Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00739-x
Talha Burki
{"title":"Second report from the UK Covid-19 Inquiry","authors":"Talha Burki","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00739-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00739-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145784567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00738-8
Sanjeet Bagcchi
{"title":"European Commission to fund new medicines for dengue","authors":"Sanjeet Bagcchi","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00738-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00738-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145784570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00664-4
Mamady Kone, Jordan Plieskatt, Moussa Thienta, Bourama Kamate, Ebenezer A Ofori, Markus Gmeiner, Bayaya Haidara, Moussa B Kanoute, Bakary Traore, Ousmane A Poudiouguo, Hawa S Bayogo, Ibrahim Diarra, Karim Bengaly, Amatigue Zeguime, Daman Sylla, Adama Sacko, Stephen L Hoffman, Matthew B B McCall, Michael Theisen, Issaka Sagara, Thomas L Richie
<h3>Background</h3>An investigational multistage malaria vaccine, ProC6C, based on distinct <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> epitopes from the sporozoite stage (<em>P falciparum</em> circumsporozoite protein [<em>Pf</em>CSP]) and the transmission stages (<em>Pf</em>s230 and <em>Pf</em>s48/45), adsorbed to aluminium hydroxide (AlOH) and adjuvanted with Matrix-M adjuvant (ProC6C-AlOH/MM), has previously shown safety and immunogenicity in phase 1 studies. We aimed to study vaccine efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity in African adults with lifelong malaria exposure.<h3>Methods</h3>This randomised controlled double-blind vaccination and controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) study was conducted in Sotuba, a peri-urban setting in Mali. Healthy adults (aged 18–50 years), who were malaria experienced and met eligibility criteria, were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive three intramuscular injections of ProC6C-AlOH/MM (100 μg ProC6C and 50 μg Matrix-M adjuvant) or Verorab rabies vaccine (control) 4 weeks apart. Randomisation was done in randomly permuted blocks (random varying block size of two and four) using R Statistical Software (randomizr and blockrand). The content of syringes was masked to ensure blinding and only those responsible for vaccine preparation were unblinded. 94 days after the last vaccination, all participants still in the study underwent CHMI by intradermal inoculation of 22 500 <em>P falciparum</em> sporozoites (Sanaria PfSPZ Challenge [NF54]). Primary outcomes were time to blood-stage infection (quantitative PCR detection of <em>P falciparum</em>, with vaccine efficacy defined as 1 – Cox hazard ratio in the per-protocol population) and vaccine safety and tolerability (in those who were randomly assigned and received at least one vaccination). The trial was registered in the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR202404598604620).<h3>Findings</h3>On March 20, April 15, and May 9, 2024, 34 participants (15 males, 19 females) received their vaccinations (n=17 ProC6C-AlOH/MM and n=17 control vaccine). The vaccinations were well tolerated, with 13 (76%) of 17 ProC6C-AlOH/MM recipients experiencing at least one adverse event, almost all of which were mild, compared with three (18%) of 17 control vaccine recipients. On Aug 11, 2024, 94 days after the last dose of vaccine, 32 of 34 participants underwent CHMI, of whom 19 (59%) developed <em>P falciparum</em> parasitaemia by day 28 post-CHMI initiation (13 of 16 in the control group and six of 16 in the ProC6C-AlOH/MM group). In those that became parasitaemic, the median time to positivity was delayed in ProC6C-AlOH/MM recipients by 2 days (14 days ProC6C-AlOH/MM, 12 days control; p=0·049). In the per-protocol time-to-event analysis, vaccine efficacy was 76% (95% CI 36–91, p=0·0022). By proportional analysis (1 – risk ratio) the vaccine efficacy was 54% (95% CI 9–77, p=0·029).