Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-03-24DOI: 10.1016/j.pedsph.2025.03.008
Di TONG , Caixian TANG , Jianming XU
Soil viruses can greatly influence both microbial catabolism and anabolism. Understanding such influences is crucial for unraveling the fate of soil organic carbon (C). However, previous studies on soil viruses have primarily focused on their role in soil C loss, overlooking their role in C sequestration. In this study, soil viruses and microbes were introduced into sterilized samples of crop and forest soils from typical red and brown soil regions of China to examine the effects of soil viruses on C dynamics, from the perspective of C release and retention. The results showed that the viral effects on soil C emissions varied between soil types. However, they significantly enhanced the accumulation of recalcitrant dissolved and metal-bound organic C, which in turn reinforced the viral effects on C emissions. Furthermore, the accumulation of dissolved and metal-bound organic C was always associated with the microbial utilization of dissolved organic nitrogen (N), highlighting the coupled C and N cycling during the viral shuttle process. Our research demonstrates for the first time the virus-mediated coupling of C and N cycling in soils and the dual role of viruses in soil C release and stabilization, providing a new understanding of virus-driven soil C cycling.
{"title":"Impact of soil viruses on C emissions can be enhanced by viral shuttle processes in soil","authors":"Di TONG , Caixian TANG , Jianming XU","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil viruses can greatly influence both microbial catabolism and anabolism. Understanding such influences is crucial for unraveling the fate of soil organic carbon (C). However, previous studies on soil viruses have primarily focused on their role in soil C loss, overlooking their role in C sequestration. In this study, soil viruses and microbes were introduced into sterilized samples of crop and forest soils from typical red and brown soil regions of China to examine the effects of soil viruses on C dynamics, from the perspective of C release and retention. The results showed that the viral effects on soil C emissions varied between soil types. However, they significantly enhanced the accumulation of recalcitrant dissolved and metal-bound organic C, which in turn reinforced the viral effects on C emissions. Furthermore, the accumulation of dissolved and metal-bound organic C was always associated with the microbial utilization of dissolved organic nitrogen (N), highlighting the coupled C and N cycling during the viral shuttle process. Our research demonstrates for the first time the virus-mediated coupling of C and N cycling in soils and the dual role of viruses in soil C release and stabilization, providing a new understanding of virus-driven soil C cycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 617-626"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-19DOI: 10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.06.010
Jingyi HU , Ronghao TAO , Xinyun XIE , Hongjuan LU , Xiaojun SHI , Wenling YE
Soil and foliar applications of silicon (Si) and selenium (Se) fertilizers can inhibit the transfer of heavy metals from the soil to crops. However, it remains unclear how Si and Se affect the bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in soil and thereby their transfer to rice in Cd and Pb-polluted fields. In this study, seven treatments were set up in a field experiment conducted in a nonferrous metal mining area in Tongling City, Anhui Province, China: no Si/Se fertilization control (CK), basal Si/Se fertilization (Si-1/Se-1), basal and topdressing Si/Se fertilization (Si-2/Se-2), and basal, topdressing, and foliar Si/Se fertilization (Si-3/Se-3). The results indicated that compared to CK, rice yield increased by 3.94%–14.56% in the other treatments, with the most significant increase observed in Si-3 and Se-3. Additionally, the Cd content in brown rice decreased by 15.42%–51.55%, while Pb content decreased by 16.49%–47.18%. In all treatments except Si-1, both metal contents decreased to below the limits specified in China's food safety standard (GB 2762–2022). Furthermore, they impeded the translocation of these metals to the brown rice, thereby effectively diminishing metal accumulation in rice grain. The effect of Se fertilizer was better than Si fertilizer in decreasing the bioconcentration factors of Cd and Pb and inhibiting their translocation to brown rice. At the same time, the applications of Si and Se increased the Si and Se contents of rice aboveground parts, respectively, and the Se content of brown rice in Se-3 increased by 77.56%, meeting the Se enrichment standard (GB/T 22499–2008). The contents of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-extractable Cd and Pb in soil decreased in all Si/Se treatments by 25.53% and 22.37% in Se-3, respectively. All Si/Se treatments reduced the acid-exchangeable and reducible Cd and Pb in soil and transformed them into the more stable oxidizable and residual fractions. This study revealed that the bioavailability of Cd and Pb in soil and their translocation to brown rice were significantly reduced by the basal application combined with topdressing and foliar application of Si and Se fertilizers.
