Pub Date : 2024-08-21DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.018
Objectives
Explore pediatric staff experiences administering the second influenza vaccine dose.
Study design
Qualitative focus groups/interviews.
Methods
As part of the National Institutes of Health-funded Flu2Text randomized control trial of text message reminders for second influenza vaccine dose, we conducted seven focus groups and four individual interviews (n = 39 participants total) with clinicians and staff from participating practices from the American Academy of Pediatrics' Pediatric Research in Office Settings (PROS) Network. Of 37 participating practices, 10 were selected through stratified sampling of practices with highest (n = 5) and lowest (n = 5) randomized controlled trial effect sizes. A semi-structured discussion guide included questions that addressed parental, practice, and health system barriers/facilitators to second influenza vaccine dose administration. Using the Systems Model of Clinical Preventive Care as a conceptual framework, two investigators independently coded transcripts (Κ = 0.86, high agreement) with NVivo 12 Plus. Coding inconsistencies were resolved by consensus.
Results
Clinicians/staff reported that administering the second influenza vaccine dose in a season was more complex than other childhood vaccines. They highlighted parental uncertainty about the need for the second dose and the difficulty and inconvenience of bringing children back to the office as important barriers. Caregiver–staff relationships were perceived as helpful in getting children vaccinated with their second dose and vaccine reminders were seen as important cues-to-action.
Conclusions
Ensuring receipt of two doses of the influenza vaccine in a given season presents unique challenges. Themes identified provide a framework for understanding opportunities to bolster second dose receipt, including explaining why two doses are needed, offering flexible hours for vaccination, and sending vaccine reminders.
{"title":"Pediatric practice experiences with second dose influenza vaccination: An AAP Pediatric Research in Office Settings (PROS) Study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Explore pediatric staff experiences administering the second influenza vaccine dose.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Qualitative focus groups/interviews.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>As part of the National Institutes of Health-funded Flu2Text randomized control trial of text message reminders for second influenza vaccine dose, we conducted seven focus groups and four individual interviews (<em>n</em> = 39 participants total) with clinicians and staff from participating practices from the American Academy of Pediatrics' Pediatric Research in Office Settings (PROS) Network. Of 37 participating practices, 10 were selected through stratified sampling of practices with highest (<em>n</em> = 5) and lowest (<em>n</em> = 5) randomized controlled trial effect sizes. A semi-structured discussion guide included questions that addressed parental, practice, and health system barriers/facilitators to second influenza vaccine dose administration. Using the Systems Model of Clinical Preventive Care as a conceptual framework, two investigators independently coded transcripts (Κ = 0.86, high agreement) with NVivo 12 Plus. Coding inconsistencies were resolved by consensus.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Clinicians/staff reported that administering the second influenza vaccine dose in a season was more complex than other childhood vaccines. They highlighted parental uncertainty about the need for the second dose and the difficulty and inconvenience of bringing children back to the office as important barriers. Caregiver–staff relationships were perceived as helpful in getting children vaccinated with their second dose and vaccine reminders were seen as important cues-to-action.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Ensuring receipt of two doses of the influenza vaccine in a given season presents unique challenges. Themes identified provide a framework for understanding opportunities to bolster second dose receipt, including explaining why two doses are needed, offering flexible hours for vaccination, and sending vaccine reminders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142037497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-21DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.017
Objectives
This study aimed to adapt and validate the Occupational Health Literacy Scale (OHLS) for the Italian workforce, assessing its psychometric properties and ensuring its relevance and applicability within this specific cultural setting.
Study design
Validation process by observational and descriptive study.
Methods
Initially, two members of the research team independently translated the original OHLS into Italian. Subsequent comparisons and syntheses of these translations produced a unified Italian document. To ensure translation accuracy, this document was then retranslated back into English. An expert committee with specialized knowledge in occupational safety and health evaluated the retranslations to finalize the Italian version. This version underwent a preliminary test using a pilot group, followed by anonymous administration to a sample of 398 workers.
Results
The adaptation of the OHLS into Italian demonstrated outstanding psychometric characteristics. The scale exhibited an excellent model fit and strong internal consistency. Furthermore, the factorial structures were congruent with theoretical expectations, underscoring the scale's robust construct validity.
