Public Health最新文献_第3页

Adolescent non-suicidal self-injury, contextual and area-level inequalities: Insights from ten years of emergency department visits in northern Italy 青少年非自杀性自伤、情境和地区层面的不平等：意大利北部十年急诊科访问的见解

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106172

Alberto Borraccino , Roberta Onorati , Alessandro Migliardi , Carlo Mamo

Objective

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a growing mental health concern among adolescents. While individual-level risk factors are well documented, less is known about how area-level determinants influence pathways to emergency care for NSSI. This study aimed to examine the association between area-level contextual factors and Emergency Department (ED) visits for NSSI among adolescents in the Piedmont Region of Northern Italy.

Study design

Retrospective cross-sectional analysis.

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of administrative health data covering all ED presentations for NSSI among individuals aged 5–19 years from 2011 to 2021 was conducted. Cases were georeferenced using three validated territorial indicators: the regional socioeconomic deprivation index, the Health Action Zones (HAZ) classification, and the national Inner Areas classification. Sex-stratified multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between each contextual indicator and NSSI-related ED visits.

Results

Contrary to conventional expectations, adolescents living in less deprived areas showed significantly higher odds of NSSI-related ED visits, particularly among girls and those aged 15–19 years. In addition, a clear gradient was observed across territorial marginality, with higher odds among adolescents residing in belt and peripheral areas. These associations remained robust after adjustment for age and contextual interrelations. Traditional deprivation measures alone may therefore fail to capture emerging or context-specific vulnerabilities, while differential access to services and help-seeking pathways may contribute to observed patterns of ED utilisation.

Conclusions

Structural and contextual factors play an important role how adolescent self-injury is detected within emergency services. Place-sensitive prevention strategies and cross-sectoral planning are needed to address both visible and less readily detected vulnerabilities across diverse communities.

目的非自杀性自伤（NSSI）是青少年心理健康问题日益突出的问题。虽然个人层面的危险因素有充分的记录，但对区域层面的决定因素如何影响自伤紧急护理的途径知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨意大利北部皮埃蒙特地区青少年自伤的地区背景因素与急诊就诊之间的关系。研究设计：回顾性横断面分析。方法回顾性横断面分析2011年至2021年5-19岁个体自伤所有ED表现的行政卫生数据。使用三个有效的区域指标：区域社会经济剥夺指数、卫生行动区（HAZ）分类和国家内陆地区分类，对病例进行地理参考。使用性别分层的多变量逻辑回归模型来评估每个上下文指标与创伤性轻伤相关ED就诊之间的关系。结果与传统预期相反，生活在贫困地区的青少年，尤其是女孩和15-19岁的青少年，出现与创伤相关的急诊就诊的几率明显更高。此外，在地域边缘上存在明显的梯度，居住在带状和外围地区的青少年患病几率较高。在调整了年龄和环境相互关系后，这些关联仍然很强。因此，传统的剥夺措施本身可能无法捕捉新出现的或具体情况的脆弱性，而获得服务和寻求帮助途径的差异可能导致观察到的ED利用模式。结论结构因素和环境因素在急救服务中对青少年自伤的检测中起着重要作用。需要采取对地方敏感的预防战略和跨部门规划，以解决不同社区中可见的和不易发现的脆弱性。

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引用次数: 0

Trust at risk: Why public health must lead the use of AI in pandemic preparedness 信任面临风险：为什么公共卫生必须带头在大流行防范中使用人工智能。

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106152

James O'Connell , Keith Ian Quintyne

Artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to play a transformative role in pandemic preparedness, with the potential to enhance surveillance, risk assessment, and outbreak response. Indeed, AI is already embedded in several areas of public health practice, including infectious disease modelling, syndromic surveillance, and health system demand forecasting, where it has demonstrated advantages in speed, scale, and scenario analysis. However, the successful integration of AI into public health practice depends not only on technological advancement but also on maintaining the public trust upon which effective pandemic response relies. This article examines the ethical, governance, and trust dimensions of AI integration in pandemic preparedness, arguing that public health leadership is essential to ensure its safe and equitable use. Without such leadership, there is a risk that AI will be driven by commercial rather than public interests, undermining trust and legitimacy in public health actions. It calls for a robust governance framework, applied research to determine where AI can add value, and leadership in shaping legal and digital infrastructures that support safe AI use. By proactively guiding AI's integration, public health can ensure this emerging technology strengthens, rather than compromises, the collective and ethical foundations of pandemic preparedness.