<h3>Interpretation</h3>This is the first clinical trial of an anti-<em>Pf</em>CSP subunit vaccine that has shown
{"title":"Efficacy of ProC6C-AlOH/Matrix-M against Plasmodium falciparum infection and mosquito transmission: a phase 2, randomised, controlled human malaria infection study","authors":"Mamady Kone, Jordan Plieskatt, Moussa Thienta, Bourama Kamate, Ebenezer A Ofori, Markus Gmeiner, Bayaya Haidara, Moussa B Kanoute, Bakary Traore, Ousmane A Poudiouguo, Hawa S Bayogo, Ibrahim Diarra, Karim Bengaly, Amatigue Zeguime, Daman Sylla, Adama Sacko, Stephen L Hoffman, Matthew B B McCall, Michael Theisen, Issaka Sagara, Thomas L Richie","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00664-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00664-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>An investigational multistage malaria vaccine, ProC6C, based on distinct <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> epitopes from the sporozoite stage (<em>P falciparum</em> circumsporozoite protein [<em>Pf</em>CSP]) and the transmission stages (<em>Pf</em>s230 and <em>Pf</em>s48/45), adsorbed to aluminium hydroxide (AlOH) and adjuvanted with Matrix-M adjuvant (ProC6C-AlOH/MM), has previously shown safety and immunogenicity in phase 1 studies. We aimed to study vaccine efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity in African adults with lifelong malaria exposure.<h3>Methods</h3>This randomised controlled double-blind vaccination and controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) study was conducted in Sotuba, a peri-urban setting in Mali. Healthy adults (aged 18–50 years), who were malaria experienced and met eligibility criteria, were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive three intramuscular injections of ProC6C-AlOH/MM (100 μg ProC6C and 50 μg Matrix-M adjuvant) or Verorab rabies vaccine (control) 4 weeks apart. Randomisation was done in randomly permuted blocks (random varying block size of two and four) using R Statistical Software (randomizr and blockrand). The content of syringes was masked to ensure blinding and only those responsible for vaccine preparation were unblinded. 94 days after the last vaccination, all participants still in the study underwent CHMI by intradermal inoculation of 22 500 <em>P falciparum</em> sporozoites (Sanaria PfSPZ Challenge [NF54]). Primary outcomes were time to blood-stage infection (quantitative PCR detection of <em>P falciparum</em>, with vaccine efficacy defined as 1 – Cox hazard ratio in the per-protocol population) and vaccine safety and tolerability (in those who were randomly assigned and received at least one vaccination). The trial was registered in the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR202404598604620).