Pedosphere最新文献

{"title":"Soil microbial biomass carbon and metabolic changes induced by different ecological restoration systems in the Amazon","authors":"Paula Adriana Medeiros DE CASTRO ,&nbsp;Ingo ISERNHAGEN ,&nbsp;Rafael ARRUDA ,&nbsp;Anderson FERREIRA","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Amazon boasts high diversity in fauna, flora, and microorganisms, but anthropogenic actions could lead to environmental imbalances, resulting in degradation. An alternative to restore these ecological processes is ecological restoration, involving ecosystem recovery. One way to assess changes in these environments during ecological restoration processes is through studies using microbiological indicators of soil quality. Thus, the hypothesis of this study was that the quantity and activity of microorganisms would vary according to the vegetative cover provided by different ecological restoration strategies and over time. This study aimed to evaluate whether different ecological restoration strategies influence the quantity of microbial biomass carbon, enzyme activity, and functional diversity of soil microbial communities. Seven treatments were set up: planting native and eucalyptus seedlings; planting native, açaí, and rubber tree seedlings; planting native seedlings; seeding of native species and green manure and planting of eucalyptus seedlings; row seeding of native plants, green manure, and eucalyptus; passive natural regeneration management; and planting native seedlings without thinning and pruning. In addition, native forest was included as a reference. Microbial biomass carbon showed great variation at the beginning of the experiment, and it became uniform across treatments over seven years. The activity of β-glucosidase did not exhibit differences between treatments, and acid phosphatase activity showed variation in the second year. Evaluation of these microbiological parameters revealed that the treatments with green manure achieved better results over time, aiding in directing ecological restoration strategies and maintaining microbial biodiversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"35 6","pages":"Pages 971-982"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic responses of endophytic microbial communities of Jerusalem artichoke to the absence of nitrogen fertilizer","authors":"Mengjia ZHOU ,&nbsp;Ji WANG ,&nbsp;Ruixuan YANG ,&nbsp;Qian CUI ,&nbsp;Xin XU ,&nbsp;Jingjing XU ,&nbsp;Huijuan ZHANG ,&nbsp;Ebru TOKSOY ÖNER ,&nbsp;Mingxiang LIANG","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The taxonomic composition and function of endophytic microbial communities in plants are strongly influenced by environmental changes. The impact of nitrogen (N) fertilization on the diversity of microbial communities in the underground parts of plants that are tolerant of barren environments throughout their growth period remains largely unexplored. Here, by high-throughput sequencing technology, an experiment was performed at the Pailou Experimental Station of Nanjing Agricultural University, where the soil is a yellow-brown soil, to analyze fluctuations in the microbial communities of Jerusalem artichoke (<em>Helianthus tuberosus</em> L.) underground parts in two treatments, application of N, P, and K fertilizers (NPK) and application of only P and K fertilizers (PK), from March 2018 to January 2019. Total, nitrate, and ammonium N contents of soil and Jerusalem artichoke were significantly decreased in the PK treatment. The bacterial community, particularly <em>Acinetobacter</em>, dominated throughout the growth period, peaking in November and accounting for 88.9% and 87.3%, respectively, in the NPK and PK treatments. The absence of N fertilizer (<em>i.e</em>., NP treatment) had minimal effect on the bacterial community composition compared to the fungal community composition. The α-diversity of bacteria in tubers was not substantial, while that in roots was dramatically reduced in July and September in the NP treatment. Notably, the α-diversity of fungal species exhibited more pronounced seasonal variations than that of bacteria under both fertilizer conditions. The lack of N fertilizer lessened the complexity of bacterial network structure and reduced bacterial community similarity (β-diversity) in different months. Interestingly, the β-diversity and network structure of fungal community in the underground tissues of Jerusalem artichoke showed less sensitivity to N fertilizer compared to those of bacterial community. This study improves the understanding of the dynamic response of endophytic microorganisms to N fertilizer application in the underground parts of Jerusalem artichoke tolerant to barren environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"35 6","pages":"Pages 1016-1025"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight into amelioration effect of iron-modified biochar on saline-alkali