Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2020.05.007
S.M. Yasir Arafat , Sujita Kumar Kar , Marthoenis Marthoenis , Anish V. Cherian , Lekshmi Vimala , Russell Kabir
Background
Suicide is a major global public health problem whilst sensible media reporting in an important population-level prevention strategy.
Objectives
We reviewed the quality of media reporting of suicidal behaviors in the World Health Organization (WHO)-South-East Asia Region (SEAR) countries.
Methods
We searched and scrutinized the contents of 12 articles published from SEAR countries (5 from India, 4 from Bangladesh, one from Indonesia, one from Sri Lanka and one from Bhutan) against suicide reporting guidelines.
Results
Five out of the eleven SEAR countries, media reporting of suicide has been studied. All the studies have been carried out in the last decade with gross heterogeneity in the methods. All the articles report about poor adherence to media guidelines for suicide by most of the newspapers. Most countries in the region either lack country-specific media guidelines or poor implementation and monitoring of guidelines or both.
Conclusion
The quality of reports of suicidal behavior in the SEAR region is poor. There is a need to develop country-specific media reporting guidelines and stringent monitoring on it to improve the quality of media reporting on suicide which may be beneficial for the prevention of suicide in the region.
{"title":"Quality of media reporting of suicidal behaviors in South-East Asia","authors":"S.M. Yasir Arafat , Sujita Kumar Kar , Marthoenis Marthoenis , Anish V. Cherian , Lekshmi Vimala , Russell Kabir","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2020.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npbr.2020.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Suicide is a major global public health problem whilst sensible media reporting in an important population-level prevention strategy.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>We reviewed the quality of media reporting of suicidal behaviors in the World Health Organization (WHO)-South-East Asia Region (SEAR) countries.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We searched and scrutinized the contents of 12 articles published from SEAR countries (5 from India, 4 from Bangladesh, one from Indonesia, one from Sri Lanka and one from Bhutan) against suicide reporting guidelines.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Five out of the eleven SEAR countries, media reporting of suicide has been studied. All the studies have been carried out in the last decade with gross heterogeneity in the methods. All the articles report about poor adherence to media guidelines for suicide by most of the newspapers. Most countries in the region either lack country-specific media guidelines or poor implementation and monitoring of guidelines or both.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The quality of reports of suicidal behavior in the SEAR region is poor. There is a need to develop country-specific media reporting guidelines and stringent monitoring on it to improve the quality of media reporting on suicide which may be beneficial for the prevention of suicide in the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"37 ","pages":"Pages 21-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2020.05.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45396132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2020.06.005
Avinash Puchalapalli , Ahsan Mahmood
Objectives
Impairment of thyroid function is implicated in different neuropsychiatric manifestations. This systematic review article will examine and discuss (1) the biochemistry of thyroid hormones, including structure, synthesis, and homeostasis, (2) the neurophysiological role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in development and maintenance of a euthymic state, (3) laboratory measures of thyroid function, (4) clinical staging of hypothyroidism, and (5) neuropsychiatric comorbidities of hypothyroidism.
Data sources
Data sources include a systematic review of English articles using Ovid (1950–2018). Search terms included hypothyroidism, depression, and bipolar disorder. Additional studies were identified and added by searching references of articles in this database. Included topics focused on treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders with psychiatric drugs and adjunctive thyroid hormone replacement.
Methods
We created the database by identifying articles from multiple sources. Sources included the Ovid database, references of collected articles, and manual retrieval of articles on focused topics. Clinical information was summarized towards review objectives. We include a summary of the relevant basic sciences to enhance a thorough review.
Results
We found use of adjunctive treatment with thyroid hormone an acceptable approach to treating treatment-refractory or otherwise atypical presentations of mood and cognitive disorders. Given the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in subclinical hyperthyroidism and the severity and treatment-resistant symptoms, clinicians should rule out thyroid disorders in presentations of a mood disorder. Clinicians should consider an endocrine disruption in psychiatric patients whose mood symptoms remain treatment-refractory.