<h3>Findings</h3>On March 20, April 15, and May 9, 2024, 34 participants (15 males, 19 females) received their vaccinations (n=17 ProC6C-AlOH/MM and n=17 control vaccine). The vaccinations were well tolerated, with 13 (76%) of 17 ProC6C-AlOH/MM recipients experiencing at least one adverse event, almost all of which were mild, compared with three (18%) of 17 control vaccine recipients. On Aug 11, 2024, 94 days after the last dose of vaccine, 32 of 34 participants underwent CHMI, of whom 19 (59%) developed <em>P falciparum</em> parasitaemia by day 28 post-CHMI initiation (13 of 16 in the control group and six of 16 in the ProC6C-AlOH/MM group). In those that became parasitaemic, the median time to positivity was delayed in ProC6C-AlOH/MM recipients by 2 days (14 days ProC6C-AlOH/MM, 12 days control; p=0·049). In the per-protocol time-to-event analysis, vaccine efficacy was 76% (95% CI 36–91, p=0·0022). By proportional analysis (1 – risk ratio) the vaccine efficacy was 54% (95% CI 9–77, p=0·029).<h3>Interpretation</h3>This is the first clinical trial of an anti-<em>Pf</em>CSP subunit vaccine that has shown","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145778064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00689-9
GBD 2023 Lower Respiratory Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators, Sarah Brooke Sirota, Rose Grace Bender, Regina-Mae Villanueva Dominguez, Amanda Movo, Lucien R Swetschinski, Daniel T Araki, Chieh Han, Eve E Wool, Jiawei He, Austin Carter, Ahmed A.J. Jabbar, Mohammad Amin Aalipour, Hasan Aalruz, Zahra Abbasi Dolatabadi, Hedayat Abbastabar, Samar Abd ElHafeez, Ashraf Nabiel Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani Abdalla, Abdullah, Emad M. Abdallah, Nadin M.I. Abdel Razeq, Atef Abdelkader, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab, Meriem Abdoun, Arman Abdous, Mostafa M. Abdrabou, Jeza Muhamad Abdul Aziz, Deldar Morad Abdulah, Auwal Abdullahi, Toufik Abdul-Rahman, Kulmira Abdykerimova, Habtamu Abebe Getahun, Armita Abedi, Asrat Agalu Abejew, Syed Hani Abidi, Olifan Zewdie Abil, Olumide Abiodun, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Ulric Sena Abonie, Abdullahi Tunde Aborode, Nagah M. Abourashed, Dariush Abtahi, Zhanar Abu, Rana Kamal Abu Farha, Fuad Hamdi A. Abuadas, Aminu Kende Abubakar, Usman Abubakar, Nermeen Abu-Elala, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Ahmad Y Abuhelwa, Hana J Abukhadijah, Dina Abushanab, Anirudh Balakrishna Acharya, Krishna Prasad Acharya, Swetha Acharya, Meshack Achore, Ousman Adal, Lisa C Adams, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Tajudeen Adesanmi Adebisi, David Adedia, Kamoru Ademola Adedokun, Nurudeen A Adegoke, Victor Adekanmbi, Olumide Thomas Adeleke, Miracle Ayomikun Adesina, Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Idowu Peter Adewumi, Mache Tsadik Adhana, Ripon Kumar Adhikary, Atman Adiba, Usha Adiga, Mohd Adnan, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Giuseppina Affinito, Saira Afzal, Gizachew Beykaso Agafari, Navidha Aggarwal, Percival Delali Agordoh, Anurag Agrawal, Williams Agyemang-Duah, Mahsa Ahadi, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Adamu Adamu Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Faisal Ahmad, Ijaz Ahmad, Khurshid Ahmad, Muayyad M Ahmad, Rabbiya Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Mahnaz Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Gasha Salih Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Mehrunnisha Sharif Ahmed, Meqdad Saleh Ahmed, Mushood Ahmed, Naveed Ahmed, Shahzaib Ahmed, Syed Anees Ahmed, Ibrahim Ahmed El-Imam, Oluwasefunmi Akeju, Roland Eghoghosoa Akhigbe, Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar, Karolina Akinosoglou, Hammad Akram, Salah Al Awaidy, Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan, Mohammad Ahmmad Mahmoud Al Zoubi, Mousa Ali Al-Abbadi, Muaaz M Alajlani, Ziyad Al-Aly, Khurshid Alam, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki M Alanzi, Jude Oluwapelumi Alao, Abdullah Alarifi, Fahmi Y Al-Ashwal, Seyed