Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.004
The southward flowing California Current, which lies adjacent to the California Pacific coastline as part of the North Pacific Ocean gyre circulation, is an important element in characterizing California's climate variability. This study improves and extends the historic record of California Current temperatures along the Southern California coastline for the last 71 years. The data come from long-term sea surface temperature measurements determined by the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) partners. The sea-surface temperature measurements come from a grid of 31 oceanic sampling sites within the core of the California Current off the Southern California coast. The sites have been sampled intermittently over the course of each year with ∼100 measurements/year on average. The Southern California Current temperatures in our grid have risen ∼2.5 °C since 1949.The California current temperatures are strongly correlated with the larger-scale North Pacific Ocean Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index and the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NGPO) index. All three show distinctive correlation with decadal (∼14-yr) California rainfall cyclicity.
{"title":"California Current temperatures adjacent to Southern California: 1949–2020","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The southward flowing California Current, which lies adjacent to the California Pacific coastline as part of the North Pacific Ocean gyre circulation, is an important element in characterizing California's </span>climate variability<span>. This study improves and extends the historic record of California Current temperatures along the Southern California coastline for the last 71 years. The data come from long-term sea surface temperature measurements determined by the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) partners. The sea-surface temperature measurements come from a grid of 31 oceanic sampling sites within the core of the California Current off the Southern California coast. The sites have been sampled intermittently over the course of each year with ∼100 measurements/year on average. The Southern California Current temperatures in our grid have risen ∼2.5 °C since 1949.The California current temperatures are strongly correlated with the larger-scale North Pacific Ocean </span></span>Pacific Decadal Oscillation<span> (PDO) index and the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NGPO) index. All three show distinctive correlation with decadal (∼14-yr) California rainfall cyclicity.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141846585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.06.001
Tsunami deposits provide evidence of historical and prehistorical events. However, their preservation in tropical regions is generally poor. The reasons behind this poor preservation are often linked to a number of environmental and anthropogenic factors. This study is focused on analyzing the environmental factors that impact the preservation and availability of tsunami deposits specifically in tropical regions. These factors predominantly encompass climate-related elements such as consistently high temperatures, rainfall, humidity, as well as specific soil processes, oceanic conditions, and vegetation. We compiled a comprehensive database of scientific publications on tsunami deposits, identifying the geomorphic environments where such deposits are typically preserved, as well as the commonly utilized proxies in studying tsunami deposits across different climatic zones. We propose a model that outlines the environmental factors, processes, and their interrelationships that contribute to the preservation and availability of tsunami deposits in tropical regions. This model may prove valuable in the future identification of tsunami deposits in tropical areas.
{"title":"Tsunami deposits in tropical regions: A review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tsunami deposits provide evidence of historical and prehistorical events. However, their preservation in tropical regions is generally poor. The reasons behind this poor preservation are often linked to a number of environmental and anthropogenic factors. This study is focused on analyzing the environmental factors that impact the preservation and availability of tsunami deposits specifically in tropical regions. These factors predominantly encompass climate-related elements such as consistently high temperatures, rainfall, humidity, as well as specific soil processes, oceanic conditions, and vegetation. We compiled a comprehensive database of scientific publications on tsunami deposits, identifying the geomorphic environments where such deposits are typically preserved, as well as the commonly utilized proxies in studying tsunami deposits across different climatic zones. We propose a model that outlines the environmental factors, processes, and their interrelationships that contribute to the preservation and availability of tsunami deposits in tropical regions. This model may prove valuable in the future identification of tsunami deposits in tropical areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618224001836/pdfft?md5=1906bfe45738d953af4d7ff913621402&pid=1-s2.0-S1040618224001836-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141396115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.008
Ancient pottery fragments from the Churajon archaeological complex, Arequipa, Peru, were analyzed by OSL, XRD, and XRF techniques to provide absolute chronology, crystalline structure, and elemental composition. The fragments with base and rim have been projected with design techniques used in archaeology to find the type of vessel to which it belongs. After chemical treatment of the ceramic fragments, quartz grains were obtained. The analysis of the diffraction patterns obtained by the XRD technique of these grains corresponds to that of silicon dioxide SiO2. By the XRF technique, SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 have been observed as the main components. For equivalent dose (De) determination, SAR protocol was employed. For the dose rate (Dr) determination, the 232Th, 238U, and 40K- concentrations within the ceramic and of the surrounding sediments were measured using the gamma spectroscopy technique. The ages of the ceramic fragments found range from the colonial era (from 1530 to 1821 A.D.) to the eruption of the Huaynaputina volcano (1600 A.D.) with an Engobated and Simple Churajon style. The oldest pottery dated to 1043 ± 198 yr, which corresponds to the Late Intermediate period with a Middle Churajon style (1200–1350 A.D.).
