Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00748-5
Suvanand Sahu, Lucica Ditiu, Rizwan Ahmed, Adam Zumla, Eleni Aklillu, Urvashi B Singh, Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, Danny Asogun, David S Hui, Alimuddin Zumla
No Abstract
无摘要
{"title":"Overcoming the global tuberculosis crisis with urgent country-level political and financial action","authors":"Suvanand Sahu, Lucica Ditiu, Rizwan Ahmed, Adam Zumla, Eleni Aklillu, Urvashi B Singh, Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, Danny Asogun, David S Hui, Alimuddin Zumla","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00748-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00748-5","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DoxyPEP: real-life effectiveness in a cohort of men who have sex with men in Milan, Italy","authors":"Angelo Roberto Raccagni, Sara Diotallevi, Riccardo Lolatto, Elena Bruzzesi, Gaia Catalano, Ilaria Mainardi, Chiara Maci, Caterina Candela, Camilla Muccini, Antonella Castagna, Silvia Nozza","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00726-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00726-6","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-18DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00765-5
Md Zakiul Hassan, Anoop Kumar A S, Abu Faisal Md Pervez, Tahmina Shirin
No Abstract
无摘要
{"title":"Nipah virus research priorities: who sets them and for whom?","authors":"Md Zakiul Hassan, Anoop Kumar A S, Abu Faisal Md Pervez, Tahmina Shirin","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00765-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00765-5","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"250 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00687-x
Tiago Gräf, Edson Delatorre, Caroline do Nascimento Ferreira, Agata Rossi, Hellen Geremias Gatica Santos, Bianca Ribeiro Pizzato, Valdinete Nascimento, Victor Souza, Gustavo Barbosa de Lima, Filipe Zimmer Dezordi, Alexandre Freitas da Silva, Clarice Neuenschwander Lins de Morais, Ighor Arantes, Mariza Hoffmann Machado, Darcita Buerger Rovaris, Mayra Marinho Presibella, Nelson Fernando Quallio Marques, Emanuelle Gemin Pouzato, Jucelia Stadinicki, Rodrigo Ribeiro-Rodrigues, Tulio de Lima Campos
Background
Oropouche virus (OROV) is an arbovirus endemic in the Amazon region that closely resembles other arboviruses in terms of human disease, leading to potential misdiagnoses. The virus ecology has mostly restricted its occurrence to the Amazon biome; however, after a large 2023–24 OROV epidemic in the Brazilian Amazon region, outbreaks are being reported across Brazil and in other countries in Latin America. Here, we investigate the OROV spread outside Amazonia.
Methods
In this genomic and epidemiological study, OROV cases from January, 2023, to July, 2024, provided by the General Coordination of Public Health Laboratories of Brazil on Aug 1, 2024, were compared by geographical location (Amazon vs non-Amazon) and municipal population size, and a linear mixed model was employed to assess the relationship between agricultural area size and cases. OROV-positive samples from central laboratories of five non-Amazonian Brazilian states were sequenced using an amplicon-based approach. Bayesian phylogeographical analysis was performed with near full-length viral genomes, incorporating individual travel histories when relevant. The estimated dates of viral introductions in each sampled location were then contextualised with public epidemiological data.
Findings
Epidemic data show that outside the Amazon region, OROV cases frequency was 3·9-times higher in small municipalities than in large municipalities. The planted areas of some agricultural products, such as banana plantations, were positively correlated (r=0·39, p<0·0001) with OROV cases. The linear mixed model revealed that, besides banana, cassava also has larger (p<0·05) planted areas in municipalities with OROV cases when compared with those with no cases. The phylogenetic analysis of 32 new OROV genomes reconstructed multiple exportation events of the newly identified reassortant lineage from the Amazon to other Brazilian regions between January and March, 2024. At least three of the previously described OROV phylogenetic clades circulating in the Amazon were the source of viral introductions. Molecular clock analysis estimated that viral introductions happened from 50 days to 100 days before detecting the outbreaks in each state.
Interpretation
Our results confirm that the novel OROV reassortant lineage spread from the Amazon to other regions in early 2024, successfully establishing local transmission. The fact that outbreaks were observed in small municipalities, instead of large urban centres, suggests that local ecological conditions that are ideal for OROV vector occurrence, such as the banana plantation environment, might be important factors driving its spread in Brazil.
Funding
DECIT, CNPq, FAPEAM, and Inova-Fiocruz.