{"title":"Basal application combined with topdressing and foliar application of silicon and selenium fertilizers reduces soil cadmium and lead bioavailability and their translocation to brown rice","authors":"Jingyi HU , Ronghao TAO , Xinyun XIE , Hongjuan LU , Xiaojun SHI , Wenling YE","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.06.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil and foliar applications of silicon (Si) and selenium (Se) fertilizers can inhibit the transfer of heavy metals from the soil to crops. However, it remains unclear how Si and Se affect the bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in soil and thereby their transfer to rice in Cd and Pb-polluted fields. In this study, seven treatments were set up in a field experiment conducted in a nonferrous metal mining area in Tongling City, Anhui Province, China: no Si/Se fertilization control (CK), basal Si/Se fertilization (Si-1/Se-1), basal and topdressing Si/Se fertilization (Si-2/Se-2), and basal, topdressing, and foliar Si/Se fertilization (Si-3/Se-3). The results indicated that compared to CK, rice yield increased by 3.94%–14.56% in the other treatments, with the most significant increase observed in Si-3 and Se-3. Additionally, the Cd content in brown rice decreased by 15.42%–51.55%, while Pb content decreased by 16.49%–47.18%. In all treatments except Si-1, both metal contents decreased to below the limits specified in China's food safety standard (GB 2762–2022). Furthermore, they impeded the translocation of these metals to the brown rice, thereby effectively diminishing metal accumulation in rice grain. The effect of Se fertilizer was better than Si fertilizer in decreasing the bioconcentration factors of Cd and Pb and inhibiting their translocation to brown rice. At the same time, the applications of Si and Se increased the Si and Se contents of rice aboveground parts, respectively, and the Se content of brown rice in Se-3 increased by 77.56%, meeting the Se enrichment standard (GB/T 22499–2008). The contents of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-extractable Cd and Pb in soil decreased in all Si/Se treatments by 25.53% and 22.37% in Se-3, respectively. All Si/Se treatments reduced the acid-exchangeable and reducible Cd and Pb in soil and transformed them into the more stable oxidizable and residual fractions. This study revealed that the bioavailability of Cd and Pb in soil and their translocation to brown rice were significantly reduced by the basal application combined with topdressing and foliar application of Si and Se fertilizers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 667-677"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2024-05-21DOI: 10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.05.007
Yuqian LI , Junwei MA , Yijia LI , Xinyi SHEN , Xinghui XIA
Soil microbial communities and grassland ecosystem processes are increasingly confronted with multiple global change factors (GCFs). There is still a lack of research on how these multiple GCFs interact and impact soil microbial communities and their functions. To address this gap, we conducted a simulation experiment to examine the individual and interactive effects of the four most critical and prevalent GCFs, elevated carbon dioxide concentration (eCO2), elevated temperature (eT), decreased precipitation (dP), and elevated nitrogen (N) deposition (eN). This study focused on their effects on soil physicochemical properties, bacterial and fungal communities, and extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs) related to carbon (C), N, and phosphorus (P) cycles in a temperate grassland. Results showed that eCO2, eN, and dP tended to increase EEAs, while having neutral effects on microbial diversity and community composition. On the other hand, eT resulted in decreases in soil pH, total C, total N, EEAs, and microbial diversity, but increases in plant biomass, total P, microbial richness, and network complexity and stability. This shift in the nutrient limitation from P to N under warming conditions resulted in decoupling of nutrients. Neutral or slightly negative relationships were found between enzyme activities and microbial richness, diversity, and dominant species, and the responses of microbial communities and ecological functions were asynchronous under GCFs. Importantly, our results revealed significant higher-order interactions among GCFs and found that they had notable effects on soil physicochemical properties as well as on microbial communities and ecological functions. These findings provide valuable insights and suggestions for ecological adaptations to future global changes.