{"title":"Quartz OSL dating of ancient ceramics fragments from the Churajon archaeological complex in Arequipa, Peru","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ancient pottery fragments from the Churajon archaeological complex, Arequipa, Peru, were analyzed by OSL, XRD, and XRF techniques to provide absolute chronology, crystalline structure, and elemental composition. The fragments with base and rim have been projected with design techniques used in archaeology to find the type of vessel to which it belongs. After chemical treatment of the ceramic fragments, quartz grains were obtained. The analysis of the diffraction patterns obtained by the XRD technique of these grains corresponds to that of silicon dioxide SiO<sub>2</sub>. By the XRF technique, SiO<sub>2</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> have been observed as the main components. For equivalent dose (D<sub>e</sub>) determination, SAR protocol was employed. For the dose rate (D<sub>r</sub>) determination, the <sup>232</sup>Th, <sup>238</sup>U, and <sup>40</sup>K- concentrations within the ceramic and of the surrounding sediments were measured using the gamma spectroscopy technique. The ages of the ceramic fragments found range from the colonial era (from 1530 to 1821 A.D.) to the eruption of the Huaynaputina volcano (1600 A.D.) with an Engobated and Simple Churajon style. The oldest pottery dated to 1043 ± 198 yr, which corresponds to the Late Intermediate period with a Middle Churajon style (1200–1350 A.D.).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141840172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.002
Paleolimnology is a rapidly expanding field within the natural sciences. To date, many scientific papers have been published focusing on studies of remains from single sediment cores in specific lakes, or a few cores from the same water body. However, few previous publications have provided a comprehensive comparative analysis of taphocenosis (and maternal community) changes in different water bodies from a large geographical region during whole Holocene using multivariate statistical methods. We conducted a joined statistical analysis of data obtained as a result of the cladoceran analysis of the sediment samples from six cores taken along the North-South transect from the Kola Peninsula to the Karelian Region (North-West Russia). Our aim was to identify, based on quantitative statistical methods, general whole-Holocene patterns in cladoceran taphocenosis changes. All taphocenoses in all cores from six lakes can be classified into six clusters based on their species composition. Our unexpected conclusion is that different taphocoenoses are formed by the same set of species, but their proportions vary significantly. This suggests that the same species may play different functional roles in different maternal communities. During whole Holocene, we observed a single taphocenosis cluster in the Holocene core from Lake Antyukh-Lambina, and four taphocenosis clusters in the Lake Medvedevskoe, with an intermediate number of clusters in the lakes between them. Furthermore, it can be asserted that the potential for cluster changes in the core is greater for the more southern studied water bodies (0–3 clusters for northern lakes vs. 4 clusters for southern lakes). Based on our data, we hypothesize that the diversity of cladoceran associations during the Holocene was lower in Arctic/Subarctic lakes, possibly due to their formation by ubiquitous species. Our study suggests that at least some Arctic lake ecosystems have remained unchanged since deglaciation times. Further studies are necessary to determine if this is a general rule.
