Pub Date : 2024-08-24DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.023
Objectives
The increased frequency and severity of extreme weather events (EWEs) have underscored the need to strengthen climate-resilient health systems and capacity. Community health workers (CHWs) are integral health systems actors with the potential to protect and improve population health in a changing climate. The aim of this review was to synthesize the literature on the roles of CHWs amid EWEs in low- and middle-income countries, the barriers and facilitators to implement these roles, and program supports to strengthen CHW capacity and health system functions.
Study design
Scoping review.
Methods
Four academic databases and gray literature published between January 2000 and June 2023 were searched. Data were thematically analyzed using a deductive-inductive approach guided by the World Health Organization's (WHO's) Operational framework for building climate-resilient health systems.
Results
Thirty sources were included. Amid EWEs, CHW roles included: 1) delivery of diagnostic, treatment, and other clinical services; 2) support with access, utilization, or navigation of health services and/or referrals; 3) community education and health promotion; 4) data collection and health surveillance; 5) psychosocial supports; and 6) weather-related health emergency response. Facilitators and barriers to the provision of CHW supports amid EWEs were categorized within WHO's building blocks of health systems. Considerations for strengthening CHW programs to enhance climate-resilient health systems are also discussed.
Conclusions
CHWs are uniquely positioned to provide health-related supports amid EWEs that extend to emergency preparedness and response to climate-health challenges. These efforts can contribute to the community and health systems resilience to climate change.
{"title":"Examining the role of community health workers amid extreme weather events in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The increased frequency and severity of extreme weather events (EWEs) have underscored the need to strengthen climate-resilient health systems and capacity. Community health workers (CHWs) are integral health systems actors with the potential to protect and improve population health in a changing climate. The aim of this review was to synthesize the literature on the roles of CHWs amid EWEs in low- and middle-income countries, the barriers and facilitators to implement these roles, and program supports to strengthen CHW capacity and health system functions.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Scoping review.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Four academic databases and gray literature published between January 2000 and June 2023 were searched. Data were thematically analyzed using a deductive-inductive approach guided by the World Health Organization's (WHO's) Operational framework for building climate-resilient health systems.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Thirty sources were included. Amid EWEs, CHW roles included: 1) delivery of diagnostic, treatment, and other clinical services; 2) support with access, utilization, or navigation of health services and/or referrals; 3) community education and health promotion; 4) data collection and health surveillance; 5) psychosocial supports; and 6) weather-related health emergency response. Facilitators and barriers to the provision of CHW supports amid EWEs were categorized within WHO's building blocks of health systems. Considerations for strengthening CHW programs to enhance climate-resilient health systems are also discussed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>CHWs are uniquely positioned to provide health-related supports amid EWEs that extend to emergency preparedness and response to climate-health challenges. These efforts can contribute to the community and health systems resilience to climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033350624003123/pdfft?md5=58240246ecb751fa62d04a2096cd7446&pid=1-s2.0-S0033350624003123-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-24DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.014
Objectives
Mpox continues to spread in China, and stakeholders' experiences may help inform prevention and control strategies.
Study design
Qualitative study.
Methods
A qualitative study across 14 Chinese cities recruited stakeholders from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs), community-based organizations (CBOs), and hospitals involved in curbing mpox. Semi-structured interviews were conducted by telephone and analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method.
Results
15 CBOs workers, 14 CDCs staff, and 13 healthcare workers were recruited. Three theme categories were identified: “Efforts to curb mpox epidemic”, including CDCs' epidemic management and health education, hospitals' diagnosis, treatment, and care, CBOs’ counseling, publicity, and referrals. “Challenges to curb mpox epidemic”, including negative impacts of hospital-based quarantine, lack of specific antiviral drugs, gay identity disclosure concerns, psychological problems, contact tracing difficulties, and inadequate communication and collaboration. “Recommendations for curbing mpox epidemic”, including prioritizing supervised home-based quarantine, incorporating HIV-related indicators into hospital quarantine criteria, reducing the cost of hospital quarantine, accelerating the development of vaccines and drugs, enhancing patient privacy protection, psychological training for stakeholders, establishing a task force that comprises personnel who are experienced in contact tracing and strengthening communication and collaboration.
