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Highland forest dynamics across equatorial East Africa during the end of the African humid period
IF 1.9 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.10.007
Sarah J. Ivory , Elizabeth MacDougal , Andrea Mason , Eleanor Pereboom , Sloane Garelick , Katherine Ficken , Matthew J. Wooller , Bob R. Nakileza , James Russell
Tropical mountain ecosystems hold immense ecological and economic importance, yet they face disproportionate risks from shifting tropical climates. For example, present-day montane vegetation of East Africa is characterized by different plant species that grow in and are restricted to certain elevations due to environmental tolerances. As climate changes and temperature/rainfall zones move on mountains, these species must rapidly adjust their ranges or risk extinction.
Paleoenvironmental records offer valuable insights into past climate and ecosystem dynamics, aiding predictions for ongoing climate change impacts. In particular, warming and wetting in tropical East Africa during the mid-Holocene resulted in both lowland and highland forest expansion. However, the relative impacts of rainfall and temperature change on montane ecosystems along with the influence of lowland forest expansion on montane communities is not completely understood. We use fossil pollen to study the vegetation changes in two lakes at different altitudes in the Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda: Lake Mahoma (Montane Forest belt) and Upper Kachope Lake (Afroalpine belt). Further, using the newly relaunched African Pollen Database and recent temperature reconstructions, we provide a regional synthesis of vegetation changes in the Rwenzori and then compare this with changes observed from other equatorial East African montane sites (particularly Mt Kenya).
In the early to mid-Holocene in the Rwenzori Mountains, trees common today in lowland forests dominated, driven largely by warmer temperatures. After 4000 years ago (4ka), Afromontane forest trees along with grasses progressively replaced lowland trees. Not all sites experienced identical transitions. For instance, at Lake Rutundu on Mt Kenya at the same elevation as Lake Mahoma, bamboo expansion preceded Afromontane forest growth, likely influenced by variations in fire. Variance partitioning indicates that each site responded differently to changes in temperature and rainfall. Therefore, these site-specific ecological responses underscore the importance of considering biogeographic legacies as management strategies are developed, despite similarities in modern ecology.
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引用次数: 0
Charred and shrunken pollen grains as a result of special depositional conditions in the Roman age Vesuvian area 罗马时代维苏威地区特殊沉积条件造成的烧焦和萎缩花粉粒
IF 1.9 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.10.004
Marta Mariotti Lippi
Despite the sudden burial to which they were subjected during the eruption of 79 AD, many of the soil samples from the Vesuvian area are poor or devoid of pollen. This research assesses whether a carbonization process may be responsible for the complete or partial loss of pollen grains or, at very least, for them going unrecorded during pollen analyses. The discovery of a certain number of pollen grains in plant material from Oplontis has made it possible to investigate which heating conditions they may have been subjected to. For this purpose, in this study, modern pollen grains were exposed to different temperatures for different time intervals in order to observe their modification. The data collected indicate that exposure to high temperatures, even for a short time, can significantly impact pollen grains to the point of making them undetectable during palynological analyses. Modern pollen grains similar to those of Oplontis are observed after exposure to 300 °C for 15 min. The state of preservation of the Oplontis reticulate grains makes prolonged exposure to 300 °C or higher temperatures unlikely. The temperature indications obtained are compatible with data from other studies. The hypothesis of combustion may also explain the small dimensions of many grains found in the Vesuvian sites.