soil chemical properties and bacterial communities along a soil depth gradient","authors":"Jiyuan WANG ,&nbsp;Riaz MUHAMMAD ,&nbsp;Saba BABAR ,&nbsp;Zeinab El-DESOUKI ,&nbsp;Yuxuan LI ,&nbsp;Xiangling WANG ,&nbsp;Xiaoyang XIA ,&nbsp;Cuncang JIANG","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of modified biochar has been proven to be a novel and promising strategy to improve saline-alkali soil. However, the effect of iron-modified biochar (FB) on the chemical properties of saline-alkali soil at different depths remains unclear. Therefore, we designed a soil column and divided it into three consecutive parts (<em>i.e</em>., topsoil, middle soil, and subsoil) to explore the amelioration effects of biochar on saline-alkali soil chemical properties and bacterial communities along a depth gradient in the treatments amended with 0.5% (weight/weight) pristine biochar (PB), 1% (weight:weight) PB, 0.5% (weight:weight) FB, and 1% (weight:weight) FB and without biochar (control, CK). The results showed that soil chemical properties were significantly improved with 1% FB application, while the amelioration effect of FB was different between the topsoil and subsoil. The activities of extracellular enzymes significantly increased in the topsoil and base cations decreased in the subsoil in the FB treatment compared with CK. Moreover, the abundances of halophilic taxa were higher in the subsoil than in the topsoil, especially for Bacteroidetes and Deinococcota. Furthermore, the abundances of beneficial bacteria (<em>e.g</em>., c_Alphaproteobacteria, <em>Sphingomonas</em>, and <em>Pontibacter</em>) in saline-alkali soil increased in the FB treatment compared with CK. Our results suggest the ameliorative effect of FB on soil properties and bacterial communities along a soil depth gradient, providing a novel strategy for improving saline-alkali soil with biochar.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"35 5","pages":"Pages 879-892"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141717010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Cd and Zn enrichment in leaf mustard (Brassica juncea) on heavy metal-contaminated soil using metal-activating probiotics","authors":"Qian LI ,&nbsp;Ping WANG ,&nbsp;Yiman LI ,&nbsp;Zhaowen YANG ,&nbsp;Xu YANG ,&nbsp;Kailin LIANG ,&nbsp;Yizhuo LIU ,&nbsp;Zehua WEN ,&nbsp;Shuqiang ZHANG ,&nbsp;Zengqiang ZHANG","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbe-assisted phytoremediation is of great significance for the remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals (HMs), and probiotics are beneficial microorganisms that can improve soil structure and fertility and promote plant growth. However, there are few studies on probiotics applied to remediate soil contaminated with HMs, and whether probiotics can improve the efficiency of phytoremediation still needs to be further investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of two kinds of probiotics, <em>Lactobacillus casei</em> (<em>Lc</em>) and <em>Bacillus licheniformis</em> (<em>Bl</em>), on activating the remediation potential of leaf mustard, <em>Brassica juncea</em> (L.) Czerniak., for soil contaminated with Cd and Zn using incubation and pot experiments. The results showed that the addition of the two probiotics significantly reduced soil pH by 0.05–0.32 units and improved the available contents of soil HMs (by 15.3%–60.0% and 7.1%–23.8% for Cd and Zn, respectively) in the incubation experiment. After probiotic addition, available Cd and Zn contents in soil treated with 1×10⁹ colony forming units (cfu) mL^-1 <em>Bl</em> were 1.65- and 1.66-folds of those in the control without probiotic, respectively, in the pot experiment. Meanwhile, soil alkaline phosphatase, urease, and sucrose activities were increased, indicating that soil microbial metabolic activities were also stimulated. Addition of <em>Lc</em> and <em>Bl</em> significantly improved the biomass and chlorophyll contents of leaf mustard. The contents of Cd and Zn in shoots and roots were significantly increased in the treatment with 1×10⁵ cfu mL^-1 <em>Lc</em>. Furthermore, the activities of plant antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, were increased, and the content of plant malondialdehyde was reduced, indicating that the resistance of plants to HMs was enhanced. These results indicated that these two kinds of probiotics could enhance the availability of Cd and Zn directly in soil and promote the growth of leaf mustard, thereby increasing the efficiency of phytoremediation for HMs. The study provides a useful reference for probiotic-assisted phytoremediation of soil contaminated with HMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"35 5","pages":"Pages 858-868"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141699520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial-temporal simulation and prediction of root zone soil moisture