Mohammad Amin Alavi, Mohammed Albashtawy, Mohammad T AlBataineh, Nader Al-Dewik, Wafa A Aldhaleei, Shereen M Aleidi, Fentahun Alemnew, Ali M Alfalki, Abdelazeem M Algammal, Ashraf Alhumaidi, Fahad A. Alhumaydhi, Haroon Muhammad Ali, Kamran Ali, Liaqat Ali, Maratab Ali, Mohammad Daud Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Rafat Ali, Shahid Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Montaha Al-Iede, Sheikh Mohammad Alif, Mina Alimohammadi, Hamid Alinejad Rokny, Morteza Alipour, Samah W Al-Jabi, Mohamad Aljofan, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Khaled S. Allemailem, Sabah Al-Marwani, Joseph Uy Almazan, Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi, Amr Almobayed, Mohmmad Minwer Alnaeem, Wasan Madhat Yousif Alnakshabandie, Hasan Yaser Alniss, Mahmoud A Alomari, Jaber S Alqahtani, Ahmad Rajeh Al-Qudimat, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi, Intima Alrimawi, Sahel Majed Alrousan, Mohammed A Alsabri, Najim Z. Alshahrani, Hamad Alshetaiwi, Yazed Saleh Alsowaida, Zaid Altaany, Awais Altaf, Alaa B Al-Tammemi, Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq, Malik A Althobiani, Khalid A Altirkawi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk, Hassan Alwafi, Mohammad Al-Wardat, Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi, Hany Aly, Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim Alyahya, Karem H Alzoubi, Adel S Al-Zubairi, Md. Akib Al-Zubayer, Walid A Al-Zyoud, Ekiyor Joseph Amafah, Masoud Aman Mohammadi, Abebe Feyissa Amhare, Saeed Amini, Kafayat Aminu, Nafiu Aminu, Majid Aminzare, Sohrab Amiri, Anandhi Deva Amirtharaj, Dickson A Amugsi, Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa, Filippos Anagnostakis, Etsay Woldu Anbesu, Robert Ancuceanu, Deanna Anderlini, Abhishek Anil, Dr. Prapti Anjana, Abdul-Azeez Adeyemi Anjorin, Kabilan Annadurai, Boluwatife Stephen Anuoluwa, Iyadunni Adesola Anuoluwa, Saeid Anvari, Razique Anwer, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Geminn Louis Carace Apostol, Walter Appati, Jalal Arabloo, Jesu Arockiaraj, Mahwish Arooj, Anton A Artamonov, Deepavalli Arumuganainar, Nabiy Arystan, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, Melat Tesfaye Asebot, Shewatatek Melaku Asefa, Mulusew Andualem A Asemahagn, Syed Amir Ashraf, Tahira Ashraf, Mitra Ashrafi, Muhammad Shahzad Aslam, Yuni Asri, Dereje Zewdu Assefa, Batyrbek Assembekov, Omer Atac, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Sachin R Atre, Julie Alaere Atta, Zeenah A Atwan, Matteo Augello, Avinash Aujayeb, Khursheed Aurangzeb, Sana Javaid Awan, Andargie Abate Awoke, Babafela B Awosile, Habtamu Molla Ayele, Yusuf Oloruntoyin Ayipo, Seyed Mohammad Ayyoubzadeh, AKM Azad, Davood Azadi, Hiva Azami, Sadat Abdulla Aziz, Amin Azizan, Abisola Esther Babatope, Giridhara Rathnaiah Babu, Israel Tadesse Bacha, Muhammad Badar, Alaa Aboelnour Badran, Fereshteh Baghizadeh, Khlood K Baghlaf, Razieh Bahreini, Atif Amin Baig, Mohamad Amin Bakhshali, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, Mohammadreza Balooch Hasankhani, Aleksandra Barac, Manish Barik, Hiba Jawdat Barqawi, Muhammad Irfan Bashir, Shahid Bashir, Azadeh Bashiri, Rehana Basri, Quique Bassat, Mohammad-Mahdi Bastan, Abdul-Monim Batiha, Kavita Batra, Ravi Batra, Mahdis Bayat, Zemenu Wube Bayleyegn, Abdulrahman S Bazaid, Neeraj Bedi, Narasimha M Beeraka, Payam Behzadi, Bekalu Mekonen Belay, Asnake Gashaw Belayneh, Melesse Belayneh, Samir Bele, Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi, Michelle L Bell, Muhammad Bashir Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Bello, Umar Muhammad