Pub Date : 2015-06-24DOI: 10.20870/PRODUCTIONS-ANIMALES.2015.28.2.3014
D. Gruffat, B. Picard, D. Bauchart, D. Micol
EnglishWhile beef consumtion has declined in recent years in Europe, France is the first producer and consumer in the European Union. The French sector is characterized by its diversity of productions that are based on various types of animals: cows, heifers, bulls and steers of various breeds and conducted under different systems. This diversity is at the origin of different sensory and nutritional qualities. The purpose of this article is to review the main qualities required of this meat and present major research questions. francaisBien que la consommation de viande bovine ait diminue au cours des dernieres annees au niveau europeen. La filiere francaise se distingue par la diversite de ses productions qui s'appuient sur des types d'animaux divers: vaches, genisses, taurillons et boeufs de diverses races et conduits dans differents systemes de production. Cette diversite est a l'origine de qualites sensorieles et nutritionnelles variees. L'objectif de cet article est de faire le point sur les principales qualites demandees a la viande bovine et de presenter les questions de recherches majeures.
{"title":"La viande bovine : les principales qualités recherchées","authors":"D. Gruffat, B. Picard, D. Bauchart, D. Micol","doi":"10.20870/PRODUCTIONS-ANIMALES.2015.28.2.3014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20870/PRODUCTIONS-ANIMALES.2015.28.2.3014","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishWhile beef consumtion has declined in recent years in Europe, France is the first producer and consumer in the European Union. The French sector is characterized by its diversity of productions that are based on various types of animals: cows, heifers, bulls and steers of various breeds and conducted under different systems. This diversity is at the origin of different sensory and nutritional qualities. The purpose of this article is to review the main qualities required of this meat and present major research questions. francaisBien que la consommation de viande bovine ait diminue au cours des dernieres annees au niveau europeen. La filiere francaise se distingue par la diversite de ses productions qui s'appuient sur des types d'animaux divers: vaches, genisses, taurillons et boeufs de diverses races et conduits dans differents systemes de production. Cette diversite est a l'origine de qualites sensorieles et nutritionnelles variees. L'objectif de cet article est de faire le point sur les principales qualites demandees a la viande bovine et de presenter les questions de recherches majeures.","PeriodicalId":49664,"journal":{"name":"Inra Productions Animales","volume":"159 1","pages":"99-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77142581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-24DOI: 10.20870/PRODUCTIONS-ANIMALES.2015.28.2.3017
B. Lebret, J. Faure
francaisLe porc est la principale viande consommee en France et dans le monde, sous forme d'une multitude de produits frais ou transformes. La grande diversite des produits aux caracteristiques intrinseques particulieres, associee aux attentes qualitatives specifiques des differents acteurs de la filiere, rend tres complexe la notion de qualite de la viande porcine. Celle-ci inclut differentes composantes dont l'importance varie selon les acteurs et les produits consideres: valeur commerciale des carcasses ou des pieces de decoupe, aptitude a la transformation en produits cuits ou secs, caracteristiques nutritionnelles et sensorielles, impact des conditions d'elevage sur le bien-etre des animaux et l'environnement. Le developpement d'outils de prediction de la qualite de la viande et les demarches d'integration des composantes qualitatives relatives aux produits et aux systemes de production contribueront a mieux repondre aux attentes diverses des acteurs de la filiere et a garantir la durabilite de la production. EnglishPork is the first meat consumed in France and worldwide, either as fresh meat or various processed products. The wide variety of pork products exhibiting particular intrinsic characteristics together with the specific demands of the different actors of pork chains, make the notion of pork quality very complex. This includes many components whose importance depends on the chain actors and products considered: commercial value of carcasses or primary cuts, ability for processing into cooked or cured products, nutritional or sensory properties, impact or rearing conditions on quality components of products and production systems will contribute to fulfill the various demands of the chain actors and ensure the sustainability of pig production
法国猪肉是法国和世界上消费的主要肉类，有多种新鲜或加工产品。猪肉产品种类繁多，具有特定的内在特征，再加上该行业不同参与者对质量的特定期望，使得猪肉质量的概念非常复杂。不同组成部分,其重要性则包括了不同的行动者和钢材产品:尸体或切割木头本身的商业价值,具备年加工熟食或干燥、营养和感官特性影响的复合式关于动物福利的条件和环境。肉类质量预测工具的开发，以及与产品和生产系统相关的质量组件的集成方法，将有助于更好地满足行业参与者的不同期望，并确保生产的可持续性。英国猪肉是法国和全世界消费的第一种肉类，无论是新鲜肉类还是各种加工产品。猪肉产品种类繁多，具有特定的内在特性，再加上猪肉链中不同参与者的具体需求，使猪肉质量的概念非常复杂。This many components别组织的重要性取决于on the chain名演员and products好购物:value of primary cuts,黄金ability for processing into煮尸黄金固化产品、营养sensory properties,影响黄金rearing生产条件据quality components of products and systems威尔似乎并未to fulfill the不同、of the chain名演员称猪生产的可持续性》