人工智能（AI）有望在大流行防范中发挥变革性作用，有可能加强监测、风险评估和疫情应对。事实上，人工智能已经融入了公共卫生实践的几个领域，包括传染病建模、综合征监测和卫生系统需求预测，在这些领域，人工智能在速度、规模和情景分析方面表现出了优势。然而，人工智能能否成功融入公共卫生实践，不仅取决于技术进步，还取决于能否维持公众信任，而这正是有效应对大流行病所依赖的。本文考察了人工智能在大流行防范中的伦理、治理和信任层面，认为公共卫生领导对于确保其安全和公平使用至关重要。如果没有这样的领导，人工智能就有可能受到商业利益而不是公共利益的驱动，从而破坏公共卫生行动的信任和合法性。它呼吁建立健全的治理框架，开展应用研究以确定人工智能可以在哪些方面增加价值，并在塑造支持安全使用人工智能的法律和数字基础设施方面发挥领导作用。通过主动指导人工智能的整合，公共卫生部门可以确保这一新兴技术加强而不是妥协大流行防范的集体和道德基础。

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引用次数: 0

COVID-19 stay-at-home orders impacts on suicide attempts among adolescents in the United States COVID-19居家令对美国青少年自杀企图的影响

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106170

Sarah Y.T. Hartzell , Paul G. Devereux , Marta Elliott , Michelle L. Granner , Minggen Lu , Sarah A. Friedman

Objective

Reducing social isolation is a public health priority. The implementation of COVID-19 stay-at-home orders increased social isolation and had detrimental psychiatric health impacts. The study's objective was to examine whether the COVID-19 stay-at-home orders impacted suicide attempts among U.S. adolescents.

Study design

Comparative interrupted time series.

Methods

We calculated predicted probabilities and marginal effects of the COVID-19 stay-at-home orders on suicide attempts among adolescents. National claims data from the COVID-19 Research Database produced a study cohort of 374,524 unique adolescents in both the pre- (March 2019-January 2020) and post-pandemic periods (March–June 2020). The outcome of interest was suicide attempts, including intentional poisoning. Separate analyses compared states with shorter duration COVID-19 stay-at-home orders (March–May) and states with longer duration COVID-19 stay-at-home orders (three sub-groups were created for COVID-19 stay-at-home orders lasting March–June, March–May, and April–June).

Results

Among the states with longer-duration COVID-19 stay-at-home orders lasting from March–June and April–June, post-stay-at-home orders slopes increased more than comparison states without COVID-19 stay-at-home orders (March–June: 0.00016; 95 % CI: 0.00001, 0.00031; April–June: 0.00067, 95 % CI: 0.00022, 0.00112). States with shorter-duration COVID-19 stay-at-home orders did not yield significant results.

Conclusions

Longer-duration COVID-19 stay-at-home orders were associated with a small but significant increase in suicide attempts among adolescents. Mitigation strategies such as stakeholders creating and implementing school-based youth suicide prevention programs, and allocating more funding to text-based lines for those in suicidal crisis need to be implemented.

目标：减少社会隔离是公共卫生的优先事项。COVID-19居家令的实施加剧了社会隔离，并对精神健康产生了不利影响。该研究的目的是研究COVID-19的居家令是否影响了美国青少年的自杀企图。研究设计：比较中断时间序列。方法：计算新冠肺炎居家令对青少年自杀企图的预测概率和边际效应。来自COVID-19研究数据库的国家索赔数据产生了一项研究队列，包括大流行前（2019年3月至2020年1月）和大流行后（2020年3月至6月）的374,524名独特的青少年。感兴趣的结果是自杀企图，包括故意中毒。单独的分析比较了COVID-19居家令持续时间较短的州（3月至5月）和COVID-19居家令持续时间较长的州（针对3月至6月、3月至5月和4月至6月的COVID-19居家令创建了三个子组）。结果：在3 - 6月和4 - 6月有较长时间COVID-19居家令的州中，居家后订单斜率大于没有COVID-19居家令的州（3 - 6月：0.00016;95% CI: 0.00001, 0.00031； 4 - 6月：0.00067,95% CI: 0.00022, 0.00112）。COVID-19居家令持续时间较短的州没有取得显著成果。结论：更长时间的COVID-19住院令与青少年自杀企图的小幅但显著增加有关。需要实施缓解战略，如利益攸关方创建和实施以学校为基础的青少年自杀预防方案，以及为处于自杀危机中的人分配更多资金给基于文本的热线。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of community-based obesity prevention interventions on child and adolescent health-related quality of life: A pooled analysis of six Australian studies 以社区为基础的肥胖预防干预对儿童和青少年健康相关生活质量的影响：对澳大利亚六项研究的汇总分析