尽管在公元 79 年火山爆发期间,维苏威地区的许多土壤样本被突然掩埋,但花粉含量很低或根本没有花粉。这项研究评估了碳化过程是否可能导致花粉粒的全部或部分丢失,或者至少是在花粉分析过程中没有记录下来。在奥普朗蒂斯的植物材料中发现了一定数量的花粉粒,这使得研究这些花粉粒可能经历过的加热条件成为可能。为此,本研究将现代花粉粒暴露在不同温度下的不同时间间隔内,以观察其变化情况。收集到的数据表明,暴露在高温下,即使时间很短,也会对花粉粒产生重大影响,以至于在古生物学分析中无法检测到。与 Oplontis 类似的现代花粉粒在 300 °C 下暴露 15 分钟后即可观察到。从 Oplontis 网状花粉粒的保存状况来看,不可能长时间暴露在 300 °C 或更高的温度下。所获得的温度指标与其他研究的数据相符。燃烧假说也可以解释维苏威遗址中发现的许多颗粒尺寸较小的原因。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular to macrofossils indicating last millennium sea level in Lavsa saltpans, Croatia 显示克罗地亚拉夫萨盐盘上千年海平面的分子到大型化石
IF 1.9 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.10.002
Benny Bechor , Martina Conti , Brendan Keely , Simona Avnaim-Katav , Steffen Mischke , Slobodan Miko , Ozren Hasan , Maja Grisonic , Irena Radić Rossi , Naomi Porat , Yael Edelman-Furstenberg , Dorit Sivan
Intertidal salt production sites existed continuously around the Mediterranean since classical antiquity, and their remains are present in large numbers along the Dalmatian (east Adriatic) coast. Most of them are preserved and dated to medieval times. This study aims to develop complementary proxies identifying the salt production layer in submerged ancient saltpans of Lavsa, a remote island on the central Dalmatian coast, to date the saltwork units by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and use them to infer changes in sea level. The significance of the study is in the application of molecular fossil analyses identifying the hypersaline layer in the sediments from a core drilled in the saltpan's site. The molecular fossil analyses correlate with the results of micro and macrofossil analyses and geochemical findings, all representing the saltwork unit. The depth of the hypersaline layers and the OSL dates provide relative sea level (RSL) lower limiting points of −145 ± 5 cm at 1309 ± 33 CE, probably the time when salt production started in Lavsa, and −115 ± 5 cm at 1364 ± 52 CE when saltwork activities ended. These limiting points extend the known RSL index point in Lavsa Island of −92 ± 8 cm, with an updated average age of 1337 ± 62 CE, correlating with the historical records. Medieval lower sea levels were also observed in the northern and southern parts of the east Adriatic coast as well as in other parts of the Mediterranean, probably driven by climate-related events, generating centennial-scale fluctuations in past sea levels that cannot be predicted by glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) models.
自古以来,地中海沿岸一直存在潮间带盐田,达尔马提亚(东亚得里亚海)沿岸有大量盐田遗迹。这些遗址大多保存完好,年代可追溯到中世纪。本研究旨在开发补充代用指标,确定达尔马提亚海岸中部偏远岛屿拉夫萨水下古盐田的产盐层,通过光学激发发光(OSL)确定盐田单元的年代,并利用它们推断海平面的变化。这项研究的重要意义在于应用分子化石分析鉴定了盐田遗址钻探岩芯沉积物中的超盐层。分子化石分析结果与微化石和大化石分析结果以及地球化学研究结果相互关联,这些结果都代表了盐业单元。超盐层的深度和 OSL 日期提供了相对海平面(RSL)的下限点,分别为公元 1309±33 年的 -145±5 厘米(可能是拉夫萨开始制盐的时间)和公元 1364±52 年的 -115±5 厘米(制盐活动结束的时间)。这些极限点扩展了拉夫萨岛已知的 RSL 指数点 -92 ± 8 厘米,更新后的平均年龄为西元 1337 ± 62 年,与历史记录相符。在东亚得里亚海沿岸的北部和南部地区以及地中海的其他地区也观测到了中世纪海平面较低的现象,这可能是由与气候相关的事件驱动的,在过去的海平面上产生了百年尺度的波动,而冰川等静力调整(GIA)模型无法预测这种波动。
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引用次数: 0
Nixtamalization at La Corona: Microbotanical analysis of ceramic vessels indicates Late Classic Maya cooking techniques 拉科罗纳的尼斯塔姆化:陶瓷器的微植物学分析表明玛雅古典晚期的烹饪技术
IF 1.9 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.09.007
Clarissa Cagnato , Jocelyne M. Ponce , Marcello A. Canuto , Tomás Barrientos Q.
