Pedosphere最新文献

{"title":"Impacts of industrial contamination on rice cultivation: A review","authors":"Ayan SAHA ,&nbsp;Kushal ROY ,&nbsp;Md NAZIR ,&nbsp;Dibyendu SAHA","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice cultivation, vital to global food security and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), faces increasing threats from industrial pollution, which contaminates soil and water, endangers human health, and weakens agricultural resilience. Studies indicate that contaminants such as persistent organic pollutants, radioactive elements, dyes, and potentially toxic elements, particularly from mining and industrial activities, significantly degrade soil fertility, impair plant health, and introduce harmful residues into the food chain. This contamination compromises food safety and diminishes agricultural productivity, posing a serious challenge to sustainability. Addressing these impacts requires sustainable industrial practices, advanced technologies, and eco-friendly remediation techniques. Solutions like biochar applications, precision farming, and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven pollution detection provide effective measures for restoring soil health, protecting crop integrity, and ensuring the resilience of rice farming. These approaches align rice cultivation with global sustainability goals by integrating sustainable soil and water management, adaptive crop selection, and AI innovations. Protecting rice cultivation upholds farmer livelihoods and strengthens global commitments to SDGs Zero Hunger and a resilient, safe food supply, underscoring the essential balance between industrial progress and sustainable rice cultivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"36 1","pages":"Pages 229-239"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146193230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil organic matter revisited: Why humic substances still matter?","authors":"Sen DOU ,&nbsp;Yifeng ZHANG ,&nbsp;Jun SHAN ,&nbsp;Meng WU ,&nbsp;Rui MA ,&nbsp;Song GUAN ,&nbsp;Zhongjun JIA","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2025.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2025.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil organic matter (SOM) is crucial for ecosystem carbon cycling, soil fertility, and environmental quality. As the main component of SOM, humic substances (HS) are considered a unique category of nonuniformly assembled substances. It is widely accepted that HS are originated from small molecules produced during the decomposition of plant and animal residues or from residual macromolecules. These molecules can be recombined or condensed <em>via</em> enzymatic and mineral catalysis into quasi-macromolecular compounds or compound groups with high condensation (elevated C/H molar ratio) and relatively large molecular weight and are further stabilized by mineral association. Although HS can be regarded as an extension or a narrow definition of SOM, their properties are inherently more complex, and their chemical composition, structure, and formation processes remain controversial. Here, we examine the formation theories, compositional structure, stabilization mechanisms, and functional roles of SOM and HS. We propose that HS indeed differ from non-HS, with HS consisting of both residual and synthetic quasi-macromolecular substance components, which collectively form unique compounds or compound groups with independent characteristics. Consequently, HS remain fundamental to soil science and continue to be widely utilized through various HS-based technologies and products in agriculture and environmental fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"36 1","pages":"Pages 6-11"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146193045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of microplastics in terrestrial habitats: Hazards and pollution abatement","authors":"Babalola Aisosa ONI ,&nbsp;Kingsley Chukwunonso AGU ,&nbsp;Samuel Eshorame SANNI","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2025.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2025.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous and pose an environmental risk. This review examined MP pollution in terrestrial ecosystems from a myriad of poorly understood sources. Knowledge regarding the occurrence sources, migration behaviors, ecotoxicology, absorption mechanisms, and effects of MPs has also been fully summarized. Microplastics interact with contaminants, such as antibiotics, pesticides, heavy metals, <em>etc</em>., and may act as vectors for contaminant transfer in terrestrial ecosystems. The transportation and retention of MPs in soil are governed by interactions among their inherent properties, such as size, shape, surface charge, and density. Interestingly, MP migration into soil is lacking research. The MPs and nanoplastics were also found in edible fruits and vegetables. The MP contamination in soil affects ecosystems, causing soil structure