{"title":"Latitudinal patterns of shifts in cladoceran communities throughout the Holocene: A paleoecological case study of northwestern Russia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Paleolimnology<span> is a rapidly expanding field within the natural sciences. To date, many scientific papers have been published focusing on studies of remains from single sediment cores<span> in specific lakes, or a few cores from the same water body. However, few previous publications have provided a comprehensive comparative analysis of taphocenosis (and maternal community) changes in different water bodies from a large </span></span></span>geographical region<span><span> during whole Holocene using multivariate statistical methods. We conducted a joined statistical analysis of data obtained as a result of the </span>cladoceran<span><span><span> analysis of the sediment samples from six cores taken along the North-South transect from the Kola Peninsula to the Karelian Region (North-West Russia). Our aim was to identify, based on quantitative statistical methods, general whole-Holocene patterns in cladoceran taphocenosis changes. All taphocenoses in all cores from six lakes can be classified into six clusters based on their species composition. Our unexpected conclusion is that different taphocoenoses are formed by the same set of species, but their proportions vary significantly. This suggests that the same species may play different functional roles in different maternal communities. During whole Holocene, we observed a single taphocenosis cluster in the Holocene core from Lake Antyukh-Lambina, and four taphocenosis clusters in the Lake Medvedevskoe, with an intermediate number of clusters in the lakes between them. Furthermore, it can be asserted that the potential for cluster changes in the core is greater for the more southern studied water bodies (0–3 clusters for northern lakes vs. 4 clusters for southern lakes). Based on our data, we hypothesize that the diversity of cladoceran associations during the Holocene was lower in Arctic/Subarctic lakes, possibly due to their formation by ubiquitous species. Our study suggests that at least some Arctic </span>lake ecosystems have remained unchanged since </span>deglaciation times. Further studies are necessary to determine if this is a general rule.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141853767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.007
Beachrock formations represent a powerful paleo-environmental proxy in tectonically active coasts because they are ideal marker horizons for reconstructing past sea-level positions and revealing vertical uplift rates. In this study, beachrocks from the Tekirdağ-Altınova coastal area were used to model the evolution of the late Holocene coastline in the northern Sea of Marmara.
As the Tekirdağ-Altınova coastal area is located in the tectonically active western Marmara region, this study aimed to investigate the role of tectonic processes in the late Holocene evolution of the coastal landscape in the study area by assessing long-term vertical deformation rates. To document and estimate coastal uplift, lesser known submerged beachrocks within the nearshore coastal area of the northern Sea of Marmara were analyzed with novel laser ablation (LA)–accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and standard 14C-AMS techniques and correlated with late Holocene sea level variations. The preservation state of these beachrocks allowed for their identification and mapping through the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a high-resolution (5 cm) camera, followed by sampling via the coring method.
The determined ages of marine shells and calcite cements from selected samples of submerged beachrock span between 2.6 and 13.6 ky BP. These ages could be correlated with the late Holocene sea-level highstand and were used to estimate the long-term uplift rate. Based on these findings, an uplift rate of approximately 0.56–0.79 mm/yr over the last 6500 years has been suggested for the area studied.
