Nursing & Health Sciences最新文献

This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed data from 2011 to 2021 across 154 countries to explore the relationship between gender equality, measured by the Gender Equality Index (GEI), female dementia incidence, and gender disparities at global and regional levels. Higher GEI scores were linked to elevated dementia incidence among women and an expanding female-male disparity, with the strongest associations observed in resource-limited countries undergoing rapid social and lifestyle transitions. Multiple regression identified GEI as the most significant predictor of both female dementia incidence and gender disparity, while economic affluence and urbanization showed no independent effects. Findings highlight a paradox: although gender equality advances women's access to education, employment, and healthcare, it may simultaneously increase exposure to dementia-related risk factors, including chronic stress, work-life imbalance, and lifestyle changes such as greater smoking and alcohol use. These results emphasize the importance of gender-sensitive public health strategies that address unintended health consequences of social progress. Interventions should prioritize stress management, workplace mental health, and lifestyle modification while accounting for disproportionate caregiving responsibilities, thereby supporting equitable cognitive health outcomes for women worldwide.

Mental health disorders are a significant concern for older adults. Technology has the potential to provide support and companionship, which may improve mental health outcomes. This pilot experimental study explored the feasibility and potential effectiveness of the Ai-Aun chatbot in enhancing mental health among older adults in Thailand. Forty-four participants were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 22) and a control group (n = 22). The experimental group interacted with the Ai-Aun avatar chatbot on an Android phone for 15 days. Mental health was assessed using the Thai Geriatric Mental Health Assessment Tool, and post-test scores were compared using ANOVA. The results showed a significant difference between the two groups, F(1, 42) = 15.85, p < 0.001, with an effect size of η² = 0.27. Satisfaction with the chatbot was notably high, with 81.8% of participants reporting ease of use and interactivity. These preliminary findings suggest that the Ai-Aun chatbot shows potential as a tool to enhance mental health among Thai older adults.

This study explores how medical and nursing students' personal bereavement experiences influence anticipated professional bereavement reactions and the mediating role of death attitudes. An online cross sectional survey was conducted with 405 medical and nursing students from Mainland China. Data included basic demographics, personal bereavement experiences within the past 2 years, death attitudes, and anticipated short-term professional bereavement reactions (anticipated SBR). Comparisons were made between students with and without bereaved experiences, and mediation pathways of "bereavement experience-death attitude-anticipated SBR" were analyzed. Students with personal bereavement scored significantly higher on overall anticipated SBR and its factors (frustration & trauma, guilt, grief, and moved). Approach acceptance partially mediated the relationship between bereavement and overall SBR, specifically influencing guilt and grief but not frustration & trauma or moved. Previous grief experiences impact anticipations about subsequent ones across different types of loss. Personal loss experiences within the past 2 years influence medical and nursing students' anticipated professional bereavement reactions by shaping death attitudes, and approach acceptance specifically mediates the relationship with expected guilt and grief.

This study aimed to determine the effects of preoperative mobilization education enhanced with the Teach-Back method on postoperative mobilization, recovery, and satisfaction in patients undergoing gynecological oncology surgery. This was a two-arm parallel-grouprandomized-controlled trial registered at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05845086) and reported according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials checklist. The study was conducted with 102 patients between September 2023 and March 2024. The Patient Mobility Scale, Observer Mobility Scale, Postoperative Recovery Index, and Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Care forms were used to collect data. The intervention group received preoperative mobilization education enhanced with the Teach-Back method, besides the usual care; however, the control group received only usual clinical care. The patients in the intervention group exhibited higher levels of mobilization, recovery status, and satisfaction with nursing care than those in the control group. Preoperative mobilization education using the Teach-Back method effectively improved the mobilization process, recovery, and satisfaction of patients undergoing gynecological oncology surgery. Nurses working in the clinic should empower patients with knowledge and use the Teach-Back method in skill-oriented patient education.

People with cognitive impairment account for ~30% of hospital admissions, commonly require invasive procedures, and are vulnerable to hospital-acquired complications. This sequential mixed methods research explored clinician approaches to procedures for patients experiencing cognitive impairment. Data were collected 2021-2022 in a 26-bed medical ward containing a secure eight-bed unit in Australia. Observational data and semi-structured interview data were analyzed using Framework Analysis and synthesized with Pillar Integration. There were 24 procedures conducted on 12 unique patients and nine clinicians were observed; 12 clinicians were interviewed. During seven (29%) procedures, patients were distressed; however, most (n = 22, 92%) were completed. Clinicians were observed to value the patient, foster familiarity and trust, engage at each step, and adopt last resort actions. Clinicians reported key strategies: knowing the individual and context, adopting known strategies, and getting it done. Three overarching themes were: (1) Creating a safe shared space for care, (2) Enabling the procedure, and (3) When things don't go to plan. Clinicians were cognizant of risks and used tacit knowledge and specific strategies to enable effective procedures. These strategies may be adopted in other settings.