Maize (Zea mays) was a fundamental part of the diet for the Classic period Maya (ca. 250–900 CE) and other Mesoamerican societies. Nixtamalization, the process whereby maize is cooked in an alkaline solution, is important as it enhances the nutritional value of maize, among other reasons. However, documenting this process in the archaeological record is not straightforward. A microbotanical study of residues collected from ceramic vessels and grinding stones from Late Classic (ca. 600–900 CE) contexts at the Lowland Maya site of La Corona (Peten, Guatemala), revealed the presence of starch spherulites. Their authenticity was confirmed by polarized microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) imaging combined with iodine staining. We argue that nixtamalization as a cooking technique was occurring at La Corona during the 7th and 8th centuries CE. We present evidence from ceremonial contexts, specifically burial and feasting/commensal events. This is the earliest evidence of lime-treated maize in the Maya area recovered directly from ceramic vessels linked to preparation and/or consumption of food.
玉米(Zea mays)是玛雅古典时期(约公元 250-900 年)和其他中美洲社会饮食的基本组成部分。将玉米在碱性溶液中煮熟的过程(Nixtamalization)非常重要,因为它可以提高玉米的营养价值。然而,在考古记录中记录这一过程并不简单。对从低地玛雅遗址 La Corona(危地马拉佩滕)晚期古典时期(约公元 600-900 年)的陶瓷器和磨石中收集的残留物进行的微生物学研究发现了淀粉球状物的存在。偏光显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)成像结合碘染色证实了它们的真实性。我们认为,在公元 7 世纪和 8 世纪期间,拉科罗纳曾出现过作为烹饪技术的尼斯塔姆化。我们展示了来自祭祀背景的证据,特别是墓葬和宴席/祭祀活动。这是玛雅地区直接从与准备和/或食用食物有关的陶瓷器皿中发现的石灰处理玉米的最早证据。
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引用次数: 0
A new method for loess chronology by microcodium δ18O and its application to the Mangshan section 利用微钠δ18O进行黄土年代学研究的新方法及其在邙山段的应用
IF 1.9 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.09.006
Zeke Zhang , Gaojun Li , Tao Li , Jiaju Zhao , Peixian Shu , Yitong Chen
Mangshan section is a scarce and valuable high-sedimentation deposit at the southeastern margin of the Chinese Loess Plateau for high-resolution paleoclimate reconstructions. Although the chronology of the deposit above the paleosol layer S2 has been pinned down on the glacial-interglacial timescale, it still needs to be refined at orbital timescale, especially at the boundary from loess layer L2 to paleosol layer S1. In the age model by correlation of loess grain size with the benthic oxygen isotope (δ18O) records, the lack of paleosol and low magnetic susceptibility during the marine isotope stage 5e are substantially different from the observations in other loess-paleosol sequences on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Here, we analyzed the oxygen isotope composition of microcodium from the upper loess layer L2 and paleosol layer S1 of the Mangshan section to reconstruct the oxygen isotopic stratigraphy. Comparing it with the absolute-dating speleothem δ18O record, we suggest corresponding the paleosol layer S1 to the last interglacial, which is consistent with other loess-paleosol sequences on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Our study provides a new method for the loess chronology by tuning the microcodium δ18O record to the absolute-dating speleothem δ18O record.