Conclusions
The Italian version of the OHLS has been validated as a reliable and effective instrument for quantifying occupational health literacy among Italian workers. This tool's demonstrated validity and reliability suggest its potential for broader application in promoting occupational health awareness and interventions within Italian-speaking populations.
{"title":"Occupational Health Literacy Scale development and validation in Italy: a pilot study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study aimed to adapt and validate the Occupational Health Literacy Scale (OHLS) for the Italian workforce, assessing its psychometric properties and ensuring its relevance and applicability within this specific cultural setting.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Validation process by observational and descriptive study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Initially, two members of the research team independently translated the original OHLS into Italian. Subsequent comparisons and syntheses of these translations produced a unified Italian document. To ensure translation accuracy, this document was then retranslated back into English. An expert committee with specialized knowledge in occupational safety and health evaluated the retranslations to finalize the Italian version. This version underwent a preliminary test using a pilot group, followed by anonymous administration to a sample of 398 workers.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The adaptation of the OHLS into Italian demonstrated outstanding psychometric characteristics. The scale exhibited an excellent model fit and strong internal consistency. Furthermore, the factorial structures were congruent with theoretical expectations, underscoring the scale's robust construct validity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The Italian version of the OHLS has been validated as a reliable and effective instrument for quantifying occupational health literacy among Italian workers. This tool's demonstrated validity and reliability suggest its potential for broader application in promoting occupational health awareness and interventions within Italian-speaking populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033350624003068/pdfft?md5=7ab5d11463b5390f570f7d2fc0ecf8a1&pid=1-s2.0-S0033350624003068-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142020377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.06.039
Objectives
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of global mortality. Modifiable behavioural and metabolic risk factors significantly contribute to the burden of CVD. Given the vast socio-demographic and health outcome heterogeneity in Latin America, similar southern Latin American countries (Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay) were analysed as a distinct group to describe the CVD death rates related to metabolic and behavioural risk factors.
Study design
An ecological study was performed using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.
Methods
Metabolic and behavioural risk factors-related CVD death were examined by analysing age-standardised rates per 100,000 individuals in the three countries between 1990 and 2019.
Results
While exposure to behavioural risk is decreasing, an upwards trend was observed in metabolic risks. Among the assessed risk factors, metabolic factors emerged as the primary contributors to deaths. High fasting plasma glucose exhibited a remarkable increase in relative importance across most studied contexts. Dietary risks stood out among behavioural factors due to their complexity and substantial changes observed. Although mortality rates have declined for overall CVD, peripheral artery disease mortality is rising.
Conclusion
Modifiable behavioural and metabolic risk factors significantly influence CVD mortality in Southern Latin America. Despite the increasing exposure to metabolic risks, advancements in prevention and treatment are evidenced in the decline of mortality rates for most CVD. These findings emphasise the need for targeted interventions and comprehensive strategies to address their impact on cardiovascular health, advocating for healthy lifestyle behaviours to mitigate the progression and CVD development.
{"title":"Metabolic and behavioural risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Southern Latin America: analysis of the Global Burden of Disease 1990–2019","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.06.039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.06.039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of global mortality. Modifiable behavioural and metabolic risk factors significantly contribute to the burden of CVD. Given the vast socio-demographic and health outcome heterogeneity in Latin America, similar southern Latin American countries (Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay) were analysed as a distinct group to describe the CVD death rates related to metabolic and behavioural risk factors.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>An ecological study was performed using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Metabolic and behavioural risk factors-related CVD death were examined by analysing age-standardised rates per 100,000 individuals in the three countries between 1990 and 2019.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>While exposure to behavioural risk is decreasing, an upwards trend was observed in metabolic risks. Among the assessed risk factors, metabolic factors emerged as the primary contributors to deaths. High fasting plasma glucose exhibited a remarkable increase in relative importance across most studied contexts. Dietary risks stood out among behavioural factors due to their complexity and substantial changes observed. Although mortality rates have declined for overall CVD, peripheral artery disease mortality is rising.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Modifiable behavioural and metabolic risk factors significantly influence CVD mortality in Southern Latin America. Despite the increasing exposure to metabolic risks, advancements in prevention and treatment are evidenced in the decline of mortality rates for most CVD. These findings emphasise the need for targeted interventions and comprehensive strategies to address their impact on cardiovascular health, advocating for healthy lifestyle behaviours to mitigate the progression and CVD development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.007
Objectives
In recent times, the world has witnessed unprecedented challenges, with the COVID-19 pandemic being a major disruptor to various aspects of daily life. This article delves into the profound impact of pandemics on primary care, specifically focussing on changes in antidepressant prescriptions and mental health referrals before, during, and after lockdowns in England, UK.