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106147

Kaitlyn McKenna , Melanie Nichols , Claudia Strugnell , Liliana Orellana , Steven Allender , Rachel Novotny , Jane Jacobs , Vicki Brown

Objective

To examine whether community-based obesity prevention interventions (CBOPIs) impact health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children and adolescents compared to control condition, and whether there are differences according to gender, school level (primary or secondary), and/or socioeconomic position (SEP).

Study design

Pooled analysis of data from six CBOPI studies.

Methods

Data from six Australian CBOPI studies conducted between 2005 and 2022 were harmonised. Studies were included if HRQoL was measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™). Multi-level mixed-effect models were used to analyse the impact of the interventions on mean overall, physical and psychosocial HRQoL scores. Adjustments were made for age, gender, area level SEP, study and study duration, and clustering at school and individual level.

Results

In total, 20,837 observations of children aged 8–18 years were included. A trend of declining HRQoL was observed over time. Interventions were effective in slowing the decline in HRQoL in intervention compared to control groups for the psychosocial score overall (mean difference (md) = 0.97, p = 0.018), and for psychosocial (md = 2.15, p = 0.006) and total score (md = 1.84, p = 0.009) in primary school-aged children. A significant effect in slowing the decline in physical, psychosocial and total HRQoL in intervention group compared to control group was observed in schools in low SEP areas, but not in medium or high SEP areas.

Conclusion

Results suggest CBOPIs may slow the decline in HRQoL among children and adolescents, particularly in younger children and students from low SEP areas. Future research should explore the pathways by which CBOPIs impact HRQoL.

目的：探讨以社区为基础的肥胖预防干预（CBOPIs）与对照组相比是否会影响儿童和青少年健康相关生活质量（HRQoL），以及性别、学校水平（小学或中学）和/或社会经济地位（SEP）是否存在差异。研究设计：对六项copi研究的数据进行汇总分析。方法：对2005年至2022年间进行的六项澳大利亚CBOPI研究的数据进行了整理。如果使用儿科生活质量量表（PedsQL™）测量HRQoL，则纳入研究。采用多级混合效应模型分析干预措施对总体、生理和心理HRQoL平均评分的影响。对年龄、性别、地区水平SEP、学习和学习时间以及学校和个人水平的聚类进行了调整。结果：共纳入8-18岁儿童20,837例观察。随着时间的推移，观察到HRQoL下降的趋势。与对照组相比，干预有效地减缓了干预组的HRQoL的下降，包括社会心理总分（平均差异(md) = 0.97, p = 0.018），以及小学学龄儿童的社会心理总分（md = 2.15, p = 0.006）和总分（md = 1.84, p = 0.009）。在低SEP地区的学校，干预组与对照组相比在减缓生理、心理和总HRQoL的下降方面有显著效果，而在中、高SEP地区的学校则无显著效果。结论：copis可减缓儿童和青少年HRQoL的下降，特别是低龄儿童和来自低SEP地区的学生。未来的研究应探索copis影响HRQoL的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Correlates of paternal anxiety during the perinatal period: Systematic review and meta-analysis 围产期父亲焦虑的相关因素：系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2025.106108

Małgorzata Sobol , Elisa Mancinelli , Agata Błachnio , Silvia Salcuni

Objectives

This study aimed to identify and quantify factors associated with paternal perinatal anxiety (PPA) within non-clinical populations.

Study design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed in line with PRISMA guidelines. Searches were conducted in the PsycARTICLES, PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases, supplemented by manual searches and citation-tracking. The risk of bias, the level of evidence, the corresponding score points, and the degree of association with PPA were assessed for each study.

