Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research最新文献_第7页

Neurotoxic effects of phenytoin on primary culture of hippocampal neurons: Neural development retardation 苯妥英对海马神经元原代培养的神经毒性作用:神经发育迟缓

Q3 Medicine

Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research

Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2020.03.001

Arezu Marefat, Leila Sadeghi

Objectives

Ions are key regulators of the morphogenesis, dendritogenesis and development of neurons therefore drugs that perturb ion homeostasis are associated with high risk of mental retardation, intellectual disability and even abortion of fetus. Phenytoin (PHT) is an antiepileptic drug which regulates ion influx especially Ca²⁺ and Na⁺ and widely prescribed to pregnant women suffer from epilepsy. This study aimed to investigate neurodevelopmental features of primary culture of hippocampal cells such as morphology, dendritogenesis, cytotoxicity and cell death in the presence and absence of PHT.

Methods

Primary culture of hippocampal neurons from neonatal rat was treated by 25 and 50 μg/ml of PHT and morphological development was evaluated during the 14 days. Arborization of neurons during the time was monitored by light microscopy. MTT assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) penetrating test also assessed PHT imposed cytotoxicity.

Results

Our results confirmed high dose of PHT could cause excessive cell death in neural cells. PHT exposing causes morphological abnormalities in hippocampal neurons such as shrieked cell body or thick and short dendrite. PHT also prevents branching of dendrites and induces LDH leakage that refers to cytotoxicity.

Discussion

By considering the Ca²⁺ and Na⁺ important roles in cell development process, PHT affect neural shape and arborization rate. It could retard neural development and lead neurons to the cell death. PHT is an anticonvulsant that prescribed to pregnant women so could disrupt brain development and increase the risk of mental retardation in newborn children.

目的:离子是神经元形态发生、树突发生和发育的关键调控因子，因此，扰乱离子稳态的药物与智力发育迟滞、智力残疾甚至胎儿流产的高风险相关。苯妥英(Phenytoin, PHT)是一种抗癫痫药物，可调节Ca2+和Na+离子的内流，广泛用于癫痫孕妇。本研究旨在探讨PHT存在和不存在情况下海马细胞原代培养的形态学、树突发生、细胞毒性和细胞死亡等神经发育特征。方法用25、50 μg/ml PHT对新生大鼠海马神经元进行原代培养，观察14 d后海马神经元的形态发育情况。光镜下观察这段时间内神经元的树突情况。MTT试验和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)穿透试验也评估了PHT施加的细胞毒性。结果高剂量PHT可引起神经细胞过度死亡。PHT暴露导致海马神经元细胞体尖啸、树突粗短等形态学异常。PHT还能阻止树突分支并诱导LDH渗漏，即细胞毒性。考虑到Ca2+和Na+在细胞发育过程中的重要作用，PHT影响神经形态和树杈速率。它会阻碍神经发育，导致神经元细胞死亡。PHT是一种给孕妇开的抗惊厥药，因此可能会破坏大脑发育，增加新生儿智力迟钝的风险。

{"title":"Neurotoxic effects of phenytoin on primary culture of hippocampal neurons: Neural development retardation","authors":"Arezu Marefat, Leila Sadeghi","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2020.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npbr.2020.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Ions are key regulators of the morphogenesis, dendritogenesis and development of neurons therefore drugs that perturb ion homeostasis are associated with high risk of mental retardation, intellectual disability and even abortion of fetus. Phenytoin (PHT) is an antiepileptic drug which regulates ion influx especially Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> and widely prescribed to pregnant women suffer from epilepsy. This study aimed to investigate neurodevelopmental features of primary culture of hippocampal cells such as morphology, dendritogenesis, cytotoxicity and cell death in the presence and absence of PHT.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Primary culture of hippocampal neurons from neonatal rat was treated by 25 and 50 μg/ml of PHT and morphological development was evaluated during the 14 days. Arborization of neurons during the time was monitored by light microscopy. MTT assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) penetrating test also assessed PHT imposed cytotoxicity.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our results confirmed high dose of PHT could cause excessive cell death in neural cells. PHT exposing causes morphological abnormalities in hippocampal neurons such as shrieked cell body or thick and short dendrite. PHT also prevents branching of dendrites and induces LDH leakage that refers to cytotoxicity.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>By considering the Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> important roles in cell development process, PHT affect neural shape and arborization rate. It could retard neural development and lead neurons to the cell death. PHT is an anticonvulsant that prescribed to pregnant women so could disrupt brain development and increase the risk of mental retardation in newborn children.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages 52-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2020.03.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90428202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The effectiveness of interventions to reduce excessive mobile device usage among adolescents: A systematic review 减少青少年过度使用移动设备的干预措施的有效性:一项系统综述

Q3 Medicine

Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research

Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2019.11.002

Saoirse Mac Cárthaigh

Introduction

Excessive mobile device usage has been linked to poor sleep quality and quantity and impaired mental health among adolescents. In light of these findings, a systematic review was conducted to determine the most effective interventions to reduce excessive mobile device usage.

Methods

After a comprehensive search of academic databases, five studies were found to meet this review’s inclusion and exclusion criteria. These studies were then evaluated for methodological quality, methodological relevance and relevance to the current research question.