Conclusions
Effective control of mpox spread requires strengthening collaboration with CBOs and community healthcare centers (CHCs) and working out a flexible and contextualized mechanism. It also needs to reinforce patient privacy protection and integrate stigma reduction into strategies. Additionally, it is important to include HIV-related indicators in the quarantine evaluation and provide psychological training for stakeholders to help them manage their mental health and improve counseling skills.
{"title":"Efforts made, challenges faced, and recommendations provided by stakeholders involved in mpox prevention and control in China: a qualitative study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Mpox continues to spread in China, and stakeholders' experiences may help inform prevention and control strategies.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Qualitative study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A qualitative study across 14 Chinese cities recruited stakeholders from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs), community-based organizations (CBOs), and hospitals involved in curbing mpox. Semi-structured interviews were conducted by telephone and analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>15 CBOs workers, 14 CDCs staff, and 13 healthcare workers were recruited. Three theme categories were identified: “Efforts to curb mpox epidemic”, including CDCs' epidemic management and health education, hospitals' diagnosis, treatment, and care, CBOs’ counseling, publicity, and referrals. “Challenges to curb mpox epidemic”, including negative impacts of hospital-based quarantine, lack of specific antiviral drugs, gay identity disclosure concerns, psychological problems, contact tracing difficulties, and inadequate communication and collaboration. “Recommendations for curbing mpox epidemic”, including prioritizing supervised home-based quarantine, incorporating HIV-related indicators into hospital quarantine criteria, reducing the cost of hospital quarantine, accelerating the development of vaccines and drugs, enhancing patient privacy protection, psychological training for stakeholders, establishing a task force that comprises personnel who are experienced in contact tracing and strengthening communication and collaboration.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Effective control of mpox spread requires strengthening collaboration with CBOs and community healthcare centers (CHCs) and working out a flexible and contextualized mechanism. It also needs to reinforce patient privacy protection and integrate stigma reduction into strategies. Additionally, it is important to include HIV-related indicators in the quarantine evaluation and provide psychological training for stakeholders to help them manage their mental health and improve counseling skills.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-24DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.025
Objectives
To assess all-cause mortality and suicides after pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI).
Study design
We conducted population-based historical cohort study using three nationwide registers from 1998 to 2018 in Finland. All patients that were the age of 0–17 at the time of the pTBI were included. The reference group consisted of children with ankle or wrist fractures. We used Kaplan–Meier and restricted mean survival time (RMST) analysis with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to compare all-cause mortality and suicides between groups.
Results
After 20 years of follow-up, there were 479 deaths in the pTBI group (0.67% of 71,963) and 306 deaths in the reference group (0.47% of 64,848). In the pTBI group, 28.6% of the deaths occurred after the first follow-up year, compared to 2.6% in the reference group. In all-cause mortality, survival time was slightly less in the pTBI group with age and gender adjustment throughout the follow-up period [20-year RMST ratio: 0.995; CI (0.994–0.996)]. The leading manners of death were suicides (pTBI group = 28.4%; reference group = 45.5%) and traffic collisions (pTBI group = 37.4%; reference group = 20.8%). Age and gender-adjusted survival time was slightly less for those with suicide as a manner of death in the pTBI group [10-year RMST ratio: 0.999; CI (0.999–0.999); 20-year RMST ratio: 0.999; CI (0.998–0.999)].
Conclusions
Children and adolescents who sustained a TBI have slightly lower long-term survival time for all-cause mortality, most of which occurs during the first year following injury. There is no clinically meaningful difference in deaths by suicide between the two injury groups.