Results

37 studies were included, with 16 in the meta-analysis. Results showed that high paternal depressive symptoms, low social support, and high maternal anxiety were associated with higher paternal prenatal anxiety. Higher paternal anxiety postnatally was associated with paternal prenatal anxiety, postpartum depression symptoms, negative birth memories, and maternal anxiety.

Conclusion

The positive association between prenatal and postnatal anxiety suggests continuity of anxiety within fathers across the perinatal period, while being closely linked with paternal depression symptoms as well as partner's anxiety, perceived social support, and birth experiences. Findings emphasize the need for family-centered interventions and improved psychosocial support for expectant and new fathers. Addressing these factors may improve paternal mental health outcomes and family well-being during the perinatal period.

目的：本研究旨在确定和量化与非临床人群中父亲围产期焦虑（PPA）相关的因素。研究设计：系统评价和荟萃分析。方法：根据PRISMA指南进行系统评价和荟萃分析。在PsycARTICLES、PubMed、PsycINFO、MEDLINE和Scopus数据库中进行检索，并辅以人工检索和引文跟踪。对每项研究的偏倚风险、证据水平、相应的评分点以及与PPA的关联程度进行评估。结果：纳入37项研究，其中16项纳入meta分析。结果显示，父亲抑郁症状高、社会支持低、母亲焦虑高与父亲产前焦虑高相关。较高的产后父亲焦虑与父亲产前焦虑、产后抑郁症状、消极的出生记忆和母亲焦虑有关。结论：产前和产后焦虑呈正相关，表明父亲焦虑在整个围产期具有连续性，与父亲抑郁症状、伴侣焦虑、感知社会支持和分娩经历密切相关。研究结果强调需要以家庭为中心的干预措施，并改善对准爸爸和新爸爸的社会心理支持。解决这些因素可以改善围产期父亲的心理健康结果和家庭福祉。

{"title":"Correlates of paternal anxiety during the perinatal period: Systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Małgorzata Sobol , Elisa Mancinelli , Agata Błachnio , Silvia Salcuni","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.106108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.106108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to identify and quantify factors associated with paternal perinatal anxiety (PPA) within non-clinical populations.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Systematic review and meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed in line with PRISMA guidelines. Searches were conducted in the PsycARTICLES, PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases, supplemented by manual searches and citation-tracking. The risk of bias, the level of evidence, the corresponding score points, and the degree of association with PPA were assessed for each study.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>37 studies were included, with 16 in the meta-analysis. Results showed that high paternal depressive symptoms, low social support, and high maternal anxiety were associated with higher paternal prenatal anxiety. Higher paternal anxiety postnatally was associated with paternal prenatal anxiety, postpartum depression symptoms, negative birth memories, and maternal anxiety.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The positive association between prenatal and postnatal anxiety suggests continuity of anxiety within fathers across the perinatal period, while being closely linked with paternal depression symptoms as well as partner's anxiety, perceived social support, and birth experiences. Findings emphasize the need for family-centered interventions and improved psychosocial support for expectant and new fathers. Addressing these factors may improve paternal mental health outcomes and family well-being during the perinatal period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 106108"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146044171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

STD history predicts persistent condom non-use and partner HIV seroconversion in older Chinese adults with HIV: A retrospective cohort mediation analysis 性传播疾病史预测中国老年HIV感染者持续不使用安全套和伴侣HIV血清转化：一项回顾性队列中介分析。

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106155

Chunxing Tao , Ting Huang , Qingyi Liu , Rongye Huang , Aidan Nong , Zhiman Yan , Lijing Huang , Bingyu Liang

Objectives

This study assessed the impact of STD history on condom use and partner HIV seroconversion among older adults with HIV in Southwest China.

Study design

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Chinese HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System (CRIMS) across five cities in Southwest China (2003–2023).

Methods

Participants included older adults (aged ≥50 years) newly diagnosed with HIV and with documented baseline STD history. Outcomes were inconsistent condom use and partner HIV seroconversion, assessed using longitudinal follow-up records. Logistic regression examined associations, and mediation analysis estimated the indirect effect of condom use on the STD history-seroconversion relationship. Sensitivity analyses stratified participants by sex, marital status, education, and occupation.