{"title":"La viande et les produits du porc : comment satisfaire des attentes qualitatives variées ?","authors":"B. Lebret, J. Faure","doi":"10.20870/PRODUCTIONS-ANIMALES.2015.28.2.3017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20870/PRODUCTIONS-ANIMALES.2015.28.2.3017","url":null,"abstract":"francaisLe porc est la principale viande consommee en France et dans le monde, sous forme d'une multitude de produits frais ou transformes. La grande diversite des produits aux caracteristiques intrinseques particulieres, associee aux attentes qualitatives specifiques des differents acteurs de la filiere, rend tres complexe la notion de qualite de la viande porcine. Celle-ci inclut differentes composantes dont l'importance varie selon les acteurs et les produits consideres: valeur commerciale des carcasses ou des pieces de decoupe, aptitude a la transformation en produits cuits ou secs, caracteristiques nutritionnelles et sensorielles, impact des conditions d'elevage sur le bien-etre des animaux et l'environnement. Le developpement d'outils de prediction de la qualite de la viande et les demarches d'integration des composantes qualitatives relatives aux produits et aux systemes de production contribueront a mieux repondre aux attentes diverses des acteurs de la filiere et a garantir la durabilite de la production. EnglishPork is the first meat consumed in France and worldwide, either as fresh meat or various processed products. The wide variety of pork products exhibiting particular intrinsic characteristics together with the specific demands of the different actors of pork chains, make the notion of pork quality very complex. This includes many components whose importance depends on the chain actors and products considered: commercial value of carcasses or primary cuts, ability for processing into cooked or cured products, nutritional or sensory properties, impact or rearing conditions on quality components of products and production systems will contribute to fulfill the various demands of the chain actors and ensure the sustainability of pig production","PeriodicalId":49664,"journal":{"name":"Inra Productions Animales","volume":"31 1","pages":"111-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80788850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-24DOI: 10.20870/PRODUCTIONS-ANIMALES.2015.28.2.3015
S. Prache, D. Bauchart
Although its consumption has regularly declined in France since 25 years, lamb meat bears a high symbolic value, both cultural and religious. The French sector is characterized by a high diversity of production systems and breeds to which correspond different lamb rearing and fattening practices, which have important implications for the sensory and nutritional quality of the meat and the carcass. The purpose of this paper is to review the main qualities required for lamb meat and present the major research questions.
{"title":"La viande et la carcasse des agneaux : les principales qualités recherchées","authors":"S. Prache, D. Bauchart","doi":"10.20870/PRODUCTIONS-ANIMALES.2015.28.2.3015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20870/PRODUCTIONS-ANIMALES.2015.28.2.3015","url":null,"abstract":"Although its consumption has regularly declined in France since 25 years, lamb meat bears a high symbolic value, both cultural and religious. The French sector is characterized by a high diversity of production systems and breeds to which correspond different lamb rearing and fattening practices, which have important implications for the sensory and nutritional quality of the meat and the carcass. The purpose of this paper is to review the main qualities required for lamb meat and present the major research questions.","PeriodicalId":49664,"journal":{"name":"Inra Productions Animales","volume":"5 1","pages":"105-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75630240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-24DOI: 10.20870/PRODUCTIONS-ANIMALES.2015.28.2.3025
D. Andueza, Benoît-Pierre Mourot, A. Aït-Kaddour, S. Prache, J. Mourot
EnglishIn recent years, near infrared reflectance spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy have proved to be very efficient and advanced techniques for monitoring the quality attributes of agricultural products. The present review gives and overview on the state of knwoledge of the use of these technologies for the estimation of the quality of meat and meat products. Firstly, the principles of both techniques are presented, and the actual possibilities of their analytical applications for estimating the attributes of meat quality are described. Both techniques show a great potential to predict the muscle composition and meat quality. However, in spite of the great research effort performed, their application in practice is still limited. The causes of these performances are discussed. Otherwise, near infrared reflectance use for traceability is more advanced. The results seem very promising when this technique is used for detecting different meat types in the composition of meat products, for discriminating fresh from frozen-thawed meat or for the authentication of animal feeding. francaisCes dernieres annees, la spectroscopie dans le proche infrarouge et la spectroscopie de fluorescence ont fait preuve d'une efficacite remarquable pour l'obtention d'estimations rapides et precises des parametres de qualite des produits agricoles. Cette synthese fait le point de l'etat des connaissances sur l'application de ces technologies pour l'estimation de la qualite de la viande et de la viande et des produits carnes. Un bref rappel des fondements theoriques des techniques est d'abord expose. Les possibilites actuelles de leur application analytique aux differents parametres de la qualite de la viande sont ensuite decrites. Les deux techniques montrent un grand potentiel pour la prediction des composants du muscle et la determination des differents parametres de la qualite de la viande. Cependent, malgre l'important effort de recherches realise jusqu'a present sur le sujet, la plupart des resultats montrent que leur utilisation pratique reste encore limitee. Les causes de ces performances sont decrites. Les resultats de l'utilisation de la spectroscopie dans le proche infrarouge dans une optique de tracabilite sont plus prometteurs. Cette technologie peut etre utilisee pour detecter differentes types de viande entrant dans la composition des produits carnes, differencier la viande fraiche de la viande decongelee ou pour authentifier l'alimentation des animaux.