{"title":"Late Holocene submerged beachrocks in the Sea of Marmara (Tekirdağ-Altınova, NW Türkiye): Revealing the tectonic uplift rate through radiocarbon dating","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Beachrock formations represent a powerful paleo-environmental proxy in tectonically active coasts because they are ideal marker horizons for reconstructing past sea-level positions and revealing vertical uplift rates. In this study, beachrocks from the Tekirdağ-Altınova coastal area were used to model the evolution of the late </span>Holocene coastline in the northern Sea of Marmara.</p><p><span>As the Tekirdağ-Altınova coastal area is located in the tectonically active western Marmara region, this study aimed to investigate the role of tectonic processes in the late Holocene evolution of the coastal landscape in the study area by assessing long-term vertical deformation rates. To document and estimate coastal uplift, lesser known submerged beachrocks within the nearshore coastal area of the northern Sea of Marmara were analyzed with novel laser ablation (LA)–accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and standard </span><sup>14</sup><span>C-AMS techniques and correlated with late Holocene sea level variations. The preservation state of these beachrocks allowed for their identification and mapping through the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a high-resolution (5 cm) camera, followed by sampling via the coring method.</span></p><p>The determined ages of marine shells and calcite cements from selected samples of submerged beachrock span between 2.6 and 13.6 ky BP. These ages could be correlated with the late Holocene sea-level highstand and were used to estimate the long-term uplift rate. Based on these findings, an uplift rate of approximately 0.56–0.79 mm/yr over the last 6500 years has been suggested for the area studied.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141848163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.001
Shangshan is the earliest Neolithic culture discovered in the lower Yangtze region and is significant as one of the origins of rice agriculture worldwide. During the Early Holocene, the Shangshan human groups settled in the river basins of the upper Qiantang region and transitioned from hunter-gatherers to farmers. Little is known about the dominant factors motivating them to settle down and their occupation patterns for adapting to local environments. To address these issues, we applied an ad hoc method by coupling landform classification, geomorphic fieldwork, accessibility analysis, and flood risk assessment. The results of geomorphic and accessibility analyses show that the ancient residents preferred to occupy the edges of the Middle Pleistocene terraces along second- and third-order streams. These locations are mainly situated in the centers of river basins and have height differences of 5–15 m, less than approximately 15-min walking distance from streams, providing them with stable residential spaces and accessible water resources. Within the 10-min territorial scope, there are always some fluvial plains near the terrace edges, indicating that the plain is another critical landform utilized by the residents. The wide plains and a plain-terrace-upland geomorphic assemblage, within 1-h and 2-h scopes, respectively, imply that the residents started to develop agricultural land while they also exploited diverse environments to ensure a plentiful food supply. Furthermore, the hydrologic analysis and assessment reveal that the residents were aware of the potential flood risks: their settlements are located at 30-min walking distance or greater from the high-order streams; most sites are exposed to low flood risks, with average percentages of unflooded territory greater than 67% and 43% in the minor and large flood scenarios, respectively; and each site has sufficient arable land with areas of 5–23 km2 within a 1-h scope, even under the large flood scenario. Overall, these results reveal that the river basins provided favorable living environments, and the residents could flexibly manage the landscapes to ensure stable settlements and food production, thus enabling the appearance and development of a sedentary society and rice agriculture during the early Holocene. Ultimately, the methods used in this study provide an effective approach to exploring the occupation patterns of prehistoric residents in the river basins.