{"title":"All-cause mortality and suicide after pediatric traumatic brain injury: a 20-year nationwide study in Finland","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To assess all-cause mortality and suicides after pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI).</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>We conducted population-based historical cohort study using three nationwide registers from 1998 to 2018 in Finland. All patients that were the age of 0–17 at the time of the pTBI were included. The reference group consisted of children with ankle or wrist fractures. We used Kaplan–Meier and restricted mean survival time (RMST) analysis with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to compare all-cause mortality and suicides between groups.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>After 20 years of follow-up, there were 479 deaths in the pTBI group (0.67% of 71,963) and 306 deaths in the reference group (0.47% of 64,848). In the pTBI group, 28.6% of the deaths occurred after the first follow-up year, compared to 2.6% in the reference group. In all-cause mortality, survival time was slightly less in the pTBI group with age and gender adjustment throughout the follow-up period [20-year RMST ratio: 0.995; CI (0.994–0.996)]. The leading manners of death were suicides (pTBI group = 28.4%; reference group = 45.5%) and traffic collisions (pTBI group = 37.4%; reference group = 20.8%). Age and gender-adjusted survival time was slightly less for those with suicide as a manner of death in the pTBI group [10-year RMST ratio: 0.999; CI (0.999–0.999); 20-year RMST ratio: 0.999; CI (0.998–0.999)].</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Children and adolescents who sustained a TBI have slightly lower long-term survival time for all-cause mortality, most of which occurs during the first year following injury. There is no clinically meaningful difference in deaths by suicide between the two injury groups.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033350624003147/pdfft?md5=9dd11cbbc7c85f84489603cb900418a3&pid=1-s2.0-S0033350624003147-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.016
Objectives
Understanding the relationship between ambient carbon monoxide (CO) exposure and hypertension is crucial for advancing public health research. We investigated the association between air pollution CO exposure and hypertension and determined whether various health indicators played a mediating role.
Study design
Cross-sectional population-based study.
Methods
Our study examined the data of 13,240 participants in the China Health and Aging Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) conducted in 2015. A logistic regression approach was used to investigate the association between CO concentration and hypertension. The mediating effects (MEs) of health indicators on the association between carbon monoxide and hypertension prevalence were explored using mediation models.
Results
Hypertension was diagnosed in 2953 of the participants. A significantly increased prevalence of hypertension was associated with higher concentrations of air pollutant CO after adjusting for all covariates (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.04–1.37) in the matched group (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.03–1.42). The study also showed that proportional mediation was 3.7% by TG, −5.3% by TC, −2.9% by LDL-C and 19.0% by HDL-C for blood lipid; 4.6% by FPG and 12.2% by HbA1c for blood glucose; −2.0% by grip strength and 16.2% by chair rising time for muscle strength; 59.6% by WC and 1.8% by BMI for obesity indicator and −2.3% by nighttime sleep and 7.8% by daytime nap for sleep duration.
Conclusions
A significant positive association has been found between environmental CO exposure and hypertension, and obesity, muscle strength, sleep duration, and metabolic factors may play a significant role in mediating this association.
{"title":"Mediating effects of carbon monoxide on the development of hypertension in China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Understanding the relationship between ambient carbon monoxide (CO) exposure and hypertension is crucial for advancing public health research. We investigated the association between air pollution CO exposure and hypertension and determined whether various health indicators played a mediating role.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Cross-sectional population-based study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Our study examined the data of 13,240 participants in the China Health and Aging Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) conducted in 2015. A logistic regression approach was used to investigate the association between CO concentration and hypertension. The mediating effects (MEs) of health indicators on the association between carbon monoxide and hypertension prevalence were explored using mediation models.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Hypertension was diagnosed in 2953 of the participants. A significantly increased prevalence of hypertension was associated with higher concentrations of air pollutant CO after adjusting for all covariates (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.04–1.37) in the matched group (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.03–1.42). The study also showed that proportional mediation was 3.7% by TG, −5.3% by TC, −2.9% by LDL-C and 19.0% by HDL-C for blood lipid; 4.6% by FPG and 12.2% by HbA1c for blood glucose; −2.0% by grip strength and 16.2% by chair rising time for muscle strength; 59.6% by WC and 1.8% by BMI for obesity indicator and −2.3% by nighttime sleep and 7.8% by daytime nap for sleep duration.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A significant positive association has been found between environmental CO exposure and hypertension, and obesity, muscle strength, sleep duration, and metabolic factors may play a significant role in mediating this association.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.022
Objectives
We explored the roles of personal values and value congruence—the alignment between individual and national values—in predicting public support for pandemic restrictions across 20 European countries.