Methods
In this retrospective study, we used anonymised individual-level electronic health record data from general practitioner (GP) practices in the North of England, UK. We applied a negative binomial-logit hurdle model and a multinominal logit regression model to assess the impact on antidepressant prescriptions and GP referral types, respectively.
Results
The initiation of antidepressant prescriptions showed a notable decrease during and post lockdowns, with a minor uptick in ongoing antidepressant prescriptions during the lockdown periods. Over the course of lockdowns and beyond, there was a growing trend of patients being referred to social prescribing interventions. Notably, individuals from ethnic minorities were more inclined to receive fewer medical treatments and more social prescribing interventions.
Conclusion
The increase in antidepressant prescriptions during the pandemic-related lockdowns was expected due to these challenging circumstances. Reduced referrals to secondary mental health services occurred as online counselling services were deemed inappropriate by some doctors, and patients were hesitant to seek face-to-face help. Notably, there was a rise in social prescribing referrals, emerging as a valuable resource for psychological support amid heightened mental health strain. Additionally, ethnic minority patients were less likely to receive medical treatments but more likely to be referred to social prescribing services. Despite the inevitable negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, these findings highlight the active role of non-clinical support in a social model of health, addressing unmet needs and reducing barriers to mental health care for certain groups.
{"title":"Impact of pandemics on primary care: changes in general practitioner antidepressant prescriptions and mental health referrals during lockdowns in England, UK","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>In recent times, the world has witnessed unprecedented challenges, with the COVID-19 pandemic being a major disruptor to various aspects of daily life. This article delves into the profound impact of pandemics on primary care, specifically focussing on changes in antidepressant prescriptions and mental health referrals before, during, and after lockdowns in England, UK.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this retrospective study, we used anonymised individual-level electronic health record data from general practitioner (GP) practices in the North of England, UK. We applied a negative binomial-logit hurdle model and a multinominal logit regression model to assess the impact on antidepressant prescriptions and GP referral types, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The initiation of antidepressant prescriptions showed a notable decrease during and post lockdowns, with a minor uptick in ongoing antidepressant prescriptions during the lockdown periods. Over the course of lockdowns and beyond, there was a growing trend of patients being referred to social prescribing interventions. Notably, individuals from ethnic minorities were more inclined to receive fewer medical treatments and more social prescribing interventions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The increase in antidepressant prescriptions during the pandemic-related lockdowns was expected due to these challenging circumstances. Reduced referrals to secondary mental health services occurred as online counselling services were deemed inappropriate by some doctors, and patients were hesitant to seek face-to-face help. Notably, there was a rise in social prescribing referrals, emerging as a valuable resource for psychological support amid heightened mental health strain. Additionally, ethnic minority patients were less likely to receive medical treatments but more likely to be referred to social prescribing services. Despite the inevitable negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, these findings highlight the active role of non-clinical support in a social model of health, addressing unmet needs and reducing barriers to mental health care for certain groups.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033350624002877/pdfft?md5=d03ff42898a0beca2f2ee00745e9c918&pid=1-s2.0-S0033350624002877-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142011837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.019
Objectives
To understand how the perinatal care experiences among adolescents were impacted during the early years of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Study design
Integrative review.
Methods
We performed a search in the literature focusing on qualitative studies regarding the perceptions of pregnant adolescents during the pandemic (2020–2023). We described the most frequent thematic axes observed in the included studies, and we synthesized the results.