changes, fertility reduction, and pollutant leaching into groundwater. The MP concentration lies in the range of 43–2 443 and 40–43 000 items kg^-1 in agricultural and urban soils, respectively. This review provides a comprehensive roadmap for future research and a framework for soil MP risk assessment. Future studies on the uptake, accumulation, and translocation of MPs and their associated toxins by plants are essential for evaluating their risks to food security and human health. Research on MPs in terrestrial habitats lacks comprehensive data on their long-term persistence, degradation pathways, and interactions with soil components under varying environmental conditions. Additionally, limited understanding exists regarding MP impacts on soil biodiversity, pollutant mobility, and plant uptake, highlighting the need for innovative detection methods and effective pollution abatement strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"36 1","pages":"Pages 317-341"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146193232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the potential of soil microorganisms for nutrient solubilization and simultaneous pesticide degradation toward sustainable agriculture","authors":"Shalni SATYA,&nbsp;Milap DASHORA,&nbsp;Preksha PALSANIA,&nbsp;Mohd Ashraf DAR,&nbsp;Garima KAUSHIK","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the changing climate and escalating population, there will be extreme pressure on agricultural food production to ensure global food security. Traditional agricultural practices have relied heavily on hazardous pesticides and chemical fertilizers to boost crop yields. However, their continuous and excessive use has caused significant harm to non-target organisms, including humans, while also leading to a severe decline in soil health due to their indiscriminate and unbalanced application. Hence, serious efforts are needed to control this mounting problem of soil and environmental pollution. One effective strategy involves using microorganisms capable of solubilizing nutrients and breaking down pesticides. These microorganisms improve crop nutrient absorption by solubilizing essential nutrients and simultaneously degrade pesticide residues in soil. Utilizing this ability of microorganisms to degrade agrochemicals, microbial remediation offers a dependable and economical method for reducing the effects of such unwarranted contaminants. This review presents an extensive overview of pesticide use as well as microorganisms in soil as pesticide degraders, nutrient mobilizers (phosphate (PO₄^3--P), potassium (K), and zinc (Zn)), and plant growth promoters for preventing the unsustainable exploitation of natural reserves. This review aims to highlight the diverse benefits these microorganisms offer across various domains while presenting an exciting opportunity to advance sustainable agriculture and firstly establishes a connection between nutrient solubilization and pesticide degradation mediated by microorganisms. It also offers a comprehensive bibliographic review of the application of plant growth-promoting microorganisms for solubilizing nutrients, such as P, K, and Zn, and degrading pesticides as well.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"36 1","pages":"Pages 96-115"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146193040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An index for characterizing bioavailability and risk of metals in soil-vegetable systems","authors":"Lanqin YANG ,&nbsp;Yuechen YU ,&nbsp;Yuanming WANG ,&nbsp;Biao HUANG ,&nbsp;Wenyou HU","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2025.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2025.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"36 1","pages":"Pages 358-362"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of microplastics, fluoride and mancozeb on tomato plant growth and rhizosphere microbial dynamics: A metagenomic analysis","authors":"Ajay KUMAR ,&nbsp;Rajni SHARMA ,&nbsp;Muskan BOKOLIA ,&nbsp;Riyapi DAS ,&nbsp;Sanjiv KUMAR ,&nbsp;Ravindresh CHABBRA ,&nbsp;Baljinder SINGH","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs), fluoride (FR), and fungicide mancozeb (MZ) are common contaminants in soil. However, there is no information about the combined impacts of MPs, FR, and MZ on tomato plant growth features in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined application of MPs, FR, and MZ (both analytical grade and commercial) on the growth and development of tomato plants and metagenomics of rhizosphere soil. A pot experiment was set up in an artificial greenhouse with two sets of treatments. One set was the combined application of MPs, FR, and analytical grade MZ (B2) and a control without the application of MPs, FR, and MZ (W2), and the other set was the combined application of MPs, FR, and commercial MZ (B3) and a control without the application of MPs, FR, and MZ (W3). No detrimental effects of MPs, FR, and MZ were detected on the growth parameters of tomato