Bello, Samiun Nazrin Bente Kamal Tune, Om Prakash Prakash Bera, Abiye Assefa Berihun, Amiel Nazer C Bermudez, Paulo J G Bettencourt, Ashish Bhargava, Sonu Bhaskar, Priyadarshini Bhattacharjee, Shuvarthi Bhattacharjee, Jasvinder Singh Bhatti, Manpreet Singh Bhatti, Naif Kandash Binsaleh, Eshetie Melese Birru, Bijit Biswas, Mohammad Shahangir Biswas, Ahmad Naoras Bitar, Molalegne Bitew, Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni, Trupti Bodhare, Eyob Ketema Bogale, Archith Boloor, Paria Bolourinejad, Mina Borran, Samuel Adolf Bosoka, Alejandro Botero Carvajal, Souad Bouaoud, Christopher Boxe, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Linh Phuong Bui, Felix Busch, Yasser Bustanji, Daniela Calina, Angelo Capodici, Andrea Carugno, Felix Carvalho, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Luca Cegolon, Muthia Cenderadewi, Achille Cernigliaro, Muge Cevik, Joshua Chadwick, Chiranjib Chakraborty, Sandip Chakraborty, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Lam Duc Chau, Anis Ahmad Chaudhary, Sirshendu Chaudhuri, Akhilanand Chaurasia, Hana Chen, Haowei Chen, Hui Chen, Rucheng Chen, Xiang Chen, Nicholas WS Chew, Patrick R Ching, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti, William C S Cho, Bryan Chong, Deepti Chopra, Shivani Chopra, Enayet Karim Chowdhury, Devasahayam J Christopher, Dinh-Toi Chu, Ting-Wu Chuang, Isaac Sunday Chukwu, Eric Chung, Sunghyun Chung, Muhammad Chutiyami, Sara Conti, Alexandru Corlateanu, Claudia Cosma, Natalia Cruz-Martins, Ali Dabbagh, Omid Dadras, Ephrem Mebratu Dagnew, Xiaochen Dai, Anh Kim Dang, Roy Arokiam Daniel, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Samuel E Danso, Samuel Demissie Darcho, Bahar Darouei, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Jai K Das, Saswati Das, Dimash Davletov, William Marciel de Souza, Sindhura Deekonda, Marco Del Riccio, Ivan Delgado-Enciso, Dessalegn Demeke, Tadios Niguss Derese, Emina Dervišević, Muamer Dervišević, Girmay Desalegn, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu, Devananda Devegowda, Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan, Arkadeep Dhali, Amol S Dhane, Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal, Meghnath Dhimal, Bibha Dhungel, Stefano Di Bella, Antonello Di Paolo, Marcello Di Pumpo, Guodong Ding, Hoa Thi Do, Mai Ngoc Do, Thao Huynh Phuong Do, Klara Georgieva Dokova, Neda Dolatkhah, Fariba Dorostkar, Ojas Prakashbhai Doshi, Paulo Magno Martins Dourado, Robert Kokou Dowou, Senbagam Duraisamy, Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye, Siddhartha Dutta, Osamudiamen Ebohon, Mohammad Hossein Ebrahimi, Abdelaziz Ed-Dra, Cynthia Edeh, Hisham Atan Edinur, Ferry Efendi, Foolad Eghbali, Ebrahim Eini, Michael Ekholuenetale, Seraphine Mojoko Eko, Rabie Adel El Arab, Iman El Sayed, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Ahmed Eldaboush, Marwan El-Deyarbi, Muhammed Elhadi, Yasir Ahmed Mohammed Elhadi, Mohamed Elhoumed, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou Elmeligy, Mohamed A Elmonem, Mohamed Hassan Elnaem, Mohammed Elshaer, Abdelgawad Salah Eltahawy, Setegn Eshetie, Babak Eshrati, Gilbert Eshun, Majid Eslami, Heidar Fadavian, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Ildar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev, Markus Fally, Qiping Fan, Mohammad Farahmand, Abdullah Farasani, Mohammad Fareed, Aisha Farhana, Syed Muhammad Yousaf Farooq, Folorunso Oludayo Fasina, Modupe Margaret Fasina, Ali Fatehizadeh, Zareen Fatima, Ginenus Fekadu, Pietro Ferrara, Nuno Ferreira, Getahun Fetensa, Bikila Regassa Feyisa, Belete Sewasew Firew, Florian Fischer, Marco