莽山剖面是中国黄土高原东南缘稀缺而珍贵的高沉积矿床,可用于高分辨率古气候重建。虽然S2古沉积层以上沉积的年代学在冰期-间冰期的时间尺度上已经确定,但在轨道时间尺度上,特别是在黄土层L2与古沉积层S1的交界处还需要进一步完善。在通过黄土粒度与底栖生物氧同位素(δ18O)记录相关性建立的年龄模型中,海洋同位素阶段5e的古沉积缺失和低磁感应强度与中国黄土高原其他黄土-古沉积序列的观测结果有很大不同。在此,我们分析了邙山剖面上部黄土层L2和古沉积层S1的微钠氧同位素组成,重建了氧同位素地层。将其与绝对年代的岩浆δ18O记录相比较,我们认为古溶胶层S1对应于上一个间冰期,这与中国黄土高原上的其他黄土-古溶胶序列是一致的。我们的研究通过调整微钠δ18O记录与绝对定年的岩浆δ18O记录,为黄土年代学提供了一种新方法。
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引用次数: 0
Ethnic conflicts and their relationship with temperature change in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its vicinity during the past 2000 years 过去 2000 年青藏高原东部及其附近地区的民族冲突及其与气温变化的关系
IF 1.9 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.09.005
Rengzhen Shi , Yun Su , Jingxue Pan , Yuan Kang
In the context of global warming, the study of climate change and its impacts has garnered significant attention. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with its unique natural environment and socio-cultural significance, plays a crucial role in climate change and the development of the Chinese nation. Investigating the historical interactions, development, and socio-climatic background of the nomadic groups on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and agricultural ethnic groups in eastern China contributes to understanding the intrinsic mechanisms of how climate change affects the social interconnectivity of different ethnic groups. This paper is founded on an analysis of 450 conflict events between these groups, as reflected in ancient Chinese war chronicles and ethnic relations annals, creating a decadal conflict sequence from the Eastern Han to the Qing Dynasty (25AD-1910AD). The study conducts a correlation analysis and phase-wise statistical comparison between the climate research findings and the ethnic conflict sequence, specifically examining their relationship with temperature. The main findings are: (1) From the Eastern Han to the Qing Dynasty, a total of 876 conflicts occurred between the ethnic groups in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its vicinity (averaging 4.6 conflicts per decade), with 62.1% initiated by the Ethnic groups on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and 66.6% won by the Ethnic groups in eastern China; (2) The frequency of conflicts is primarily correlated with temperatures in the Eastern region, with a less distinct correlation in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. During overall warmer periods, conflict incidents were more frequent, with a higher proportion initiated by the Ethnic groups on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Conversely, in colder periods, there were fewer conflicts, with an increased proportion initiated by the Ethnic groups in eastern China; (3) Unlike conflicts between the Ethnic groups in northwestern and eastern China, the Ethnic groups on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau's external expansion was not a primary objective, indicating that the conflicts were mainly driven by regional economic strength and land productivity. The temperature can reduce land productivity by limiting the growth potential of crops and livestock or by reducing the advance to restrict their production. As a result, water resources, as a condition of land productivity variation, and climate became significant backgrounds for ethnic interactions.