上山文化是长江下游地区发现的最早的新石器时代文化,也是世界稻作农业的起源地之一。在全新世早期,上古人类定居在钱塘江上游流域,从狩猎采集者过渡到农民。人们对促使他们定居的主要因素及其适应当地环境的职业模式知之甚少。为了解决这些问题,我们采用了一种将地貌分类、地貌实地考察、可达性分析和洪水风险评估相结合的特别方法。地貌分析和可达性分析的结果表明,古代居民更喜欢占据中更新世阶地的二阶和三阶溪流的边缘。这些地点主要位于河流流域的中心,高差在 5-15 米之间,距离溪流的步行距离小于约 15 分钟,为他们提供了稳定的居住空间和可利用的水资源。在 10 分钟的地域范围内,台地边缘附近总是有一些河流平原,这表明平原是居民利用的另一种重要地貌。在 1 h 和 2 h 范围内,分别出现了宽阔的平原和平原-台地-高地地貌组合,这意味着居民在开始开发农田的同时,也在利用多样的环境来保证丰富的食物供应。此外,水文分析和评估显示,居民意识到了潜在的洪水风险:他们的居住地距离高阶河流的步行距离在 30 分钟或更远;大多数地点面临的洪水风险较低,在小洪水和大洪水情景下,未被洪水淹没的区域的平均百分比分别大于 67% 和 43%;即使在大洪水情景下,每个地点在 1 h 范围内也有足够的耕地,面积为 5-23 km2。总之,这些结果表明,河流流域提供了良好的生活环境,居民可以灵活地管理地貌,确保稳定的居住和粮食生产,从而使全新世早期定居社会和稻作农业得以出现和发展。最终,本研究采用的方法为探索河流流域史前居民的居住模式提供了有效途径。
{"title":"Occupation patterns during the Shangshan in the upper Qiantang River Basin, eastern China: A geomorphic study based on GIS","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Shangshan is the earliest Neolithic culture discovered in the lower Yangtze region and is significant as one of the origins of rice agriculture worldwide. During the Early Holocene<span>, the Shangshan human groups settled in the river basins of the upper Qiantang region and transitioned from hunter-gatherers to farmers. Little is known about the dominant factors motivating them to settle down and their occupation patterns for adapting to local environments. To address these issues, we applied an ad hoc method by coupling landform classification, geomorphic </span></span>fieldwork, accessibility analysis, and flood risk assessment. The results of geomorphic and accessibility analyses show that the ancient residents preferred to occupy the edges of the Middle Pleistocene terraces along second- and third-order streams. These locations are mainly situated in the centers of river basins and have height differences of 5–15 m, less than approximately 15-min walking distance from streams, providing them with stable residential spaces and accessible water resources. Within the 10-min territorial scope, there are always some fluvial plains near the terrace edges, indicating that the plain is another critical landform utilized by the residents. The wide plains and a plain-terrace-upland geomorphic assemblage, within 1-h and 2-h scopes, respectively, imply that the residents started to develop agricultural land while they also exploited diverse environments to ensure a plentiful food supply. Furthermore, the hydrologic analysis and assessment reveal that the residents were aware of the potential flood risks: their settlements are located at 30-min walking distance or greater from the high-order streams; most sites are exposed to low flood risks, with average percentages of unflooded territory greater than 67% and 43% in the minor and large flood scenarios, respectively; and each site has sufficient arable land with areas of 5–23 km</span><sup>2</sup><span> within a 1-h scope, even under the large flood scenario. Overall, these results reveal that the river basins provided favorable living environments, and the residents could flexibly manage the landscapes to ensure stable settlements and food production, thus enabling the appearance and development of a sedentary society and rice agriculture during the early Holocene. Ultimately, the methods used in this study provide an effective approach to exploring the occupation patterns of prehistoric residents in the river basins.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141851649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.003
The morphometric indices (MI) have been calculated along the Gavilgarh/Salbardi Fault (G/SF) to investigate active deformation, tectonic uplift, and basin tilt to find out its impact on the late Quaternary landscape. To explore the tectonic intensity, we computed MI such as stream-length gradient index (SL), hypsometric integral (HI), transverse topographic symmetry factor (T), asymmetry factor (Af), basin elongation ratio (Re), mountain front sinuosity (Smf) and valley floor width to valley height ratio (Vf). The necessary field investigations were carried out on the evolution of the Quaternary landscape to ascertain the various morphometric indices. The evaluated values of SL, HI, Re, Smf, and Vf show the high uplift of the northern block exists as opposed to the southern block, and the tilt and asymmetric character of the basins are shown by T and Af values. The presence of sedimentary landscapes like Quaternary alluvium, triangular facets, natural levees, and boulder-pebbly beds, indicates that the area has recently experienced tectonic activity. The assessed values of MI with supporting field evidence proposed that the northern block is uplifted and the basins are tilted because of the effect of G/SF.