Fonzo, Celia Fortuna Rodrigues, Oluwaseun Daniel Fowotade, Peter Andras Gaal, Abdelrahman Gamil Gad, Santosh Gaihre, Márió Gajdács, Balasubramanian Ganesh, Shivaprakash Gangachannaiah, Xiang Gao, Fernando Jr. Barroga Garcia, David Garcia-Azorin, Jacopo Garlasco, Zisis Gatzioufas, Rupesh K Gautam, Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel, Gebremariam Wulie Geremew, Bradford D Gessner, Genanew K Getahun, Gebremariam Getaneh, Kalab Yigermal Gete, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Kazem Ghaffari, Arin Ghamkhar, Lobna Gharaibeh, Moein Ghasemi, Mohammad Amin Ghatee, Ramy Mohamed Ghazy, Sailaja Ghimire, Sama Ghoba, Artyom Urievich Gil, Syed Abdullah Gilani, Bikash Ranjan Giri, Alessandro Girombelli, Laszlo Göbölös, Kimiya Gohari, Pouya Goleij, Melika Golmohammadi, Wenping Gong, Yitayal Ayalew Goshu, Habtamu Alganeh Guadie, Shi-Yang Guan, Giovanni Guarducci, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Kabiru Abubakar Gulma, Damitha Asanga Gunawardane, Anish Kumar Gupta, Gaurav Gupta, Lalit Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Swati Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Roberth Steven Gutiérrez-Murillo, Jose Guzman-Esquivel, Awoke Derbie Habteyohannes, Mostafa Hadei, Najah R Hadi, Zahra Hadian, Abdul Hafiz, Nguyen Hai Nam, Addisalem Haile, Kirubel Tesfaye Hailu, Sebastian Haller, Islam M Hamad, Mohamed Hamed, Ahmad Hammoud, Didem Han Yekdeş, Asif Hanif, Nasrin Hanifi, Fahad Hanna, Ashanul Haque, Harapan Harapan, Zitta Barrella Harboe, Sara Harsini, Eka Mishbahatul Marah Has, Ikramul Hasan, Md Kamrul Hasan, Hamidreza Hasani, Andrea Haekyung Haselbeck, Arezou Hashem Zadeh, Mohammad Hashem Hashempur, Ammarah Hasnain, Md Saquib Hasnain, Amr Hassan, Ibrahim Nagmeldin Hassan, Ikrama Hassan, Md Imtaiyaz Hassan, Mukhtar Abdi Hassan, Nageeb Hassan, Shokoufeh Hassani, Lasanthi Wathsala Hathagoda, Khezar Hayat, Qida He, Behzad Heibati, Mohammad Heidari, Yosra A. Helmy, Abdelaziz Hendy, Claudiu Herteliu, Kamal Hezam, Yuta Hiraike, Ramesh Holla, Jon Gitz Gitz Holler, Alamgir Hossain, Md Sabbir Hossain, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Junjie Huang, Yongsong Huang, Kiavash Hushmandi, Javid Hussain, Ali M. Hussein, Dursa Hussein, Mohammed Asif Hussein, Nawfal R Hussein, Mohamed Ibrahim Husseiny, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Liliya Ibragimova, Aminu Alhassan Ibrahim, Khalid S Ibrahim, Anel Ibrayeva, Adalia Ikiroma, Aqsa Ikram, Kevin S Ikuta, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Muhammad Hamza Ilyas, Salim Ilyasu, Mohammad Tarique Imam, Mustapha Immurana, Lalu Muhammad Irham, Mustafa Alhaji Isa, Azfar Athar Ishaqui, Md Rabiul Islam, Md. Shahinul Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Shameeran Salman Ismael, Faisal Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Yerlan Ismoldayev, Masao Iwagami, Chinwe Juliana Iwu-Jaja, Assefa N Iyasu, Jalil Jaafari, Ali Jadidi, Haitham Jahrami, Ayushi Jain, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Mohamed Jalloh, Armaan Jamal, Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal, Jazlan Jamaluddin, Jerin James, Roland Dominic G Jamora, Esmaeil Jarrahi, Amirreza Javadi Mamaghani, Javad Javidnia, Talha Jawaid, Shubha Jayaram, Ruwan Duminda Jayasinghe, Yovanthi Anurangi Jayasinghe, Jae Joon Jeon, Seogsong Jeong, Min Jiang, Wenyi Jin, Iain Johnston, Nabi Jomehzadeh, Jost B Jonas, Jobin Jose, Akaninyene Paul Joseph, Nitin Joseph, Krupal Joshi, Charity Ehimwenma Joshua, Vaishali K, Billingsley Kaambwa, Vidya Kadashetti, Dler H. Hussein Kadir, Mohammad Fahim Kadir, Jamilya Kaibullayeva, Khalil Kalavani, Sanjay