在全球气候变暖的背景下,气候变化及其影响的研究备受关注。青藏高原以其独特的自然环境和社会文化意义,在气候变化和中华民族的发展中发挥着至关重要的作用。研究青藏高原游牧民族与中国东部农业民族的历史互动、发展和社会气候背景,有助于理解气候变化如何影响不同民族社会相互联系的内在机制。本文基于对中国古代战争编年史和民族关系年鉴中反映的 450 起族群间冲突事件的分析,建立了从东汉到清代(公元 25 年-1910 年)的十年冲突序列。本研究对气候研究成果和民族冲突序列进行了相关分析和分期统计比较,特别是考察了它们与气温的关系。主要发现有(1)从东汉到清代,青藏高原东部及其附近地区的民族冲突共发生 876 次(平均每十年 4.6 次),其中 62.1%的冲突由青藏高原上的民族发起,66.6%的冲突由华东地区的民族获胜;(2)冲突发生的频率主要与华东地区的气温相关,青藏高原的相关性不明显。在总体气温较高的时期,冲突事件更为频繁,青藏高原民族群体引发冲突的比例较高。相反,在气温较低的时期,冲突事件较少,而由中国东部民族发起的冲突事件比例增加;(3)与中国西北部和东部民族之间的冲突不同,青藏高原民族对外扩张不是主要目的,这表明冲突主要是由地区经济实力和土地生产力所驱动的。气温会限制农作物和牲畜的生长潜力,或减少前进限制其生产,从而降低土地生产力。因此,作为土地生产力变化条件的水资源和气候成为民族互动的重要背景。
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引用次数: 0
Linguistic, archaeological and genetic evidence suggests multiple agriculture-driven migrations of Sino-Tibetan speakers from Northern China to the Indian subcontinent 语言学、考古学和遗传学证据表明,汉藏语系人口从中国北部向印度次大陆进行了多次由农业驱动的迁徙
IF 1.9 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.09.001
Guillaume Jacques , Chris Stevens
The spread of language families is hypothesized to have occurred via agricultural and demographic transitions that drove populations outwards from agricultural centres of origin, “demic diffusion”. However, the geographical origins of language families are often tied to where greatest linguistic diversity is seen. For the Sino-Tibetan language family this creates a conflict, as maximal linguistic diversity lies in North-Eastern India and Nepal, whereas centres of Neolithic crop domestication in the Yellow and Yangtze River Basins have low linguistic diversity today. Therefore either Sino-Tibetan languages originated in North-Eastern India, and spread by means other than demic diffusion; or multiple diffusions of agriculturalists occurred from a once linguistically diverse homeland, in which linguistic diversity was maintained or increased as peoples spread westwards, but was lost in the homeland.
To explore these two hypotheses, using evidence from linguistics, archaeology and genetics, we compiled existing data on Chinese millets, cultivated trees, and agricultural tools (harvesting knives, shouldered spades) alongside data for wheat and barley from Western Eurasia. These elements were explored alongside existing information from genetic studies and for West Asian animal domesticates.
We differentiate a northern cultural and southern demic diffusion for various elements originating in East Asia. In Central Asia a small number of eastern Eurasian elements (millets by 2500 BC, spades by 1st millennium BC) spread west through pre-existing agricultural populations by cultural-diffusion, but significantly did not include language families nor genetic lineages. The southern dispersal driven by demic diffusion of millet farmers carried a more expansive range of eastern cultural elements; millets, spades, hairpins, harvesting knives, house plans, and significantly languages and genetic lineages. We hypothesize a period of demic diffusion beginning c.2500-2000 BC from the southeastern Plateau through Eastern Tibet and the Himalayan foothills, brought peoples, languages and Eastern Eurasian cultural elements eventually to the Kashmir region. We conclude two routes, the Sichuan–Tibet–Kashmir and Yunnan–Assam ones, are the most plausible pathways linking Northern China and Northern India during this period.