Results

This systematic review found compelling evidence for the effectiveness of application-based interventions for excessive mobile device use. However, to date, the evidence for the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions appears weak.

Discussion

Application-based interventions leveraged the need for social validation and the powerful reinforcement of notifications to encourage mobile device use-limiting behaviours. The implications of the findings are discussed and directions for future research are provided. The findings of this review have limited generalizability until further research is conducted outside of the South Korean context.

过度使用移动设备与青少年睡眠质量和睡眠时间差以及心理健康受损有关。鉴于这些发现，进行了系统回顾，以确定减少过度使用移动设备的最有效干预措施。方法在对学术数据库进行全面检索后，发现5项研究符合本综述的纳入和排除标准。然后对这些研究的方法学质量、方法学相关性和与当前研究问题的相关性进行评估。结果:本系统综述发现了基于应用程序的干预过度使用移动设备的有效性的有力证据。然而，迄今为止，治疗干预措施有效性的证据似乎很薄弱。基于应用程序的干预利用了社会验证的需求和通知的强大强化，以鼓励限制移动设备使用的行为。讨论了研究结果的意义，并提出了未来研究的方向。在韩国以外的地区进行进一步研究之前，本综述的发现具有有限的普遍性。

{"title":"The effectiveness of interventions to reduce excessive mobile device usage among adolescents: A systematic review","authors":"Saoirse Mac Cárthaigh","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Excessive mobile device usage has been linked to poor sleep quality and quantity and impaired mental health among adolescents. In light of these findings, a systematic review was conducted to determine the most effective interventions to reduce excessive mobile device usage.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>After a comprehensive search of academic databases, five studies were found to meet this review’s inclusion and exclusion criteria. These studies were then evaluated for methodological quality, methodological relevance and relevance to the current research question.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>This systematic review found compelling evidence for the effectiveness of application-based interventions for excessive mobile device use. However, to date, the evidence for the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions appears weak.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Application-based interventions leveraged the need for social validation and the powerful reinforcement of notifications to encourage mobile device use-limiting behaviours. The implications of the findings are discussed and directions for future research are provided. The findings of this review have limited generalizability until further research is conducted outside of the South Korean context.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 29-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2019.11.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44296111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

A study on patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder from Eastern India 东印度视神经脊髓炎患者的研究

Q3 Medicine

Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research

Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2019.12.003

Soumava Mukherjee, Gautam Guha, Manoj Roy, Sinjan Ghosh, Shankar Prasad Saha

Background

To study the clinical presentation and response to immunosuppressives in patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) in a tertiary care hospital of eastern India.

Results

There was a female preponderance of the disease (6.5:1) with mean age of disease onset 26.6 years. Isolated ON was the most common presentation at disease onset (60 %). Among motor symptoms at disease onset, only quadriparesis predicted a worse EDSS outcome at last follow up (p = 0.003). Visual acuity ≤6/60 and bilateral involvement was more common in the seropositive patients than in seronegative patients. Anti MOG Antibody was tested in 64.2 % of seronegative patients and was negative. Rituximab was most effective in preventing relapses (no relapses) followed by azathioprine (reduction of ARR of 90.1 %) and mycophenolate (reduction of ARR of 58.6 %). Also the reduction in median EDSS score and median FSS score for vision was greatest for the patients who received rituximab (52.9 % and 33.3 % respectively).

Conclusion

Relapsing course of the disease was frequently observed with isolated optic neuritis being the most common symptom at disease onset. Among the motor features only quadriparesis at disease onset predicted a worse disease outcome. Rituximab was most effective in reducing the median EDSS score on follow up and preventing relapse.

研究印度东部一家三级医院视谱神经脊髓炎(NMOSD)患者的临床表现和对免疫抑制剂的反应。结果本病以女性为主(6.5:1)，平均发病年龄26.6岁。孤立性ON是发病时最常见的表现(60%)。在疾病发病时的运动症状中，只有四肢瘫预示着最后随访时EDSS结果更差(p = 0.003)。血清阳性患者视力≤6/60，双侧受累较血清阴性患者多见。64.2%血清阴性患者检测抗MOG抗体，结果为阴性。利妥昔单抗预防复发最有效(无复发)，其次是硫唑嘌呤(ARR降低90.1%)和霉酚酸酯(ARR降低58.6%)。此外，接受利妥昔单抗治疗的患者视力的中位EDSS评分和中位FSS评分下降幅度最大(分别为52.9%和33.3%)。结论本病复发多，发病时以孤立性视神经炎为最常见症状。在运动特征中，只有发病时的四肢瘫预示着更糟糕的疾病结局。利妥昔单抗在降低随访EDSS中位评分和预防复发方面最有效。