{"title":"Global change factors cause decoupling of nutrient dynamics and asynchrony between microbial communities and ecological functions in a temperate grassland soil","authors":"Yuqian LI , Junwei MA , Yijia LI , Xinyi SHEN , Xinghui XIA","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil microbial communities and grassland ecosystem processes are increasingly confronted with multiple global change factors (GCFs). There is still a lack of research on how these multiple GCFs interact and impact soil microbial communities and their functions. To address this gap, we conducted a simulation experiment to examine the individual and interactive effects of the four most critical and prevalent GCFs, elevated carbon dioxide concentration (eCO<sub>2</sub>), elevated temperature (eT), decreased precipitation (dP), and elevated nitrogen (N) deposition (eN). This study focused on their effects on soil physicochemical properties, bacterial and fungal communities, and extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs) related to carbon (C), N, and phosphorus (P) cycles in a temperate grassland. Results showed that eCO<sub>2</sub>, eN, and dP tended to increase EEAs, while having neutral effects on microbial diversity and community composition. On the other hand, eT resulted in decreases in soil pH, total C, total N, EEAs, and microbial diversity, but increases in plant biomass, total P, microbial richness, and network complexity and stability. This shift in the nutrient limitation from P to N under warming conditions resulted in decoupling of nutrients. Neutral or slightly negative relationships were found between enzyme activities and microbial richness, diversity, and dominant species, and the responses of microbial communities and ecological functions were asynchronous under GCFs. Importantly, our results revealed significant higher-order interactions among GCFs and found that they had notable effects on soil physicochemical properties as well as on microbial communities and ecological functions. These findings provide valuable insights and suggestions for ecological adaptations to future global changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 627-640"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141145685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2024-05-21DOI: 10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.05.012
Jingwang LI , Lin CHEN , Fengxia YUE , Congzhi ZHANG , Donghao MA , Guixiang ZHOU , Jiangli WANG , Changdong HAN , Biao FENG , Jiabao ZHANG
Straw return is the main practice used to increase soil organic matter (SOM) in agricultural ecosystems. To increase the efficiency of straw conversion to SOM, a large number of microbial inoculants have been developed. However, their effects are poor because of the complex water and temperature conditions, especially under sodic conditions. Small molecules can rapidly shift soil microbial communities and improve their ability to transform exogenous organic matter into SOM, providing a new direction for promoting high-efficiency straw conversion into SOM. In this study, we conducted a 13C-labeled straw degradation experiment using small molecules derived from lignin (LSMs) and humus (HSMs) as activators, investigating their effects on the microbial communities and formation of newly formed mineral-associated (13C-MAOM) and particulate (13C-POM) organic matter from 13C-labeled straw in both sodic and non-sodic soils. The 13C-labeled straw was mainly converted into 13C-MAOM, accounting for 73.97%–92.67% of the newly formed SOM. Biopolymer-derived small molecules decreased the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), but increased contents of 13C-MAOM and 13C-POM by shifting microbial communities, strengthening microbial cross-trophic interactions, enhancing enzyme activities, and increasing microbial residues in both soils. Addition of HSMs had greater impacts on 13C-MAOM formation than LSM addition. The 13C-MAOM and 13C-POM formation negatively correlated with ESP, but positively correlated with microbial cross-trophic interactions and enzyme activities in both soils. Our results suggest that biopolymer-derived small molecules promote 13C-MAOM and 13C-POM formation associated with microbial cross-trophic interactions between protistan predators and primary decomposers. Our study provides scientific support for future attempts to stimulate microbial cross-trophic interactions for boosting SOM accumulation under stressed conditions.
{"title":"Microbiological mechanisms of lignin- and humus-derived small molecule addition promoting straw conversion into soil organic matter in a sodic soil","authors":"Jingwang LI , Lin CHEN , Fengxia YUE , Congzhi ZHANG , Donghao MA , Guixiang ZHOU , Jiangli WANG , Changdong HAN , Biao FENG , Jiabao ZHANG","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.05.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Straw return is the main practice used to increase soil organic matter (SOM) in agricultural ecosystems. To increase the efficiency of straw conversion to SOM, a large number of microbial inoculants have been developed. However, their effects are poor because of the complex water and temperature conditions, especially under sodic conditions. Small molecules can rapidly shift soil microbial communities and improve their ability to transform exogenous organic matter into SOM, providing a new direction for promoting high-efficiency straw conversion into SOM. In this study, we conducted a <sup>13</sup>C-labeled straw degradation experiment using small molecules derived from lignin (LSMs) and humus (HSMs) as activators, investigating their effects on the microbial communities and formation of newly formed mineral-associated (<sup>13</sup>C-MAOM) and particulate (<sup>13</sup>C-POM) organic matter from <sup>13</sup>C-labeled straw in both sodic and non-sodic soils. The <sup>13</sup>C-labeled straw was mainly converted into <sup>13</sup>C-MAOM, accounting for 73.97%–92.67% of the newly formed SOM. Biopolymer-derived small molecules decreased the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), but increased contents of <sup>13</sup>C-MAOM and <sup>13</sup>C-POM by shifting microbial communities, strengthening microbial cross-trophic interactions, enhancing enzyme activities, and increasing microbial residues in both soils. Addition of HSMs had greater impacts on <sup>13</sup>C-MAOM formation than LSM addition. The <sup>13</sup>C-MAOM and <sup>13</sup>C-POM formation negatively correlated with ESP, but positively correlated with microbial cross-trophic interactions and enzyme activities in both soils. Our results suggest that biopolymer-derived small molecules promote <sup>13</sup>C-MAOM and <sup>13</sup>C-POM formation associated with microbial cross-trophic interactions between protistan predators and primary decomposers. Our study provides scientific support for future attempts to stimulate microbial cross-trophic interactions for boosting SOM accumulation under stressed conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 603-616"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141139178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2024-05-21DOI: 10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.05.009