近年来，近红外反射光谱和荧光光谱技术已被证明是非常有效和先进的农产品质量属性监测技术。目前的审查给出并概述了使用这些技术来估计肉类和肉制品质量的知识状况。首先，介绍了这两种技术的原理，并描述了它们在估计肉类品质属性的分析应用中的实际可能性。这两种技术在预测肌肉成分和肉质方面都显示出很大的潜力。然而，尽管进行了大量的研究工作，它们在实践中的应用仍然有限。讨论了产生这些性能的原因。否则，近红外反射用于追溯是更先进的。当这项技术用于检测肉制品成分中的不同肉类类型，用于区分新鲜肉类和冻融肉类或用于动物喂养的认证时，结果似乎非常有希望。francesesdernieres annees, la spectroscopy dans, le proche infrarouge, la spectrospectroscopy de fluorescence ont, fafatrune effuune，卓越的功效，快速、精确地测定农产品质量参数。从综合角度看，产品质量、产品质量、产品质量、产品质量、产品质量、产品质量、产品质量、产品质量、产品质量、产品质量、产品质量、产品质量、产品质量。短绳下降的基础，理论和技术，在国外暴露。在不同的参数下，对不同的质量参数，不同的质量参数，不同的质量参数，不同的质量参数，不同的质量参数，不同的质量参数，不同的质量参数。这两种技术分别用于大电位预测、肌肉成分预测和不同参数的测定。独立的，malgre的重要努力的研究实现只是一个目前的单一主题，而不是部分结果的monmonque leur的利用实践是有限的。这引起了人们的不满和不满。结果是利用了光谱学，利用了过程光学，利用了可追踪性光学，利用了加速器。采用不同的技术检测不同类型的食品、不同成分的食品、不同种类的食品、不同种类的食品、不同种类的食品、不同种类的食品、不同种类的食品、不同种类的食品、不同种类的食品、不同种类的食品、不同种类的食品、不同种类的食品、不同种类的食品、不同种类的食品。
{"title":"Utilisation de la spectroscopie dans le proche infrarouge et de la spectroscopie de fluorescence pour estimer la la qualité et la traçabilité de la viande","authors":"D. Andueza, Benoît-Pierre Mourot, A. Aït-Kaddour, S. Prache, J. Mourot","doi":"10.20870/PRODUCTIONS-ANIMALES.2015.28.2.3025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20870/PRODUCTIONS-ANIMALES.2015.28.2.3025","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishIn recent years, near infrared reflectance spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy have proved to be very efficient and advanced techniques for monitoring the quality attributes of agricultural products. The present review gives and overview on the state of knwoledge of the use of these technologies for the estimation of the quality of meat and meat products. Firstly, the principles of both techniques are presented, and the actual possibilities of their analytical applications for estimating the attributes of meat quality are described. Both techniques show a great potential to predict the muscle composition and meat quality. However, in spite of the great research effort performed, their application in practice is still limited. The causes of these performances are discussed. Otherwise, near infrared reflectance use for traceability is more advanced. The results seem very promising when this technique is used for detecting different meat types in the composition of meat products, for discriminating fresh from frozen-thawed meat or for the authentication of animal feeding. francaisCes dernieres annees, la spectroscopie dans le proche infrarouge et la spectroscopie de fluorescence ont fait preuve d'une efficacite remarquable pour l'obtention d'estimations rapides et precises des parametres de qualite des produits agricoles. Cette synthese fait le point de l'etat des connaissances sur l'application de ces technologies pour l'estimation de la qualite de la viande et de la viande et des produits carnes. Un bref rappel des fondements theoriques des techniques est d'abord expose. Les possibilites actuelles de leur application analytique aux differents parametres de la qualite de la viande sont ensuite decrites. Les deux techniques montrent un grand potentiel pour la prediction des composants du muscle et la determination des differents parametres de la qualite de la viande. Cependent, malgre l'important effort de recherches realise jusqu'a present sur le sujet, la plupart des resultats montrent que leur utilisation pratique reste encore limitee. Les causes de ces performances sont decrites. Les resultats de l'utilisation de la spectroscopie dans le proche infrarouge dans une optique de tracabilite sont plus prometteurs. Cette technologie peut etre utilisee pour detecter differentes types de viande entrant dans la composition des produits carnes, differencier la viande fraiche de la viande decongelee ou pour authentifier l'alimentation des animaux.","PeriodicalId":49664,"journal":{"name":"Inra Productions Animales","volume":"33 1","pages":"197-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90723348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-15DOI: 10.20870/productions-animales.2015.28.1.3009
E. Dalanoue, C. Roguet