{"title":"A study on patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder from Eastern India","authors":"Soumava Mukherjee, Gautam Guha, Manoj Roy, Sinjan Ghosh, Shankar Prasad Saha","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>To study the clinical presentation and response to immunosuppressives in patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) in a tertiary care hospital of eastern India.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There was a female preponderance of the disease (6.5:1) with mean age of disease onset 26.6 years. Isolated ON was the most common presentation at disease onset (60 %). Among motor symptoms at disease onset, only quadriparesis predicted a worse EDSS outcome at last follow up (p = 0.003). Visual acuity ≤6/60 and bilateral involvement was more common in the seropositive patients than in seronegative patients. Anti MOG Antibody was tested in 64.2 % of seronegative patients and was negative. Rituximab was most effective in preventing relapses (no relapses) followed by azathioprine (reduction of ARR of 90.1 %) and mycophenolate (reduction of ARR of 58.6 %). Also the reduction in median EDSS score and median FSS score for vision was greatest for the patients who received rituximab (52.9 % and 33.3 % respectively).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Relapsing course of the disease was frequently observed with isolated optic neuritis being the most common symptom at disease onset. Among the motor features only quadriparesis at disease onset predicted a worse disease outcome. Rituximab was most effective in reducing the median EDSS score on follow up and preventing relapse.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 22-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2019.12.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42388718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Effect of Balint group training on burnout and quality of work life among intensive care nurses: A randomized controlled trial Balint组训练对重症护士职业倦怠和工作生活质量的影响:一项随机对照试验

Q3 Medicine

Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research

Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2019.12.002

Huigen Huang , Huashuang Zhang , Yongbiao Xie , Shi-Bin Wang , Hong Cui , Lihua Li , Hua Shao , Qingshan Geng

Background

Burnout and low quality of work life were linked to poor professional conduct, increased risk of medical errors and suicide for intensive care nurses. This study was to examine whether the Balint group training intervention could relieve burnout and improve the quality of work life for ICU nurses.

Methods

We conducted a randomized controlled trial at five ICUs in Guangdong province, China. Totally 152 nurses were randomly assigned to the Balint group with 8 weekly 1.5 -h training sessions and the control group with no interventions. The outcomes were assessed at pre-, mid- and post-training intervention with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Quality of Nursing Work Life Scale (QNWLS) questionnaires.

Results

At pre-training intervention, the scores of QNWLS and MBI for both groups ranged in 131.63–133.43 and 69.96–70.07, respectively, suggesting the high burnout and low quality of work life for ICU nurses. At mid-intervention, no significant differences were observed. At post-training intervention, the scores of QNWLS for the intervention group (141.93 ± 13.61) was significantly higher than the control group (132.39 ± 10.66), which was mainly contributed by the improvement in the work life-home life and work world dimensions. For MBI, the burnout for intervention group (58.33 ± 7.38) was significantly lower than the control group (70.50 ± 7.01) at post-training intervention, which was contributed by the improvement in the depersonalization and emotional exhaustion dimensions.

Limitation

the ‘healthy worker effect’ cannot be excluded.

Conclusion

Balint group training was an effective way to relieve burnout and improve the quality of work life for ICU nurses.

对重症监护护士来说，职业倦怠和低质量的工作生活与不良的职业行为、医疗差错和自杀风险增加有关。本研究旨在探讨Balint组培训干预是否能缓解ICU护士的职业倦怠，提高其工作生活质量。方法在广东省5个icu进行随机对照试验。将152名护士随机分为Balint组和对照组，实验组每周进行8次1.5小时的培训，对照组不进行干预。采用Maslach职业倦怠量表(MBI)和护理工作生活质量量表(QNWLS)进行干预前、干预中、干预后的结果评估。结果培训前干预时，两组护士的QNWLS和MBI得分分别为131.63 ~ 133.43分和69.96 ~ 70.07分，显示ICU护士职业倦怠程度高，工作生活质量低。在干预中期，未观察到显著差异。在训练后干预时，干预组的QNWLS得分(141.93±13.61)显著高于对照组(132.39±10.66)，这主要是由于工作生活-家庭生活和工作世界维度的改善。对于MBI，干预组的训练后倦怠(58.33±7.38)显著低于对照组(70.50±7.01)，这与去人体化和情绪耗竭维度的改善有关。限制:不能排除“健康工人效应”。结论balint小组培训是缓解ICU护士职业倦怠、提高工作生活质量的有效途径。

{"title":"Effect of Balint group training on burnout and quality of work life among intensive care nurses: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Huigen Huang , Huashuang Zhang , Yongbiao Xie , Shi-Bin Wang , Hong Cui , Lihua Li , Hua Shao , Qingshan Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Burnout and low quality of work life were linked to poor professional conduct, increased risk of medical errors and suicide for intensive care nurses. This study was to examine whether the Balint group training intervention could relieve burnout and improve the quality of work life for ICU nurses.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a randomized controlled trial at five ICUs in Guangdong province, China. Totally 152 nurses were randomly assigned to the Balint group with 8 weekly 1.5 -h training sessions and the control group with no interventions. The outcomes were assessed at pre-, mid- and post-training intervention with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Quality of Nursing Work Life Scale (QNWLS) questionnaires.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>At pre-training intervention, the scores of QNWLS and MBI for both groups ranged in 131.63–133.43 and 69.96–70.07, respectively, suggesting the high burnout and low quality of work life for ICU nurses. At mid-intervention, no significant differences were observed. At post-training intervention, the scores of QNWLS for the intervention group (141.93 ± 13.61) was significantly higher than the control group (132.39 ± 10.66), which was mainly contributed by the improvement in the work life-home life and work world dimensions. For MBI, the burnout for intervention group (58.33 ± 7.38) was significantly lower than the control group (70.50 ± 7.01) at post-training intervention, which was contributed by the improvement in the depersonalization and emotional exhaustion dimensions.</p></div><div><h3>Limitation</h3><p>the ‘healthy worker effect’ cannot be excluded.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Balint group training was an effective way to relieve burnout and improve the quality of work life for ICU nurses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 16-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2019.12.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47852636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Underlying domains of anxiety trait in a Costa Rican sample: Preliminary results 哥斯达黎加样本中焦虑特质的潜在领域:初步结果