Limitations
The article does not discuss hyperthyroidism, which may predicate episodes of hypothyroidism in patients. Only articles with English-language abstract or full text were included. No quantitative synthesis is included as no meta-analysis was conducted. Risks of bias across studies include publication bias and selective reporting.
Conclusions
Hypothyroidism should be investigated in patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms of mood disorders. Adjunctive thyroid hormone treatment should be considered as a possible option for patients with refractory mood disorders.
{"title":"Neuropsychiatric comorbidities in hypothyroidism: A systematic review","authors":"Avinash Puchalapalli , Ahsan Mahmood","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2020.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npbr.2020.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Impairment of thyroid function is implicated in different neuropsychiatric manifestations. This systematic review article will examine and discuss (1) the biochemistry of thyroid hormones, including structure, synthesis, and homeostasis, (2) the neurophysiological role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in development and maintenance of a euthymic state, (3) laboratory measures of thyroid function, (4) clinical staging of hypothyroidism, and (5) neuropsychiatric comorbidities of hypothyroidism.</p></div><div><h3>Data sources</h3><p>Data sources include a systematic review of English articles using Ovid (1950–2018). Search terms included hypothyroidism, depression, and bipolar disorder. Additional studies were identified and added by searching references of articles in this database. Included topics focused on treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders with psychiatric drugs and adjunctive thyroid hormone replacement.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We created the database by identifying articles from multiple sources. Sources included the Ovid database, references of collected articles, and manual retrieval of articles on focused topics. Clinical information was summarized towards review objectives. We include a summary of the relevant basic sciences to enhance a thorough review.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found use of adjunctive treatment with thyroid hormone an acceptable approach to treating treatment-refractory or otherwise atypical presentations of mood and cognitive disorders. Given the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in subclinical hyperthyroidism and the severity and treatment-resistant symptoms, clinicians should rule out thyroid disorders in presentations of a mood disorder. Clinicians should consider an endocrine disruption in psychiatric patients whose mood symptoms remain treatment-refractory.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The article does not discuss hyperthyroidism, which may predicate episodes of hypothyroidism in patients. Only articles with English-language abstract or full text were included. No quantitative synthesis is included as no meta-analysis was conducted. Risks of bias across studies include publication bias and selective reporting.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Hypothyroidism should be investigated in patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms of mood disorders. Adjunctive thyroid hormone treatment should be considered as a possible option for patients with refractory mood disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"37 ","pages":"Pages 79-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2020.06.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45701934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2020.06.007
Semra Etyemez , Ayman Saleh , Jane E. Hamilton , Anson J. Koshy , Jocelyn E. Abraham , Salih Selek
Aims
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a disabling psychiatric disorder. About half of the ASD patients present with comorbid psychiatric disorders and may require inpatient psychiatric hospitalization during illness exacerbation (Munesue et al., 2008). The present study examines the prevalence of co-existing psychiatric disorders among adult ASD patients admitted to a psychiatric safety-net hospital.
Methods
Patients admitted to UT Health Harris County Psychiatric Center between January 2012-December 2013 were enrolled (HSC-MS-14-0274) to the study. Patients diagnosed with ASD based on ICD-9 criteria were identified, and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, including admission diagnoses, were documented. Patients diagnosed with ASD were then divided into three groups based on major admitting diagnosis (mood, psychosis, and other diagnoses) based upon ICD-9 criteria.
Results
Of 14,253 inpatients, 72 were diagnosed as ASD. 61.1 % of ASD patients had an admitting diagnosis of any mood disorders, 18.1 % with a co-morbid psychotic spectrum disorder, and 20.8 % with other co-morbid admitting disorders. Major diagnostic groups differed significantly for ASD and non-ASD patients (X2= 540.247, p < 0.001). Patients diagnosed with ASD also had significantly higher readmission rates compared to non-ASD patients (X2= 0.026, p < 0.026).