Dans un contexte de remise en cause frequente de l'elevage et de ses pratiques, une analyse des points de debat, dans differentes filieres (porcs, volailles, bovins, ovins et caprins), a ete realisee dans le cadre du GIS Elevages Demain. Une etude bibliographique a ete conduite pour comprendre les fondements des preoccupations sociales envers l'elevage et evaluer leur robustesse. En parallele, une trentaine d'entretiens a ete menee aupres de differentes parties prenantes aux debats - professionnels ds filieres, salaries d'associations, journalistes et distributeurs -afin de recenser et decrire les principaux sujets de controverses sur les elevages en France. Les positionnements et arguments de chaque partie prenante ont ete decrits afin de degager d'eventuels sujets de consensus ou de blocage entre les discours. L'analyse des argumentaires a permis de classer les differents points de debats en quatre grandes thematiques: l'environnement, le bien-etre animal, la sante humaine et l'organisation de l'elevage. Ces points de debat varient en fonction de la filiere consideree ou de l'echelle d'observation. La hierarchisation de ces remises en cause revele les enjeux principaux auxquels les differentes filieres francaises doivent faire face pour repondre aux attentes de la societe. Par exemple, les filieres de ruminants sont remises en cause pour leurs effets globaux sur l'environnement, tandis que les elevages porcins sont confrontes a des mobilisations locales contre les projets d'elevage. En outre, les travaux mettent en lumiere des preoccupations fortes et anciennes de la part de la societe a l'egard de l'elevage, qui ne peuvent se resumer a des "effets de mode".
{"title":"Acceptabilité sociale de l’élevage en France : recensement et analyse des principales controverses à partir des regards croisés de différents acteurs","authors":"E. Dalanoue, C. Roguet","doi":"10.20870/productions-animales.2015.28.1.3009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2015.28.1.3009","url":null,"abstract":"Dans un contexte de remise en cause frequente de l'elevage et de ses pratiques, une analyse des points de debat, dans differentes filieres (porcs, volailles, bovins, ovins et caprins), a ete realisee dans le cadre du GIS Elevages Demain. Une etude bibliographique a ete conduite pour comprendre les fondements des preoccupations sociales envers l'elevage et evaluer leur robustesse. En parallele, une trentaine d'entretiens a ete menee aupres de differentes parties prenantes aux debats - professionnels ds filieres, salaries d'associations, journalistes et distributeurs -afin de recenser et decrire les principaux sujets de controverses sur les elevages en France. Les positionnements et arguments de chaque partie prenante ont ete decrits afin de degager d'eventuels sujets de consensus ou de blocage entre les discours. L'analyse des argumentaires a permis de classer les differents points de debats en quatre grandes thematiques: l'environnement, le bien-etre animal, la sante humaine et l'organisation de l'elevage. Ces points de debat varient en fonction de la filiere consideree ou de l'echelle d'observation. La hierarchisation de ces remises en cause revele les enjeux principaux auxquels les differentes filieres francaises doivent faire face pour repondre aux attentes de la societe. Par exemple, les filieres de ruminants sont remises en cause pour leurs effets globaux sur l'environnement, tandis que les elevages porcins sont confrontes a des mobilisations locales contre les projets d'elevage. En outre, les travaux mettent en lumiere des preoccupations fortes et anciennes de la part de la societe a l'egard de l'elevage, qui ne peuvent se resumer a des \"effets de mode\".","PeriodicalId":49664,"journal":{"name":"Inra Productions Animales","volume":"15 1","pages":"39-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86332769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-15DOI: 10.20870/PRODUCTIONS-ANIMALES.2015.28.1.3011
J. Lucbert, A. Dockes, G. Gervreau, Y. Madeline, J. Seegers, R. Baumont, J. Peyraud
Crees pour certains depuis plus de quarante ans, les bases de donnees et les reseaux de reference en elevage sont devenus des outils indispensables au conseil et des supports precieux pour la formation et la recherche. Face aux nouveaux defis auxquels est confronte l'elevage et dans un contexte budgetaire contraint, il importe de les preserver tout en les faisant evoluer pour mieux repondre aux nouvelles attentes et pour optimiser les moyens mobilises.
