Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2023.09.012
The aim of this paper is to present the archaeological data that allows us to characterise the agrarian practices of Roman farmers through the study of cultivated fields. To undertake this research, we designed an analytical strategy combining spatial analysis, microstratigraphic analysis through soil micromorphology and physical-chemical analyses of bulk soil samples, and archaeobotanical analyses including palynology, phytoliths and geochemical analysis. All this has allowed us to obtain data of interest for the reconstruction of agrarian land use and to establish a methodological basis for developing future research. This high-resolution, multiscalar, and multianalytical approach pursues to characterise these archaeological contexts to singularize intensive agricultural practices developed in terraced field. The creation of this Roman peasant landscape is related to a specific models of socioeconomic organisation of agricultural work based on the household and its workforce as a determining vector in agrarian intensification.
{"title":"Roman farmers in eastern Iberia: A spatial, geoarchaeological and bioarchaeological approach to agrarian strategies","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2023.09.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2023.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The aim of this paper is to present the archaeological data that allows us to characterise the agrarian practices of Roman farmers through the study of cultivated fields. To undertake this research, we designed an analytical strategy combining spatial analysis, microstratigraphic analysis through soil micromorphology and physical-chemical analyses of bulk soil samples, and archaeobotanical analyses including </span>palynology<span>, phytoliths and geochemical analysis. All this has allowed us to obtain data of interest for the reconstruction of agrarian land use and to establish a methodological basis for developing future research. This high-resolution, multiscalar, and multianalytical approach pursues to characterise these archaeological contexts to singularize intensive agricultural practices developed in terraced field. The creation of this Roman peasant landscape is related to a specific models of socioeconomic organisation of agricultural work based on the household and its workforce as a determining vector in agrarian intensification.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135567986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2023.10.008
Funerary cremations in Roman times were important rites of passage that involved the use of fire to accompany the dead into the afterlife. In the present study, we investigated the wood fuel that was used to build cremation pyres and the foodstuffs involved in offerings and funerary feasts in a necropolis of Barcino (present-day Barcelona), dated to the 1st century CE and located at the Sant Antoni Market site. Our approach began with the analysis of wood charcoal and fruit/seed remains, which were preserved over time through carbonisation. These archaeobotanical remains offer valuable insights into the selection of woody species and the condition of wood logs used for cremations. Additionally, they shed light on the food composition of offerings and feasts in this area of the Mediterranean coast, where data on such practices are scarce.
The anthracological analysis of different combustion structures revealed that the principal taxon used for the stacks was evergreen oak, with deciduous oak playing a significant role during the initial use of the necropolis. Dendro-anthracological analysis indicated that medium to large diameters wood logs of deciduous oak obtained from mature individuals were commonly employed. Moreover, charcoal analysis suggested the use of pruning remains from fruit trees such as olive, grapevine, walnut, plums, and members of the apple family, providing evidence of arboriculture practices in the city. Additionally, various minor woody species (Aleppo and mountain pines, juniper, cypress, mastic, and rockroses) may have had several functions, including symbolic sensory aspects relating to smell and good flammability, the constitution of small objects or furniture placed on the stack (boxwood), and fire kindling or decoration (mastic, rockroses, honeysuckle, and laurustinus).
Carpological analysis indicated that the most abundant offerings and/or feast remains consisted primarily of cultivated fruits such as figs, walnuts, and grapes, while pulses and cereals were comparatively scarce or absent. Finally, a noteworthy quantity of Arbutus berry remains was recorded, marking the first occurrence of such findings in similar Roman contexts to date.