Conclusions
96.6 % of patients with ASD had a primary psychiatric disorder at admission, and the most common disorder was a mood disorder (61.1 %). Increased readmission rates among adult ASD patients may indicate a higher severity of their condition than those not diagnosed with ASD.
自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种致残性精神障碍。大约一半的ASD患者存在共病性精神障碍，在病情加重期间可能需要住院精神科治疗(Munesue et al.， 2008)。本研究调查了在一家精神病安全网医院住院的成年ASD患者中共存精神疾病的患病率。方法纳入2012年1月至2013年12月在UT健康哈里斯县精神病学中心入院的患者(HSC-MS-14-0274)。根据ICD-9标准诊断为ASD的患者被确定，并记录社会人口学和临床特征，包括入院诊断。诊断为ASD的患者根据ICD-9标准的主要入院诊断(情绪、精神病和其他诊断)分为三组。结果14253例住院患者中，有72例诊断为ASD。61.1%的ASD患者有任何情绪障碍的入院诊断，18.1%的患者有共病精神谱系障碍，20.8%的患者有其他共病入院障碍。ASD与非ASD患者的主要诊断组差异有统计学意义(X2 = 540.247, p <0.001)。诊断为ASD的患者再入院率也显著高于非ASD患者(X2 = 0.026, p <结论96.6%的ASD患者入院时存在原发性精神障碍，其中以心境障碍最为常见(61.1%)。成年ASD患者再入院率的增加可能表明他们的病情比未诊断为ASD的患者更严重。
{"title":"Higher prevalence of mood disorders in admitted patients with autism","authors":"Semra Etyemez , Ayman Saleh , Jane E. Hamilton , Anson J. Koshy , Jocelyn E. Abraham , Salih Selek","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2020.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npbr.2020.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><p>Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a disabling psychiatric disorder. About half of the ASD patients present with comorbid psychiatric disorders and may require inpatient psychiatric hospitalization during illness exacerbation (<span>Munesue et al., 2008</span>). The present study examines the prevalence of co-existing psychiatric disorders among adult ASD patients admitted to a psychiatric safety-net hospital.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Patients admitted to UT Health Harris County Psychiatric Center between January 2012-December 2013 were enrolled (HSC-MS-14-0274) to the study. Patients diagnosed with ASD based on ICD-9 criteria were identified, and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, including admission diagnoses, were documented. Patients diagnosed with ASD were then divided into three groups based on major admitting diagnosis (mood, psychosis, and other diagnoses) based upon ICD-9 criteria.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of 14,253 inpatients, 72 were diagnosed as ASD. 61.1 % of ASD patients had an admitting diagnosis of any mood disorders, 18.1 % with a co-morbid psychotic spectrum disorder, and 20.8 % with other co-morbid admitting disorders. Major diagnostic groups differed significantly for ASD and non-ASD patients (<em>X</em><sup>2</sup> <em>= 540.247, p < 0.001</em>). Patients diagnosed with ASD also had significantly higher readmission rates compared to non-ASD patients (<em>X</em><sup>2</sup> <em>= 0.026, p < 0.026</em>).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>96.6 % of patients with ASD had a primary psychiatric disorder at admission, and the most common disorder was a mood disorder (61.1 %). Increased readmission rates among adult ASD patients may indicate a higher severity of their condition than those not diagnosed with ASD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"37 ","pages":"Pages 87-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2020.06.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45591031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2020.05.002
Micaela V. McCall , Patricio Riva-Posse , Steven J. Garlow , Helen S. Mayberg , Andrea L. Crowell
Background
Traditional rating scales for depression rely heavily on patient self-report, and lack detailed measurement of non-verbal behavior. However, there is evidence that depression is associated with distinct non-verbal behaviors, assessment of which may provide useful information about recovery. This study examines non-verbal behavior in a sample of patients receiving Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) treatment of depression, with the purpose to investigate the relationship between non-verbal behaviors and reported symptom severity.
Methods
Videotaped clinical interviews of twelve patients participating in a study of DBS for treatment-resistant depression were analyzed at three time points (before treatment and after 3 months and 6 months of treatment), using an ethogram to assess the frequencies of 42 non-verbal behaviors. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) were also collected at all time points.