Results

Among 30,492 included older adults with HIV (median age: 62.28 years; IQR: 56.26–68.74), 7.3 % had a documented STD history at diagnosis. Most participants were male (72.1 %), farmers (79.8 %), and married/cohabitating (67.8 %). Of the 27,313 participants included in the analysis of condom use, 18.2 % reported inconsistent use, while among the 5025 participants in the partner seroconversion analysis, 6.5 % reported partner HIV seroconversion. STD history was significantly associated with inconsistent condom use post-diagnosis (aOR: 2.18; 95 %CI: 1.96–2.41) and increased partner HIV seroconversion risk (aOR: 1.90; 95 %CI: 1.27–2.84). The mediation analysis indicated that inconsistent condom use explained 11.9 % of the total effect of STD history on partner seroconversion, while the residual effect was unexplained and not captured by the measured mediator.

Conclusions

Prior STD exposure was associated with persistent sexual risk and elevated partner HIV transmission among older adults, underscoring the need to integrate STD history into risk assessments and long-term monitoring strategies for serodiscordant partnerships in high-burden settings with aging HIV populations.

目的：本研究评估中国西南地区老年HIV感染者性病史对安全套使用和性伴HIV血清转化的影响。研究设计：我们利用中国HIV/AIDS综合应对信息管理系统（CRIMS）的数据，在中国西南五个城市（2003-2023年）进行了一项回顾性队列研究。方法：参与者包括新诊断为艾滋病毒并有基线性病病史的老年人（年龄≥50岁）。结果是不一致的避孕套使用和伴侣艾滋病毒血清转化，通过纵向随访记录进行评估。Logistic回归检验相关性，中介分析估计避孕套使用对性病史-血清转化关系的间接影响。敏感性分析将参与者按性别、婚姻状况、教育程度和职业分层。结果：在30,492名老年HIV感染者（中位年龄：62.28岁；IQR: 56.26-68.74）中，7.3%在诊断时有性病病史。大多数参与者为男性（72.1%）、农民（79.8%）和已婚/同居（67.8%）。在分析避孕套使用情况的27313名参与者中，18.2%的人报告使用不一致，而在5025名参与者中，6.5%的人报告伴侣艾滋病毒血清转化。性病病史与诊断后不一致使用避孕套（aOR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.96-2.41）和伴侣HIV血清转化风险增加（aOR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.27-2.84）显著相关。中介分析表明，不一致使用安全套解释了性病史对伴侣血清转化的总影响的11.9%，而剩余影响无法解释，也没有被测量的中介捕获。结论：先前的性病暴露与老年人持续的性风险和伴侣艾滋病毒传播增加有关，强调需要将性病病史纳入风险评估和长期监测策略，以应对高负担环境中血清不一致的伙伴关系。

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引用次数: 0

Dietary diversity score and associated factors among high school adolescent girls in Galkaio town, Puntland, Somalia, 2023 2023年索马里邦特兰Galkaio镇高中少女饮食多样性评分及相关因素

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106154

Mohyadin Abdullahi Ahmed , Mohamed Hassan Isse , Ahmed Mohammed Ibrahim , Mohamed Mohamud Yusuf

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the dietary diversity score and associated factors among high school adolescent girls in Galkaio, Puntland, Somalia, 2023.

Study design

An institution-based cross-sectional study.

Methods

This study was conducted among high school adolescent girls in Galkaio, Puntland, Somalia, in 2023. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data were collected using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire. For data entry and analysis, the Epi-Data 3.1.0 version and SPSS version 23 were used, respectively. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions analyses were computed to identify factors associated with dietary diversity score. Variables with a p-value <0.25 on bivariate analysis were entered into the multivariate logistic regression. Results were claimed to be statistically significant when the p-value was less than 0.05.

Results

In this study, a total of 580 high school adolescent girls participated with a response rate of 96.5 %. The overall proportion of low dietary diversity scores was 55.3 % (95 % CI: 51.2, 59.3). Maternal education [AOR = 2.122 (95 % CI: (1.147, 3.924)], parental occupation [AOR = 5.816 (95 %: CI: 3.308, 10.224)], low wealth index [AOR = 1.682 (95 % CI: 1.040, 2.720)], eating less than three times per day [AOR = 4.338 (95 % CI: 2.253, 8.352)], eating outside the home [AOR = 1.820 (95 % CI: (1.205, 2.750)] and not getting nutritional education [AOR = 2.359 (95 % CI: 1.550, 3.6)] were associated with a low dietary diversity score.