{"title":"Pyre wood fuel and food remains in a necropolis of Barcino (Barcelona, NE Iberian Peninsula): The case of Sant Antoni Market site (1st century CE)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2023.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2023.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Funerary cremations in Roman times were important rites of passage that involved the use of fire to accompany the dead into the afterlife. In the present study, we investigated the wood fuel that was used to build cremation pyres and the foodstuffs involved in offerings and funerary feasts in a necropolis of Barcino (present-day Barcelona), dated to the 1st century CE and located at the Sant Antoni Market site. Our approach began with the analysis of wood charcoal and fruit/seed remains, which were preserved over time through carbonisation. These archaeobotanical remains offer valuable insights into the selection of woody species and the condition of wood logs used for cremations. Additionally, they shed light on the food composition of offerings and feasts in this area of the Mediterranean coast, where data on such practices are scarce.</p><p><span>The anthracological analysis of different combustion structures revealed that the principal taxon used for the stacks was evergreen oak<span><span>, with deciduous oak playing a significant role during the initial use of the necropolis. Dendro-anthracological analysis indicated that medium to large diameters wood logs of deciduous oak obtained from mature individuals were commonly employed. Moreover, charcoal analysis suggested the use of pruning remains from fruit trees such as olive, grapevine, walnut, plums, and members of the apple family, providing evidence of </span>arboriculture practices in the city. Additionally, various minor woody species (Aleppo and mountain </span></span>pines<span><span>, juniper, cypress<span>, mastic, and rockroses) may have had several functions, including symbolic sensory aspects relating to smell and good flammability, the constitution of small objects or furniture placed on the stack (boxwood), and fire kindling or decoration (mastic, rockroses, </span></span>honeysuckle, and laurustinus).</span></p><p>Carpological analysis indicated that the most abundant offerings and/or feast remains consisted primarily of cultivated fruits such as figs, walnuts, and grapes, while pulses and cereals were comparatively scarce or absent. Finally, a noteworthy quantity of <span><em>Arbutus</em></span> berry remains was recorded, marking the first occurrence of such findings in similar Roman contexts to date.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136153919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.010
{"title":"Becoming Roman: The role of biological resources in the expansion of new economic and cultural models throughout the empire","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142011848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.05.004
The study of zooarchaeological collections from Mérida is still rare, lacking above all information on the Romans diet and animal management. Here we present the description of the fauna found in a dump next to the northern part of the Roman wall, which also includes some contexts of ritual nature, dated to the 1st century AD until the beginning of 5th century AD. The osteological remains of animals have shown that most of them come from food waste and worked bones. We can see that there is a temporal evolution in the use of that space and in the species used, with smaller animals being preferred in the first phase and cattle being more abundant in the 4th century. Some improvement indicators were also identified, as would be expected for a provincial capital, such as Emerita Augusta. Also, ritual burials of numerous dogs as well as a skeleton of the oldest specimen in Iberia of Egyptian mongoose, camel and an edible dormouse, constitute interesting discoveries in this assemblage, demonstrating that this is an exceptional sample.
{"title":"The animal remains from Calle Almendralejo nr. 41 (Mérida, Spain): A contribution to our understanding of animal husbandry in the capital of Roman Lusitania","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study of zooarchaeological collections from Mérida is still rare, lacking above all information on the Romans diet and animal management. Here we present the description of the fauna found in a dump next to the northern part of the Roman wall, which also includes some contexts of ritual nature, dated to the 1st century AD until the beginning of 5th century AD. The osteological remains of animals have shown that most of them come from food waste and worked bones. We can see that there is a temporal evolution in the use of that space and in the species used, with smaller animals being preferred in the first phase and cattle being more abundant in the 4th century. Some improvement indicators were also identified, as would be expected for a provincial capital, such as <em>Emerita Augusta</em>. Also, ritual burials of numerous dogs as well as a skeleton of the oldest specimen in Iberia of Egyptian mongoose, camel and an edible dormouse, constitute interesting discoveries in this assemblage, demonstrating that this is an exceptional sample.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618224001514/pdfft?md5=5448d169b56bbeaa00d90bbd7df3e284&pid=1-s2.0-S1040618224001514-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142011849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.006
A detailed geomorphological mapping allowed to understand the complex relationships interplayed between local tectonics and sedimentation across the coastal area of the Baixo Alentejo (Portugal) all along the Quaternary. Different outcrops of coastal sediments between Sines and Vilanova de Milfontes permitted to reconstruct a general sequence of up to fifteen stair-cased marine terraces, while wide sequences of alluvial fans develop in the hinterland. The distinct geomorphological disposition of these alluvial fans together with the presence/absence of marine terraces, have allowed to define different phases of paleolandscape evolution based both in sea level changes and differential uplift. A dune system has been attributed to MIS 5e in basis of OSL, and 14C and U-series dating permitted the adscription of a beach unit to MIS 5. These data allowed to stablish the relative chronology of the entire marine terrace sequence and to determine the vertical movement rates along the studied coastal area. The results give values ranging from slight uplift (+0.015mm/a) to subtle subsidence (−0.030 mm/a), coinciding with other author's determinations.