Results
Factor analysis grouped non-verbal behaviors into three factors: react, engage/fidget, and disengage. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that scores on the three factors change differently from each other over time. Mixed effects modelling assessed the relationship between BDI score and frequency of non-verbal behaviors, and provided evidence that the frequency of behaviors related to reactivity and engagement increase as BDI score decreases.
Limitations
This study assesses a narrow sample of patients with a distinct clinical profile at limited time points.
Conclusions
Non-verbal behavior provides information about clinical states and may be reliably quantified using ethograms. Non-verbal behavior may provide distinct information compared to self-report.
{"title":"Analyzing non-verbal behavior throughout recovery in a sample of depressed patients receiving deep brain stimulation","authors":"Micaela V. McCall , Patricio Riva-Posse , Steven J. Garlow , Helen S. Mayberg , Andrea L. Crowell","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2020.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npbr.2020.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Traditional rating scales for depression rely heavily on patient self-report, and lack detailed measurement of non-verbal behavior. However, there is evidence that depression is associated with distinct non-verbal behaviors, assessment of which may provide useful information about recovery. This study examines non-verbal behavior in a sample of patients receiving Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) treatment of depression, with the purpose to investigate the relationship between non-verbal behaviors and reported symptom severity.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Videotaped clinical interviews of twelve patients participating in a study of DBS for treatment-resistant depression were analyzed at three time points (before treatment and after 3 months and 6 months of treatment), using an ethogram to assess the frequencies of 42 non-verbal behaviors. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) were also collected at all time points.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Factor analysis grouped non-verbal behaviors into three factors: <em>react, engage/fidget,</em> and <em>disengage.</em> Two-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that scores on the three factors change differently from each other over time. Mixed effects modelling assessed the relationship between BDI score and frequency of non-verbal behaviors, and provided evidence that the frequency of behaviors related to reactivity and engagement increase as BDI score decreases.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>This study assesses a narrow sample of patients with a distinct clinical profile at limited time points.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Non-verbal behavior provides information about clinical states and may be reliably quantified using ethograms. Non-verbal behavior may provide distinct information compared to self-report.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"37 ","pages":"Pages 33-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2020.05.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38182628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parents’ mental health can be impacted by sleep problems experienced by children diagnosed with ADHD. This study aimed to investigate the effect of group-based behavioral parent training (BPT) related to sleep problems of children with ADHD on parents’ mental health.
Methods
A parallel randomized controlled trial design was used in this study. Participants included 58 parents of school-age children with ADHD who had at least one sleep problem and who were known to medical services in a psychiatric clinic in Rasht city, Iran. Participants were randomly allocated to the intervention or control groups equally. Participants in the intervention group received a 5-week BPT intervention program related to sleep problems of ADHD children including 3 sessions group-based training and 2 telephone follow-up. Data were collected before and two months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics via the SPSS software.
Results
The findings revealed two months after the intervention, participants in the intervention group had a significant improvement in the anxiety (p = 0.01) and stress (p = 0.02) levels compared to the control group.
Conclusion
The results suggest that group-based BPT related to sleep problems of children with ADHD could be an effective strategy in improving parents' mental health.