Conclusions

The results of this study indicated that more than half of the high school adolescent girls in Galkaio had a low dietary diversity score which requires policy attention. Maternal education, father's occupation, wealth index, meal frequency, eating outside the home and nutritional education were significantly associated with the low dietary diversity score.

目的：本研究旨在评估2023年索马里邦特兰Galkaio高中少女的饮食多样性评分及其相关因素。研究设计：基于机构的横断面研究。方法：本研究于2023年在索马里邦特兰Galkaio的高中少女中进行。采用系统随机抽样技术选择研究对象。数据收集采用自我管理的半结构化问卷。数据录入和分析分别使用Epi-Data 3.1.0版本和SPSS 23版本。采用描述性统计对数据进行汇总。计算双变量和多变量logistic回归分析以确定与饮食多样性评分相关的因素。结果：本研究共有580名高中少女参与，回复率为96.5%。低饮食多样性评分的总体比例为55.3% （95% CI: 51.2, 59.3）。母亲受教育程度[AOR = 2.122 (95% CI: 1.147, 3.924)]、父母职业[AOR = 5.816 (95% CI: 3.308, 10.224)]、低财富指数[AOR = 1.682 (95% CI: 1.040, 2.720)]、每天进食少于3次[AOR = 4.338 (95% CI: 2.253, 8.352)]、外出进食[AOR = 1.820 (95% CI: 1.205, 2.750)]和未接受营养教育[AOR = 2.359 (95% CI: 1.550, 3.6)]与饮食多样性评分低相关。结论：本研究结果表明，Galkaio地区超过一半的高中女生饮食多样性得分较低，需要引起政策关注。母亲受教育程度、父亲职业、财富指数、用餐频率、外出就餐和营养教育与饮食多样性得分低显著相关。

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引用次数: 0

Predictive accuracy of the 8- and 12-item versions of the DASS-21 in measuring depression, anxiety and stress in Brazilian university students 8项和12项DASS-21在测量巴西大学生抑郁、焦虑和压力方面的预测准确性。

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106150

Luiz Menezes-Júnior , Waléria de Paula , Bruna Carolina Rafael Barbosa , Carolina Martins dos Santos Chagas , Clareci Silva Cardoso , Eulilian Dias de Freitas , Fernanda de Carvalho Vidigal , Helian Nunes de Oliveira , Luciana Neri Nobre , Luciana Saraiva da Silva , Adriana Lúcia Meireles

Objectives

To evaluate the predictive value of the DASS-8 and DASS-12 scales, derived from the full DASS-21, in assessing mental health among Brazilian university students, highlighting the innovation of validating ultra-brief instruments specifically designed to maintain high psychometric performance while enabling rapid, large-scale mental health screening in resource-constrained academic settings.

Study design

Multicenter cross-sectional study.

Methods

Study carried out with students at eight public universities in Brazil. Data was collected through a self-completed online questionnaire. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed using the DASS-21. The concurrent validity of the reduced versions of the DASS-12 and DASS-8 was determined using ROC curve analyses and sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy tests, using the DASS-21 as a reference standard. Regression models evaluated the invariance between sociodemographic and health factors with mental health outcomes in the DASS-21; DASS-12 and DASS-8.

Results

A total of 8650 study participants were evaluated, the majority were female (65.7 %) and aged between 18 and 22 (54.2 %). The DASS-21; 12 and 8 had excellent internal consistency (α and ω ≥ 0.91). ROC curve analysis yielded AUC values indicating strong predictive validity, with the DASS-12 reported 0.93, 0.91, and 0.90, while the DASS-8 showed AUCs of 0.92, 0.90, and 0.89 for depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. Sensitivity ranged from 94 % to 97 % for depression, 84 %–94 % for anxiety, and 87 %–96 % for stress, with high specificity and accuracy across all subscales (>90 %). Factors associated with symptoms across the three subscales by DASS-21 were similar to those identified by DASS-12 and DASS-8.

Conclusion

The DASS-8 and DASS-12 scales showed reliability and effectiveness in screening for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in Brazilian university students.