通过绘制详细的地貌图,可以了解葡萄牙 Baixo Alentejo 沿海地区第四纪以来当地构造与沉积之间的复杂关系。在 Sines 和 Vilanova de Milfontes 之间沿海沉积物的不同露头处,可以重建多达 15 个阶梯状海洋阶地的总体序列,而在腹地则形成了广泛的冲积扇序列。这些冲积扇独特的地貌布局以及海洋阶地的存在/不存在,使得人们可以根据海平面变化和不同的隆升来确定古地貌演变的不同阶段。这些数据有助于确定整个海洋阶地序列的相对年代学,并确定所研究沿海地区的垂直运动速率。结果得出的数值从轻微隆起(+0.015 毫米/年)到细微下沉(-0.030 毫米/年)不等,与其他作者的测定结果相吻合。
{"title":"Paleolandscape evolution along the coasts of the Baixo Alentejo (Portugal) during the Quaternary","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>A detailed geomorphological mapping<span> allowed to understand the complex relationships interplayed between local tectonics and sedimentation across the coastal area of the Baixo Alentejo (Portugal) all along the Quaternary. Different outcrops of coastal sediments between Sines and Vilanova de Milfontes permitted to reconstruct a general sequence of up to fifteen stair-cased </span></span>marine terraces<span>, while wide sequences of alluvial fans develop in the hinterland. The distinct geomorphological disposition of these alluvial fans together with the presence/absence of marine terraces, have allowed to define different phases of paleolandscape evolution based both in </span></span>sea level changes<span> and differential uplift. A dune system has been attributed to MIS 5e in basis of OSL, and </span></span><sup>14</sup><span>C and U-series dating permitted the adscription of a beach unit to MIS 5. These data allowed to stablish the relative chronology of the entire marine terrace sequence and to determine the vertical movement rates along the studied coastal area. The results give values ranging from slight uplift (+0.015mm/a) to subtle subsidence (−0.030 mm/a), coinciding with other author's determinations.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141851269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.005
Paleoreconstructions of coastal and near-coastal areas have always served as a tool towards better understanding of past, present and future geological and geomorphological processes. The reliability of paleocoastline and sea-land extent modelling is controlled by input data. Here the difference between paleoreconstructions based on present-day bathymetry and a paleotopographic elevation model are examined on the example of the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic sea) - a low-gradient submerged Last Glacial Maximum alluvial plain with fairly well-resolved bathymetry and pre-transgressional paleotopography. Results presented in this study show striking differences between the spatial extent of the two modelled sets of paleocoastlines which in places exceeds tens of kilometers. These results demonstrate the importance of using an appropriate geologically-supported elevation model for paleoreconstruction as unsuitable models can result in significant errors and unreliable reconstructions. This is especially noteworthy for low-gradient settings where even a slight variation in sea level can affect vast areas. Finally, the results of this study provide insight into the Early Holocene evolution of the present-day area of the Gulf of Trieste as an abrupt and predominant northeasterly oriented transgression direction is indicated from the paleocoastline reconstructions.
{"title":"Paleocoastline modelling – What a difference a few meters of sediment make?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Paleoreconstructions of coastal and near-coastal areas have always served as a tool towards better understanding of past, present and future geological and geomorphological processes. The reliability of paleocoastline and sea-land extent modelling is controlled by input data. Here the difference between paleoreconstructions based on present-day bathymetry and a paleotopographic elevation model are examined on the example of the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic sea) - a low-gradient submerged Last Glacial Maximum alluvial plain with fairly well-resolved bathymetry and pre-transgressional paleotopography. Results presented in this study show striking differences between the spatial extent of the two modelled sets of paleocoastlines which in places exceeds tens of kilometers. These results demonstrate the importance of using an appropriate geologically-supported elevation model for paleoreconstruction as unsuitable models can result in significant errors and unreliable reconstructions. This is especially noteworthy for low-gradient settings where even a slight variation in sea level can affect vast areas. Finally, the results of this study provide insight into the Early Holocene evolution of the present-day area of the Gulf of Trieste as an abrupt and predominant northeasterly oriented transgression direction is indicated from the paleocoastline reconstructions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618224002088/pdfft?md5=109eb44274bda2c604adf5104fb291b3&pid=1-s2.0-S1040618224002088-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141838415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.06.006
This study presents a detailed investigation of the Kisiljevo loess-palaeosol sequence in north-eastern Serbia, offering a refined understanding of its paleoenvironmental dynamics. Contrasting our updated OSL chronology with a previous study, reveals discrepancies, particularly at 400 cm depth, where a considerable age underestimation is evident. While variations in sampling depth and methodology may contribute to some differences, the substantial deviation raises concern about the reliability of the earlier chronology. Our robust age-depth model constructed using Bayesian modelling, and the consistent increase in ages with depth suggest a potential underestimation in the uppermost layer of the earlier study, possibly due to partial bleaching or post-depositional mixing. The Bayesian age-depth model portrays a continuous sedimentation history from the later stages of Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3) to the present day. The patterns in the calculated Mass Accumulation Rates reveal distinctive peaks during MIS 3 and the middle of MIS 2, deviating from typical dust deposition models. The MIS 3 peaks in dustiness could be attributed to regional factors such as increased transportation rates, enhanced trapping efficiency, or elevated palaeowind intensity. This research not only enhances our understanding of the Kisiljevo LPS but also provides valuable insights into regional paleoenvironmental dynamics. The study emphasizes the importance of considering local geological variations in reconstructing past climates from sediment archives and sets the stage for further investigations into the factors influencing dust deposition in north-eastern Serbia. The MAR trends established here serve as a crucial reference for broader paleoclimatic interpretations in the Carpathian Basin.