based on Hydrus-1D and CNN-LSTM-attention models in Yutian Oasis, southern Xinjiang, China","authors":"Xiaobo LÜ ,&nbsp;Ilyas NURMEMET ,&nbsp;Sentian XIAO ,&nbsp;Jing ZHAO ,&nbsp;Xinru YU ,&nbsp;Yilizhati AILI ,&nbsp;Shiqin LI","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Root zone soil moisture (RZSM) plays a critical role in land-atmosphere hydrological cycles and serves as the primary water source for vegetation growth. However, the correlations between RZSM and its associated variables, including surface soil moisture (SSM), often exhibit nonlinearities that are challenging to identify and quantify using conventional statistical techniques. Therefore, this study presents a hybrid convolutional neural network (CNN)-long short-term memory neural network (LSTM)-attention (CLA) model for predicting RZSM. Owing to the scarcity of soil moisture (SM) observation data, the physical model Hydrus-1D was employed to simulate a comprehensive dataset of spatial-temporal SM. Meteorological data and moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer vegetation characterization parameters were used as predictor variables for the training and validation of the CLA model. The results of the CLA model for SM prediction in the root zone were significantly enhanced compared with those of the traditional LSTM and CNN-LSTM models. This was particularly notable at the depth of 80–100 cm, where the fitness (<em>R</em>²) reached nearly 0.929 8. Moreover, the root mean square error of the CLA model was reduced by 49% and 57% compared with those of the LSTM and CNN-LSTM models, respectively. This study demonstrates that the integration of physical modeling and deep learning methods provides a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of spatial-temporal SM variations in the root zone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"35 5","pages":"Pages 846-857"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accessing global soil raster images and equal-area splines to estimate soil organic carbon stocks on the regional scale","authors":"Trevan FLYNN ,&nbsp;Rosana KOSTECKI ,&nbsp;Ansa REBI ,&nbsp;Taqi RAZA","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil carbon stock research has gained prominence in environmental studies amidst climate change concerns, especially given that soil is one of the largest terrestrial carbon reserves. Accurate predictions necessitate comprehensive soil profile measurements, which are resource-intensive to obtain. To address this, depth functions are employed to derive continuous estimates, aligning with standardized depths. However, global datasets employing depth functions in raster format have not been widely utilized, which could lower financial costs and improve accuracy in data-scarce regions. Furthermore, research into aggregating depth functions for realistic carbon stock estimations remains limited, offering opportunities to streamline cost and time. The aim of this study was to apply equal-area splines to estimate soil carbon stocks, utilizing SoilGrids and iSDAsoil datasets in a 317-km² Quaternary catchment (30°48′ E, 29°18′ S) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Both datasets were resampled to a 250-m resolution, and the splines were interpolated to a depth of 50 cm per pixel. Various aggregation methods were employed in calculation, including the cumulative sum (definite integral), discrete sum (sum of 1-cm spline predictions), and the mean carbon stock (mean to 50 cm). Quantitative evaluation was performed with 310 external soil samples. SoilGrids showed higher predictions (100–546 kg m^-2) than iSDAsoil (66.9–225 kg m^-2) for the cumulative sum. The discrete sum also exhibited higher prediction values for SoilGrids (293–789 kg m^-2) compared to iSDAsoil (228–557 kg m^-2). SoilGrids aggregated with the discrete sum closely matched previous studies, estimating total carbon stock for the catchment at 7 126 t, albeit with spatial inconsistencies. However, when evaluating with an external dataset, the results were not satisfactory for any method according to Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC, correlation of a 1:1 line), with all models obtaining a CCC below 0.01. Similarly, all models had a root mean squared error larger than 59 kg m^-2. It was concluded that SoilGrids and iSDAsoil were spatially inaccurate in the catchment but can still provide information about the total carbon stock. This method could be improved by obtaining more soil samples for the datasets, incorporating local data into the spline, making the method more computationally efficient, and accounting for discrete horizon boundaries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"35 5","pages":"Pages 834-845"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141693605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated ammonium and nitrate nitrogen supply alters the composition