detailed post-excavation analysis of the funerary context, facilitated the reconstruction of both taphonomic and post-depositional processes. This work further enabled the creation of a visual model illustrating the original position of the buried individual and portions of the associated ornamentation.

最近在意大利卡拉布里亚北部帕帕西德罗（Papasidero）的Grotta del Romito发掘中，发现了一个新的旧石器时代晚期墓葬，命名为Romito 9。墓坑部分被反方向扰动，导致沉积环境发生改变。该墓葬为一具女性个体，年龄约11-12岁，所处考古层的年代为16,129±100伯伯BP (19,809-19,157 cal BP, 2σ)，与当地Epigravettian文化的进化阶段相对应。Romito 9呈现了一个装饰华丽的墓葬，以使用红赭石和丰富的装饰为特色。它代表了已知最早的丧葬证据，按时间顺序定位在意大利的格拉韦提墓葬和最后的埃格拉韦提墓葬之间。这种中间位置强调了格拉维特人复杂仪式传统特征的连续性，在最后的埃格拉维特时期，在意大利南部记录的仪式简化之前。该个体在死亡时很可能是一名青春期前的女性，其牙齿尺寸与中上旧石器时代（MUP）的个体更接近，而不是与晚上旧石器时代（LUP）的个体更接近。她估计的成年身高将超过Romito的LUP成年女性大约20厘米，接近LUP女性记录的最大值，并与该地点LUP成年男性的平均身高非常接近。鉴于缺乏相同年龄范围的LUP个体的比较数据，她的身体比例和整体尺寸似乎与MUP人群更一致。细致的挖掘策略，结合对殡葬环境的详细挖掘后分析，促进了地貌学和沉积后过程的重建。这项工作进一步创造了一个视觉模型，说明了被埋葬的个人的原始位置和相关装饰的部分。

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引用次数: 0