本研究对塞尔维亚东北部的 Kisiljevo 黄土-古溶岩序列进行了详细调查,从而对其古环境动态有了更深入的了解。将我们更新的 OSL 年代学与之前的研究进行对比,发现两者之间存在差异,尤其是在 400 厘米深处,年龄明显被低估。虽然取样深度和取样方法的不同可能会造成一些差异,但巨大的偏差引起了人们对早期年代学可靠性的担忧。我们利用贝叶斯模型构建的可靠的年龄-深度模型,以及年龄随深度的一致增加,表明早期研究中最上层的年龄可能被低估了,这可能是由于部分漂白或沉积后混合造成的。贝叶斯年龄-深度模型描绘了从海洋同位素阶段 3(MIS 3)后期至今的连续沉积历史。计算的质量累积率模式显示,在 MIS 3 和 MIS 2 中期出现了明显的峰值,这与典型的尘埃沉积模型不同。MIS 3 的尘埃峰值可能归因于区域因素,如运输速率增加、捕集效率提高或古风强度增加。这项研究不仅加深了我们对基希列沃低地层的了解,还为了解区域古环境动态提供了宝贵的视角。该研究强调了在根据沉积物档案重建过去气候时考虑当地地质变化的重要性,并为进一步研究影响塞尔维亚东北部沙尘沉积的因素奠定了基础。此处确定的 MAR 趋势可作为喀尔巴阡山盆地更广泛的古气候解释的重要参考。
{"title":"Revised OSL chronology of the Kisiljevo loess-palaeosol sequence: New insight into the dust flux in the eastern Carpathian Basin during MIS 3 - MIS1","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a detailed investigation of the Kisiljevo loess-palaeosol sequence in north-eastern Serbia, offering a refined understanding of its paleoenvironmental dynamics. Contrasting our updated OSL chronology with a previous study, reveals discrepancies, particularly at 400 cm depth, where a considerable age underestimation is evident. While variations in sampling depth and methodology may contribute to some differences, the substantial deviation raises concern about the reliability of the earlier chronology. Our robust age-depth model constructed using Bayesian modelling, and the consistent increase in ages with depth suggest a potential underestimation in the uppermost layer of the earlier study, possibly due to partial bleaching or post-depositional mixing. The Bayesian age-depth model portrays a continuous sedimentation history from the later stages of Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3) to the present day. The patterns in the calculated Mass Accumulation Rates reveal distinctive peaks during MIS 3 and the middle of MIS 2, deviating from typical dust deposition models. The MIS 3 peaks in dustiness could be attributed to regional factors such as increased transportation rates, enhanced trapping efficiency, or elevated palaeowind intensity. This research not only enhances our understanding of the Kisiljevo LPS but also provides valuable insights into regional paleoenvironmental dynamics. The study emphasizes the importance of considering local geological variations in reconstructing past climates from sediment archives and sets the stage for further investigations into the factors influencing dust deposition in north-eastern Serbia. The MAR trends established here serve as a crucial reference for broader paleoclimatic interpretations in the Carpathian Basin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618224001952/pdfft?md5=603a6cc33ab3cb63b3aa72e1d771caa7&pid=1-s2.0-S1040618224001952-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141729558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.05.005
The Qicheng city wall is located in Puyang, Henan Province, China, and it is an important archaeological site from the Neolithic period in the North China Plain region. A trench across the northwest corner of the city wall revealed an 11 m thick sediment sequence, closely associated with human activities, which provides valuable records for the dating and environmental evolution of the site. In this study, we have applied field geological investigation, grain size analysis, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, and radiocarbon (14C) dating to reveal the history and changes in the site. The ancient city wall was built on the sedimentary sequence (U1) of the high terrace of the Ancient Yellow River. The upper 11 m thick sedimentary sequence (U2) recorded early moat sedimentation (U2L) and was followed by three cycles of paleosol-flooding deposits (U2U). The quartz OSL signals of the U2 silts are extremely bright, indicating high sensitivity. Partial bleaching was observed as well. The quartz OSL single-grain SAR dating results are consistent with that of charcoal 14C dating and are closer to the ‘true’ burial ages of the sediments than those obtained with multiple grains. By using a Bayesian statistical model, a chronological framework for the U2 sedimentary sequence was established. The earliest construction date of the Qicheng city wall is dating to 2100–1300 BC, during the late Longshan period, which is consistent with archaeological evidence (Li et al., 2015). The Qicheng city was not significantly affected by paleo-flooding prior to 870–960 AD, but experiences frequent flooding thereafter.