我们计算了加维尔加尔/萨尔巴迪断层(G/SF)沿线的形态指数(MI),以研究活动变形、构造抬升和盆地倾斜对第四纪晚期地貌的影响。为了探究构造强度,我们计算了流长梯度指数(SL)、湿度积分(HI)、横向地形对称因子(T)、不对称因子(Af)、盆地伸长比(Re)、山前正弦度(Smf)和谷底宽度与谷高比(Vf)等多元智能指标。对第四纪地貌的演变进行了必要的实地调查,以确定各种形态计量指数。SL、HI、Re、Smf 和 Vf 的评估值显示,北部地块的隆起程度高于南部地块,而 T 和 Af 值则显示了盆地的倾斜和不对称特征。第四纪冲积层、三角面、天然堤坝和大石卵石床等沉积地貌的存在,表明该地区最近经历了构造活动。根据 MI 的评估值和实地佐证,北部地块由于 G/SF 的影响而隆起,盆地倾斜。
{"title":"Implications of active Gavilgarh/Salbardi fault on the evolution of the late Quaternary landscape in Central India","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The morphometric indices (MI) have been calculated along the Gavilgarh/Salbardi Fault (G/SF) to investigate active deformation, tectonic uplift, and basin tilt to find out its impact on the late Quaternary landscape. To explore the tectonic intensity, we computed MI such as stream-length gradient index (SL), hypsometric integral (HI), transverse topographic symmetry factor (T), asymmetry factor (Af), basin elongation ratio (Re), mountain front sinuosity (Smf) and valley floor width to valley height ratio (Vf). The necessary field investigations were carried out on the evolution of the Quaternary landscape to ascertain the various morphometric indices. The evaluated values of SL, HI, Re, Smf, and Vf show the high uplift of the northern block exists as opposed to the southern block, and the tilt and asymmetric character of the basins are shown by T and Af values. The presence of sedimentary landscapes like Quaternary alluvium, triangular facets, natural levees, and boulder-pebbly beds, indicates that the area has recently experienced tectonic activity. The assessed values of MI with supporting field evidence proposed that the northern block is uplifted and the basins are tilted because of the effect of G/SF.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141713341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.06.007
Coastal aeolian deposits are product of the coupling between aerodynamics and coastal hydrodynamics, which is of great significance for reconstructing aeolian activities and the coastal environmental change. Here, we investigated the coastal aeolian deposits on Changxing Island, northeastern China, using geochemistry and microscopy of the minerals together with the published sedimentological data. The results showed that aeolian deposits are mainly derived from beach sands reworked by wind. Previously published Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating results show that the deposition ages of the aeolian deposits are 41 ka, 49 ka, and 67 ka, respectively. The sedimentologic and geochemistry of aeolian deposits are sensitive to climate change. Notably, the micromorphology structure of the surface of quartz sand particles reveals the process of the coastal environment evolution. ∼41 ka, the surface of the grains is characterized by significant subaqueous environments, showing subangular with high relief, large conchoidal fracture, and V-shaped pits. These features correspond to the early sub-interstadial stage of MIS3, characterized by a warm and humid climate and sea level highstand. Under the relative sea level rise, the high rate of sand supply produced by coastal erosion contribute to aeolian deposit formation. In contrast, at 49 ka and 67 ka, the quartz grain exhibits typical aeolian environment features that exhibits subrounded with low relief, upturned plates, and dish-shaped pits, which respond to glacial periods of cold and windy conditions and sea level lowstand. The exposure of abundant sandy material, coupled with lower vegetation cover and strong East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) contribute to higher sediment availability and sand accumulation. We therefore propose that sediment supply control by sea-level change is the primary reason for coastal aeolian sand deposition under different climatic backgrounds.
滨海风积物是空气动力学和海岸流体力学耦合的产物,对重建风化活动和海岸环境变化具有重要意义。在此,我们利用矿物地球化学和显微镜学方法,结合已发表的沉积学资料,对中国东北长兴岛的滨海风化沉积进行了研究。结果表明,风积物主要来源于经风再加工的海滩砂。此前公布的光激发发光(OSL)测年结果显示,风积物的沉积年龄分别为 41 ka、49 ka 和 67 ka。风积物的沉积学和地球化学对气候变化非常敏感。值得注意的是,石英砂颗粒表面的微形态结构揭示了海岸环境的演化过程。这些特征与 MIS3 亚中期早期气候温暖湿润、海平面高的特点相吻合。在海平面相对升高的情况下,海岸侵蚀产生的大量海沙有助于风化沉积的形成。相比之下,在 49 ka ka 和 67 ka ka,石英颗粒呈现出典型的风化环境特征,表现为近圆形低凸起、上翘的板块和碟形凹坑,这与冰川期寒冷多风和海平面低洼的条件相呼应。大量沙质物质的暴露,加上较低的植被覆盖率和强劲的东亚冬季季风(EAWM),都有助于提高沉积物的可用性和沙的积累。因此,我们认为海平面变化对沉积物供应的控制是不同气候背景下沿岸风化砂沉积的主要原因。