Xianghong LI , Xin WANG , Xionghui JI , Jingmin YANG , Yunping YU , Rui HUANG , Bo PENG , Baoshan XING
Arsenic (As) contamination in paddy soils has posed a prominent threat to rice production in Asia. Recycling of silicon (Si) from Si-rich combusted rice husk (CRH) could serve as a sustainable strategy to mitigate rice As uptake through their shared transport pathway. Root (soil) application of CRH alone, however, was insufficient to decrease inorganic As (iAs) in polished rice below Chinese food standards (0.2 mg kg-1). In this study, an aqueous Si solution derived from CRH was used for synergistic foliar application over the highest Si-demanding stage (reproductive stage) of rice, following root application of Si, to investigate rice As uptake in both pot and field experiments. In the pot experiment, on the basis of root application of CRH, Si supplementation before the reproductive stage of rice led to a 51% decrease in As concentration on root surface along with a prominent reduction of Fe plaque due to enhanced root suberization, relative to single root application of CRH treatment. In parallel, the expression of OsLis6 gene in the root was downregulated by 91% than that with only root application of CRH. These changes decreased As influx into root by 56% and led correspondingly to 41% lower As transfer to the straw, as compared with root application of CRH treatment. In node I, the expression of OsLis6 decreased concurrently by 71%, leading ultimately to 28% lower iAs accumulation in grains than that with root application of CRH alone. In the field experiment, with single foliar Si, the mitigation of grain iAs occurred only at lower soil As level of 40 mg kg-1, while promoted iAs unloading into grains was determined under higher soil As level (80 mg kg-1) relative to the control without Si application. It was, therefore, concluded that the mitigation of grain iAs accumulation with soil application of CRH can be strengthened critically by synergistic supply of foliar Si, serving as a more reliable pathway to secure rice production in As-contaminated paddy fields.
{"title":"Mitigation of arsenic uptake and accumulation in rice grains by applying husk-derived silicon in a synergistic way: Evidence from pot and field trials","authors":"Xianghong LI , Xin WANG , Xionghui JI , Jingmin YANG , Yunping YU , Rui HUANG , Bo PENG , Baoshan XING","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.05.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arsenic (As) contamination in paddy soils has posed a prominent threat to rice production in Asia. Recycling of silicon (Si) from Si-rich combusted rice husk (CRH) could serve as a sustainable strategy to mitigate rice As uptake through their shared transport pathway. Root (soil) application of CRH alone, however, was insufficient to decrease inorganic As (iAs) in polished rice below Chinese food standards (0.2 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>). In this study, an aqueous Si solution derived from CRH was used for synergistic foliar application over the highest Si-demanding stage (reproductive stage) of rice, following root application of Si, to investigate rice As uptake in both pot and field experiments. In the pot experiment, on the basis of root application of CRH, Si supplementation before the reproductive stage of rice led to a 51% decrease in As concentration on root surface along with a prominent reduction of Fe plaque due to enhanced root suberization, relative to single root application of CRH treatment. In parallel, the expression of <em>OsLis6</em> gene in the root was downregulated by 91% than that with only root application of CRH. These changes decreased As influx into root by 56% and led correspondingly to 41% lower As transfer to the straw, as compared with root application of CRH treatment. In node I, the expression of <em>OsLis6</em> decreased concurrently by 71%, leading ultimately to 28% lower iAs accumulation in grains than that with root application of CRH alone. In the field experiment, with single foliar Si, the mitigation of grain iAs occurred only at lower soil As level of 40 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, while promoted iAs unloading into grains was determined under higher soil As level (80 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>) relative to the control without Si application. It was, therefore, concluded that the mitigation of grain iAs accumulation with soil application of CRH can be strengthened critically by synergistic supply of foliar Si, serving as a more reliable pathway to secure rice production in As-contaminated paddy fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 763-774"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141132255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-06DOI: 10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.06.001
Vajiheh DOROSTKAR , Fatemeh Zahra ARABAMERI
The wettability of coarse-grained soils has been studied previously. However, soil drying in arid regions due to limited precipitation or irrigation has resulted in soil water repellency to some extent in fine-grained soils. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of plane (Platanus orientalis L.) leaf biochar with fine (< 0.1 mm) and coarse grains (0.1–0.5 mm) on the wettability of a silty clay soil irrigated with saline and non-saline water. Eleven rates of each biochar, ranging from 0 to 10% with 1% intervals, were investigated along with five ionic strengths of water, including 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mol L-1, prepared using sodium and calcium chloride, which are two dominant salts in arid regions. The results showed that application of 5%–10% fine-grained biochar changed the soil hydrophobicity class from strongly to slightly water-repellent, while only 4% coarse-grained biochar was sufficient for the same change in soil wettability. Furthermore, the use of 10% coarse-grained biochar made the soil hydrophilic. The positive effect of plane leaf biochar on soil water repellency reduction was limited by water salinity. The sodium chloride solution was more effective in decreasing the soil wettability than calcium chloride solution and increased the demand for biochar for soil water repellency reduction. In conclusion, plane leaf biochar could be beneficial in managing the hydrophobicity of fine-grained soils. However, water quality as well as biochar particle size determined the quantity of biochar required for improving soil wettability.