祁城城墙位于中国河南省濮阳市,是华北平原地区新石器时代的重要考古遗址。横跨城墙西北角的沟槽揭示了厚达 11 米的沉积序列,与人类活动密切相关,为该遗址的年代测定和环境演变提供了宝贵的记录。在这项研究中,我们采用了野外地质调查、粒度分析、光激发发光(OSL)测年和放射性碳(C)测年等方法来揭示遗址的历史和变迁。古城墙建在古黄河高阶梯的沉积序列(U1)上。上部 11 米厚的沉积序列(U2)记录了早期的护城河沉积(U2),随后是三个周期的古沉积-洪积沉积(U2)。U2 淤泥的石英 OSL 信号非常明亮,表明其灵敏度很高。同时还观察到部分漂白现象。石英 OSL 单颗粒 SAR 测定结果与木炭 C 测定结果一致,与多颗粒测得的结果相比,更接近沉积物的 "真实 "埋藏年龄。通过贝叶斯统计模型,建立了 U2 沉积序列的年代学框架。启城城墙最早的建造年代可追溯到公元前 2100-1300 年,即龙山时代晚期,这与考古证据一致(Li 等人,2015 年)。在公元 870-960 年之前,启城并未受到古洪水的严重影响,但在此之后,启城频繁遭受洪水侵袭。
{"title":"Chronology of late Holocene sediments related to the Qicheng ruins in central China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Qicheng city wall is located in Puyang, Henan Province, China, and it is an important archaeological site from the Neolithic period in the North China Plain region. A trench across the northwest corner of the city wall revealed an 11 m thick sediment sequence, closely associated with human activities, which provides valuable records for the dating and environmental evolution of the site. In this study, we have applied field geological investigation, grain size analysis, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, and radiocarbon (<sup>14</sup>C) dating to reveal the history and changes in the site. The ancient city wall was built on the sedimentary sequence (U1) of the high terrace of the Ancient Yellow River. The upper 11 m thick sedimentary sequence (U2) recorded early moat sedimentation (U2<sub>L</sub>) and was followed by three cycles of paleosol-flooding deposits (U2<sub>U</sub>). The quartz OSL signals of the U2 silts are extremely bright, indicating high sensitivity. Partial bleaching was observed as well. The quartz OSL single-grain SAR dating results are consistent with that of charcoal <sup>14</sup>C dating and are closer to the ‘true’ burial ages of the sediments than those obtained with multiple grains. By using a Bayesian statistical model, a chronological framework for the U2 sedimentary sequence was established. The earliest construction date of the Qicheng city wall is dating to 2100–1300 BC, during the late Longshan period, which is consistent with archaeological evidence (Li et al., 2015). The Qicheng city was not significantly affected by paleo-flooding prior to 870–960 AD, but experiences frequent flooding thereafter.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.06.002
Lago Argentino is one of the largest lakes in Patagonia. Some of its arms host calving glaciers that flow from the southern Patagonian Ice Field. The best known of these is the Perito Moreno glacier. Although recent studies have reconstructed part of glacier dynamics in the southern arms of Lago Argentino, there are no studies yet for the northern arms. A high-resolution seismic survey was carried out in the northern area of Punta Bandera, i.e., in the sector between the Brazo Norte and the Canal de los Témpanos to characterize the stratigraphy of the sedimentary fill of the lake and identify the main unconformities related to glacial dynamics. Eight seismic facies grouped into two seismic units were mapped, and ten unconformities were recognized. Based on the acquired data, a bathymetric grid was created for the first time to obtain a morphological representation of the lake floor and access to a previously unmapped area of Lago Argentino. The analysis of the geometries and acoustic properties of the different seismic facies identified, correlated with the available information on land moraines, has allowed us to partially reconstruct the advance and retreat phases of the glacial lobes that formerly were present in the two arms of the lake, although the temporal assignments are still speculative due to the lack of calibrations with boreholes. Nevertheless, this study provides important information for deciphering the glaciation history of a key sector of the southern Patagonian Ice Field during the late Pleistocene/Holocene. The data show that the northern and southern areas have different lake floor morphologies, with the southern, shallower area of the Canal de los Témpanos being glaciated first than the northern, more overdeepened area of the Brazo Norte.