{"title":"The effect of behavioral parent training of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on parents’ mental health","authors":"Mahboobeh Mehri , Minoo Mitra Chehrzad , Maryam Maleki , Maryam Kousha , Elham Akhlaghi , Abbas Mardani","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2020.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npbr.2020.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Parents’ mental health can be impacted by sleep problems experienced by children diagnosed with ADHD. This study aimed to investigate the effect of group-based behavioral parent training (BPT) related to sleep problems of children with ADHD on parents’ mental health.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A parallel randomized controlled trial design was used in this study. Participants included 58 parents of school-age children with ADHD who had at least one sleep problem and who were known to medical services in a psychiatric clinic in Rasht city, Iran. Participants were randomly allocated to the intervention or control groups equally. Participants in the intervention group received a 5-week BPT intervention program related to sleep problems of ADHD children including 3 sessions group-based training and 2 telephone follow-up. Data were collected before and two months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics via the SPSS software.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The findings revealed two months after the intervention, participants in the intervention group had a significant improvement in the anxiety (p = 0.01) and stress (p = 0.02) levels compared to the control group.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The results suggest that group-based BPT related to sleep problems of children with ADHD could be an effective strategy in improving parents' mental health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"37 ","pages":"Pages 53-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2020.06.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43346491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2020.07.003
Ahmad S. Alzahrani , Yasemin Y. Demiroz , Amal S. Alabdulwahab , Redha A. Alshareef , Ahmad S. Badri , Basmah A. Alharbi , Hassan S. Tawakkul , Kholoud M. Aljaed
Objectives
To examine the accuracy of an Arabic version of the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) in predicting depression in cancer patients.
Methods
Cancer patients were recruited from a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia. After completing the PHQ-9, they were interviewed for demographics, clinical background and the major depressive episode (MDE) assessment of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) scale.
Results
Out of the 407 recruited patients, 60 (14.7 %) patients were found to have current MDE based on the MINI. The psychometric assessment of PHQ-9 showed an acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.798) and excellent performance for the area under the curve (0.91, 95 % confidence internal [CI], 0.88 – 0.95). Based on the Youden index, a score of ≥ 9 provided the optimum cutoff score with a sensitivity of 88 % (95 % CI, 77 %–95 %), a specificity of 80 % (95 % CI, 75 %–84 %), a positive predictive value of 43 %, and a negative predictive value of 98 %.
Limitations
The study was carried out at one center where the sample might not be representative to all cancer patients in Saudi Arabia. Also, detailed clinical information was not collected.
Conclusions
The PHQ-9 with a cutoff score of ≥ 9 performed well in identifying MDE in Arabic-speaking cancer patients and could be considered as a suitable instrument for this population.
{"title":"The diagnostic accuracy of the 9-item patient health questionnaire as a depression screening instrument in Arabic-speaking cancer patients","authors":"Ahmad S. Alzahrani , Yasemin Y. Demiroz , Amal S. Alabdulwahab , Redha A. Alshareef , Ahmad S. Badri , Basmah A. Alharbi , Hassan S. Tawakkul , Kholoud M. Aljaed","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2020.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npbr.2020.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To examine the accuracy of an Arabic version of the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) in predicting depression in cancer patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Cancer patients were recruited from a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia. After completing the PHQ-9, they were interviewed for demographics, clinical background and the major depressive episode (MDE) assessment of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) scale.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Out of the 407 recruited patients, 60 (14.7 %) patients were found to have current MDE based on the MINI. The psychometric assessment of PHQ-9 showed an acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.798) and excellent performance for the area under the curve (0.91, 95 % confidence internal [CI], 0.88 – 0.95). Based on the Youden index, a score of ≥ 9 provided the optimum cutoff score with a sensitivity of 88 % (95 % CI, 77 %–95 %), a specificity of 80 % (95 % CI, 75 %–84 %), a positive predictive value of 43 %, and a negative predictive value of 98 %.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The study was carried out at one center where the sample might not be representative to all cancer patients in Saudi Arabia. Also, detailed clinical information was not collected.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The PHQ-9 with a cutoff score of ≥ 9 performed well in identifying MDE in Arabic-speaking cancer patients and could be considered as a suitable instrument for this population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"37 ","pages":"Pages 110-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2020.07.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42656907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Internet use has increased exponentially over the past two decades, and problematic internet use has become a problem worldwide. Considering the paucity of literature in the Nepalese context, we aimed to explore this entity and its correlates among undergraduate medical students in Nepal.
Methodology
This is an online cross-sectional survey among 166 students pursuing the undergraduate course at a medical school in Nepal. The tools used for assessment were semi-structured proforma (basic demographic and internet use pattern), a brief version of Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale-2 (GPIUS2), Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form and Academic Justice Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis (bivariate analysis followed by multiple linear regression) was performed.