Translation
For the Portuguese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00580-2
Harry Hutchins, Elizabeth Pretorius, John Bradley, Eunice Teixeira da Silva, Hristina Vasileva, Mamadou Ousmane Ndiath, Robert T Jones, Harouna dit Massire Soumare, Haddy Nyang, Aurelia Prom, Sarata Sambou, Fatima Ceesay, Sainey Ceesay, Sophie Moss, David Mabey, Paulo Djata, Jose Ernesto Nante, Cesario Martins, James G Logan, Hannah Slater, Anna Last
<h3>Background</h3>Arthropod vectors feeding on the blood of individuals treated with ivermectin have substantially increased mortality. Whether this effect will translate into a useful tool for reducing malaria burden at scale is not clear. Our trial aimed to assess whether using ivermectin as an adjunct to mass drug administration (MDA) with dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine would further reduce malaria prevalence.<h3>Methods</h3>MATAMAL was a quadruple-blinded, cluster-randomised, placebo-controlled trial, conducted on the Bijagos Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau, an area of seasonal malaria transmission. All residents were invited to participate, with exclusions for drug safety. 24 clusters were randomised in a 1:1 ratio, using restriction randomisation, to either MDA with three daily oral doses of dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine and ivermectin (300 μg/kg per day) in three sequential months during the transmission season in 2021 and 2022, or MDA with dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine and placebo in the same schedule. The primary outcome was quantitative PCR prevalence of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> parasitaemia in all age groups, during peak transmission, after the second year of intervention. The primary entomological outcome was anopheline parity rate. The trial is registered with <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg aria-label="Opens in new window" focusable="false" height="20" viewbox="0 0 8 8"><path d="M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z"></path></svg></span> (<span><span>NCT04844905</span><svg aria-label="Opens in new window" focusable="false" height="20" viewbox="0 0 8 8"><path d="M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z"></path></svg></span>).<h3>Findings</h3>Participants were recruited between June 7, 2021 and Sept 21, 2022. The baseline population was 25 882 (12 634 [50·6%] were female individuals and 12 317 [49·4%] were male individuals): 13 832 were in the intervention group and 12 050 in the control group. Cluster-level coverage for dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine ranged from 60·4% to 78·7%, and for ivermectin or ivermectin–placebo from 58·1 to 77·1%. Following the intervention, the prevalence of <em>P falciparum</em> infection was 118 (5·05%) of 2300 in the control group and 141 (6·64%) of 2083 in the intervention group. The adjusted risk difference was 1·67% (95% CI –1·44 to 4·78; p=0·28). There were 124 adverse events in the control group (1·0% of participants) and 267 in the intervention group (1·9% of participants). Two serious adverse events were reported, neither related to the intervention, and no treatment-related deaths. The anopheline parity rate was 1679 (67·8%) of 2475 in control clusters and 1740 (72·3%) of 2414 in intervention clusters. The adjusted risk difference was –1·32 (95% CI –14·77 to 12·12; p=0·84).<h3>Interpretation</h3>Adding ivermectin to dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine MDA had no additional effect on reducing
{"title":"Adjunctive ivermectin mass drug administration for malaria control on the Bijagos Archipelago of Guinea-Bissau (MATAMAL): a quadruple-blinded, cluster-randomised, placebo-controlled trial","authors":"Harry Hutchins, Elizabeth Pretorius, John Bradley, Eunice Teixeira da Silva, Hristina Vasileva, Mamadou Ousmane Ndiath, Robert T Jones, Harouna dit Massire Soumare, Haddy Nyang, Aurelia Prom, Sarata Sambou, Fatima Ceesay, Sainey Ceesay, Sophie Moss, David Mabey, Paulo Djata, Jose Ernesto Nante, Cesario Martins, James G Logan, Hannah Slater, Anna Last","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00580-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00580-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>Arthropod vectors feeding on the blood of individuals treated with ivermectin have substantially increased mortality. Whether this effect will translate into a useful tool for reducing malaria burden at scale is not clear. Our trial aimed to assess whether using ivermectin as an adjunct to mass drug administration (MDA) with dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine would further reduce malaria prevalence.<h3>Methods</h3>MATAMAL was a quadruple-blinded, cluster-randomised, placebo-controlled trial, conducted on the Bijagos Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau, an area of seasonal malaria transmission. All residents were invited to participate, with exclusions for drug safety. 24 clusters were randomised in a 1:1 ratio, using restriction randomisation, to either MDA with three daily oral doses of dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine and ivermectin (300 μg/kg per day) in three sequential months during the transmission season in 2021 and 2022, or MDA with dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine and placebo in the same schedule. The primary outcome was quantitative PCR prevalence of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> parasitaemia in all age groups, during peak transmission, after the second year of intervention. The primary entomological outcome was anopheline parity rate. The trial is registered with <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span> (<span><span>NCT04844905</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span>).<h3>Findings</h3>Participants were recruited between June 7, 2021 and Sept 21, 2022. The baseline population was 25 882 (12 634 [50·6%] were female individuals and 12 317 [49·4%] were male individuals): 13 832 were in the intervention group and 12 050 in the control group. Cluster-level coverage for dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine ranged from 60·4% to 78·7%, and for ivermectin or ivermectin–placebo from 58·1 to 77·1%. Following the intervention, the prevalence of <em>P falciparum</em> infection was 118 (5·05%) of 2300 in the control group and 141 (6·64%) of 2083 in the intervention group. The adjusted risk difference was 1·67% (95% CI –1·44 to 4·78; p=0·28). There were 124 adverse events in the control group (1·0% of participants) and 267 in the intervention group (1·9% of participants). Two serious adverse events were reported, neither related to the intervention, and no treatment-related deaths. The anopheline parity rate was 1679 (67·8%) of 2475 in control clusters and 1740 (72·3%) of 2414 in intervention clusters. The adjusted risk difference was –1·32 (95% CI –14·77 to 12·12; p=0·84).<h3>Interpretation</h3>Adding ivermectin to dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine MDA had no additional effect on reducing ","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00690-x
Matthew J Mimiaga, Nina T Harawa
No Abstract
无摘要
{"title":"The dangers of medication sharing at private sex parties","authors":"Matthew J Mimiaga, Nina T Harawa","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00690-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00690-x","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00747-3
Ed Holt
No Abstract
无摘要
{"title":"Gilead under fire over HIV drug licensing","authors":"Ed Holt","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00747-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00747-3","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"20 7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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