plants, including the number of leaves and chlorophyll concentration. However, tomato roots showed knot and nodulation-type structures, and metabolomic profiling revealed that combined exposure to MPs, FR, and MZ profoundly reprogrammed the primary metabolism in tomato roots, with marked alterations in carbohydrate and amino acid pathways. Metagenome whole genome sequencing showed that the B2 and B3 treatments profoundly affected soil microbial community composition, diversity, gene abundances, and functional gene variations compared to W2 and W3. Proteobacteria became the dominating phylum in B2 and B3, causing a significant shift in the microbiome. Its abundance soared to 66.7% in B2 and 75.4% in B3, compared to only 35.9% in W2 and 28.9% in W3. On the other hand, Actinobacteria decreased significantly from 55.6% in W2 and 63.8% in W3 to 18.1% in B2 and 9.6% in B3. This study highlights the microbial shifts due to combined application of MPs, FR, and MZ, providing evidence for understanding their environmental risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"35 6","pages":"Pages 1078-1088"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-sized humic acid improves phosphate fertiliser efficiency in chilli pepper","authors":"Qizhong XIONG ,&nbsp;Shaojie WANG ,&nbsp;Xuxiang CHEN ,&nbsp;Jianyuan JING ,&nbsp;Yonglin JIN ,&nbsp;Hongying LI ,&nbsp;Chaochun ZHANG ,&nbsp;Yuji JIANG ,&nbsp;Xinxin YE","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Humic acid (HA) prevents phosphorus (P) fixation and promotes P absorption by plants, thereby effectively increasing the efficiency of phosphate fertiliser utilisation. Although nano-sized HA (NHA) might exhibit superior effects compared to conventional-sized HA (CHA), evidence is limited. Therefore, we investigated the effects of CHA and NHA applied with conventional phosphate fertiliser (CHA+CP and NHA+CP, respectively) on chilli pepper biomass, P uptake, and root morphology, as well as soil available P content, and evaluated CHA, NHA, and their residues in the soil for differences in specific surface area, functional groups, molecular weight distribution, and surface elemental compositions in a 40-d pot cultivation experiment. Results showed that the CHA+CP and NHA+CP treatments significantly increased pepper biomass and P uptake by 15.2%–24.7% and 37.9%–49.0%, respectively, compared to the conventional phosphate fertiliser applied alone (CP) treatment (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), with NHA exhibiting a greater effect than CHA. This was primarily related to NHA's stronger ability to reduce P fixation than that of CHA. Soil available P content significantly increased by 5.8% and 3.8% in the NHA+CP treatment compared with CHA+CP on days 22 and 40 of cultivation, respectively (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Nano-sized HA contained more small-molecule components and carboxyl groups than CHA, which can more stimulate root elongation and thus promote root P uptake. Furthermore, fertiliser-derived P gradually entered the structure of CHA or NHA during cultivation. The presence of more plant-available forms (<em>e.g</em>., H₂\u0000\t\t\t\t<span><math><mtext>P</mtext><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup></math></span> and HPO₄^2-) in NHA compared to CHA also contributed to better regulation of phosphate fertiliser efficacy. In conclusion, NHA is superior to CHA in improving phosphate fertiliser efficiency, making it a potential alternative material for the development of high-efficiency phosphate fertilisers. This presents an excellent opportunity to minimise P resource waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"35 6","pages":"Pages 1065-1077"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency-enhancing methods for predicting nitrogen mineralization characteristics in paddy soils using soil properties and rapid soil extractions","authors":"Yujuan LIU ,&nbsp;Yuqi CHEN ,&nbsp;Xiuyun LIU ,&nbsp;Siyuan CAI ,&nbsp;Jiahui YUAN ,&nbsp;Lingying XU ,&nbsp;Yu WANG ,&nbsp;Xu ZHAO ,&nbsp;Xiaoyuan YAN","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil mineralized nitrogen (N) is a vital component of soil N supply capacity and an important N source for rice growth. Unveiling N mineralization (Nm) process characteristics and developing a simple and effective approach to evaluate soil Nm are imperative to guide N fertilizer application and enhance its efficiency in various paddy soils with different physicochemical properties. Soil properties are important driving factors contributing to soil Nm differences and must be considered to achieve effective N management. Nevertheless, discrepancies in Nm capacity and other key influencing factors remain uncertain. To address this knowledge gap, this study collected 52 paddy soil samples from Taihu Lake Basin, China, which possess vastly different physicochemical properties. The samples were subjected to a 112-d submerged anaerobic incubation experiment at a constant temperature to obtain the soil Nm