Results
The mean age of the study sample was 21.93 ± 2.45 years, with males outnumbering the females. Out of a total of 166 students, 53 students (31.9 %) scored higher than 40 on GPIUS2 indicating problematic internet use. The male gender, lesser duration of weekly physical or sports activity, lower life satisfaction, and presence of self-perceived mental health disorder or problems were significantly associated with higher GPIUS2 scores, indicating an increased risk of having problematic internet use.
Conclusion
The present study highlights the different correlates of problematic internet use among medical school students in the Nepalese context. Further studies should be conducted in representative samples from Nepal with a more robust methodology to confirm the findings of the present study.
{"title":"An online survey of problematic internet use and its correlates among undergraduate medical students of Nepal","authors":"Pawan Sharma , Rabi Shakya , Swarndeep Singh , Yatan Pal Singh Balhara","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2020.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npbr.2020.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Internet use has increased exponentially over the past two decades, and problematic internet use has become a problem worldwide. Considering the paucity of literature in the Nepalese context, we aimed to explore this entity and its correlates among undergraduate medical students in Nepal.</p></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><p>This is an online cross-sectional survey among 166 students pursuing the undergraduate course at a medical school in Nepal. The tools used for assessment were semi-structured proforma (basic demographic and internet use pattern), a brief version of Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale-2 (GPIUS2), Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form and Academic Justice Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis (bivariate analysis followed by multiple linear regression) was performed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The mean age of the study sample was 21.93 ± 2.45 years, with males outnumbering the females. Out of a total of 166 students, 53 students (31.9 %) scored higher than 40 on GPIUS2 indicating problematic internet use. The male gender, lesser duration of weekly physical or sports activity, lower life satisfaction, and presence of self-perceived mental health disorder or problems were significantly associated with higher GPIUS2 scores, indicating an increased risk of having problematic internet use.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The present study highlights the different correlates of problematic internet use among medical school students in the Nepalese context. Further studies should be conducted in representative samples from Nepal with a more robust methodology to confirm the findings of the present study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"37 ","pages":"Pages 95-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2020.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46460584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2020.05.004
Rachel Michelle Shugart, Nicolas Poupore, Robyn A. Moraney, Mandy Tate, Kola George, Katherine S. Brown, Thomas Nathaniel
Background
This study aims to identify predictors of improvement or deficit progression in ischemic stroke patients with pre-stroke depression and to evaluate the impact of identified predictors on pre-ischemic stroke depressed patients that received thrombolytic therapy.
Methods
We performed logistic regression analysis to determine demographic and clinical risk factors that are independently associated with clinical improvement or deficits in ischemic stroke patients with pre-stroke depression that received thrombolytic therapy. Multicollinearity effect in the regression models was controlled using variance inflation factors and the fitness of the models was determined using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test.
Results
A total of 5469 ischemic stroke patients were identified of which 4748 patients were not diagnosed with depression while 721 were diagnosed with pre-stroke depression. After controlling for all variables with multivariate analysis, we found that the female gender (OR = 2.545, 95 % CI, 1.167–5.553, P = 0.019), coronary artery disease (OR = 2.935, 95 % CI, 1.296–6.645, P = 0.01), heart rate (OR = 1.025, 95 % CI, 1.001–1.049, P = 0.044), and improvement in ambulation (OR = 2.161, 95 % CI, 1.076–4.343, P = 0.03) were associated with neurological deficits while antidepressant medication (OR = 0.226, 95 % CI, 0.075‐0.686, P = 0.009), and direct admission (OR = 0.212, 95 % CI, 0.071‐0.636, P = 0.006) were associated with improvements in pre-stroke depressed patients who received recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA).
Conclusions
Our findings indicate that neurological deficits or improvements in hemispheric ischemic stroke patients with pre-stroke depression are associated with baseline stroke severity and that a stratification based on NIHSS scores.
