Pub Date : 2025-04-23DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00117-3
Thomas Hänscheid, Martin P Grobusch
No Abstract
{"title":"Balancing safety and efficacy: new insights on primaquine for malaria transmission blocking","authors":"Thomas Hänscheid, Martin P Grobusch","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00117-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00117-3","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-23DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00250-6
Sanjeet Bagcchi
Eminent infectious diseases and global health expert, and global pioneer of sexually transmitted infection research died on March, 9, 2025, aged 87 years.
{"title":"King Kennard Holmes","authors":"Sanjeet Bagcchi","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00250-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00250-6","url":null,"abstract":"Eminent infectious diseases and global health expert, and global pioneer of sexually transmitted infection research died on March, 9, 2025, aged 87 years.","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-23DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00078-7
Daniel Yilma, Kasia Stepniewska, Teun Bousema, Chris Drakeley, Prashanti Eachempati, Philippe J Guerin, Andreas Mårtensson, Richard Mwaiswelo, Walter R Taylor, Karen I Barnes
<h3>Background</h3>Adding a single dose of primaquine to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for the treatment of falciparum malaria can reduce the transmission of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> and could limit the spread of artemisinin partial resistance, including in Africa, where the disease burden is greatest. We aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of single-dose primaquine plus ACT between young children (aged <5 years) and older children (aged 5 years to <15 years) and adults (aged ≥15 years), and between low and moderate-to-high transmission areas.<h3>Methods</h3>For this systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, WHO Global Index Medicus, OpenGrey.eu, <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg aria-label="Opens in new window" focusable="false" height="20" viewbox="0 0 8 8"><path d="M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z"></path></svg></span>, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, from database inception to April 3, 2024, with no language restrictions. We included prospective studies on efficacy against falciparum malaria that enrolled at least one child younger than 15 years and involved a study group given a single dose of primaquine (≤0·75 mg/kg) plus ACT. Studies involving mass drug administration, healthy volunteers, or patients with severe malaria or mixed (with non-falciparum) infections were excluded. For inclusion in the efficacy analysis, data on transmission potential (as determined by gametocytaemia, infectivity, or both) at enrolment and follow-up (day 3, day 7, or day 14) were required; the safety analysis required data on haemoglobin concentrations or haematocrit values at enrolment and at one or more follow-up visits by day 7, any data on adverse events, or both. After independent screening of the search results by two reviewers, the investigators of eligible studies were invited to contribute individual patient data. We quantified day 7 gametocyte carriage, probability of infecting a mosquito, decreases (>25%) in haemoglobin concentration associated with anaemia, and adverse events until day 28 using regression analyses, with random study-site intercepts to account for clustered data. These analyses were registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021279363 (safety) and CRD42021279369 (efficacy).<h3>Findings</h3>Of 5697 records identified by the search, 30 studies were eligible for analysis. Of these, individual patient data were shared for 23 studies, including 6056 patients from 16 countries: 1171 (19·3%) young children (aged <5 years), 2827 (46·7%) older children (aged 5 years to <15 years), and 2058 (34·0%) adults (aged ≥15 years). Adding a single low dose of primaquine (0·2–0·25 mg/kg) to ACTs reduced day 7 gametocyte positivity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0·34, 95% CI 0·22–0·52; p<0·001) and infectivity to mosquitoes over
{"title":"Safety and efficacy of single-dose primaquine to interrupt Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission in children compared with adults: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis","authors":"Daniel Yilma, Kasia Stepniewska, Teun Bousema, Chris Drakeley, Prashanti Eachempati, Philippe J Guerin, Andreas Mårtensson, Richard Mwaiswelo, Walter R Taylor, Karen I Barnes","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00078-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00078-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>Adding a single dose of primaquine to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for the treatment of falciparum malaria can reduce the transmission of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> and could limit the spread of artemisinin partial resistance, including in Africa, where the disease burden is greatest. We aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of single-dose primaquine plus ACT between young children (aged <5 years) and older children (aged 5 years to <15 years) and adults (aged ≥15 years), and between low and moderate-to-high transmission areas.