Study design
Cross-sectional study.
Methods
We analyzed multinational European survey data (N = 34,356) using Schwartz's values theory and person-environment fit theory. Multilevel polynomial regression was employed to assess the linear and curvilinear effects of personal values on policy support. Multilevel Euclidean similarity analysis and response surface analysis were conducted to evaluate the impact of value congruence and delineate nuanced congruence patterns.
Results
Findings revealed that extreme levels of security, conformity, stimulation, hedonism, and achievement values were associated with decreased policy support. Value congruence with security, conformity, and benevolence increased support, while congruence with stimulation, hedonism, and achievement reduced it. High congruence between personal and national social focus values significantly boosted policy support. Extreme mismatches in self-direction values amplified support. Societal power exceeding personal power also increased support. Matched levels of hedonism motivated greater support, while stimulation and achievement value (in)congruence showed little impact.
Conclusions
We highlight the differential effects of personal values and value congruence on public attitudes toward pandemic restrictions. The findings underscore the importance of considering the interplay between individual and societal values when designing and implementing effective pandemic response strategies.
{"title":"The psychology of pandemic policy support: unraveling the complex interplay of personal values and value congruence across 20 European countries","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>We explored the roles of personal values and value congruence—the alignment between individual and national values—in predicting public support for pandemic restrictions across 20 European countries.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Cross-sectional study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We analyzed multinational European survey data (<em>N</em> = 34,356) using Schwartz's values theory and person-environment fit theory. Multilevel polynomial regression was employed to assess the linear and curvilinear effects of personal values on policy support. Multilevel Euclidean similarity analysis and response surface analysis were conducted to evaluate the impact of value congruence and delineate nuanced congruence patterns.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Findings revealed that extreme levels of security, conformity, stimulation, hedonism, and achievement values were associated with decreased policy support. Value congruence with security, conformity, and benevolence increased support, while congruence with stimulation, hedonism, and achievement reduced it. High congruence between personal and national social focus values significantly boosted policy support. Extreme mismatches in self-direction values amplified support. Societal power exceeding personal power also increased support. Matched levels of hedonism motivated greater support, while stimulation and achievement value (in)congruence showed little impact.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We highlight the differential effects of personal values and value congruence on public attitudes toward pandemic restrictions. The findings underscore the importance of considering the interplay between individual and societal values when designing and implementing effective pandemic response strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033350624003111/pdfft?md5=e4d523829dec85fe1bb3d58a07324000&pid=1-s2.0-S0033350624003111-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-21DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.018
Objectives
Explore pediatric staff experiences administering the second influenza vaccine dose.
Study design
Qualitative focus groups/interviews.
Methods
As part of the National Institutes of Health-funded Flu2Text randomized control trial of text message reminders for second influenza vaccine dose, we conducted seven focus groups and four individual interviews (n = 39 participants total) with clinicians and staff from participating practices from the American Academy of Pediatrics' Pediatric Research in Office Settings (PROS) Network. Of 37 participating practices, 10 were selected through stratified sampling of practices with highest (n = 5) and lowest (n = 5) randomized controlled trial effect sizes. A semi-structured discussion guide included questions that addressed parental, practice, and health system barriers/facilitators to second influenza vaccine dose administration. Using the Systems Model of Clinical Preventive Care as a conceptual framework, two investigators independently coded transcripts (Κ = 0.86, high agreement) with NVivo 12 Plus. Coding inconsistencies were resolved by consensus.