{"title":"Plane (Platanus orientalis L.) leaf biochar improves wettability of a silty clay soil irrigated with saline water","authors":"Vajiheh DOROSTKAR , Fatemeh Zahra ARABAMERI","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wettability of coarse-grained soils has been studied previously. However, soil drying in arid regions due to limited precipitation or irrigation has resulted in soil water repellency to some extent in fine-grained soils. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of plane (<em>Platanus orientalis</em> L.) leaf biochar with fine (< 0.1 mm) and coarse grains (0.1–0.5 mm) on the wettability of a silty clay soil irrigated with saline and non-saline water. Eleven rates of each biochar, ranging from 0 to 10% with 1% intervals, were investigated along with five ionic strengths of water, including 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mol L<sup>-1</sup>, prepared using sodium and calcium chloride, which are two dominant salts in arid regions. The results showed that application of 5%–10% fine-grained biochar changed the soil hydrophobicity class from strongly to slightly water-repellent, while only 4% coarse-grained biochar was sufficient for the same change in soil wettability. Furthermore, the use of 10% coarse-grained biochar made the soil hydrophilic. The positive effect of plane leaf biochar on soil water repellency reduction was limited by water salinity. The sodium chloride solution was more effective in decreasing the soil wettability than calcium chloride solution and increased the demand for biochar for soil water repellency reduction. In conclusion, plane leaf biochar could be beneficial in managing the hydrophobicity of fine-grained soils. However, water quality as well as biochar particle size determined the quantity of biochar required for improving soil wettability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 775-782"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141396674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2024-05-21DOI: 10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.05.011
Jiawen YAN , Lianxi SHENG , Siyuan LU , Xiaofei YU , Yahya KOOCH , Yuanchun ZOU
Global climate change exerts profound effects on snow cover, with consequential impacts on microbial activities and the stability of soil organic carbon (SOC) within aggregates. Northern peatlands are significant carbon reservoirs, playing a critical role in mitigating climate change. However, the effects of snow variations on microbial-mediated SOC stability within aggregates in peatlands remain inadequately understood. Here, an in-situ field experiment manipulating snow conditions (i.e., snow removal and snow cover) was conducted to investigate how snow variations affect soil microbial community and the associated SOC stability within soil aggregates (> 2, 0.25–2, and < 0.25 mm) in a peatland of Northeast China. The results showed that snow removal significantly increased the SOC content and stability within aggregates. Compared to the soils with snow cover, snow removal resulted in decreased soil average temperatures in the topsoil (0–30 cm depth) and subsoil (30–60 cm depth) (by 1.48 and 1.34°C, respectively) and increased freeze-thaw cycles (by 11 cycles), consequently decreasing the stability of aggregates in the topsoil and subsoil (by 23.68% and 6.85%, respectively). Furthermore, more recalcitrant carbon and enhanced SOC stability were present in microaggregates (< 0.25 mm) at two soil depths. Moreover, reductions in bacterial diversity and network stability were observed in response to snow removal. Structural equation modeling analysis demonstrated that snow removal indirectly promoted (P < 0.01) SOC stability by regulating carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio within aggregates. Overall, our study suggested that microaggregate protection and an appropriate C:N ratio enhanced carbon sequestration in response to climate change.