阿根廷湖是巴塔哥尼亚最大的湖泊之一。一些湖臂上有从巴塔哥尼亚冰原南部流下的冰川。其中最著名的是佩里托-莫雷诺冰川。虽然最近的研究已经重建了阿根廷湖南岸的部分冰川动态,但还没有对北岸进行研究。在 Punta Bandera 北部地区,即在 Brazo Norte 和 Canal de los Témpanos 之间的区域,进行了一次高分辨率地震勘测,以确定湖泊沉积填充物的地层特征,并确定与冰川动力学有关的主要不连续面。绘制了分为两个地震单元的八个地震面,并确认了十个不整合地层。根据获得的数据,首次创建了水深测量网格,以获得湖底的形态表征,并进入阿根廷湖之前未绘制地图的区域。通过对已识别的不同地震面的几何形状和声学特性进行分析,并与现有的陆地冰碛信息相关联,我们得以部分重建湖泊两臂以前冰川裂片的前进和后退阶段,尽管由于缺乏钻孔校准,时间分配仍是推测性的。尽管如此,这项研究还是为解读晚更新世/全新世巴塔哥尼亚冰原南部一个重要区域的冰川历史提供了重要信息。数据显示,北部和南部地区具有不同的湖底形态,南部较浅的泰姆帕诺斯运河(Canal de los Témpanos)地区比北部较深的北布拉索(Brazo Norte)地区冰川作用最早。
{"title":"Seismic stratigraphy of the northern area of Punta Bandera (Lago Argentino, southern Patagonia)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lago Argentino is one of the largest lakes in Patagonia. Some of its arms host calving glaciers that flow from the southern Patagonian Ice Field. The best known of these is the Perito Moreno glacier. Although recent studies have reconstructed part of glacier dynamics in the southern arms of Lago Argentino, there are no studies yet for the northern arms. A high-resolution seismic survey was carried out in the northern area of Punta Bandera, i.e., in the sector between the Brazo Norte and the Canal de los Témpanos to characterize the stratigraphy of the sedimentary fill of the lake and identify the main unconformities related to glacial dynamics. Eight seismic facies grouped into two seismic units were mapped, and ten unconformities were recognized. Based on the acquired data, a bathymetric grid was created for the first time to obtain a morphological representation of the lake floor and access to a previously unmapped area of Lago Argentino. The analysis of the geometries and acoustic properties of the different seismic facies identified, correlated with the available information on land moraines, has allowed us to partially reconstruct the advance and retreat phases of the glacial lobes that formerly were present in the two arms of the lake, although the temporal assignments are still speculative due to the lack of calibrations with boreholes. Nevertheless, this study provides important information for deciphering the glaciation history of a key sector of the southern Patagonian Ice Field during the late Pleistocene/Holocene. The data show that the northern and southern areas have different lake floor morphologies, with the southern, shallower area of the Canal de los Témpanos being glaciated first than the northern, more overdeepened area of the Brazo Norte.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141392587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.06.009
The post-Infrared Infrared Stimulated Luminescence (pIRIR) protocol has been successfully applied to date Quaternary sediments using the K-rich feldspar fraction (density <2.58 g/cm3). However, during the extraction of K-feldspar grains, Na-feldspar particles (density 2.58–2.62 g/cm3) may be included, especially within the medium grained fraction. However, the possible influence of Na-feldspar contamination on K-feldspar IRSL dating results has not been investigated in detail. In this study, we applied the pIRIR dating protocol to measure the coarse- and medium-grained K-and Na-feldspar fractions of eight aeolian samples from various regions. Blue-violet and yellow-green detection windows were used for derived the signals of K- and Na-feldspar, respectively, and we attempted to evaluate the influence of the contamination by Na-feldspar grains on feldspar pIRIR dating. Comparison of the three signals (K-feldspar blue, Na-feldspar blue, Na-feldspar yellow) from each sample showed that the influence of the IRSL blue signal from Na-feldspar grains on the signal of the K-feldspar fraction was < 1–3%. Because of high fading rates, the Des or pIRIR ages obtained from the Na-feldspar yellow signal were underestimated. The Na-feldspar blue pIRIR Des and ages were nevertheless consistent with their corresponding K-feldspar blue De values and ages. This is because the few K-feldspar grains included within the Na-feldspar fraction emitted the greater part of the blue signals. From these observations, we conclude that the influence of Na-feldspar grains within the K-feldspar fraction on K-feldspar IRSL dating results can be ignored.