{"title":"Des réseaux de référence au service de l’élevage durable de demain","authors":"J. Lucbert, A. Dockes, G. Gervreau, Y. Madeline, J. Seegers, R. Baumont, J. Peyraud","doi":"10.20870/PRODUCTIONS-ANIMALES.2015.28.1.3011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20870/PRODUCTIONS-ANIMALES.2015.28.1.3011","url":null,"abstract":"Crees pour certains depuis plus de quarante ans, les bases de donnees et les reseaux de reference en elevage sont devenus des outils indispensables au conseil et des supports precieux pour la formation et la recherche. Face aux nouveaux defis auxquels est confronte l'elevage et dans un contexte budgetaire contraint, il importe de les preserver tout en les faisant evoluer pour mieux repondre aux nouvelles attentes et pour optimiser les moyens mobilises.","PeriodicalId":49664,"journal":{"name":"Inra Productions Animales","volume":"57 1","pages":"77-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74555440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-15DOI: 10.20870/PRODUCTIONS-ANIMALES.2015.28.1.3010
Bernard Coudurier, J. Peyraud, E. Blesbois, François-Xavier Jeuland, Nicolas Urruty, C. Huyghe, H. Guyomard
Suite a un appel d’offre du Commissariat General a la Strategie et a la Prospective du gouvernement francais, l’INRA a analyse les possibilites d’evolution des pratiques et des systemes agricoles francais vers des systemes de production plus durables conciliant performances productives, economiques, environnementales et sociales. Une methodologie d’aide a la conception et a l’evaluation de systemes a ete developpee a cette occasion. Elle s’appuie sur un repertoire de plus de 200 pratiques agricoles elementaires dont l’impact a ete qualifie sur 35 indicateurs de performances, ainsi que sur une table de compatibilite entre pratiques elementaires. Deux etudes de cas fondees sur des modalites differentes d’utilisation de cette methodologie sont presentees : i) la conception pas a pas de systeme de production par incorporation progressive de pratiques elementaires a partir d’une pratique d’entree a effet majeur, pour accroitre l’autonomie alimentaire en production bovine laitiere en valorisant la prairie ; ii) l’evaluation a posteriori des performances de systemes en transcrivant sous forme de pratiques elementaires des leviers d’action et marges de progres identifies a dire d’expert pour ameliorer la competitivite de la filiere poulet de chair par la mise en place de deux systemes de production tres contrastes mais complementaires. Les tendances d’evolution des performances des systemes de production ainsi simules ou reconstitues sont discutees. Dans les situations d’impact ambivalent d’une pratique sur une performance, le recours au descriptif detaille des pratiques permet le plus souvent de reduire l’incertitude en prenant en compte les situations associees a chaque type d’impact.