Results
The selection involved 69 articles, resulting in 9 studies from 7 countries (Indonesia, Kenya, the United Kingdom, South Africa, the United States, Malawi, and India). The studies highlight six main thematic axes: 1. Economic impact: the pandemic adversely influenced personal and family conditions, leading to early marriages and violence and exacerbating pre-existing economic inequalities. 2. Mental health: increased anxiety, depression, isolation, and fear among pregnant adolescents, with a focus on concerns related to contamination and perinatal uncertainties. 3. Compromised perinatal care: restrictions during prenatal and delivery care and lack of emotional and professional support lead to negative impacts on care for pregnant adolescents. 4. Breakdown of family Support network: school closures, family losses, and increased domestic violence affected family dynamics, influencing the occurrence of early pregnancies. 5. Impact on sexual education: school closures hindered access to contraceptives, contributing to unplanned pregnancies. 6. Vaccine hesitancy: misinformation led to hesitancy among pregnant women, highlighting the need for better communication to increase confidence in vaccination.
Conclusions
The review emphasizes the wide geographic variety of the studies and highlights the interconnection between economic, social, and mental health factors. The pandemic intensified preexisting challenges, underscoring the importance of comprehensive support for pregnant adolescents, including emotional and psychological support. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated social and economic inequalities, negatively impacting the perinatal experiences of pregnant adolescents. The emphasis is on the need for comprehensive support, considering psychosocial factors, highlights the importance of more inclusive and sensitive health policies addressing the specific needs of this group during public health crises. The identified thematic axes, spanning economic, mental health, perinatal care, family support networks, sexual education, and vaccine hesitancy, illuminate the intricate challenges faced by adolescents during the pandemic. The identification of these axes provided a comprehensive analysis of the diverse consequences experienced by adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also allows the proposition of tailored interventions to mitigate the adverse effects on adolescent well-being and inf
{"title":"Adolescent experiences during perinatal care in the COVID-19 pandemic: synthesis of qualitative studies","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To understand how the perinatal care experiences among adolescents were impacted during the early years of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Integrative review.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We performed a search in the literature focusing on qualitative studies regarding the perceptions of pregnant adolescents during the pandemic (2020–2023). We described the most frequent thematic axes observed in the included studies, and we synthesized the results.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The selection involved 69 articles, resulting in 9 studies from 7 countries (Indonesia, Kenya, the United Kingdom, South Africa, the United States, Malawi, and India). The studies highlight six main thematic axes: 1. Economic impact: the pandemic adversely influenced personal and family conditions, leading to early marriages and violence and exacerbating pre-existing economic inequalities. 2. Mental health: increased anxiety, depression, isolation, and fear among pregnant adolescents, with a focus on concerns related to contamination and perinatal uncertainties. 3. Compromised perinatal care: restrictions during prenatal and delivery care and lack of emotional and professional support lead to negative impacts on care for pregnant adolescents. 4. Breakdown of family Support network: school closures, family losses, and increased domestic violence affected family dynamics, influencing the occurrence of early pregnancies. 5. Impact on sexual education: school closures hindered access to contraceptives, contributing to unplanned pregnancies. 6. Vaccine hesitancy: misinformation led to hesitancy among pregnant women, highlighting the need for better communication to increase confidence in vaccination.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The review emphasizes the wide geographic variety of the studies and highlights the interconnection between economic, social, and mental health factors. The pandemic intensified preexisting challenges, underscoring the importance of comprehensive support for pregnant adolescents, including emotional and psychological support. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated social and economic inequalities, negatively impacting the perinatal experiences of pregnant adolescents. The emphasis is on the need for comprehensive support, considering psychosocial factors, highlights the importance of more inclusive and sensitive health policies addressing the specific needs of this group during public health crises. The identified thematic axes, spanning economic, mental health, perinatal care, family support networks, sexual education, and vaccine hesitancy, illuminate the intricate challenges faced by adolescents during the pandemic. The identification of these axes provided a comprehensive analysis of the diverse consequences experienced by adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also allows the proposition of tailored interventions to mitigate the adverse effects on adolescent well-being and inf","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033350624003081/pdfft?md5=aee94669498588764b6a266895fa9307&pid=1-s2.0-S0033350624003081-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142011320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.008
Objectives
There is a need to consider COVID-19 a syndemic; which calls for a comprehensive approach to tackle the associated interconnected challenges. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential syndemic nature of COVID-19, with a specific focus on understanding how viral infection, mental health (such as anxiety and depression), and pre-existing comorbidities interact and influence each other.
Study Design
Retrospective population-based cohort study.