{"title":"Late Pleistocene depositional processes of coastal aeolian deposits and their relationship with environment change on the Changxing Island of Liaodong Peninsula, northeastern China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coastal aeolian deposits are product of the coupling between aerodynamics and coastal hydrodynamics, which is of great significance for reconstructing aeolian activities and the coastal environmental change. Here, we investigated the coastal aeolian deposits on Changxing Island, northeastern China, using geochemistry and microscopy of the minerals together with the published sedimentological data. The results showed that aeolian deposits are mainly derived from beach sands reworked by wind. Previously published Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating results show that the deposition ages of the aeolian deposits are 41 ka, 49 ka, and 67 ka, respectively. The sedimentologic and geochemistry of aeolian deposits are sensitive to climate change. Notably, the micromorphology structure of the surface of quartz sand particles reveals the process of the coastal environment evolution. ∼41 ka, the surface of the grains is characterized by significant subaqueous environments, showing subangular with high relief, large conchoidal fracture, and V-shaped pits. These features correspond to the early sub-interstadial stage of MIS3, characterized by a warm and humid climate and sea level highstand. Under the relative sea level rise, the high rate of sand supply produced by coastal erosion contribute to aeolian deposit formation. In contrast, at 49 ka and 67 ka, the quartz grain exhibits typical aeolian environment features that exhibits subrounded with low relief, upturned plates, and dish-shaped pits, which respond to glacial periods of cold and windy conditions and sea level lowstand. The exposure of abundant sandy material, coupled with lower vegetation cover and strong East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) contribute to higher sediment availability and sand accumulation. We therefore propose that sediment supply control by sea-level change is the primary reason for coastal aeolian sand deposition under different climatic backgrounds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.05.010
Bianfudong (pinyin for Bat Cave) is a paleolithic site that was recently discovered in Heqing, Yunnan in southwestern China. Several hominin fossils, stone artifacts and more than 69,000 mammal fossils were unearthed in 2019. The hominin fossils and stone artifacts were excavated from the upper part (layers 1–12) of the section with an age range of 180–70 ka BP. Some large mammal fossils and micromammalian remains were collected from the lower part of the section (layers 22–30), which has an age >180 ka BP. This paper describes the micromammalian fossils collected from layers 25–30 and analyzes the fauna composition and paleohabitats. A total of 638 micromammal specimens represent 12 species, including 11 extant species i.e. Euroscaptor longirostris, Blarinella wardi, Anourosorex squamipes, Crocidura vorax, Eothenomys (Anteliomys) chinensis, E. (A.) proditor, Apodemus chevrieri, Ap. draco, Ap. latronum, Micromys minutus, and Niviventer confucianus, and one extinct species Anourosorex qianensis. The two arvicolid Eothenomys species dominate, both in the number of identified specimens and the minimum number of individuals. The composition of the Bianfudong micromammalian fauna can be compared with the faunas of Sanjiacun in Chenggong of Yunnan Province, Mawokoudong in Bijie and Xinglongdong in Fengjie, Guizhou Province. Using the random forest model with modern meteorological data, we calculated the mean annual precipitation (MAP) and the mean annual temperature (MAT) for all 11 living species in the Bianfudong. The MAP was inferred as 1008.04 mm, close to modern data in the Heqing area, while the MAT was slightly lower at 12.84 °C. The dominance of Eothenomys also supports a slightly cooler climate during the late Middle Pleistocene in the Heqing area.