Results
Clinicians/staff reported that administering the second influenza vaccine dose in a season was more complex than other childhood vaccines. They highlighted parental uncertainty about the need for the second dose and the difficulty and inconvenience of bringing children back to the office as important barriers. Caregiver–staff relationships were perceived as helpful in getting children vaccinated with their second dose and vaccine reminders were seen as important cues-to-action.
Conclusions
Ensuring receipt of two doses of the influenza vaccine in a given season presents unique challenges. Themes identified provide a framework for understanding opportunities to bolster second dose receipt, including explaining why two doses are needed, offering flexible hours for vaccination, and sending vaccine reminders.
{"title":"Pediatric practice experiences with second dose influenza vaccination: An AAP Pediatric Research in Office Settings (PROS) Study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Explore pediatric staff experiences administering the second influenza vaccine dose.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Qualitative focus groups/interviews.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>As part of the National Institutes of Health-funded Flu2Text randomized control trial of text message reminders for second influenza vaccine dose, we conducted seven focus groups and four individual interviews (<em>n</em> = 39 participants total) with clinicians and staff from participating practices from the American Academy of Pediatrics' Pediatric Research in Office Settings (PROS) Network. Of 37 participating practices, 10 were selected through stratified sampling of practices with highest (<em>n</em> = 5) and lowest (<em>n</em> = 5) randomized controlled trial effect sizes. A semi-structured discussion guide included questions that addressed parental, practice, and health system barriers/facilitators to second influenza vaccine dose administration. Using the Systems Model of Clinical Preventive Care as a conceptual framework, two investigators independently coded transcripts (Κ = 0.86, high agreement) with NVivo 12 Plus. Coding inconsistencies were resolved by consensus.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Clinicians/staff reported that administering the second influenza vaccine dose in a season was more complex than other childhood vaccines. They highlighted parental uncertainty about the need for the second dose and the difficulty and inconvenience of bringing children back to the office as important barriers. Caregiver–staff relationships were perceived as helpful in getting children vaccinated with their second dose and vaccine reminders were seen as important cues-to-action.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Ensuring receipt of two doses of the influenza vaccine in a given season presents unique challenges. Themes identified provide a framework for understanding opportunities to bolster second dose receipt, including explaining why two doses are needed, offering flexible hours for vaccination, and sending vaccine reminders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142037497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-21DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.017
Objectives
This study aimed to adapt and validate the Occupational Health Literacy Scale (OHLS) for the Italian workforce, assessing its psychometric properties and ensuring its relevance and applicability within this specific cultural setting.
Study design
Validation process by observational and descriptive study.
Methods
Initially, two members of the research team independently translated the original OHLS into Italian. Subsequent comparisons and syntheses of these translations produced a unified Italian document. To ensure translation accuracy, this document was then retranslated back into English. An expert committee with specialized knowledge in occupational safety and health evaluated the retranslations to finalize the Italian version. This version underwent a preliminary test using a pilot group, followed by anonymous administration to a sample of 398 workers.
Results
The adaptation of the OHLS into Italian demonstrated outstanding psychometric characteristics. The scale exhibited an excellent model fit and strong internal consistency. Furthermore, the factorial structures were congruent with theoretical expectations, underscoring the scale's robust construct validity.
Conclusions
The Italian version of the OHLS has been validated as a reliable and effective instrument for quantifying occupational health literacy among Italian workers. This tool's demonstrated validity and reliability suggest its potential for broader application in promoting occupational health awareness and interventions within Italian-speaking populations.