目的：评估DASS-8和DASS-12量表（源自完整的DASS-21）在评估巴西大学生心理健康方面的预测价值，强调验证超简短工具的创新，这些工具专门设计用于保持高心理测量性能，同时在资源有限的学术环境中实现快速、大规模的心理健康筛查。研究设计：多中心横断面研究。方法：对巴西八所公立大学的学生进行研究。数据是通过一份自我填写的在线问卷收集的。使用das -21评估抑郁、焦虑和压力症状。以DASS-21为参比标准，采用ROC曲线分析和敏感性、特异性和准确性检验确定DASS-12和DASS-8简化版的并发效度。回归模型评估了DASS-21中社会人口学和健康因素与心理健康结果之间的不变性；DASS-12和DASS-8。结果：共评估了8650名研究参与者，其中大多数为女性（65.7%），年龄在18至22岁之间（54.2%）。DASS-21;12和8具有良好的内部一致性（α和ω≥0.91）。ROC曲线分析的AUC值显示较强的预测效度，DASS-12的AUC值分别为0.93、0.91和0.90，而DASS-8对抑郁、焦虑和压力的AUC值分别为0.92、0.90和0.89。对抑郁的敏感性为94% - 97%，对焦虑的敏感性为84% - 94%，对压力的敏感性为87% - 96%，在所有子量表中都具有很高的特异性和准确性（bbb90 %）。DASS-21在三个分量表中与症状相关的因素与DASS-12和DASS-8确定的因素相似。结论：DASS-8和DASS-12量表在筛选巴西大学生抑郁、焦虑和压力症状方面具有可靠性和有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Physical and mental health upon reentry: The importance of social contact in prison for wellbeing during reintegration 重返社会后的身心健康：监狱中的社会接触对重返社会期间健康的重要性。

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106158

Chantal Fahmy , Alexander Testa , Travis J. Meyers

Objectives

Incarceration is associated with adverse mental and physical health outcomes that are exacerbated during the post-release period. Social contact with loved ones during imprisonment—such as in-person visits, phone calls, and written correspondence—may play a key role in mitigating the health consequences of incarceration and promoting health upon release. The current study assesses how social contact during incarceration may mitigate health issues during the reentry period.

Study design

The study uses data from a sample of 475 men incarcerated in Texas prisons interviewed prior to release and again one month into the reentry period.

Methods

Ordered logistic regression models of in-prison social contact types (i.e., in-person visitation, sending/receiving mail, and making/receiving phone calls) and four groups of people (i.e., family members, friends, gang associates, and anyone else) who visited the incarcerated person in the last six months before prison release are utilized to predict self-reported physical health and mental health approximately four weeks post-release.

Results

Mostly consistent with our hypotheses, findings reveal that in-person visitation during incarceration is positively associated with better physical health following release (odds ratio [OR] = 1.61; 95 % Confidence Interval [CI] = [1.05, 2.47]). Additionally, a closer examination of the in-person visitation groups revealed that visits from family members, but not the other three groups (i.e., friends, gang members, or anyone else), were positively associated with better self-reported physical health (OR = 1.88; 95 % CI = [1.28, 2.75]) and mental health (OR = 1.64; 95 % CI = [1.14, 2.37]).

Conclusions

The results affirm and highlight the unique role of familial relationships in promoting wellbeing during reentry. To promote in-person visitation, correctional systems should consider efforts to overcome key barriers and stressors related to family visits. Identifying individuals who lacked positive visitation experiences could inform targeted wraparound practices that prioritize counseling around family reunification and social connections with loved ones.