{"title":"Late Middle Pleistocene micromammals of the Bianfudong paleolithic site, Heqing, western Yunnan","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bianfudong (pinyin for Bat Cave) is a paleolithic site that was recently discovered in Heqing, Yunnan in southwestern China. Several hominin fossils, stone artifacts and more than 69,000 mammal fossils were unearthed in 2019. The hominin fossils and stone artifacts were excavated from the upper part (layers 1–12) of the section with an age range of 180–70 ka BP. Some large mammal fossils and micromammalian remains were collected from the lower part of the section (layers 22–30), which has an age >180 ka BP. This paper describes the micromammalian fossils collected from layers 25–30 and analyzes the fauna composition and paleohabitats. A total of 638 micromammal specimens represent 12 species, including 11 extant species i.e. <em>Euroscaptor longirostris</em>, <em>Blarinella wardi</em>, <em>Anourosorex squamipes</em>, <em>Crocidura vorax</em>, <em>Eothenomys</em> (<em>Anteliomys</em>) <em>chinensis</em>, <em>E.</em> (<em>A</em>.) <em>proditor</em>, <em>Apodemus chevrieri</em>, <em>Ap. draco</em>, <em>Ap. latronum</em>, <em>Micromys minutus</em>, and <em>Niviventer confucianus</em>, and one extinct species <em>Anourosorex qianensis.</em> The two arvicolid <em>Eothenomys</em> species dominate, both in the number of identified specimens and the minimum number of individuals. The composition of the Bianfudong micromammalian fauna can be compared with the faunas of Sanjiacun in Chenggong of Yunnan Province, Mawokoudong in Bijie and Xinglongdong in Fengjie, Guizhou Province. Using the random forest model with modern meteorological data, we calculated the mean annual precipitation (MAP) and the mean annual temperature (MAT) for all 11 living species in the Bianfudong. The MAP was inferred as 1008.04 mm, close to modern data in the Heqing area, while the MAT was slightly lower at 12.84 °C. The dominance of <em>Eothenomys</em> also supports a slightly cooler climate during the late Middle Pleistocene in the Heqing area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141728835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.06.010
Quaternary geomorphological dynamics in the lowland tropics of South America can be described from the stratigraphy of hillslope colluvium and alluvial deposits. The analysis of sediments through the identification of depositional microfeatures and biomineralized microfossils, combined with their absolute dating by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), allow the reconstruction of paleoenvironmental conditions. The objective of this work was to investigate the dynamics of depositional processes leading to colluvial deposition in the Araripe Plateau, Northeastern Brazil, from the analysis of stratigraphic sections, using phytoliths as indicators of paleovegetation and sediment micromorphology in the identification of depositional processes. The correlation of sediments ages, ranging from the OS3 to the OS2 (Last Glacial Maximum) with phytophysiognomy indices indicated the contribution and deposition of phytoliths from an arboreal/shrubby vegetation, replaced on the surface by grass vegetation. Periods of drier climates were correlated with LGM ages, with more open vegetation composed of grasses, in synchronously with less intense geomorphological events. The micromorphological analysis revealed that the characteristics of the deposits reflect more the action of depositional processes than pedogenetic ones. The correlation of phytolithic indices with micromorphology corroborated the environmental and geomorphological dynamics of the periods dated in the stratigraphic sections.
{"title":"Quaternary geomorphological dynamics of colluvial deposits from silicophytoliths and soil micromorphology, Araripe plateau, northeast of Brazil","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.06.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quaternary geomorphological dynamics in the lowland tropics of South America can be described from the stratigraphy of hillslope colluvium and alluvial deposits. The analysis of sediments through the identification of depositional microfeatures and biomineralized microfossils, combined with their absolute dating by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), allow the reconstruction of paleoenvironmental conditions. The objective of this work was to investigate the dynamics of depositional processes leading to colluvial deposition in the Araripe Plateau, Northeastern Brazil, from the analysis of stratigraphic sections, using phytoliths as indicators of paleovegetation and sediment micromorphology in the identification of depositional processes. The correlation of sediments ages, ranging from the OS3 to the OS2 (Last Glacial Maximum) with phytophysiognomy indices indicated the contribution and deposition of phytoliths from an arboreal/shrubby vegetation, replaced on the surface by grass vegetation. Periods of drier climates were correlated with LGM ages, with more open vegetation composed of grasses, in synchronously with less intense geomorphological events. The micromorphological analysis revealed that the characteristics of the deposits reflect more the action of depositional processes than pedogenetic ones. The correlation of phytolithic indices with micromorphology corroborated the environmental and geomorphological dynamics of the periods dated in the stratigraphic sections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141729147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}