{"title":"Improvements and deficits progression among ischemic stroke patients with pre-stroke depression and thrombolytic therapy","authors":"Rachel Michelle Shugart, Nicolas Poupore, Robyn A. Moraney, Mandy Tate, Kola George, Katherine S. Brown, Thomas Nathaniel","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2020.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npbr.2020.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study aims to identify predictors of improvement or deficit progression in ischemic stroke patients with pre-stroke depression and to evaluate the impact of identified predictors on pre-ischemic stroke depressed patients that received thrombolytic therapy.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We performed logistic regression analysis to determine demographic and clinical risk factors that are independently associated with clinical improvement or deficits in ischemic stroke patients with pre-stroke depression that received thrombolytic therapy. Multicollinearity effect in the regression models was controlled using variance inflation factors and the fitness of the models was determined using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 5469 ischemic stroke patients were identified of which 4748 patients were not diagnosed with depression while 721 were diagnosed with pre-stroke depression. After controlling for all variables with multivariate analysis, we found that the female gender (OR = 2.545, 95 % CI, 1.167–5.553, P = 0.019), coronary artery disease (OR = 2.935, 95 % CI, 1.296–6.645, P = 0.01), heart rate (OR = 1.025, 95 % CI, 1.001–1.049, P = 0.044), and improvement in ambulation (OR = 2.161, 95 % CI, 1.076–4.343, P = 0.03) were associated with neurological deficits while antidepressant medication (OR = 0.226, 95 % CI, 0.075‐0.686, P = 0.009), and direct admission (OR = 0.212, 95 % CI, 0.071‐0.636, P = 0.006) were associated with improvements in pre-stroke depressed patients who received recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings indicate that neurological deficits or improvements in hemispheric ischemic stroke patients with pre-stroke depression are associated with baseline stroke severity and that a stratification based on NIHSS scores.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"37 ","pages":"Pages 43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2020.05.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49432140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2020.05.001
David M. Brush, Daniel Paulson, Manuel J. Herrera Legon, Nicholas T. James, Jennifer A. Scheurich, Brittany L. Stevenson, Robert D. Dvorak
Background
Sleep disturbance relates to depressive symptom endorsement. The mechanisms relating these variables are not clearly elucidated, though inhibitory control and rumination are believed to play key roles. The current study aims to elucidate the relationship between sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms by examining the moderated mediating effect of inhibitory control and rumination.
Methods
The sample included 41 community-dwelling older adults (age 70 and older). Measures included the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Inventory, a stroop task (inhibitory control), the Ruminative Responses Scale, and the Geriatric Depression Scale. A series of bootstrapped models were employed to test hypotheses using a stepped approach.
Results
Worse sleep disturbance was associated with higher rumination and depressive symptoms; however, these associations were no longer significant among older adults with higher inhibitory control. The association between sleep disturbance and depression was fully attenuated by rumination, and inhibitory control significantly moderated the association between sleep disturbance and rumination in the final model.
Limitations
The smaller cross-sectional nature of the study as well as the restricted demographics of the participants (i.e., highly educated and primarily White) were the primary limitations of the study.
Conclusion
Among community-dwelling older adults, the association between sleep disturbance and depression is mediated by rumination, and this effect is mitigated by inhibitory control. As such, these findings suggest that inhibitory control may be a relevant target for intervention in older adults with poor sleep quality, rumination, and depressive symptoms.