{"title":"Méthodologie d’aide à la conception et à l’évaluation de systèmes de production multiperformants : application à l’élevage de bovins laitiers et à la production de poulets de chair","authors":"Bernard Coudurier, J. Peyraud, E. Blesbois, François-Xavier Jeuland, Nicolas Urruty, C. Huyghe, H. Guyomard","doi":"10.20870/PRODUCTIONS-ANIMALES.2015.28.1.3010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20870/PRODUCTIONS-ANIMALES.2015.28.1.3010","url":null,"abstract":"Suite a un appel d’offre du Commissariat General a la Strategie et a la Prospective du gouvernement francais, l’INRA a analyse les possibilites d’evolution des pratiques et des systemes agricoles francais vers des systemes de production plus durables conciliant performances productives, economiques, environnementales et sociales. Une methodologie d’aide a la conception et a l’evaluation de systemes a ete developpee a cette occasion. Elle s’appuie sur un repertoire de plus de 200 pratiques agricoles elementaires dont l’impact a ete qualifie sur 35 indicateurs de performances, ainsi que sur une table de compatibilite entre pratiques elementaires. Deux etudes de cas fondees sur des modalites differentes d’utilisation de cette methodologie sont presentees : i) la conception pas a pas de systeme de production par incorporation progressive de pratiques elementaires a partir d’une pratique d’entree a effet majeur, pour accroitre l’autonomie alimentaire en production bovine laitiere en valorisant la prairie ; ii) l’evaluation a posteriori des performances de systemes en transcrivant sous forme de pratiques elementaires des leviers d’action et marges de progres identifies a dire d’expert pour ameliorer la competitivite de la filiere poulet de chair par la mise en place de deux systemes de production tres contrastes mais complementaires. Les tendances d’evolution des performances des systemes de production ainsi simules ou reconstitues sont discutees. Dans les situations d’impact ambivalent d’une pratique sur une performance, le recours au descriptif detaille des pratiques\u0000permet le plus souvent de reduire l’incertitude en prenant en compte les situations associees a chaque type d’impact.","PeriodicalId":49664,"journal":{"name":"Inra Productions Animales","volume":"13 1","pages":"51-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89521139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-10DOI: 10.20870/PRODUCTIONS-ANIMALES.2015.28.1.3007
C. Roguet, Carl Gaigné, V. Chatellier, S. Cariou, M. Carlier, R. Chenut, K. Daniel, C. Perrot
This article aims at analyzing the recent location patterns (since 2000) of animal productions (milk, beef, pork, poultry and eggs) in the Member States of the European Union. The geographical concentration process and the productive specialization of territories are studied from the latest available statistical data at a fine geographical level. The drivers of this process are not new and have already been mentioned in many economists’ publications. They are related to comparative advantages, scale economies and agglomeration economies as well as to the industrial organization of the supply chain. Although the environmental standards (Nitrates Directive, Natura 2000…) and the rural development measures (specific support to farmers in less-favored farming areas) are viewed as a tool to limit or reduce animal concentration, their influence is often weak and not sufficiently strong to counterbalance the above-mentioned agglomeration forces. In addition, we compared the pattern of co-location of different animal production within EU countries and the specialization structure of European regions among countries. For example, the production of granivores (pigs and poultry) tends to be located in the same geographical areas. However, association of dairy cows and pigs is the most common in the most densely populated areas. Beef cattle tend to be located in low animal density areas where other livestock have difficulty eingestablished or maintained.
{"title":"Spécialisation territoriale et concentration des productions animales européennes : état des lieux et facteurs explicatifs","authors":"C. Roguet, Carl Gaigné, V. Chatellier, S. Cariou, M. Carlier, R. Chenut, K. Daniel, C. Perrot","doi":"10.20870/PRODUCTIONS-ANIMALES.2015.28.1.3007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20870/PRODUCTIONS-ANIMALES.2015.28.1.3007","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims at analyzing the recent location patterns (since 2000) of animal productions (milk, beef, pork, poultry and eggs) in the Member States of the European Union. The geographical concentration process and the productive specialization of territories are studied from the latest available statistical data at a fine geographical level. The drivers of this process are not new and have already been mentioned in many economists’ publications. They are related to comparative advantages, scale economies and agglomeration economies as well as to the industrial organization of the supply chain. Although the environmental standards (Nitrates Directive, Natura 2000…) and the rural development measures (specific support to farmers in less-favored farming areas) are viewed as a tool to limit or reduce animal concentration, their influence is often weak and not sufficiently strong to counterbalance the above-mentioned agglomeration forces. In addition, we compared the pattern of co-location of different animal production within EU countries and the specialization structure of European regions among countries. For example, the production of granivores (pigs and poultry) tends to be located in the same geographical areas. However, association of dairy cows and pigs is the most common in the most densely populated areas. Beef cattle tend to be located in low animal density areas where other livestock have difficulty eingestablished or maintained.","PeriodicalId":49664,"journal":{"name":"Inra Productions Animales","volume":"47 1","pages":"5-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89762697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.20870/productions-animales.2015.28.4.3033
Élodie Merlot, H. Quesnel, A. Prunier
EnglishThe rate of mortality before weaning is high in farm mammals. In France, it varies between 11 and 14% depending on the species (foals, kids, labs, piglets, calves), but it can be lower than 5% or exceed 20% in some farms. Approximately half of the mortality occurs during the 48 first hours after birth. Gestating females have to face numerous environmental stressors, including inappropriate housing conditions, which also question industrial farming acceptability. The present review synthesizes data from the scientific literature aiming at determining if stress in gestating females can impair health and survival of their offspring. It mainly focuses on pigs and ruminants and shows that prenatal stress might act through mechanisms related to alterations in maternal behaviour, foetal development and acquisition of the neonate passive and active immunity. francaisLa mortalite des jeunes avant le sevrage est elevee chez les mammiferes de rente. En France, elle varie de 11 a 14% en moyenne selon les especes (poulains, chevreaux, agneux, procelets, veaux), mais peut etre inferieurs a 5% ou superieure a 20% dans certains elevages. Environ la moitie de cette mortalite survient pendant les 48 premieres heures suivant la naissance. Les femelles gestantes sont exposees a de nombreux facteurs de stress, dont des conditions de logement inadaptees, qui remettent egalement en question l'acceptabilite de l'elevage industriel. Cette synthese presente les resultats de la litterature scientifique visant a determiner si le stress des femelles gestantes peut affecter ulterieurement la sante et la survie de leur progeniture. Elle porte essentiellement sur les porcs et les ruminants et montre que l'impact du stress prenatal pourrait passer a la fois par des mecanismes lies a une alteration du comportement maternel, du developpment foetal et de l'acquisition par le nouveau-ne de l'immunite passive puis de son immunite propre.