利用富含钾长石(密度<2.58 g/cm3)的第四纪沉积物,后红外红外激发发光(pIRIR)方案已成功应用于确定其年代。不过,在提取钾长石颗粒的过程中,可能会包括钠长石颗粒(密度为 2.58-2.62 克/立方厘米),尤其是在中粒部分。然而,Na 长石污染对 K 长石 IRSL 测年结果可能产生的影响尚未得到详细研究。在本研究中,我们应用 pIRIR 测年方案测量了来自不同地区的八个风化样本中的粗粒和中粒 K 长石和钠长石部分。蓝紫色和黄绿色探测窗口分别用于推导钾长石和钠长石的信号,我们试图评估钠长石颗粒的污染对长石红外定年的影响。对每个样品的三个信号(K-长石蓝、Na-长石蓝、Na-长石黄)进行比较后发现,Na-长石颗粒的 IRSL 蓝色信号对 K-长石部分信号的影响为 < 1-3%。由于衰减率高,从钠长石黄色信号得到的 Des 或 pIRIR 年龄被低估了。不过,钠长石蓝色 pIR Des 值和年龄与相应的 K 长石蓝色 De 值和年龄是一致的。这是因为 Na 长石部分中的少数 K 长石晶粒发出了大部分蓝色信号。根据这些观察结果,我们得出结论,K长石部分中的钠长石晶粒对K长石IRSL年代测定结果的影响可以忽略不计。
{"title":"Influence of Na-feldspar grains within the K-feldspar fraction on sediments IRSL dating","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The post-Infrared Infrared Stimulated Luminescence (pIRIR) protocol has been successfully applied to date Quaternary sediments using the K-rich feldspar fraction (density <2.58 g/cm<sup>3</sup>). However, during the extraction of K-feldspar grains, Na-feldspar particles (density 2.58–2.62 g/cm<sup>3</sup>) may be included, especially within the medium grained fraction. However, the possible influence of Na-feldspar contamination on K-feldspar IRSL dating results has not been investigated in detail. In this study, we applied the pIRIR dating protocol to measure the coarse- and medium-grained K-and Na-feldspar fractions of eight aeolian samples from various regions. Blue-violet and yellow-green detection windows were used for derived the signals of K- and Na-feldspar, respectively, and we attempted to evaluate the influence of the contamination by Na-feldspar grains on feldspar pIRIR dating. Comparison of the three signals (K-feldspar blue, Na-feldspar blue, Na-feldspar yellow) from each sample showed that the influence of the IRSL blue signal from Na-feldspar grains on the signal of the K-feldspar fraction was < 1–3%. Because of high fading rates, the D<sub>e</sub>s or pIRIR ages obtained from the Na-feldspar yellow signal were underestimated. The Na-feldspar blue pIRIR D<sub>e</sub>s and ages were nevertheless consistent with their corresponding K-feldspar blue D<sub>e</sub> values and ages. This is because the few K-feldspar grains included within the Na-feldspar fraction emitted the greater part of the blue signals. From these observations, we conclude that the influence of Na-feldspar grains within the K-feldspar fraction on K-feldspar IRSL dating results can be ignored.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141729557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}