<h3>Methods</h3>For this systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, WHO Global Index Medicus, OpenGrey.eu, <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span>, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, from database inception to April 3, 2024, with no language restrictions. We included prospective studies on efficacy against falciparum malaria that enrolled at least one child younger than 15 years and involved a study group given a single dose of primaquine (≤0·75 mg/kg) plus ACT. Studies involving mass drug administration, healthy volunteers, or patients with severe malaria or mixed (with non-falciparum) infections were excluded. For inclusion in the efficacy analysis, data on transmission potential (as determined by gametocytaemia, infectivity, or both) at enrolment and follow-up (day 3, day 7, or day 14) were required; the safety analysis required data on haemoglobin concentrations or haematocrit values at enrolment and at one or more follow-up visits by day 7, any data on adverse events, or both. After independent screening of the search results by two reviewers, the investigators of eligible studies were invited to contribute individual patient data. We quantified day 7 gametocyte carriage, probability of infecting a mosquito, decreases (>25%) in haemoglobin concentration associated with anaemia, and adverse events until day 28 using regression analyses, with random study-site intercepts to account for clustered data. These analyses were registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021279363 (safety) and CRD42021279369 (efficacy).<h3>Findings</h3>Of 5697 records identified by the search, 30 studies were eligible for analysis. Of these, individual patient data were shared for 23 studies, including 6056 patients from 16 countries: 1171 (19·3%) young children (aged <5 years), 2827 (46·7%) older children (aged 5 years to <15 years), and 2058 (34·0%) adults (aged ≥15 years). Adding a single low dose of primaquine (0·2–0·25 mg/kg) to ACTs reduced day 7 gametocyte positivity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0·34, 95% CI 0·22–0·52; p<0·001) and infectivity to mosquitoes over","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-23DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00243-9
Ed Holt
No Abstract
{"title":"Drug misuse in prisons in Eastern Europe and Central Asia","authors":"Ed Holt","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00243-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00243-9","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Comparing the efficacy of preventive interventions against infectious diseases, such as vaccines, across different field clinical trials or between subpopulations within the same trial, is common practice. In the case of malaria, WHO has approved two biosimilar subunit vaccines in the past 3 years, both targeting the circumsporozoite protein of the Plasmodium falciparum parasite for mass vaccination. In paediatric phase 3 clinical trials in Africa, the R21 and RTS,S vaccines showed efficacies of 72% (95% CI 69–76) and 55% (51–59) against multiple episodes of clinical malaria in the first year of follow-up, respectively. Notably, R21 exhibited higher efficacy in seasonal transmission areas, whereas RTS,S showed substantial variation in efficacy across the 11 African trial sites, with no clear explanation for this heterogeneity. These efficacy estimates are used to inform public health policies and generate new research hypotheses. However, the fact that efficacy results from clinical trials reflect more than the individual biological protection provided by a treatment, and are also influenced by the intensity and distribution of disease transmission during the follow-up period, is often overlooked. In this Personal View, we review all non-biological factors that can affect efficacy estimates in clinical trials, and particularly focus on one factor that has received little attention despite its importance and ease of identification: the interaction of waning vaccine protection with changes in transmission intensity over time. When efficacy varies over time, typically in the form of waning protection as is the case for R21 and RTS,S efficacy, variations in disease transmission, such as those due to seasonality, outbreak spread, or age-related susceptibility, can cause some periods of the follow-up to have a stronger contribution to the overall estimate than others. This interaction results in real differences in the level of disease prevention achieved, which in turn affects all commonly reported time-aggregated efficacy estimates. Using published results from R21 and RTS,S trials, we show this effect and provide a series of counterfactual predictions, illustrating how vaccine efficacy might differ, by between 10% and 20% in some cases, under alternative vaccination dates. We also discuss how this effect might confound efforts to identify determinants of protective efficacy and offer recommendations to address it in the analysis and reporting of trial results.