and functionalities of rice rhizosphere bacterial communities and enhances nitrogen use efficiency","authors":"Zaid KHAN ,&nbsp;Xujian YANG ,&nbsp;Xianting FAN ,&nbsp;Songpo DUAN ,&nbsp;Chunmei YANG ,&nbsp;Mohammad Nauman KHAN ,&nbsp;Anas IQBAL ,&nbsp;Hong SHEN ,&nbsp;Youqiang FU","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen (N) is the most important nutrient for plants; however, microbe-mediated N transformation under different N forms is unclear. This experiment investigated the effects of four treatments fertilized with various N forms, no N (control, CK), 100% ammonium N (AN), 100% nitrate N (NN), and 50% ammonium N + 50% nitrate N (ANNN), on soil chemical properties, rhizosphere bacterial network, and rice growth. The ANNN treatment enhanced soil pH by 6.9%, soil organic carbon by 12%, and microbial biomass N (MBN) by 60% compared to CK. The linear discriminant effect size (LEfSe) analysis indicated four highly abundant biomarkers of bacterial communities each in the CK, NN, and AN treatments, while the ANNN treatment showed six highly abundant biomarkers with maximum effect size and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score &gt; 4. The 16S rRNA gene-predicted functions under PICRUST indicated glutathione metabolism and proteasome and Tax4Fun recorded amino acid metabolism in the ANNN treatment. The combination of ammonium and nitrate N (<em>i.e</em>., the ANNN treatment) significantly increased the expression levels of the genes encoding N metabolism, including <em>AMT1</em>, <em>NRT2.1</em>, <em>GS1</em>, and <em>GOGAT1</em>, and induced 39%, 27%, 35%, and 38% increase in nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase, respectively, in comparison to CK. In addition, the ANNN treatment promoted rice leaf photosynthetic rate by 37%, transpiration rate by 41%, CO₂ exchange rate by 11%, and stomatal conductance by 18% compared to CK, while increased N use efficiency (NUE) by 10% and 19%, respectively, compared to the AN and NN treatments. These findings suggest that the combination of ammonium and nitrate N can promote bacterial community abundance, composition, and functional pathways by improving soil properties and can increase NUE and rice growth. This study provides a theoretical basis for the rational application of N fertilizers and the implications of this approach for future sustainable crop production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"35 5","pages":"Pages 914-930"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorus reward mechanisms of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and a dark septate endophyte to plant carbon allocation: Synergism or competition?","authors":"Yinli BI ,&nbsp;Linlin XIE ,&nbsp;Xiao WANG ,&nbsp;Yang ZHOU","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Combined inoculation with dark septate endophytes (DSEs) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has been shown to promote plant growth, yet the underlying plant-fungus interaction mechanisms remain unclear. To elucidate the nature of this symbiosis, it is crucial to explore carbon (C) transport from plants to fungi and nutrient exchange between them. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted with two phosphorus (P) fertilization levels (low and normal) and four fungal inoculation treatments (no inoculation, single inoculation of AMF and DSE, and co-inoculation of AMF and DSE). The ¹³C isotope pulse labeling method was employed to quantify the plant photosynthetic C transfer from plants to different fungi, shedding light on the mechanisms of nutrient exchange between plants and fungi. Soil and mycelium δ¹³C, soil C/N ratio, and soil C/P ratio were higher at the low P level than at the normal P level. However, soil microbial biomass C/P ratio was lower at the low P level, suggesting that the low P level was beneficial to soil C fixation and soil fungal P mineralization and transport. At the low P level, the P reward to plants from AMF and DSE increased significantly when the plants transferred the same amount of C to the fungi, and the two fungi synergistically promoted plant nutrient uptake and growth. At the normal P level, the root P content was significantly higher in the AMF-inoculated plants than in the DSE-inoculated plants, indicating that AMF contributed more than DSE to plant P uptake with the same amount of C received. Moreover, plants preferentially allocated more C to AMF. These findings indicate the presence of a source-sink balance between plant C allocation and fungal P contribution. Overall, AMF and DSE conferred a higher reward to plants at the low P level through functional synergistic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"35 5","pages":"Pages 869-878"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141134344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cadmium detoxification by Stenotrophomonas sp. via cell wall exfoliation and regeneration mediated by mtgA","authors":"Jianming XU ,&nbsp;Tong WANG ,&nbsp;Jiawen ZHANG ,&nbsp;Haoran GUAN ,&nbsp;Zhenmei LÜ ,&nbsp;Xin YAN ,&nbsp;Randy A. DAHLGREN ,&nbsp;Jizheng HE ,&nbsp;Xingmei LIU","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2025.06.