{"title":"Snow removal promotes microbial-mediated organic carbon stabilization within soil aggregates in a peatland of Northeast China","authors":"Jiawen YAN , Lianxi SHENG , Siyuan LU , Xiaofei YU , Yahya KOOCH , Yuanchun ZOU","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.05.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.05.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global climate change exerts profound effects on snow cover, with consequential impacts on microbial activities and the stability of soil organic carbon (SOC) within aggregates. Northern peatlands are significant carbon reservoirs, playing a critical role in mitigating climate change. However, the effects of snow variations on microbial-mediated SOC stability within aggregates in peatlands remain inadequately understood. Here, an <em>in-situ</em> field experiment manipulating snow conditions (<em>i.e</em>., snow removal and snow cover) was conducted to investigate how snow variations affect soil microbial community and the associated SOC stability within soil aggregates (> 2, 0.25–2, and < 0.25 mm) in a peatland of Northeast China. The results showed that snow removal significantly increased the SOC content and stability within aggregates. Compared to the soils with snow cover, snow removal resulted in decreased soil average temperatures in the topsoil (0–30 cm depth) and subsoil (30–60 cm depth) (by 1.48 and 1.34°C, respectively) and increased freeze-thaw cycles (by 11 cycles), consequently decreasing the stability of aggregates in the topsoil and subsoil (by 23.68% and 6.85%, respectively). Furthermore, more recalcitrant carbon and enhanced SOC stability were present in microaggregates (< 0.25 mm) at two soil depths. Moreover, reductions in bacterial diversity and network stability were observed in response to snow removal. Structural equation modeling analysis demonstrated that snow removal indirectly promoted (<em>P</em> < 0.01) SOC stability by regulating carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio within aggregates. Overall, our study suggested that microaggregate protection and an appropriate C:N ratio enhanced carbon sequestration in response to climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 751-762"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141140501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-06DOI: 10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.06.003
Fangli WANG , Zhi LI , Dan ZHENG , Shangqiang LIAO , Xi ZHANG , Zihan YU , Jun LIU , Haiying ZONG , Xuexia WANG , Ningning SONG
Controlled-release/stable nitrogen (N) fertilizers can improve vegetable yields and achieve lower greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in cost-effective and environmentally friendly vegetable production. However, there has been limited research on the controlled-release/stable N fertilization in long-term fixed-position vegetable rotation fields. In this study, a five-year field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of long-term controlled-release/stable N fertilization in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing lettuce yield. Six distinct treatments were employed for N fertilization: the control without N fertilizer (CK), normal local farming practices with application of urea fertilizer at 400 kg N ha-1 (T1), optimized application of urea at 320 kg N ha-1 (T2), optimized application of urea at 320 kg N ha-1 with supplementation of 1.0 kg ha-1 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) as N inhibitor (T3), application of polyurethane-coated urea at 320 kg N ha-1 (T4), and application of polyurethane-coated urea at 320 kg N ha-1 with supplementation of 1.0 kg ha-1 DMPP (T5). The results showed that the T3, T4, and T5 treatments using controlled-release/stable N fertilization emitted about 12.2%–56.7% less average annual cumulative nitrous oxide (N2O) and 1.31%–10.0% less carbon dioxide (CO2) than the T2 treatment. Nitrous oxide and CO2 emissions from the T4 and T5 treatments were considerably lower than those from the T3 treatment. No significant seasonal or interannual variability was observed in N2O and CO2 emissions. The observed phenomena were attributed to the fluctuations in soil ammonium- and nitrate-N contents. The findings in this study revealed that long-term controlled-release/stable N fertilization resulted in reduced field N loss, benefitting vegetable yields without increasing CO2 emissions and highlighting the application potential of this technique for sustainable agricultural production.