{"title":"Occupational Health Literacy Scale development and validation in Italy: a pilot study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study aimed to adapt and validate the Occupational Health Literacy Scale (OHLS) for the Italian workforce, assessing its psychometric properties and ensuring its relevance and applicability within this specific cultural setting.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Validation process by observational and descriptive study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Initially, two members of the research team independently translated the original OHLS into Italian. Subsequent comparisons and syntheses of these translations produced a unified Italian document. To ensure translation accuracy, this document was then retranslated back into English. An expert committee with specialized knowledge in occupational safety and health evaluated the retranslations to finalize the Italian version. This version underwent a preliminary test using a pilot group, followed by anonymous administration to a sample of 398 workers.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The adaptation of the OHLS into Italian demonstrated outstanding psychometric characteristics. The scale exhibited an excellent model fit and strong internal consistency. Furthermore, the factorial structures were congruent with theoretical expectations, underscoring the scale's robust construct validity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The Italian version of the OHLS has been validated as a reliable and effective instrument for quantifying occupational health literacy among Italian workers. This tool's demonstrated validity and reliability suggest its potential for broader application in promoting occupational health awareness and interventions within Italian-speaking populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033350624003068/pdfft?md5=7ab5d11463b5390f570f7d2fc0ecf8a1&pid=1-s2.0-S0033350624003068-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142020377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.06.039
Objectives
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of global mortality. Modifiable behavioural and metabolic risk factors significantly contribute to the burden of CVD. Given the vast socio-demographic and health outcome heterogeneity in Latin America, similar southern Latin American countries (Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay) were analysed as a distinct group to describe the CVD death rates related to metabolic and behavioural risk factors.
Study design
An ecological study was performed using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.
Methods
Metabolic and behavioural risk factors-related CVD death were examined by analysing age-standardised rates per 100,000 individuals in the three countries between 1990 and 2019.
Results
While exposure to behavioural risk is decreasing, an upwards trend was observed in metabolic risks. Among the assessed risk factors, metabolic factors emerged as the primary contributors to deaths. High fasting plasma glucose exhibited a remarkable increase in relative importance across most studied contexts. Dietary risks stood out among behavioural factors due to their complexity and substantial changes observed. Although mortality rates have declined for overall CVD, peripheral artery disease mortality is rising.
Conclusion
Modifiable behavioural and metabolic risk factors significantly influence CVD mortality in Southern Latin America. Despite the increasing exposure to metabolic risks, advancements in prevention and treatment are evidenced in the decline of mortality rates for most CVD. These findings emphasise the need for targeted interventions and comprehensive strategies to address their impact on cardiovascular health, advocating for healthy lifestyle behaviours to mitigate the progression and CVD development.
{"title":"Metabolic and behavioural risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Southern Latin America: analysis of the Global Burden of Disease 1990–2019","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.06.039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.06.039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of global mortality. Modifiable behavioural and metabolic risk factors significantly contribute to the burden of CVD. Given the vast socio-demographic and health outcome heterogeneity in Latin America, similar southern Latin American countries (Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay) were analysed as a distinct group to describe the CVD death rates related to metabolic and behavioural risk factors.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>An ecological study was performed using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Metabolic and behavioural risk factors-related CVD death were examined by analysing age-standardised rates per 100,000 individuals in the three countries between 1990 and 2019.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>While exposure to behavioural risk is decreasing, an upwards trend was observed in metabolic risks. Among the assessed risk factors, metabolic factors emerged as the primary contributors to deaths. High fasting plasma glucose exhibited a remarkable increase in relative importance across most studied contexts. Dietary risks stood out among behavioural factors due to their complexity and substantial changes observed. Although mortality rates have declined for overall CVD, peripheral artery disease mortality is rising.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Modifiable behavioural and metabolic risk factors significantly influence CVD mortality in Southern Latin America. Despite the increasing exposure to metabolic risks, advancements in prevention and treatment are evidenced in the decline of mortality rates for most CVD. These findings emphasise the need for targeted interventions and comprehensive strategies to address their impact on cardiovascular health, advocating for healthy lifestyle behaviours to mitigate the progression and CVD development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.007
Objectives
In recent times, the world has witnessed unprecedented challenges, with the COVID-19 pandemic being a major disruptor to various aspects of daily life. This article delves into the profound impact of pandemics on primary care, specifically focussing on changes in antidepressant prescriptions and mental health referrals before, during, and after lockdowns in England, UK.