据推测,语系的传播是通过农业和人口结构的转变,即 "人口扩散",促使人口从农业起源中心向外迁移。然而,语系的地理起源往往与语言多样性最丰富的地方联系在一起。对于汉藏语系来说,这就产生了矛盾,因为印度东北部和尼泊尔的语言多样性最高,而黄河流域和长江流域的新石器时代作物驯化中心如今的语言多样性却很低。因此,要么汉藏语系起源于印度东北部,并通过其他方式传播;要么农耕民族从曾经语言多样的故土多次传播,随着民族向西传播,语言多样性得以保持或增加,但在故土却消失了。为了探索这两种假设,我们利用语言学、考古学和遗传学的证据,将中国黍类、栽培树木和农具(收割刀、肩锹)的现有数据与欧亚大陆西部的小麦和大麦数据进行了汇编。我们将起源于东亚的各种因素区分为北方文化传播和南方文化传播。在中亚,少数欧亚大陆东部元素(公元前 2500 年的黍和公元前一千年的锹)通过文化扩散向西传播,但主要不包括语系和基因系。在粟农的消解性扩散推动下,向南方的传播携带了更多的东方文化元素:黍、锹、发簪、收割刀、房屋平面图,以及重要的语言和遗传系。我们推测,大约从公元前 2500-2000 年开始,从东南高原经西藏东部和喜马拉雅山麓进行了一段脱胎换骨的扩散,将民族、语言和欧亚大陆东部的文化元素最终带到了克什米尔地区。我们的结论是,川藏-克什米尔和云南-阿萨姆这两条路线是这一时期连接中国北部和印度北部的最合理途径。
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引用次数: 0
Morphogenetic and palaeoenvironmental evolution of the Lagoon of Kotychi in western Peloponnese, Greece, during the Holocene 全新世期间希腊西伯罗奔尼撒半岛科蒂奇泻湖的形态和古环境演变
IF 1.9 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.014
Diana Barra , Carlo Donadio , Luca Lämmle , Archimedes Perez Filho , Leonidas Stamatopoulos , Alessio Valente , Nikolaos Kontopoulos , Roberta Parisi , Corrado Stanislao , Giuseppe Aiello
Multidisciplinary researches allowed us to describe the morphological and palaeoenvironmental dynamics of the Kotychi Lagoon in the Holocene. This transition environment is separated from the open sea by a low barrier and has limited communication with it through a stable, short, and narrow inlet. The lagoon is limited by a modern alluvial plain made by several streams. Along the landward lagoon margins, small-scale deltas of these streams prograded into the lagoon. Intertidal and supratidal mud flats developed among the deltas, covered with vegetation (e.g., Salicornia sp.). Northwards, the lagoon is limited by a large marshy area. To the North of this area, a group of well-developed beach ridges parallel to the current shoreline is present. These are affected by erosion, and migrating sandy dunes have buried some of the beach ridges. South of the lagoon, the ancient Peneus River delta is located. The bottom depth in the Kotychi Lagoon decreases gradually from the landward of the barrier to the inner lagoon margins. Although the maximum depth is about 2.5 m in front of the inlet, the average depth is only 0.5 m. The main lithological type of the lagoon sediments is sandy mud, with some exceptions in the eastern edge of the lagoon and some locations around it where silty-clayey sediment was deposited. According to geomorphological surveys and palaeoecological interpretation of two cores analysis as well as with previous researches and datings, the recent morphogenetic evolution of this lagoon is mainly due to three Holocene phases: 1) 7-4 ka BP: sediment filling, development of a primitive open lagoon; 2) 4–1.5 ka BP: development of sandy ridges, partially closed lagoon; 3) 1.5 ka BP - present-day: closed lagoon, with one mouth. Fractal analysis confirms that currently the basin shape is evolving from a lagoon towards a coastal pond, due to contraction and filling up by sediments.
通过多学科研究,我们得以描述全新世科蒂奇泻湖的形态和古环境动态。这一过渡环境被一道低矮的屏障与公海隔开,并通过一个稳定、短而窄的入口与公海进行有限的交流。泻湖受到几条溪流冲积而成的现代冲积平原的限制。沿着泻湖的陆地边缘,这些溪流的小规模三角洲逐渐汇入泻湖。在三角洲之间形成了潮间带和潮上带泥滩,上面覆盖着植被(如沙棘属植物)。向北,泻湖受到大片沼泽地的限制。在这一区域的北部,有一组与当前海岸线平行的发育良好的滩脊。这些沙滩受到侵蚀的影响,移动的沙丘掩埋了一些沙滩山脊。泻湖南部是古老的佩内厄斯河三角洲。科蒂奇泻湖的水底深度从屏障的陆地向内泻湖边缘逐渐减小。泻湖沉积物的主要岩性类型是砂质泥,但泻湖东部边缘及其周围的一些地方除外,那里沉积着淤泥质粘土。根据地貌调查和两个岩心分析的古生态学解释,以及以往的研究和数据,该泻湖近期的形态演变主要分为三个全新世阶段:1) 公元前 7-4 千年:沉积物填充,形成原始的开放泻湖;2) 公元前 4-1.5 千年:形成沙脊,泻湖部分封闭;3) 公元前 1.5 千年至今:泻湖封闭,只有一个口。分形分析证实,由于沉积物的收缩和填充,目前盆地的形状正从泻湖向沿岸池塘演变。
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引用次数: 0