Kalra, Mohammad Azhar Kamal, Ramat T. Kamorudeen, Oleksandr Kamyshnyi, Jiseung Kang, Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi, Suthanthira Kannan S, Surya Kant, Dattatreya Kar, Debasish Kar, Mehrdad Karajizadeh, Paschalis Karakasis, Jafar Karami, André Karch, Arman Karimi Behnagh, Samad Karkhah, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari, Tomasz M. M Karpiński, Faizan Zaffar Kashoo, Manoj Kumar Kashyap, Natnael Bekuretsion Bekuretsion Kassahun, Mohd Adnan Kausar, Foad Kazemi, Abenezer Zenebe Kebede, Hafte Kahsay Kebede, Yabets Tesfaye Kebede, Mohammad-Hossein Keivanlou, John H Kempen, Ariz Keshwani, Yousef Saleh Khader, Himanshu Khajuria, Hazim O. Khalifa, Anees Ahmed Khalil, Pantea Khalili, Faham Khamesipour, Ajmal Khan, Faiz Ullah Ullah Khan, Iman Waheed Khan, Iqra Hamid Khan, Maseer Khan, Mohammad Idreesh Khan, Muhammad Umer Khan, Serab Khan, Yusuf Saleem Khan, Zahid Khan, Sameer Uttamaro Khasbage, Haitham Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh, Khalid A Kheirallah, Mehdi Khezeli, Parisa Khoshvaght, Samira Khoshvaght, Farbod Khosravi, Sepehr Khosravi, Grace Kim, Hye Jun Kim, Min Seo Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Sanjay Kini B, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Ladli Kishore, Desmond Klu, Shivakumar KM, Sonali Kochhar, Sky Wei Chee Koh, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Farzad Kompani, Wolyu Erkano Korma, Tapos Kormoker, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Oleksii Korzh, Karel Kostev, Parvaiz A Koul, James-Paul Kretchy, Kewal Krishan, Mohammed Kuddus, Claudia E. 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Metwally, Sandrine Donfack D Mewoabi, Bartosz Miazgowski, Irmina Maria Michalek, Giuseppe Minervini, Wai-kit Ming, GK Mini, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Seyed Ali Mirshahvalad, Amaresh Mishra, Shivangi Mishra, Vinaytosh Mishra, Mona Gamal Mohamed, Nouh Saad Mohamed, Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed, Taj Mohammad, Abdolreza Mohammadi, Mohammad Kazem Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Saeed Mohammadi, Sammy Mohammadi, Omer Mohammed, Shafiu Mohammed, Yahaya Mohammed, Syam Mohan, Yugal Kishore Mohanta, Mohammad Mohseni, Amin Mohsenzadeh, Ali H Mokdad, Amirabbas Mollaei, Lorenzo Monasta, Mohammad Ali Moni, Marco Montalti, Paula Moraga, Danilo Farias Morais, Lidia Morawska, Mahdis Morovvati, Mahmoud M Morsy, Freiser Eceomo Cruz Mosquera, Jonathan F Mosser, Rohith Motappa, Seyed Ahmad Mousavi, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Fatemeh Mousavi Kiasary, Seyed Mohamad Sadegh Mousavi Kiasary, Mohamed Awad Abdalaziz Mousnad, Hagar Lotfy Mowafy, Kimia Mozahheb Yousefi, Sumaira Mubarik, Jibran Sualeh Muhammad, Sumoni Mukherjee, Amartya Mukhopadhyay, Sileshi Mulatu, Francesk Mulita, Malaisamy Muniyandi, Kavita Munjal, Efren Murillo-Zamora, Sani Musa, Fungai Musaigwa, Sathish Muthu, Raman Muthusamy, Claude Mambo Muvunyi, Muhammad Muzaffar, Ayoub Nafei, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Karikalan Nagarajan, Ghada Naguib, Ganesh R Naik, Hiten Naik, Firzan Nainu, Sanjeev Nair, Hastyar Hama Rashid Najmuldeen, Vinay Nangia, Ibrahim A Naqid, Shumaila Nargus, Abdulqadir J Nashwan, Hamide Nasiri, Mahmoud Nassar, Zuhair S Natto, Zakira Naureen, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Javad Nazari, G. Takop Nchanji, Amanuel Tebabal Nega, Abigia Ashenafi Negash, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi, Samata Nepal, Henok Biresaw Netsere, Jean Claude Semuto Ngabonziza, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Hien Thu Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Long