Methods
In this retrospective study, we used anonymised individual-level electronic health record data from general practitioner (GP) practices in the North of England, UK. We applied a negative binomial-logit hurdle model and a multinominal logit regression model to assess the impact on antidepressant prescriptions and GP referral types, respectively.
Results
The initiation of antidepressant prescriptions showed a notable decrease during and post lockdowns, with a minor uptick in ongoing antidepressant prescriptions during the lockdown periods. Over the course of lockdowns and beyond, there was a growing trend of patients being referred to social prescribing interventions. Notably, individuals from ethnic minorities were more inclined to receive fewer medical treatments and more social prescribing interventions.
Conclusion
The increase in antidepressant prescriptions during the pandemic-related lockdowns was expected due to these challenging circumstances. Reduced referrals to secondary mental health services occurred as online counselling services were deemed inappropriate by some doctors, and patients were hesitant to seek face-to-face help. Notably, there was a rise in social prescribing referrals, emerging as a valuable resource for psychological support amid heightened mental health strain. Additionally, ethnic minority patients were less likely to receive medical treatments but more likely to be referred to social prescribing services. Despite the inevitable negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, these findings highlight the active role of non-clinical support in a social model of health, addressing unmet needs and reducing barriers to mental health care for certain groups.
{"title":"Impact of pandemics on primary care: changes in general practitioner antidepressant prescriptions and mental health referrals during lockdowns in England, UK","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>In recent times, the world has witnessed unprecedented challenges, with the COVID-19 pandemic being a major disruptor to various aspects of daily life. This article delves into the profound impact of pandemics on primary care, specifically focussing on changes in antidepressant prescriptions and mental health referrals before, during, and after lockdowns in England, UK.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this retrospective study, we used anonymised individual-level electronic health record data from general practitioner (GP) practices in the North of England, UK. We applied a negative binomial-logit hurdle model and a multinominal logit regression model to assess the impact on antidepressant prescriptions and GP referral types, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The initiation of antidepressant prescriptions showed a notable decrease during and post lockdowns, with a minor uptick in ongoing antidepressant prescriptions during the lockdown periods. Over the course of lockdowns and beyond, there was a growing trend of patients being referred to social prescribing interventions. Notably, individuals from ethnic minorities were more inclined to receive fewer medical treatments and more social prescribing interventions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The increase in antidepressant prescriptions during the pandemic-related lockdowns was expected due to these challenging circumstances. Reduced referrals to secondary mental health services occurred as online counselling services were deemed inappropriate by some doctors, and patients were hesitant to seek face-to-face help. Notably, there was a rise in social prescribing referrals, emerging as a valuable resource for psychological support amid heightened mental health strain. Additionally, ethnic minority patients were less likely to receive medical treatments but more likely to be referred to social prescribing services. Despite the inevitable negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, these findings highlight the active role of non-clinical support in a social model of health, addressing unmet needs and reducing barriers to mental health care for certain groups.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033350624002877/pdfft?md5=d03ff42898a0beca2f2ee00745e9c918&pid=1-s2.0-S0033350624002877-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142011837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.019
Objectives
To understand how the perinatal care experiences among adolescents were impacted during the early years of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Study design
Integrative review.
Methods
We performed a search in the literature focusing on qualitative studies regarding the perceptions of pregnant adolescents during the pandemic (2020–2023). We described the most frequent thematic axes observed in the included studies, and we synthesized the results.