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2025.06.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding bacterial strategies for coping with heavy metal stress is essential for elucidating their resilience in contaminated environments. However, whether cell wall exfoliation contributes to bacterial tolerance under heavy metal stress, such as cadmium (Cd) exposure, remains unclear and requires further investigation. In this study, we reveal a novel self-protective mechanism in <em>Stenotrophomonas</em> sp. H225 isolated from a Cd-contaminated farmland soil, which underwent controlled cell wall exfoliation and regeneration in response to Cd stress up to 200 mg L^-1. Transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses revealed that the exfoliated cell wall fragments served as extracellular Cd sinks, thereby reducing intracellular Cd accumulation. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated progressive peptidoglycan (PG) degradation, with exfoliated PG concentration in solution increasing from 148 ng mL^-1 at 0 mg L^-1 Cd to 240 ng mL^-1 at 200 mg L^-1 Cd. This degradation was counteracted by the compensatory upregulation of PG biosynthesis genes, with the enrichment ratio reaching up to 0.83, facilitating cell wall reconstruction. Transcriptomic analysis and gene knockout experiments identified <em>mtgA</em> (encoding a monofunctional transglycosylase) as a key determinant in cell wall repair and Cd resistance. To our knowledge, this is the first mechanistic evidence that bacteria can mitigate heavy metal toxicity through dynamic cell wall remodeling involving exfoliation and regeneration. This finding enhances our understanding of microbial survival strategies under environmental stress and highlights potential targets for engineering metal-tolerant strains for bioremediation applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"35 5","pages":"Pages 783-795"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable remediation of cadmium-contaminated soils: Capture by Fe3O4/polyaniline nanocomposites and removal by magnetic separation","authors":"Xiaochen CHEN ,&nbsp;Fuxiang ZHANG ,&nbsp;Yijia HUANG ,&nbsp;Qian GUAN ,&nbsp;Jianying YU ,&nbsp;Jianyu ZHANG ,&nbsp;Ao WANG ,&nbsp;Yu LIU ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu CUI ,&nbsp;Xianhua LIU ,&nbsp;Junyu ZHU ,&nbsp;Jie CHEN","doi":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cadmium (Cd) contamination of soil is a global environmental issue. Traditional remediation techniques such as immobilization, leaching, and phytoextraction have numerous shortcomings, which has led to growing interest in the development of low-cost, high-efficiency, and environmentally friendly agents for removing Cd from soil. In this study, four magnetite (Fe₃O₄)/polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites, Fe₃O₄(1.0)/PANI, Fe₃O₄(1.5)/PANI, Fe₃O₄(2.0)/PANI, and Fe₃O₄(2.5)/PANI, were developed using 4 mL aniline monomer and 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 g Fe₃O₄, respectively, and used as remediation agents with magnetic separation and regeneration capabilities. The Cd adsorption isotherms showed a better fit to the Langmuir model, with Fe₃O₄(1.5)/PANI exhibiting the highest Cd adsorption capacity of 47.62 mg g^-1 at 25 °C. Then, Fe₃O₄(1.5)/PANI was used to remediate four Cd-contaminated soils typical in China (black, brown, cinnamon, and red), all with a Cd content of 180 mg kg^-1 after spiking. The results showed that the total Cd removal efficiency was satisfactory at 25.25%–38.91% and the exchangeable Cd removal efficiency was 36.03% on average. In addition, soil basic properties did not show significant changes after remediation. Regarding the regeneration performance, a higher total Cd removal efficiency (27.89%–44.96%) was achieved after the first regeneration cycle of Fe₃O₄(1.5)/PANI. After two regeneration cycles, Fe₃O₄(1.5)/PANI exhibited decreased total Cd removal efficiency compared to after the first regeneration, but its efficiency remained above 95% of or higher than those of virgin Fe₃O₄(1.5)/PANI. The synthetic process of Fe₃O₄/PANI was simple and cost-effective, and Fe₃O₄/PANI exhibited a high Cd removal efficiency with easy recovery and recyclability. Therefore, Fe₃O₄/PANI is a promising solution for the sustainable and efficient remediation of Cd-contaminated soils, especially for the reclamation of highly contaminated development land.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49709,"journal":{"name":"Pedosphere","volume":"35 5","pages":"Pages 809-819"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}