英语农场哺乳动物断奶前的死亡率很高。在法国，根据不同的品种(马驹、幼畜、实验室、仔猪、小牛)，这一比例在11%到14%之间，但在一些农场，这一比例可能低于5%或超过20%。大约一半的死亡发生在出生后的48小时内。怀孕的雌性必须面对许多环境压力，包括不适当的住房条件，这也质疑工业化农业的可接受性。本综述综合了来自科学文献的数据，旨在确定怀孕女性的压力是否会损害其后代的健康和生存。该研究主要集中在猪和反刍动物身上，并表明产前应激可能通过与母亲行为改变、胎儿发育和新生儿被动和主动免疫获得相关的机制起作用。法语:法语:法语:法语:法语:法语:法语:法语:法语:法语:法语:法语:法语:法语:法语:法语:法语:法语:法语:法语。在法国，“elle varie de 11”的含酒量为14%，“le moyenne”的含酒量为14%，“le moyenne”的含酒量为14%，“le le varie”的含酒量为5%，“le le varie”的含酒量为20%。《环境与死亡的动力》(Environ la momotie de cette morite survivor pendant)在《新生》中首映。女性孕产暴露于非典型的压力因素，不适应的条件，不适应的条件，甚至不平等的问题，都是不可接受的。目前的研究结果表明，雌性胚胎的单侧应激对生殖后代的存活有一定的影响，而雌性胚胎的单侧应激对后代的存活有一定的影响。动物免疫系统的基本要素、反刍动物免疫系统的基本要素、应激的影响、产前遗传的传递、动物免疫系统的基本机制、发育的基本机制、发育的基本机制、获得的基本机制、新生的基本机制、免疫被动的基本机制、免疫固有的基本机制。
{"title":"Conséquences du stress maternel pendant la gestation sur l'immunité et la santé des nouveau-nés en élevage","authors":"Élodie Merlot, H. Quesnel, A. Prunier","doi":"10.20870/productions-animales.2015.28.4.3033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2015.28.4.3033","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishThe rate of mortality before weaning is high in farm mammals. In France, it varies between 11 and 14% depending on the species (foals, kids, labs, piglets, calves), but it can be lower than 5% or exceed 20% in some farms. Approximately half of the mortality occurs during the 48 first hours after birth. Gestating females have to face numerous environmental stressors, including inappropriate housing conditions, which also question industrial farming acceptability. The present review synthesizes data from the scientific literature aiming at determining if stress in gestating females can impair health and survival of their offspring. It mainly focuses on pigs and ruminants and shows that prenatal stress might act through mechanisms related to alterations in maternal behaviour, foetal development and acquisition of the neonate passive and active immunity. francaisLa mortalite des jeunes avant le sevrage est elevee chez les mammiferes de rente. En France, elle varie de 11 a 14% en moyenne selon les especes (poulains, chevreaux, agneux, procelets, veaux), mais peut etre inferieurs a 5% ou superieure a 20% dans certains elevages. Environ la moitie de cette mortalite survient pendant les 48 premieres heures suivant la naissance. Les femelles gestantes sont exposees a de nombreux facteurs de stress, dont des conditions de logement inadaptees, qui remettent egalement en question l'acceptabilite de l'elevage industriel. Cette synthese presente les resultats de la litterature scientifique visant a determiner si le stress des femelles gestantes peut affecter ulterieurement la sante et la survie de leur progeniture. Elle porte essentiellement sur les porcs et les ruminants et montre que l'impact du stress prenatal pourrait passer a la fois par des mecanismes lies a une alteration du comportement maternel, du developpment foetal et de l'acquisition par le nouveau-ne de l'immunite passive puis de son immunite propre.","PeriodicalId":49664,"journal":{"name":"Inra Productions Animales","volume":"7 1","pages":"283-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89767477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-12DOI: 10.20870/PRODUCTIONS-ANIMALES.2014.27.5.3083
P. Cazin, B. Nicks, I. Dufrasne
Cubicle housing offers a good compromise between the needs of the animals and those of the breeders; it is one of the main housing systems for dairy cows. The recommendations relative to the design and management of cubicle housing are, however, always subject to revision. Special attention is now being given to the improvement of animal comfort, particularly with regards to the lying cow. In this context, the level of comfort is estimated by the duration of the lying time, the frequency of the lying bouts and the ease with which cows are able to get up and lie down. The level of cow comfort is in direct relation to the softness of the floor, to the cubicle dimensions, and to the design of the lateral and frontal partitions. A soft floor can be assured through the use of either multilayer mattresses