{"title":"Sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms in later-life: Cross-sectional examination of cognitive mechanisms","authors":"David M. Brush, Daniel Paulson, Manuel J. Herrera Legon, Nicholas T. James, Jennifer A. Scheurich, Brittany L. Stevenson, Robert D. Dvorak","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2020.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npbr.2020.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sleep disturbance relates to depressive symptom endorsement. The mechanisms relating these variables are not clearly elucidated, though inhibitory control and rumination are believed to play key roles. The current study aims to elucidate the relationship between sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms by examining the moderated mediating effect of inhibitory control and rumination.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The sample included 41 community-dwelling older adults (age 70 and older). Measures included the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Inventory, a stroop task<span> (inhibitory control), the Ruminative Responses Scale, and the Geriatric Depression Scale. A series of bootstrapped models were employed to test hypotheses using a stepped approach.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Worse sleep disturbance was associated with higher rumination and depressive symptoms; however, these associations were no longer significant among older adults with higher inhibitory control. The association between sleep disturbance and depression was fully attenuated by rumination, and inhibitory control significantly moderated the association between sleep disturbance and rumination in the final model.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The smaller cross-sectional nature of the study as well as the restricted demographics of the participants (i.e., highly educated and primarily White) were the primary limitations of the study.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Among community-dwelling older adults, the association between sleep disturbance and depression is mediated by rumination, and this effect is mitigated by inhibitory control. As such, these findings suggest that inhibitory control may be a relevant target for intervention in older adults with poor sleep quality, rumination, and depressive symptoms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"37 ","pages":"Pages 6-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2020.05.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42132512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the etiology of Alzheimer's disease, the free radicals and Brain cholinergic system function, play a key role. The antioxidant compounds may well be effective in improving this disease. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effects of ginseng on the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer’s disease in a rat model.
Methods
56 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) Alzheimer’s without treatment, (3) Alzheimer’s under post-treatment (ginseng, 200 mg/kg/day) for three weeks, and (4) Alzheimer's under pre and post-treatment from one week before induction of Alzheimer's to three weeks after that. To induce Alzheimer's disease 1.5 mg/kg of streptozotocin was injected into both lateral ventricles of the brain. Three weeks after induction, the rats' behavioral tests were applied in all groups. Glutathione peroxidase, Glutathione reductase, Total antioxidant capacity, Malondialdehyde, and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor were measured using commercial kits. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test.
Results
Learning and memory, antioxidant defenses, and BDNF showed a significant decrease after the onset of Alzheimer's induction compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Pre and post-treatment of the Alzheimer animals with ginseng significantly improved their learning and memory, antioxidant defenses, and BDNF levels (p < 0.05) compared with the Alzheimer animals without treatment.
Conclusion
Based on our results, pre and post-treatment with ginseng have protective effects against Alzheimer -induced learning and memory impairment. The effects of ginseng may be mediated through an increase in BDNF and antioxidants levels in the hippocampus region of the brain.
{"title":"☆Protective effects of ginseng on memory and learning and prevention of hippocampal oxidative damage in streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's in a rat model","authors":"Fatemeh Fereidooni , Gholamreza Komeili , Hamed Fanaei , Tahereh Safari , Sadegh Khorrami , Abdurrashid Khazaei Feizabad","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2020.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npbr.2020.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In the etiology of Alzheimer's disease, the free radicals and Brain cholinergic system function, play a key role. The antioxidant compounds may well be effective in improving this disease. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effects of ginseng on the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer’s disease in a rat model.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>56 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) Alzheimer’s without treatment, (3) Alzheimer’s under post-treatment (ginseng, 200 mg/kg/day) for three weeks, and (4) Alzheimer's under pre and post-treatment from one week before induction of Alzheimer's to three weeks after that. To induce Alzheimer's disease 1.5 mg/kg of streptozotocin was injected into both lateral ventricles of the brain. Three weeks after induction, the rats' behavioral tests were applied in all groups. Glutathione peroxidase, Glutathione reductase, Total antioxidant capacity, Malondialdehyde, and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor were measured using commercial kits. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Learning and memory, antioxidant defenses, and BDNF showed a significant decrease after the onset of Alzheimer's induction compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Pre and post-treatment of the Alzheimer animals with ginseng significantly improved their learning and memory, antioxidant defenses, and BDNF levels (p < 0.05) compared with the Alzheimer animals without treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Based on our results, pre and post-treatment with ginseng have protective effects against Alzheimer -induced learning and memory impairment. The effects of ginseng may be mediated through an increase in BDNF and antioxidants levels in the hippocampus region of the brain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"37 ","pages":"Pages 116-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2020.08.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44041160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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