Q3 Medicine

Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research

Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2020.01.001

Daniela Ugalde-Araya , Carolina Coto-Vílchez , Alejandro Ávila-Aguirre , Gabriela Chavarría-Soley , Henriette Raventós , Javier Contreras Rojas

Background

Imprecision of the psychiatric phenotype might partially explain the failure of genetic research to identify genes that contribute to susceptibility of anxiety disorders. Previous research concluded two underlying constructs, worry and rumination, might explain anxiety sub-syndromic symptoms in Costa Rican patients with history of mania. The goal of the current study is to explore the presence of latent constructs for quantitative anxiety in a group of subjects with a wide diagnostic phenotype and non-affected individuals.

Methods

We conducted an exploratory factor analysis of anxiety trait in 709 subjects. Our sample was comprised by 419 subjects with psychiatric disorders and 290 non-affected individuals. We used principal factors extraction method with squared multiple correlations of the STAI (trait subscale).

Results

We found the following preliminary results: a three-factor solution with a good simple structure and statistical adequacy was obtained with a KMO of 0.92 (>0.6) and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity of 5644,44 (p < 0.05). The STAI items were grouped into three factors: anxiety-absent, worry and rumination based on the characteristics of the symptoms.

Conclusion

Two underlying constructs, worry and rumination may explain anxiety sub-syndromic symptoms in Costa Rican subjects. Our proposed underlying structure of subsyndromal anxiety in individuals should be considered as an important factor in defining better phenotypic characterizations on a broader diagnostic concept. Worry and rumination as a phenotypic characterization may assist in genotyping; however, its predictive value on actual illness outcome still requires more research. The Genome-Wide QTL analysis for anxiety trait in the same sample is ongoing.

精神病学表型的不精确可能部分解释了基因研究未能确定导致焦虑症易感性的基因。先前的研究得出结论，两种潜在的构念——担忧和沉思——可能解释哥斯达黎加有躁狂症史患者的焦虑亚综合征症状。本研究的目的是探讨在一组具有广泛诊断表型的受试者和未受影响的个体中存在的定量焦虑的潜在构念。方法对709名被试的焦虑特征进行探索性因素分析。我们的样本由419名患有精神疾病的受试者和290名未受影响的个体组成。我们使用了基于STAI (trait subscale)多重相关平方的主因子提取方法。结果我们得到了一个结构简单、统计充分性好的三因子解，KMO为0.92 (>0.6)， Bartlett's球度检验为5644,44 (p <0.05)。根据症状特点，将STAI项目分为焦虑缺失、担忧和反刍三个因素。结论担忧和反刍这两个潜在构念可以解释哥斯达黎加被试的焦虑亚综合征症状。我们提出的个体亚综合征焦虑的潜在结构应被视为在更广泛的诊断概念上定义更好的表型特征的重要因素。忧虑和反刍作为一种表型特征可能有助于基因分型;然而，其对实际疾病结局的预测价值仍有待进一步研究。同一样本中焦虑特征的全基因组QTL分析正在进行中。

{"title":"Underlying domains of anxiety trait in a Costa Rican sample: Preliminary results","authors":"Daniela Ugalde-Araya , Carolina Coto-Vílchez , Alejandro Ávila-Aguirre , Gabriela Chavarría-Soley , Henriette Raventós , Javier Contreras Rojas","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2020.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npbr.2020.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Imprecision of the psychiatric phenotype might partially explain the failure of genetic research to identify genes that contribute to susceptibility of anxiety disorders. Previous research concluded two underlying constructs, worry and rumination, might explain anxiety sub-syndromic symptoms in Costa Rican patients with history of mania. The goal of the current study is to explore the presence of latent constructs for quantitative anxiety in a group of subjects with a wide diagnostic phenotype and non-affected individuals.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted an exploratory factor analysis of anxiety trait in 709 subjects. Our sample was comprised by 419 subjects with psychiatric disorders and 290 non-affected individuals. We used principal factors extraction method with squared multiple correlations of the STAI (trait subscale).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found the following preliminary results: a three-factor solution with a good simple structure and statistical adequacy was obtained with a KMO of 0.92 (>0.6) and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity of 5644,44 (p < 0.05). The STAI items were grouped into three factors: anxiety-absent, worry and rumination based on the characteristics of the symptoms.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Two underlying constructs, worry and rumination may explain anxiety sub-syndromic symptoms in Costa Rican subjects. Our proposed underlying structure of subsyndromal anxiety in individuals should be considered as an important factor in defining better phenotypic characterizations on a broader diagnostic concept. Worry and rumination as a phenotypic characterization may assist in genotyping; however, its predictive value on actual illness outcome still requires more research. The Genome-Wide QTL analysis for anxiety trait in the same sample is ongoing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 38-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2020.01.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38324824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Exploring perceived control, a low-control task, and a brief acceptance intervention in a low and high transdiagnostic anxiety sample 探索感知控制，低控制任务，和短暂的接受干预在低和高跨诊断焦虑样本