目的：监禁与不良的精神和身体健康结果相关，在释放后期间会加剧。在监禁期间与亲人的社会接触——如亲自拜访、电话和书面通信——可能在减轻监禁对健康的影响和促进释放后的健康方面发挥关键作用。目前的研究评估了监禁期间的社会接触如何减轻重返社会期间的健康问题。研究设计：该研究使用了475名被关押在德克萨斯州监狱的男子的样本数据，这些男子在释放前接受了采访，并在重新进入监狱的一个月后再次接受了采访。方法：采用有序logistic回归模型，对出狱前6个月内探望过在押人员的四组人（即家庭成员、朋友、帮派成员和其他任何人）的在押社会接触类型（即当面探视、收发邮件和打电话/接电话）和四组人（即家庭成员、朋友、帮派成员和其他任何人）进行预测，预测出狱后大约四周的自我身体健康和心理健康状况。结果：与我们的假设基本一致，研究结果显示监禁期间的亲自探视与释放后更好的身体健康呈正相关（优势比[OR] = 1.61； 95%可信区间[CI] =[1.05, 2.47]）。此外，对亲自探访组的更仔细检查显示，来自家庭成员的探访与自我报告的更好的身体健康（or = 1.88; 95% CI =[1.28, 2.75]）和心理健康（or = 1.64; 95% CI =[1.14, 2.37]）呈正相关，而其他三组（即朋友、帮派成员或其他任何人）则没有。结论：研究结果肯定并强调了家庭关系在促进重返社会幸福感方面的独特作用。为了促进亲自探视，惩教系统应考虑努力克服与家庭探视有关的主要障碍和压力因素。识别缺乏积极探视经历的个人可以为有针对性的综合实践提供信息，优先考虑围绕家庭团聚和与亲人的社会联系进行咨询。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of ban and ordinances against indoor smoking on the proportion of smoke-free establishments in restaurants, izakaya, and bars in Japan: Interrupted time-series analysis of restaurant database 禁止室内吸烟法令对日本餐馆、居酒屋和酒吧无烟场所比例的影响：餐馆数据库的中断时间序列分析。

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106146

Isao Muraki , Aoi Kataoka , Yuri Ito , Kota Katanoda , Masakazu Nakamura

Objectives

To protect workers and individuals from second-hand smoke exposure, Japan's national indoor smoking ban was enforced on April 1, 2020. However, certain exemptions were made for eating and drinking establishments. Local ordinances restricted these exemptions to increase their effectiveness. We aimed to evaluate the 2-year impact of the national ban and local ordinances on indoor smoking policies in eating and drinking establishments over a 2-year period.

Study design

Panel data analysis.

Methods

From a commercial database of eating and drinking establishments, we used area-level summary data of 320,693 establishments for August 2016 and individual establishment data extracted biannually between January 2020 and December 2022 (n = 329,322 to 403,133). We calculated the category-specific and weighted proportions of smoke-free establishments. We analysed the short-term and trend changes using an interrupted time-series analysis.

Results

The proportion of smoke-free establishments increased after the national ban (+5.7 % points). Local ordinances restricting the exemption for the establishments with non-family employees enhanced the impact of the national ban (+7.8 % points). In December 2022, the proportions of smoke-free establishments were 68.3 % in restaurants, 70.2 % in cafés, 32.8 % in izakaya, and 25.0 % in bars.

Conclusions

The indoor smoking ban has promoted indoor smoke-free policies in eating and drinking establishments in Japan. However, many establishments, nearly two-thirds of izakaya and bars, remain smoking-allowed, probably owing to exemptions and non-compliance. To effectively reduce second-hand smoke exposure in eating and drinking establishments, it is necessary to minimise exemptions by revising laws or enforcing additional ordinances and promoting compliance with these legislations.

目的：为了保护工人和个人免受二手烟的危害，日本于2020年4月1日起实施全国室内禁烟令。但是，对饮食场所有某些豁免。地方条例限制这些豁免，以提高其效力。我们的目的是评估国家禁令和地方法规在2年内对餐饮场所室内吸烟政策的影响。研究设计：面板数据分析。方法：从餐饮场所商业数据库中，我们使用了2016年8月320,693家场所的区域级汇总数据和2020年1月至2022年12月每两年提取一次的个人场所数据（n = 329,322至403,133）。我们计算了无烟场所的分类和加权比例。我们使用中断时间序列分析分析了短期和趋势变化。结果：全国禁烟后无烟场所的比例增加了5.7%。限制对非家庭雇员的机构豁免的地方条例增强了国家禁令的影响（+ 7.8%）。截至2022年12月，无烟场所的比例为：餐馆68.3%，咖啡厅70.2%，居酒屋32.8%，酒吧25.0%。结论：室内禁烟令促进了日本饮食场所的室内无烟政策。然而，许多场所，近三分之二的居酒屋和酒吧，仍然允许吸烟，可能是由于豁免和不遵守规定。为有效减少在饮食场所接触二手烟，有必要修订法例或执行额外条例，并促进遵守这些法例，以尽量减少豁免。

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引用次数: 0