characteristics. Reaction kinetics models, including one-pool exponential model, two-pool exponential model, and effective cumulative temperature model, were employed to compare characteristic differences between Nm potential (Nmp) and short-term accumulated mineralized N (Amn) processes in relation to soil physicochemical properties. Based on these relationships, simplified Nmp prediction methods for paddy soils were established. The results revealed that the Nmp values were 145.18, 88.64, and 21.03 mg kg^-1 in paddy soils with pH &lt; 6.50, 6.50 ≤ pH ≤ 7.50, and pH &gt; 7.50, respectively. Significantly, short-term Amn at day 14 showed a good correlation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) with Nmp (<em>R</em>² = 0.94), indicating that the prevailing short-term incubation experiment is an acceptable marker for Nmp. Moreover, Nmp correlated well with the ultraviolet absorbance value at 260 nm based on NaHCO₃ extraction (Na260), further streamlining the Nmp estimation method. The incorporation of easily obtainable soil properties, including pH, total N (TN), and the ratio of total organic carbon to TN (C/N), alongside Na260 for Nmp evaluation allowed the multiple regression model, Nmp = 58.62 × TN - 23.18 × pH + 13.08 × C/N + 86.96 × Na260, to achieve a high prediction accuracy (<em>R</em>² = 0.95). The reliability of this prediction was further validated with published data of paddy soils in the same region and other rice regions, demonstrating the regional applicability and prospects of this model. This study underscored the roles of soil properties in Nm characteristics and mechanisms and established a site-specific prediction model based on rapid extractions and edaphic properties of paddy soils, paving the way for developing rapid and precise Nm prediction models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"35 6","pages":"Pages 1054-1064"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of rice cropping method and growth stage on rhizosphere bacterial diversity and soil biological attributes","authors":"Surathi ADITHYA,&nbsp;Sai Aparna Devi NUNNA,&nbsp;Chinnappan CHINNADURAI,&nbsp;Dananjeyan BALACHANDAR","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.08.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice cropping method is primarily decided by soil moisture regime. System of rice intensification (SRI) and direct-seeded aerobic rice are two primary modifications of traditional wetland rice. Understanding rice rhizosphere microbiome and functioning as influenced by these cropping methods is essential for sustaining rice productivity. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of three different rice cropping methods (wetland rice, SRI, and aerobic rice) on the biochemical properties and bacterial communities within the rice rhizosphere across three key rice growth stages: tillering, flowering, and maturity. Soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dehydrogenase activity, substrate-induced respiration (SIR), and metabolic quotient (MQ) were assessed along with high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing of rice rhizosphere soils. The rice rhizosphere soil registered the highest SOC, MBC, and dehydrogenase activity in SRI followed by wetland rice and then aerobic rice. Cropping method had a minimal impact on SIR and MQ. Along with cropping method, growth stage also significantly altered these biological attributes of rice rhizosphere. The trends of the highest SOC content and dehydrogenase activity at the flowering stage and the highest MBC content and SIR at the tillering stage of rice were observed in all three rice cropping methods. The analysis of bacterial communities, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, revealed that both cropping method and growth stage significantly impacted the composition of rhizosphere microbiomes. However, the influence of cropping method was less pronounced compared to growth stage. Cropping method caused notable shifts in the abundances of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi, while growth stage affected the abundances of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes. Based on these results, the SRI method led to higher diversification to the rhizosphere bacteriobiota, as well as greater incorporation of carbon into the soil and increased dehydrogenase activity compared to wetland rice and aerobic rice. This study deepens our understanding of how different cropping methods influence plant-microbe interaction and the implications for overall rice productivity and soil health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"35 6","pages":"Pages 983-994"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information for contributors to PEDOSPHERE","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1002-0160(25)00135-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1002-0160(25)00135-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"35 6","pages":"Pages x-xiii"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}