Late Holocene morphosedimentary and palaeoenvironmental study of the Middle Drâa river basin (southeastern Morocco) 德拉河中游流域(摩洛哥东南部)全新世晚期形态沉积和古环境研究
IF 1.9 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.09.003
Fatima Saadi , Larbi Boudad , Jean-François Berger
The alluvial filling of the middle basin of the Drâa River (southeastern Morocco) has recorded hydrogeomorphological responses to environmental changes. A systematic study of the Holocene fluvial terraces along an upstream-downstream section of about a hundred kilometers, combined with a sedimentary multiproxy study, was carried out on the alluvial archives of the Drâa's river. The stratigraphic field studies, combined with granulometric and geochemical X-ray Fluorescence analyses and radiocarbon dating, enable us to propose, for the first time, a reconstruction of the major stages in the morpho-hydrodynamic and paleo-environmental evolution of the middle Drâa river over the past 3500 years. Our results highlight six morpho-hydrodynamic and paleoenvironmental phases. Between 3500–2700 and 1800–1600 cal BP, the Drâa river was highly active, associated with torrential activity, reflecting arid climatic conditions. The lack of sedimentary record observed between 2800 and 2350 cal BP points either to a phase of erosion, or to a minimal and discontinuous activity that left no traces in the studied archives. The periods 2350–1800 (Roman Warm Period) and 1600–550 cal BP (Medieval Climate Anomaly) are characterized by strong fine and more regular alluviation punctuated by episodes of low energy of the Drâa floodplain, sometimes favoring fluviosols development that showed similar characteristics in the three outcrops studied. Finally, from 550 cal BP the fluvial records generally shows signs of anthropization, marked by the formation of anthrosols characteristic of fluvial oasis construction, and associated with the presence of ceramics and hearths, in which eolization features are frequent. The comparison of Drâa evolution in a broader paleohydrological and climatic context, integrating other Moroccan studies and regional data, shows solid connection with the river, lakes, and marine archives from the southern Mediterranean to the Western Sahelian steppe zones, revealing a clear response of this large hydrosystem to regional climatic variations.
德拉河(摩洛哥东南部)中游流域的冲积层记录了水文地质对环境变化的反应。对德拉河冲积层档案进行了系统研究,对上游至下游约一百公里的全新世河川阶地进行了系统研究,并进行了沉积多代研究。通过地层实地研究,结合粒度分析和地球化学 X 射线荧光分析以及放射性碳年代测定,我们首次提出了重建 Drâa 河中游过去 3500 年形态-水动力和古环境演变的主要阶段。我们的研究结果强调了六个形态-水动力和古环境阶段。在公元前 3500-2700 年和公元前 1800-1600 年之间,德拉河水流高度活跃,伴随着暴雨活动,反映了干旱的气候条件。公元前 2800 年至 2350 年期间缺乏沉积物记录,这表明当时处于侵蚀阶段,或者说当时的活动极少且不连续,在所研究的档案中没有留下任何痕迹。公元前 2350 至 1800 年(罗马温暖时期)和公元前 1600 至 550 年(中世纪气候异常时期)的特点是冲积强烈且更有规律,其间德拉洪泛区的能量较低,有时有利于淤积土的形成,这在所研究的三个露头中表现出相似的特征。最后,从公元前 550 年开始,河道记录普遍显示出人类化的迹象,其标志是形成了河道绿洲建设所特有的人类溶胶,并与陶瓷和炉灶的存在相关联,其中经常出现沉积特征。结合其他摩洛哥研究和地区数据,在更广泛的古水文和气候背景下对德拉雅的演变进行比较,显示出与从地中海南部到西萨赫勒草原区的河流、湖泊和海洋档案的紧密联系,揭示了这一大型水系对地区气候变异的明显反应。
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引用次数: 0
Bows and arrows in South America: Advances and debates 南美洲的弓箭:进展与争论
IF 1.9 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.09.002
Erik J. Marsh, Silvina Celeste Castro, Lucía Yebra, Valeria Cortegoso
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引用次数: 0
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Quaternary International
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