Methods
We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using linked health administrative data from the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ontario. The study included 2,863,423 Ontario residents from January 2020 to March 2021. We analysed healthcare services utilisation (physician visits, emergency visits, and hospitalisations) for chronic conditions among individuals with both COVID-19 and either anxiety or depression, to understand the syndemic impact of COVID-19 and mental health issues among Ontario population.
Results
Multiple regression models were used to explore the study's objective. In the final adjusted regression model for the sample, it was found that the individuals who were COVID-19 positive and had either anxiety or depression were more likely to utilise health services for chronic conditions of interest during the pandemic than those who were COVID-19-negative with mental health issues (odds ratio [OR]:, 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–1.58). A higher risk of morbidity was observed among males (OR: 1.28; CI: 1.16–1.41), as well as in individuals with diverse ethnic backgrounds and low socioeconomic status.
Conclusions
The impact of COVID-19 on mental health, particularly among vulnerable populations with chronic diseases, can be seen as a syndemic. This complex interaction emphasises the need for integrated public health strategies.
{"title":"Exploring the syndemic impact of COVID-19 and mental health on health services utilisation among adult Ontario population","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>There is a need to consider COVID-19 a syndemic; which calls for a comprehensive approach to tackle the associated interconnected challenges. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential syndemic nature of COVID-19, with a specific focus on understanding how viral infection, mental health (such as anxiety and depression), and pre-existing comorbidities interact and influence each other.</p></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><p>Retrospective population-based cohort study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using linked health administrative data from the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ontario. The study included 2,863,423 Ontario residents from January 2020 to March 2021. We analysed healthcare services utilisation (physician visits, emergency visits, and hospitalisations) for chronic conditions among individuals with both COVID-19 and either anxiety or depression, to understand the syndemic impact of COVID-19 and mental health issues among Ontario population.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Multiple regression models were used to explore the study's objective. In the final adjusted regression model for the sample, it was found that the individuals who were COVID-19 positive and had either anxiety or depression were more likely to utilise health services for chronic conditions of interest during the pandemic than those who were COVID-19-negative with mental health issues (odds ratio [OR]:, 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–1.58). A higher risk of morbidity was observed among males (OR: 1.28; CI: 1.16–1.41), as well as in individuals with diverse ethnic backgrounds and low socioeconomic status.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The impact of COVID-19 on mental health, particularly among vulnerable populations with chronic diseases, can be seen as a syndemic. This complex interaction emphasises the need for integrated public health strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033350624002889/pdfft?md5=32702e32308775d5cf5beb0bc35cfb77&pid=1-s2.0-S0033350624002889-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142011838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-19DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.020
Objectives
The allergic airway disease, such as allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma, is a general term of a range of inflammatory disorders affecting the upper and lower airways and lung parenchyma. This study aimed to investigate the short-term effects of air pollutants and meteorological factors on AAD-related daily outpatient visits.
Study design
An ecological study.
Methods
Data on outpatient visits due to AAD (n = 4,554,404) were collected from the platform of the Ningbo Health Information from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2021. A Quasi-Poisson generalized additive regression model was established to analyze the lag effects of air pollution on daily outpatient visits for AAD. Restricted cubic spline functions were used to explore the potential non-linear relationships between air pollutants and meteorological and daily outpatient visits for AAD.
Results
PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, or CO were associated with daily outpatient visits for AAD, and there was a significant increasing trend in the cumulative lag effects. SO2 had the largest effect at Lag07, with a 25.3% (95% CI: 21.6%–29.0%) increase in AAD for every 10 μg/m3 increase in exposure concentration. Subgroup analysis showed that the 0–18 years old age group had the strongest effects, especially for AR, and all effects were stronger in the cold season.
Conclusions
Given that patients aged 0–18 are more susceptible to environmental changes, protective measures specifically for children should be taken during dry and cold weather conditions with poor air quality.