Results
The selection involved 69 articles, resulting in 9 studies from 7 countries (Indonesia, Kenya, the United Kingdom, South Africa, the United States, Malawi, and India). The studies highlight six main thematic axes: 1. Economic impact: the pandemic adversely influenced personal and family conditions, leading to early marriages and violence and exacerbating pre-existing economic inequalities. 2. Mental health: increased anxiety, depression, isolation, and fear among pregnant adolescents, with a focus on concerns related to contamination and perinatal uncertainties. 3. Compromised perinatal care: restrictions during prenatal and delivery care and lack of emotional and professional support lead to negative impacts on care for pregnant adolescents. 4. Breakdown of family Support network: school closures, family losses, and increased domestic violence affected family dynamics, influencing the occurrence of early pregnancies. 5. Impact on sexual education: school closures hindered access to contraceptives, contributing to unplanned pregnancies. 6. Vaccine hesitancy: misinformation led to hesitancy among pregnant women, highlighting the need for better communication to increase confidence in vaccination.
Conclusions
The review emphasizes the wide geographic variety of the studies and highlights the interconnection between economic, social, and mental health factors. The pandemic intensified preexisting challenges, underscoring the importance of comprehensive support for pregnant adolescents, including emotional and psychological support. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated social and economic inequalities, negatively impacting the perinatal experiences of pregnant adolescents. The emphasis is on the need for comprehensive support, considering psychosocial factors, highlights the importance of more inclusive and sensitive health policies addressing the specific needs of this group during public health crises. The identified thematic axes, spanning economic, mental health, perinatal care, family support networks, sexual education, and vaccine hesitancy, illuminate the intricate challenges faced by adolescents during the pandemic. The identification of these axes provided a comprehensive analysis of the diverse consequences experienced by adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also allows the proposition of tailored interventions to mitigate the adverse effects on adolescent well-being and inf
{"title":"Adolescent experiences during perinatal care in the COVID-19 pandemic: synthesis of qualitative studies","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To understand how the perinatal care experiences among adolescents were impacted during the early years of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Integrative review.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We performed a search in the literature focusing on qualitative studies regarding the perceptions of pregnant adolescents during the pandemic (2020–2023). We described the most frequent thematic axes observed in the included studies, and we synthesized the results.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The selection involved 69 articles, resulting in 9 studies from 7 countries (Indonesia, Kenya, the United Kingdom, South Africa, the United States, Malawi, and India). The studies highlight six main thematic axes: 1. Economic impact: the pandemic adversely influenced personal and family conditions, leading to early marriages and violence and exacerbating pre-existing economic inequalities. 2. Mental health: increased anxiety, depression, isolation, and fear among pregnant adolescents, with a focus on concerns related to contamination and perinatal uncertainties. 3. Compromised perinatal care: restrictions during prenatal and delivery care and lack of emotional and professional support lead to negative impacts on care for pregnant adolescents. 4. Breakdown of family Support network: school closures, family losses, and increased domestic violence affected family dynamics, influencing the occurrence of early pregnancies. 5. Impact on sexual education: school closures hindered access to contraceptives, contributing to unplanned pregnancies. 6. Vaccine hesitancy: misinformation led to hesitancy among pregnant women, highlighting the need for better communication to increase confidence in vaccination.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The review emphasizes the wide geographic variety of the studies and highlights the interconnection between economic, social, and mental health factors. The pandemic intensified preexisting challenges, underscoring the importance of comprehensive support for pregnant adolescents, including emotional and psychological support. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated social and economic inequalities, negatively impacting the perinatal experiences of pregnant adolescents. The emphasis is on the need for comprehensive support, considering psychosocial factors, highlights the importance of more inclusive and sensitive health policies addressing the specific needs of this group during public health crises. The identified thematic axes, spanning economic, mental health, perinatal care, family support networks, sexual education, and vaccine hesitancy, illuminate the intricate challenges faced by adolescents during the pandemic. The identification of these axes provided a comprehensive analysis of the diverse consequences experienced by adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also allows the proposition of tailored interventions to mitigate the adverse effects on adolescent well-being and inf","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033350624003081/pdfft?md5=aee94669498588764b6a266895fa9307&pid=1-s2.0-S0033350624003081-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142011320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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