or a thick litter. Mattresses must be covered with a litter material that absorbs surface moisture and helps to ensure the cleanliness of the stall and udder. To achieve these objectives, the nature of the litter material (straw, sawdust, sand, lime, etc.) appears to be less important than the frequency of renewal. Cubicle floors covered with a thick layer (± 20 cm) of litter seem generally better appreciated by the cows than those equipped with mattresses, and their use is associated with a lower frequency of leg injuries as well as lameness. Sand appears to be a top-grade material for ensuring animal comfort. Nevertheless, the maintenance of a thick layer of litter demands an extra daily labor requirement and the handling of sand as a litter material requires specific equipment. There is a wide range of recommendations on cubicle dimensions due to differences in cow size and the need to take into account the cleanliness of the floor. Lateral partitions must be evaluated for their effectiveness in constraining the animal from spilling out into the neighboring cubicles while at the same time avoiding both injury and difficulties experienced by the cow in getting up and lying down.Finally, frontal partitions must be evaluated regarding their effectiveness in providing sufficient space to allow the cow to thrust its head forward as it stands up.
{"title":"Aménagement des logettes et confort des vaches laitières","authors":"P. Cazin, B. Nicks, I. Dufrasne","doi":"10.20870/PRODUCTIONS-ANIMALES.2014.27.5.3083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20870/PRODUCTIONS-ANIMALES.2014.27.5.3083","url":null,"abstract":"Cubicle housing offers a good compromise between the needs of the animals and those of the breeders; it is one of the main housing systems for dairy cows. The recommendations relative to the design and management of cubicle housing are, however, always subject to revision. Special attention is now being given to the improvement of animal comfort, particularly with regards to the lying cow. In this context, the level of comfort is estimated by the duration of the lying time, the frequency of the lying bouts and the ease with which cows are able to get up and lie down. The level of cow comfort is in direct relation to the softness of the floor, to the cubicle dimensions, and to the design of the lateral and frontal partitions. A soft floor can be assured through the use of either multilayer mattresses or a thick litter. Mattresses must be covered with a litter material that absorbs surface moisture and helps to ensure the cleanliness of the stall and udder. To achieve these objectives, the nature of the litter material (straw, sawdust, sand, lime, etc.) appears to be less important than the frequency of renewal. Cubicle floors covered with a thick layer (± 20 cm) of litter seem generally better appreciated by the cows than those equipped with mattresses, and their use is associated with a lower frequency of leg injuries as well as lameness. Sand appears to be a top-grade material for ensuring animal comfort. Nevertheless, the maintenance of a thick layer of litter demands an extra daily labor requirement and the handling of sand as a litter material requires specific equipment. There is a wide range of recommendations on cubicle dimensions due to differences in cow size and the need to take into account the cleanliness of the floor. Lateral partitions must be evaluated for their effectiveness in constraining the animal from spilling out into the neighboring cubicles while at the same time avoiding both injury and difficulties experienced by the cow in getting up and lying down.Finally, frontal partitions must be evaluated regarding their effectiveness in providing sufficient space to allow the cow to thrust its head forward as it stands up.","PeriodicalId":49664,"journal":{"name":"Inra Productions Animales","volume":"6 1","pages":"359-368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90867392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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