Q3 Medicine

Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research

Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2019.11.001

L.P. Wadsworth , S.A. Hayes-Skelton

Background

Limited perceived control has been theorized and measured to be a cognitive aspect of anxiety disorder development and maintenance. The goal of the present study was to investigate perceived internal and external control as transdiagnostic features of anxiety in a diverse urban sample.

Methods

We explored the relations between anxiety, perceived control, and acceptance skills experimentally using a low control computer task and a brief acceptance intervention between task trials.

Results

Data revealed significant negative correlations between perceived internal and external control and levels of transdiagnostic anxiety. The high anxiety group reported lower acceptance skills at baseline and greater levels of anxiety across trials of the low control task. There was evidence of an anxiety reduction effect via the acceptance intervention across all participants compared to the control group, but we did not see the hypothesized interaction between group and anxiety level (possibly due in part to sampling randomization failure, as acceptance group had significantly higher anxiety at baseline).

Discussion

Our findings validate previous research linking low trait perceived control and high trait anxiety in a diverse sample and provide evidence that acceptance-based interventions may provide more adaptive strategies for navigating low control situations.

有限的感知控制已被理论化并被测量为焦虑障碍发展和维持的一个认知方面。本研究的目的是在不同的城市样本中调查感知到的内部和外部控制作为焦虑的跨诊断特征。方法采用低控制性计算机任务和任务间短暂的接受干预，探讨焦虑、感知控制和接受技能之间的关系。结果内外部控制感知与跨诊断焦虑水平呈显著负相关。高焦虑组在基线时的接受能力较低，在低控制任务的试验中焦虑水平较高。有证据表明，与对照组相比，接受干预在所有参与者中都有减少焦虑的效果，但我们没有看到假设的组与焦虑水平之间的相互作用(可能部分是由于抽样随机化失败，因为接受组在基线时的焦虑程度明显更高)。我们的发现验证了先前在不同样本中将低特质感知控制和高特质焦虑联系起来的研究，并提供了基于接受的干预可能为驾驭低控制情境提供更多适应性策略的证据。

{"title":"Exploring perceived control, a low-control task, and a brief acceptance intervention in a low and high transdiagnostic anxiety sample","authors":"L.P. Wadsworth , S.A. Hayes-Skelton","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Limited perceived control has been theorized and measured to be a cognitive aspect of anxiety disorder development and maintenance. The goal of the present study was to investigate perceived internal and external control as transdiagnostic features of anxiety in a diverse urban sample.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We explored the relations between anxiety, perceived control, and acceptance skills experimentally using a low control computer task and a brief acceptance intervention between task trials.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Data revealed significant negative correlations between perceived internal and external control and levels of transdiagnostic anxiety. The high anxiety group reported lower acceptance skills at baseline and greater levels of anxiety across trials of the low control task. There was evidence of an anxiety reduction effect via the acceptance intervention across all participants compared to the control group, but we did not see the hypothesized interaction between group and anxiety level (possibly due in part to sampling randomization failure, as acceptance group had significantly higher anxiety at baseline).</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Our findings validate previous research linking low trait perceived control and high trait anxiety in a diverse sample and provide evidence that acceptance-based interventions may provide more adaptive strategies for navigating low control situations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2019.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47498754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Relation between vitamin D level and severity, symptomatology and cognitive dysfunction of major depressive disorder—A sample of Egyptian patients 维生素D水平与重度抑郁症严重程度、症状及认知功能障碍的关系——以埃及患者为例

Q3 Medicine

Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research

Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2019.12.001

Sandra W. Elseesy , Tamer Goueli , Akmal Mostafa , Alaa Afif , Mohamed A. Khalil

Background

Vitamin D helps in the regulation of neurotransmission and neuroprotection. Therefore, vitamin D deficiency might lead to inactivated receptors and may result in depression.

Aim

The study assessed the relation between serum level of vitamin D and severity, symptomatology and cognitive dysfunction of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in a sample of Egyptian patients.

Methods

Serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D were measured with electro-chemiluminescence binding assay in 75 patients with MDD. Vitamin D deficiency was described as <20 ng/ml. Patients were recruited from Psychiatry and Addiction Hospital, Kasr Al Ainy outpatient clinic. Patients were subjected to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders(SCID), Hamilton depression scale (HAM-D), Mini- mental status examination (MMSE), Wechsler memory subtests (story A and paired associate learning test (PALT)), Benton visual retention test (BVRT) and Trail B test.

Results

94.6 % of patients had vitamin D deficiency. There was no significant correlation between levels of vitamin D and severity of depression according to HAM-D. Regarding symptoms of depression, there was a statistically significant difference between levels of vitamin D, being more deficient with genital symptoms: decreased libido and menstrual disturbances. There was no statistically significant correlation between level of vitamin D and cognitive functions.