{"title":"Five-year controlled-release/stable nitrogen fertilization reduces field nitrogen loss without increasing carbon dioxide emissions in a vegetable rotation system","authors":"Fangli WANG , Zhi LI , Dan ZHENG , Shangqiang LIAO , Xi ZHANG , Zihan YU , Jun LIU , Haiying ZONG , Xuexia WANG , Ningning SONG","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Controlled-release/stable nitrogen (N) fertilizers can improve vegetable yields and achieve lower greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in cost-effective and environmentally friendly vegetable production. However, there has been limited research on the controlled-release/stable N fertilization in long-term fixed-position vegetable rotation fields. In this study, a five-year field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of long-term controlled-release/stable N fertilization in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing lettuce yield. Six distinct treatments were employed for N fertilization: the control without N fertilizer (CK), normal local farming practices with application of urea fertilizer at 400 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> (T1), optimized application of urea at 320 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> (T2), optimized application of urea at 320 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> with supplementation of 1.0 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) as N inhibitor (T3), application of polyurethane-coated urea at 320 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> (T4), and application of polyurethane-coated urea at 320 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> with supplementation of 1.0 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> DMPP (T5). The results showed that the T3, T4, and T5 treatments using controlled-release/stable N fertilization emitted about 12.2%–56.7% less average annual cumulative nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and 1.31%–10.0% less carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) than the T2 treatment. Nitrous oxide and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the T4 and T5 treatments were considerably lower than those from the T3 treatment. No significant seasonal or interannual variability was observed in N<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. The observed phenomena were attributed to the fluctuations in soil ammonium- and nitrate-N contents. The findings in this study revealed that long-term controlled-release/stable N fertilization resulted in reduced field N loss, benefitting vegetable yields without increasing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and highlighting the application potential of this technique for sustainable agricultural production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 741-750"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141407974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-19DOI: 10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.06.009
Yu SUN , Li JI , Jingjing CHANG , Yingxin LI , Hongbin WANG , Deliang LU , Chunjie TIAN
The conversion of saline-alkali soils into paddy fields for long-term rice cultivation involves multiple disturbances, and as a result, soil microbial communities are altered to adapt to changing environmental conditions. However, a comprehensive understanding of the succession of soil bacterial communities that occurs during this process is still lacking. In the present study, we utilized data obtained from paddy fields of different rice cultivation years (0–23 years) to investigate the compositional and functional succession of soil bacterial communities. We focused on core bacterial taxa that were specifically enriched at different successional stages. Generalized joint attribute modeling (GJAM) was used to identify core bacterial taxa. Results indicated that the bare saline-alkali soil (0 year, prior to any rice cultivation) shared few core amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) with paddy fields. In the bare saline-alkali soil, Longimicrobiaceae from the phylum Gemmatimonadetes was dominant, while the dominance was subsequently replaced by Burkholderiaceae and Pedosphaeraceae–-phyla affiliated with Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia–-after 5 and 23 years of rice cultivation, respectively. The relative abundances of nitrogen metabolism functions in the core bacterial communities of the bare saline-alkali soil were higher than those at other successional stages, while sulfur metabolism functions exhibited the opposite trend. These indicated that the role of the core bacterial taxa in mediating nutrient cycling also evolved and adapted to changing soil conditions as rice cultivation was established. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the composition of the core bacterial community in paddy fields with rice cultivation for 0, 2 and 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12, and 20 and 23 years were driven by soil nitrate nitrogen content, pH, available phosphorus content, and the ratio of total carbon to total nitrogen, respectively. In summary, the present study provides insights into the succession of soil bacterial communities and core bacterial taxa that occurs during long-term rice cultivation.
{"title":"Compositional and functional succession of soil bacterial communities during long-term rice cultivation on saline-alkali soils: Insights derived from a new perspective on core bacterial taxa","authors":"Yu SUN , Li JI , Jingjing CHANG , Yingxin LI , Hongbin WANG , Deliang LU , Chunjie TIAN","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The conversion of saline-alkali soils into paddy fields for long-term rice cultivation involves multiple disturbances, and as a result, soil microbial communities are altered to adapt to changing environmental conditions. However, a comprehensive understanding of the succession of soil bacterial communities that occurs during this process is still lacking. In the present study, we utilized data obtained from paddy fields of different rice cultivation years (0–23 years) to investigate the compositional and functional succession of soil bacterial communities. We focused on core bacterial taxa that were specifically enriched at different successional stages. Generalized joint attribute modeling (GJAM) was used to identify core bacterial taxa. Results indicated that the bare saline-alkali soil (0 year, prior to any rice cultivation) shared few core amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) with paddy fields. In the bare saline-alkali soil, Longimicrobiaceae from the phylum Gemmatimonadetes was dominant, while the dominance was subsequently replaced by Burkholderiaceae and Pedosphaeraceae–-phyla affiliated with Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia–-after 5 and 23 years of rice cultivation, respectively. The relative abundances of nitrogen metabolism functions in the core bacterial communities of the bare saline-alkali soil were higher than those at other successional stages, while sulfur metabolism functions exhibited the opposite trend. These indicated that the role of the core bacterial taxa in mediating nutrient cycling also evolved and adapted to changing soil conditions as rice cultivation was established. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the composition of the core bacterial community in paddy fields with rice cultivation for 0, 2 and 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12, and 20 and 23 years were driven by soil nitrate nitrogen content, pH, available phosphorus content, and the ratio of total carbon to total nitrogen, respectively. In summary, the present study provides insights into the succession of soil bacterial communities and core bacterial taxa that occurs during long-term rice cultivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 641-654"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.pedsph.2023.12.012
Zhihao ZHANG , Guangxing ZHAO , Mengfei CONG , Akash TARIQ , Yan LU , Fanjiang ZENG
Understanding the elevational patterns of soil microbial carbon (C) metabolic potentials is instrumental for predicting changes in soil organic C (SOC) stocks in the face of climate change. However, such patterns remain uncertain in arid mountain ecosystems, where climosequences are quite different from other ecosystems. To address this gap, this study investigated the distribution determinants of microbial communities, C cycling-related genes, and SOC fractions along an elevational gradient (1 707–3 548 m), with a mean annual precipitation (MAP) range of 38 to 344 mm, on the north slope of the central part of the Kunlun Mountains, China using a metagenomic approach. The results showed that elevation significantly influenced the α-diversity (Shannon index) and composition of microbial communities as well as the C cycling-related genes. The α-diversities of microbial taxa and C cycling-related genes linearly increased with the increase in MAP along the elevational gradient. The elevational patterns of the genes encoding glycoside hydrolases and glycosyl transferases (GTs) were mainly driven by soil electrical conductivity (EC), mean annual temperature (MAT), MAP, and plant diversity. Furthermore, mineral-associated organic C (MAOC), particulate organic C (POC), and their sum generally increased with elevation. However, the MAOC/POC ratio followed a unimodal pattern, suggesting greater stability of the SOC pool in the mid-elevation regions. This unimodal pattern was likely influenced by the abundances of Actinobacteria and the genes encoding GTs and carbohydrate esterases and the threshold effects of soil EC and MAT. In summary, our findings indicate that the distribution patterns of microbial communities and C cycling-related genes along the elevational gradient in an arid ecosystem are distinct from those in the regions with higher MAP, facilitating the prediction of climate change effects on SOC metabolism under more arid conditions. Soil salinity, plant diversity, precipitation, and temperature are the main regulatory factors of microbial C metabolism processes, and they potentially play a central role in mediating SOC pool stability.
{"title":"Metagenomic insights into microbial diversity and carbon cycling-related genes along an elevational gradient in arid mountain ecosystems","authors":"Zhihao ZHANG , Guangxing ZHAO , Mengfei CONG , Akash TARIQ , Yan LU , Fanjiang ZENG","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2023.12.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2023.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the elevational patterns of soil microbial carbon (C) metabolic potentials is instrumental for predicting changes in soil organic C (SOC) stocks in the face of climate change. However, such patterns remain uncertain in arid mountain ecosystems, where climosequences are quite different from other ecosystems. To address this gap, this study investigated the distribution determinants of microbial communities, C cycling-related genes, and SOC fractions along an elevational gradient (1 707–3 548 m), with a mean annual precipitation (MAP) range of 38 to 344 mm, on the north slope of the central part of the Kunlun Mountains, China using a metagenomic approach. The results showed that elevation significantly influenced the α-diversity (Shannon index) and composition of microbial communities as well as the C cycling-related genes. The α-diversities of microbial taxa and C cycling-related genes linearly increased with the increase in MAP along the elevational gradient. The elevational patterns of the genes encoding glycoside hydrolases and glycosyl transferases (GTs) were mainly driven by soil electrical conductivity (EC), mean annual temperature (MAT), MAP, and plant diversity. Furthermore, mineral-associated organic C (MAOC), particulate organic C (POC), and their sum generally increased with elevation. However, the MAOC/POC ratio followed a unimodal pattern, suggesting greater stability of the SOC pool in the mid-elevation regions. This unimodal pattern was likely influenced by the abundances of Actinobacteria and the genes encoding GTs and carbohydrate esterases and the threshold effects of soil EC and MAT. In summary, our findings indicate that the distribution patterns of microbial communities and C cycling-related genes along the elevational gradient in an arid ecosystem are distinct from those in the regions with higher MAP, facilitating the prediction of climate change effects on SOC metabolism under more arid conditions. Soil salinity, plant diversity, precipitation, and temperature are the main regulatory factors of microbial C metabolism processes, and they potentially play a central role in mediating SOC pool stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"35 3","pages":"Pages 534-548"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139391783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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