{"title":"Short-term effects of air pollutants and meteorological factors on outpatients with allergic airway disease in Ningbo, China, 2015–2021","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The allergic airway disease, such as allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma, is a general term of a range of inflammatory disorders affecting the upper and lower airways and lung parenchyma. This study aimed to investigate the short-term effects of air pollutants and meteorological factors on AAD-related daily outpatient visits.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>An ecological study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data on outpatient visits due to AAD (n = 4,554,404) were collected from the platform of the Ningbo Health Information from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2021. A Quasi-Poisson generalized additive regression model was established to analyze the lag effects of air pollution on daily outpatient visits for AAD. Restricted cubic spline functions were used to explore the potential non-linear relationships between air pollutants and meteorological and daily outpatient visits for AAD.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, or CO were associated with daily outpatient visits for AAD, and there was a significant increasing trend in the cumulative lag effects. SO<sub>2</sub> had the largest effect at Lag07, with a 25.3% (95% CI: 21.6%–29.0%) increase in AAD for every 10 μg/m<sup>3</sup> increase in exposure concentration. Subgroup analysis showed that the 0–18 years old age group had the strongest effects, especially for AR, and all effects were stronger in the cold season.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Given that patients aged 0–18 are more susceptible to environmental changes, protective measures specifically for children should be taken during dry and cold weather conditions with poor air quality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-18DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.011
Objectives
The objective of this study was to analyse the global, regional, and national burdens of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in adults aged 15–49 years and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019.
Study design
Epidemiological study.
Methods
Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. The estimated annual percentage change was used to evaluate temporal trends in incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of youth IHD. We selected IHD-associated risk factors, including five environmental/occupational factors, 16 behavioural risks, and five metabolic factors. We computed the age-standardised rates and percentage of age-standardised DALY rates attributable to these factors of youth IHD.
Results
Globally, there were 2.26 million cases of incidence, 0.63 million deaths, and 30.58 million DALYs in 2019. The age-standardised incidence, death, and DALY rates decreased from 1990 to 2019, whereas the absolute number of incidences, deaths, and DALYs increased significantly. Globally, approximately 94.1% of age-standardised DALY rates from IHD in youths aged 15–49 years are attributable to risk factors listed in the GBD 2019 dataset. The leading global and regional risk factors for youth IHD in 2019 were high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (68.9%), high systolic blood pressure (51.2%), high body mass index (33.1%), smoking (30.5%), and ambient particulate-matter pollution (25.4%).
Conclusions
The burden of IHD among young people is still heavy, and metabolic risk factors are the leading drivers of IHD. Therefore, formulating relevant policies to control and treat cardiovascular risk factors is an effective measure to reduce the IHD burden in youth.
{"title":"Global, regional, and national burden of ischaemic heart disease and its attributable risk factors in youth from 1990 to 2019: a Global Burden of Disease study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The objective of this study was to analyse the global, regional, and national burdens of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in adults aged 15–49 years and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Epidemiological study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. The estimated annual percentage change was used to evaluate temporal trends in incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of youth IHD. We selected IHD-associated risk factors, including five environmental/occupational factors, 16 behavioural risks, and five metabolic factors. We computed the age-standardised rates and percentage of age-standardised DALY rates attributable to these factors of youth IHD.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Globally, there were 2.26 million cases of incidence, 0.63 million deaths, and 30.58 million DALYs in 2019. The age-standardised incidence, death, and DALY rates decreased from 1990 to 2019, whereas the absolute number of incidences, deaths, and DALYs increased significantly. Globally, approximately 94.1% of age-standardised DALY rates from IHD in youths aged 15–49 years are attributable to risk factors listed in the GBD 2019 dataset. The leading global and regional risk factors for youth IHD in 2019 were high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (68.9%), high systolic blood pressure (51.2%), high body mass index (33.1%), smoking (30.5%), and ambient particulate-matter pollution (25.4%).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The burden of IHD among young people is still heavy, and metabolic risk factors are the leading drivers of IHD. Therefore, formulating relevant policies to control and treat cardiovascular risk factors is an effective measure to reduce the IHD burden in youth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-17DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.013
Objectives
Secondhand smoking may contribute to cognitive decline, but evidence on this subject is limited in the working economically active older adults. This study aimed to investigate the association between cognitive decline and exposure to secondhand smoke at work in economically active adults aged 65 years or above.
Study design
Cross-sectional study using nationwide data.
Methods
Data were from the 2022 Korea Community Health Survey. Chi-squared test was used to perform descriptive statistics. The association between cognitive decline and exposure to secondhand smoke at work was analysed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Subgroup analysis was performed based on to exposure status to secondhand smoke at home and diabetes mellitus.