Conclusion

MDD was associated with vitamin D deficiency but no statistical significant correlation could be established neither between levels of vitamin D and severity of depression nor between levels of vitamin D and cognitive dysfunction. Vitamin D level was statistically correlated with decreased libido and menstrual disturbances.

维生素D有助于调节神经传递和神经保护。因此，维生素D缺乏可能导致受体失活，并可能导致抑郁症。目的探讨埃及患者血清维生素D水平与重度抑郁症(MDD)严重程度、症状及认知功能障碍的关系。方法采用电化学发光结合法测定75例重度抑郁症患者血清25-羟基维生素D水平。维生素D缺乏被描述为20 ng/ml。患者从Kasr Al Ainy精神病学和成瘾医院门诊招募。患者进行DSM-IV轴I障碍(SCID)结构化临床访谈、Hamilton抑郁量表(HAM-D)、迷你精神状态检查(MMSE)、韦氏记忆亚测试(故事A和配对联想学习测试(PALT))、Benton视觉保留测试(BVRT)和Trail B测试。结果94.6%的患者存在维生素D缺乏症。根据HAM-D，维生素D的水平和抑郁症的严重程度之间没有明显的相关性。关于抑郁症状，维生素D水平在统计上有显著差异，更缺乏生殖器症状:性欲下降和月经紊乱。维生素D水平与认知功能之间没有统计学上的显著相关性。结论重度抑郁症与维生素D缺乏相关，但维生素D水平与抑郁症严重程度、维生素D水平与认知功能障碍之间均无统计学意义的相关性。维生素D水平与性欲下降和月经紊乱有统计学相关性。

{"title":"Relation between vitamin D level and severity, symptomatology and cognitive dysfunction of major depressive disorder—A sample of Egyptian patients","authors":"Sandra W. Elseesy , Tamer Goueli , Akmal Mostafa , Alaa Afif , Mohamed A. Khalil","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npbr.2019.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Vitamin D helps in the regulation of neurotransmission and neuroprotection. Therefore, vitamin D deficiency might lead to inactivated receptors and may result in depression.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>The study assessed the relation between serum level of vitamin D and severity, symptomatology and cognitive dysfunction of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in a sample of Egyptian patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D were measured with electro-chemiluminescence binding assay in 75 patients with MDD. Vitamin D deficiency was described as <20 ng/ml. Patients were recruited from Psychiatry and Addiction Hospital, Kasr Al Ainy outpatient clinic. Patients were subjected to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders(SCID), Hamilton depression scale (HAM-D), Mini- mental status examination (MMSE), Wechsler memory subtests (story A and paired associate learning test (PALT)), Benton visual retention test (BVRT) and Trail B test.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>94.6 % of patients had vitamin D deficiency. There was no significant correlation between levels of vitamin D and severity of depression according to HAM-D. Regarding symptoms of depression, there was a statistically significant difference between levels of vitamin D, being more deficient with genital symptoms: decreased libido and menstrual disturbances. There was no statistically significant correlation between level of vitamin D and cognitive functions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>MDD was associated with vitamin D deficiency but no statistical significant correlation could be established neither between levels of vitamin D and severity of depression nor between levels of vitamin D and cognitive dysfunction. Vitamin D level was statistically correlated with decreased libido and menstrual disturbances.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 10-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2019.12.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137431012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quality of life for patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder: Lifestyle and treatment 双相情感障碍患者的生活质量:生活方式和治疗

Q3 Medicine

Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research

Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2019.09.002

Martin Maripuu , Karl-Fredrik Norrback , Rolf Adolfsson

Background

Although bipolar disorder (BP) is associated with impaired quality of life (QOL), little is known about the clinical features associated with QOL. Better knowledge about this relationship may improve treatment.

Methods

This cross-sectional and retrospective study of 160 bipolar outpatients is part of an extensive study battery that includes patient-rated QOL with the World Health Organization QOL-100. The subscale “overall QOL” was used for analysis. QOL was divided into subgroups denoted “low”, “mid”, and “high”. Clinical data such as disease-specific factors, treatment efforts, and lifestyle were gathered from personal interviews and medical records.

Results

Compared to mid QOL, single analysis adjusted for age and sex revealed that low QOL was associated with BP II diagnosis, no previous hospitalization, low grade of current lithium medication, high grade of current antiepileptic medication, short disease duration with lithium, long disease duration without lithium, inactive lifestyle, high BMI, young age, and pre-menopausal women. Compared to mid QOL, high QOL was associated with a hypomanic/manic first affective episode, low BMI, non-smoker, and not currently using anxiolytic or sedatives.

Limitations

No longitudinal QOL data were collected.

Conclusions

QOL for bipolar patients is determined by serval factors that potentially could be altered. To improve QOL, lithium prophylaxis and lifestyle factors seem the most promising.