Nguyen, Nghia Phu Nguyen, Tham Thi Nguyen, Trang Nguyen, Van Thanh Nguyen, Robina Khan Niazi, Ali Nikoobar, Jean Marie Vianney Niyonsenga, Princess Afia Nkrumah-Boateng, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Lawrence Achilles Nnyanzi, Shuhei Nomura, Sana Noreen, Valentine C Nriagu, Chisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi, Jean Claude Nshimiyimana, Fred Nugen, Mengistu H Nunemo, Chijindu N Nwakama, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam, Bogdan Oancea, Fabio Massimo Oddi, Michael Safo Oduro, Akinyemi O D Ofakunrin, Oluwaseun Adeolu Ogundijo, Olusegun Olatunji Ojedoyin, Hassan Okati-Aliabad, Sylvester Reuben Okeke, Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Osaretin Christabel Okonji, Oluyemi Adewole Okunlola, Patrick Godwin Okwute, Andrew T Olagunju, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Kenneth Ikenna Onyedibe, Marcel Opitz, Aksoltan Shyhdurdyevna Oradova, Michal Ordak, Verner N Orish, Atakan Orscelik, Esteban Ortiz-Prado, Augustus Osborne, Eric Osei, Elham H Othman, Oche Joseph Otorkpa, Amel Ouyahia, Irene Amoakoh Owusu, Oladayo Ayobami Oyebanji, Kolapo Oyebola, Tope Oyelade, Kehinde Adewole Oyeniran, Oyetunde T Oyeyemi, Ilker Ozsahin, Mahesh P A, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Dimpal Manilal Paija, Tamás Palicz, Adrian Pana, Sujogya Kumar Panda, Ashok Pandey, Seithikurippu R R Pandi-Perumal, Georgios D Panos, Ioannis Pantazopoulos, Giovanni Paolino, Mario Virgilio Papa, Ilias Papadimopoulos, Parinaz Paranjkhoo, Shahina Pardhan, Amrita Parida, Chulwoo Park, Ava Pashaei, Maja Pasovic, Roberto Passera, Jenish Patel, Mitesh Patel, Neel Navinkumar Patel, Satyananda Patel, Shankargouda Patil, Dimitrios Patoulias, Shrikant Pawar, Shubhadarshini Pawar, Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi, Jarmila Pekarcikova, Prince Peprah, Gavin Pereira, Nilanka Perera, Gladymar Perez Chacon, Simone Perna, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Olumuyiwa James Peter, Hai Quang Pham, Tung Thanh Pham, Anil K Philip, Zahra Zahid Piracha, Edoardo Pirera, Evgenii Plotnikov, Dimitri Poddighe, Roman V Polibin, Ramesh Poluru, Maarten J Postma, Sajjad Pourasghary, Reza Pourbabaki, Mohsen Poursadeqiyan, Naeimeh Pourtaheri, Sergio I Prada, Pranil Man Singh Pradhan, Akila Prashant, Elton Junio Sady Prates, Tirna Purkait, Jagadeesh Puvvula, Husam Qanash, Nameer Hashim Qasim, Xiang Qi, Zhipeng Qi, Jia-Yong Qiu, Navid Rabiee, Akeem Ganiyu Ganiyu Rabiu, Basuki Rachmat, Raghu Anekal Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman Radhakrishnan, Yashpal Singh Raghav, Pracheth Raghuveer, Sheu Kadiri Rahamon, Hawbash Mohammed-Amin Rahim, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Fryad Majeed Rahman, Md. 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Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) remain the world's leading infectious cause of death. This analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 provides global, regional, and national estimates of LRI incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with attribution to 26 pathogens, including 11 newly modelled pathogens, across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2023. With new data and revised modelling techniques, these estimates serve as an update and expansion to GBD 2021. Through these estimates, we also aimed to assess progress towards the 2025 Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia and Diarrhoea (GAPPD) target for pneumonia mortality in children younger than 5 years.
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