Results
Of a total of 28,197 adults, 8767 (28.5%) individuals reported cognitive decline. Compared to individuals without exposure to passive smoking at work, those with such exposure were more likely to report cognitive decline (odds ratio: 1.30, 95% confidence interval: 1.14–1.47). This association was particularly strong in individuals with exposure to passive smoking at both work and home and in those diagnosed with diabetes mellitus.
Conclusions
Exposure to secondhand smoking at work is associated with a higher likelihood of cognitive decline in older-aged economically active individuals. The findings infer the importance of monitoring passive smoking and implementing public health measures to reduce workplace secondhand smoke exposure.
{"title":"The association between cognitive decline and exposure to secondhand smoke at work in economically active older adults","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Secondhand smoking may contribute to cognitive decline, but evidence on this subject is limited in the working economically active older adults. This study aimed to investigate the association between cognitive decline and exposure to secondhand smoke at work in economically active adults aged 65 years or above.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Cross-sectional study using nationwide data.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data were from the 2022 Korea Community Health Survey. Chi-squared test was used to perform descriptive statistics. The association between cognitive decline and exposure to secondhand smoke at work was analysed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Subgroup analysis was performed based on to exposure status to secondhand smoke at home and diabetes mellitus.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of a total of 28,197 adults, 8767 (28.5%) individuals reported cognitive decline. Compared to individuals without exposure to passive smoking at work, those with such exposure were more likely to report cognitive decline (odds ratio: 1.30, 95% confidence interval: 1.14–1.47). This association was particularly strong in individuals with exposure to passive smoking at both work and home and in those diagnosed with diabetes mellitus.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Exposure to secondhand smoking at work is associated with a higher likelihood of cognitive decline in older-aged economically active individuals. The findings infer the importance of monitoring passive smoking and implementing public health measures to reduce workplace secondhand smoke exposure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141997543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-17DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.006
Objectives
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a profound impact on the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. This study aims to summarise key findings from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 in the region. We also explore disparities in burden rates and the relationship with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI).
Study design
A cross-sectional analysis of GBD 2021 results was conducted.
Methods
We obtained the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to COVID-19 for 20 countries, analysing number- and age-adjusted rates. Spearman's correlation () and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) assessed the SDI–DALY rates relationship.
Results
COVID-19 was the leading cause disease burden in the region, with 20,437,321 DALYs in 2020 and 31,525,824 in 2021. Premature mortality (years of life lost) accounted for over 95%. Disparities existed across sexes, age groups, and countries, with Bolivia and Peru having the highest rates. A significant 2021 correlation was found ( = −0.55, 95% CI: -0.90 to 0.19; P = 0.013) but not in 2020 ( = −0.40, 95% CI: -0.75 to 0.05; P = 0.078).
Conclusions
COVID-19 posed a significant burden in Latin America and the Caribbean, emphasising the need for targeted interventions, especially in socioeconomically disadvantaged regions.
{"title":"The burden of COVID-19 in Latin American and Caribbean countries: an analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a profound impact on the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. This study aims to summarise key findings from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 in the region. We also explore disparities in burden rates and the relationship with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI).</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>A cross-sectional analysis of GBD 2021 results was conducted.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We obtained the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to COVID-19 for 20 countries, analysing number- and age-adjusted rates. Spearman's correlation (<span><math><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>o</mi></mrow></math></span>) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) assessed the SDI–DALY rates relationship.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>COVID-19 was the leading cause disease burden in the region, with 20,437,321 DALYs in 2020 and 31,525,824 in 2021. Premature mortality (years of life lost) accounted for over 95%. Disparities existed across sexes, age groups, and countries, with Bolivia and Peru having the highest rates. A significant 2021 correlation was found (<span><math><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>o</mi></mrow></math></span> = −0.55, 95% CI: -0.90 to 0.19; <em>P</em> = 0.013) but not in 2020 (<span><math><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>o</mi></mrow></math></span> = −0.40, 95% CI: -0.75 to 0.05; <em>P</em> = 0.078).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>COVID-19 posed a significant burden in Latin America and the Caribbean, emphasising the need for targeted interventions, especially in socioeconomically disadvantaged regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141997542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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