虽然双相情感障碍(BP)与生活质量受损(QOL)有关，但对与生活质量相关的临床特征知之甚少。更好地了解这种关系可能会改善治疗。方法:这项对160名双相门诊患者的横断面和回顾性研究是一项广泛研究的一部分，该研究包括世界卫生组织QOL-100患者评价的生活质量。采用“总体生活质量”分量表进行分析。生活质量分为“低”、“中”、“高”三个亚组。从个人访谈和医疗记录中收集临床数据，如疾病特异性因素、治疗效果和生活方式。结果与中等生活质量相比，经年龄和性别调整后的单一分析显示，低生活质量与BP II诊断、无住院史、当前使用锂药物等级低、当前使用抗癫痫药物等级高、使用锂药物病程短、未使用锂药物病程长、生活方式不活跃、BMI高、年龄小、绝经前妇女相关。与中等生活质量相比，高生活质量与轻度躁狂/躁狂第一情感发作、低BMI、不吸烟、目前未使用抗焦虑药或镇静剂相关。局限性:未收集纵向生活质量数据。结论双相情感障碍患者的生活质量是由几个可能改变的因素决定的。为了改善生活质量，锂预防和生活方式因素似乎是最有希望的。

{"title":"Quality of life for patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder: Lifestyle and treatment","authors":"Martin Maripuu , Karl-Fredrik Norrback , Rolf Adolfsson","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Although bipolar disorder (BP) is associated with impaired quality of life (QOL), little is known about the clinical features associated with QOL. Better knowledge about this relationship may improve treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional and retrospective study of 160 bipolar outpatients is part of an extensive study battery that includes patient-rated QOL with the World Health Organization QOL-100. The subscale “overall QOL” was used for analysis. QOL was divided into subgroups denoted “low”, “mid”, and “high”. Clinical data such as disease-specific factors, treatment efforts, and lifestyle were gathered from personal interviews and medical records.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared to mid QOL, single analysis adjusted for age and sex revealed that low QOL was associated with BP II diagnosis, no previous hospitalization, low grade of current lithium medication, high grade of current antiepileptic medication, short disease duration with lithium, long disease duration without lithium, inactive lifestyle, high BMI, young age, and pre-menopausal women. Compared to mid QOL, high QOL was associated with a hypomanic/manic first affective episode, low BMI, non-smoker, and not currently using anxiolytic or sedatives.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>No longitudinal QOL data were collected.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>QOL for bipolar patients is determined by serval factors that potentially could be altered. To improve QOL, lithium prophylaxis and lifestyle factors seem the most promising.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"34 ","pages":"Pages 34-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2019.09.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41739175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Emotional reactivity and neuropsychological assessment in ten cases of ablated temporal lobe tumors 10例颞叶切除肿瘤的情绪反应及神经心理评价

Q3 Medicine

Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research

Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2019.08.004

Roberta Ciuffini , Maria Cristina Rossetti , Alfonso Marrelli , Luca Napoleoni , Marco Varrassi , Carmine Marini , Alessandra Splendiani , Rodolfo Rossi , Paolo Stratta

Aim

Emotional reactivity (ER) and neuropsychological (Np) status were investigated in a case series of patients that underwent a surgical ablation of temporal lobe tumors (TLT).

Methods

Ten patients (6 females, 4 males) who had undergone surgical ablation of TLT and 10 controls matched for age and gender were recruited. ER was tested using International Affective Picture System (IAPS); Clinical Global Impression evaluated behavioral disturbances, affective symptoms and emotional involvement/reaction to the pathological condition. Np assessment was carried out using well established measures; anatomopathological, neuroradiological and clinical data were also collected.

Results

Patients showed more positive valence and higher arousal upon viewing neutral images compared to controls. To a lesser extent, the same pattern was observed with socially pleasant images. No affective symptoms were observed at CGI-BP evaluation. Arousal to negative images, with or without social involvement, revealed a moderately strong relationship with the patient’s subjective emotional appraisal of the consequences of the illness.

Conclusion

We observed an optimistic emotional environment perception and a detachment from the pathological condition related to lowered emotional involvement and reactivity to negative emotional cues. This pattern of emotional reactivity leads to the hypothesis of an effective coping strategy development to a severe pathological condition.

本文研究了颞叶肿瘤(TLT)手术消融患者的情绪反应性(ER)和神经心理(Np)状态。方法招募10例行TLT手术消融的患者(女性6例，男性4例)和10例年龄和性别相匹配的对照组。ER采用国际情感图像系统(IAPS)进行测试;临床整体印象评估行为障碍、情感症状和情绪参与/对病理状况的反应。Np评估采用完善的措施进行;同时收集解剖病理、神经放射学及临床资料。结果与对照组相比，被试在观看中性图像时表现出更高的正效价和觉醒。在较小程度上，同样的模式在社交愉快的图像中被观察到。在CGI-BP评估中未观察到情感性症状。对负面图像的唤醒，无论是否有社会参与，都显示出与患者对疾病后果的主观情绪评价有中等强烈的关系。结论观察到乐观情绪环境感知和病理状态超脱与情绪介入和消极情绪提示反应降低有关。这种情绪反应模式导致有效应对策略的假设发展为严重的病理状况。