This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate preoperative frailty in older adults undergoing brain tumor surgery using the laboratory-based frailty index (FI-LAB) and its association with clinical outcomes. Data were from electronic medical records of individuals aged ≥ 65 years who had brain tumor surgery between 2015 and 2022 at a general hospital in Seoul, South Korea. The FI-LAB included 26 preoperative laboratory tests and five vitality parameters. Of the 111 patients (mean age 75.4 years; 55% women; 63.1% had benign tumors), 35.1% exhibited moderate or high frailty. Moderate frailty was associated with higher hospital readmission rates (OR = 1.5; 95% CI, 1.01-1.82), and high frailty was linked to non-home discharge (OR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.03-2.99). Assessing preoperative frailty with the FI-LAB may help identify risks of readmission or non-home discharge. Future studies with larger samples are needed to validate these findings. Nurses should integrate frailty assessment into practice to improve postoperative outcomes.

Understanding the determinants influencing healthcare workers' (HCWs) behaviors is essential for promoting infection prevention and control (IPC) in Japanese nursing homes (NHs). This scoping review aimed to map IPC determinants in Japanese NHs using two behavior change frameworks and to identify research gaps. We conducted a scoping review using three databases, following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Reviewers independently screened reports, assessed eligibility, and extracted IPC behavior determinants. Extracted data were mapped and thematically analyzed using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation-Behavior model. Of 1778 records identified, 22 reports published between 2006 and 2021 met the inclusion criteria. We codified 70 determinants and generated 15 themes. Most reports addressed barriers related to limited IPC knowledge, skills, resources, and systems. Facilitators were mainly codified within motivation-related TDF domains, where an underexplored research gap was identified. Further research focusing on IPC motivation and a deeper understanding of NH contexts is important for developing context-appropriate IPC promotion strategies. A participatory approach involving NH residents and HCWs may be helpful in future research.

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is an evidence-based, multidisciplinary protocol aimed at reducing surgical stress and expediting postoperative recovery. This meta-analysis will provide a comprehensive examination of the implications of ERAS care for the quality of life (QOL) of postoperative Lung cancer (LC) patients. The literature databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials that implemented an ERAS program for adult patients with LC who underwent surgical treatment and reported QOL results. Thirty-one studies were included in the analysis. ERAS/FTS significantly improved the overall QOL of postoperative LC patients according to the Short Form-36 (SF-36) score (mean difference (MD): 8.58; 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.17, 11.00; p < 0.001). For physical functioning, the ERAS/FTS significantly improved the SF-36 score (MD: 10.45; 95% CI: 7.41, 13.50; p < 0.001). In the role-physical dimension, the ERAS/FTS nurse strategy had a significant advantage in improving the role-physical score on the SF-36 scale (MD: 10.06; 95% CI: 7.00, 13.13; p < 0.001). The ERAS has a highly positive impact on QOL in postoperative LC patients, especially in the physical functioning and role-physical dimensions.

The meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions applied to parents of children, adolescents, and young adults undergoing cancer treatment. PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, ProQuest, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to identify eligible randomized controlled trials from January 1, 2013 and April 2024. Search was limited to "parents of children, adolescent, and young adults" and "psychosocial interventions." Of 9327 articles, 21 articles met the inclusion criteria. The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (Rob2) was used. In all, 1926 parents of children with cancer were included. PROSPERO number is CRD42023446776. Psychosocial interventions demonstrated significant effects across various outcomes based on Hedge's g. They showed a moderate effect on anxiety (g = -0.538, 95% CI: [-0.941, -0.135]), a large effect on depression (g = -0.834, 95% CI: [-1.328, -0.339]), a large effect on the quality of life (g = 1.375, 95% CI: [0.367, 2.382], and a moderate effect on stress (g = -0.798, 95% CI: [-1.393, -0.203]). Consequently, psychosocial interventions applied to parents have significant effects on reducing anxiety, depression, and stress and improving the quality of life.

Nurse-led tele-interventions have great potential to enhance patient care, yet findings of efficacy in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) remain inconsistent. This study aimed to examine the effects of nurse-led tele-interventions on lipoprotein, blood pressure, self-efficacy, anxiety, and depression among patients with CHD, while exploring potential mechanisms underpinning their impact. We searched six electronic databases for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception through November 2023. Two independent authors conducted the literature search, data extraction, and quality evaluation, and finally, 13 RCTs were included. Meta-analysis revealed that nurse-led tele-interventions statistically improved low-density lipoprotein, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and self-efficacy levels. However, our study found no statistically significant impact on high-density lipoprotein, anxiety, and depression. The benefits observed in this trial may result from continued communication and support from nurses, which may be key to translating tele-interventions into clinical outcomes. These results highlighted the possible value of incorporating nurse-led tele-interventions in patient care to aid in CHD management. However, more rigorously designed RCTs are needed to further validate these findings. Trial Registration: CRD42024500288.