{"title":"Emotional reactivity and neuropsychological assessment in ten cases of ablated temporal lobe tumors","authors":"Roberta Ciuffini , Maria Cristina Rossetti , Alfonso Marrelli , Luca Napoleoni , Marco Varrassi , Carmine Marini , Alessandra Splendiani , Rodolfo Rossi , Paolo Stratta","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>Emotional reactivity (ER) and neuropsychological (Np) status were investigated in a case series of patients that underwent a surgical ablation of temporal lobe tumors (TLT).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Ten patients (6 females, 4 males) who had undergone surgical ablation of TLT and 10 controls matched for age and gender were recruited. ER was tested using International Affective Picture System (IAPS); Clinical Global Impression evaluated behavioral disturbances, affective symptoms and emotional involvement/reaction to the pathological condition. Np assessment was carried out using well established measures; anatomopathological, neuroradiological and clinical data were also collected.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Patients showed more positive valence and higher arousal upon viewing neutral images compared to controls. To a lesser extent, the same pattern was observed with socially pleasant images. No affective symptoms were observed at CGI-BP evaluation. Arousal to negative images, with or without social involvement, revealed a moderately strong relationship with the patient’s subjective emotional appraisal of the consequences of the illness.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We observed an optimistic emotional environment perception and a detachment from the pathological condition related to lowered emotional involvement and reactivity to negative emotional cues. This pattern of emotional reactivity leads to the hypothesis of an effective coping strategy development to a severe pathological condition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"34 ","pages":"Pages 22-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2019.08.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46360981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Perception of stress in aging: the role of environmental variables and appraisal of the life experiences on psychological stress 衰老压力感知:环境变量对心理压力的作用及生活经历的评价

Q3 Medicine

Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research

Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2019.09.001

Elena Commodari, Santo Di Nuovo

Background

Psychological stress plays a pivotal role in individual well-being in aging. Environmental and psychological variables influence the stress responses of older adults. This study investigated the impact of some sociodemographic and appraisal of the life experiences on perceived stress.

Method

300 older adults participated in the study. A measure of psychological stress and a questionnaire assessing the appraisal of life events and beliefs on the experience to be an older person were used.

Results

Females reported higher levels of stress. Moreover, the participants who lived in a rural area were more stressed than those who lived in an urban area. Beliefs on aging and condition of life affected perceived stress more than physical and objective variables.

Limitation

The study has several limitations. The data were self-reported, and the design of the study was cross-sectional. Moreover, a convenience sample was used.

Conclusions

This study showed that appraisal that old persons have of their life influences perceived stress. Well-being in aging is a complex goal and involves socio-emotional adjustment. Findings permit to hypothesize that encouraging independence is the base for enhancing the well-being of the older person. Older people must have the resources they need to deal with the challenges they face, to achieve a sense of purpose and control in their lives. This issues could be critical when planning the organization of services for older adults. These services should not just aim to maintain physical health but should also take into account the psychological needs of older people.

背景心理压力在个体老龄化中起着至关重要的作用。环境和心理变量影响老年人的应激反应。本研究探讨了一些社会人口学和生活经验评价对感知压力的影响。方法300名老年人参与研究。研究人员使用了一种心理压力测量方法和一份评估生活事件的调查问卷，以及对老年人经历的看法。结果女性报告的压力水平更高。此外，生活在农村地区的参与者比生活在城市地区的参与者压力更大。对衰老和生活状况的信念比物理和客观变量更能影响感知压力。局限性这项研究有几个局限性。数据是自我报告的，研究设计是横断面的。此外，还采用了方便样本。结论老年人对生活的评价影响其感知压力。老年人的健康是一个复杂的目标，涉及到社会情绪的调整。研究结果允许这样的假设:鼓励独立是提高老年人幸福感的基础。老年人必须有足够的资源来应对他们所面临的挑战，在生活中实现目标和掌控感。在规划老年人服务组织时，这些问题可能是至关重要的。这些服务不应仅仅以保持身体健康为目的，还应考虑到老年人的心理需求。

{"title":"Perception of stress in aging: the role of environmental variables and appraisal of the life experiences on psychological stress","authors":"Elena Commodari, Santo Di Nuovo","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Psychological stress plays a pivotal role in individual well-being in aging. Environmental and psychological variables influence the stress responses of older adults. This study investigated the impact of some sociodemographic and appraisal of the life experiences on perceived stress.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>300 older adults participated in the study. A measure of psychological stress and a questionnaire assessing the appraisal of life events and beliefs on the experience to be an older person were used.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Females reported higher levels of stress. Moreover, the participants who lived in a rural area were more stressed than those who lived in an urban area. Beliefs on aging and condition of life affected perceived stress more than physical and objective variables.</p></div><div><h3>Limitation</h3><p>The study has several limitations. The data were self-reported, and the design of the study was cross-sectional. Moreover, a convenience sample was used.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study showed that appraisal that old persons have of their life influences perceived stress. Well-being in aging is a complex goal and involves socio-emotional adjustment. Findings permit to hypothesize that encouraging independence is the base for enhancing the well-being of the older person. Older people must have the resources they need to deal with the challenges they face, to achieve a sense of purpose and control in their lives. This issues could be critical when planning the organization of services for older adults. These services should not just aim to maintain physical health but should also take into account the psychological needs of older people.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"34 ","pages":"Pages 28-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2019.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48988188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1