{"title":"The effect of disease transmission on time-aggregated treatment efficacy estimates: a critical analysis of factors influencing the RTS,S and R21 malaria vaccine phase 3 trials","authors":"Dídac Macià, Margarita Pons-Salort, Gemma Moncunill, Carlota Dobaño","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00090-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00090-8","url":null,"abstract":"Comparing the efficacy of preventive interventions against infectious diseases, such as vaccines, across different field clinical trials or between subpopulations within the same trial, is common practice. In the case of malaria, WHO has approved two biosimilar subunit vaccines in the past 3 years, both targeting the circumsporozoite protein of the <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> parasite for mass vaccination. In paediatric phase 3 clinical trials in Africa, the R21 and RTS,S vaccines showed efficacies of 72% (95% CI 69–76) and 55% (51–59) against multiple episodes of clinical malaria in the first year of follow-up, respectively. Notably, R21 exhibited higher efficacy in seasonal transmission areas, whereas RTS,S showed substantial variation in efficacy across the 11 African trial sites, with no clear explanation for this heterogeneity. These efficacy estimates are used to inform public health policies and generate new research hypotheses. However, the fact that efficacy results from clinical trials reflect more than the individual biological protection provided by a treatment, and are also influenced by the intensity and distribution of disease transmission during the follow-up period, is often overlooked. In this Personal View, we review all non-biological factors that can affect efficacy estimates in clinical trials, and particularly focus on one factor that has received little attention despite its importance and ease of identification: the interaction of waning vaccine protection with changes in transmission intensity over time. When efficacy varies over time, typically in the form of waning protection as is the case for R21 and RTS,S efficacy, variations in disease transmission, such as those due to seasonality, outbreak spread, or age-related susceptibility, can cause some periods of the follow-up to have a stronger contribution to the overall estimate than others. This interaction results in real differences in the level of disease prevention achieved, which in turn affects all commonly reported time-aggregated efficacy estimates. Using published results from R21 and RTS,S trials, we show this effect and provide a series of counterfactual predictions, illustrating how vaccine efficacy might differ, by between 10% and 20% in some cases, under alternative vaccination dates. We also discuss how this effect might confound efforts to identify determinants of protective efficacy and offer recommendations to address it in the analysis and reporting of trial results.","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-23DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00246-4
Cahal McQuillan
<h2>Section snippets</h2><section><section><h2>Cholera in Angola</h2>As of March 28, 2025, 9274 cholera <span><span>cases</span><svg aria-label="Opens in new window" focusable="false" height="20" viewbox="0 0 8 8"><path d="M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z"></path></svg></span> had been reported in Angola, including 356 deaths. The outbreak began in early January and has now spread to 16 of Angola's 21 provinces. Individuals from all age groups have been affected, but children aged 6–14 years face the highest risk of infection, representing approximately 23% of all cases. The Angolan Ministry of Health, with support from WHO and partners, is managing the outbreak response through case detection, deployment of rapid response</section></section><section><section><h2>Measles in the USA</h2>Between Jan 1 and April 3, 2025, 22 US states reported 607 <span><span>cases</span><svg aria-label="Opens in new window" focusable="false" height="20" viewbox="0 0 8 8"><path d="M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z"></path></svg></span> of measles, including two deaths. The majority of cases (97%) are in children who are unvaccinated or have unknown vaccination status. 567 (93%) cases have been linked to six distinct outbreaks. Federal, state, and local health authorities and community partners are implementing public health measures to control the outbreak. As of March 3, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is providing remote technical assistance</section></section><section><section><h2>Lassa fever in Nigeria</h2>Between Jan 1 and April 1, 2025, the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention reported 645 Lassa fever <span><span>cases</span><svg aria-label="Opens in new window" focusable="false" height="20" viewbox="0 0 8 8"><path d="M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z"></path></svg></span>, including 118 deaths. More than 20 health workers have been infected. Lassa fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic fever caused by Lassa virus, which is typically carried by rodents. Despite years of campaigning on how to prevent the disease in the country, there have been no significant improvements in environmental hygiene in affected areas.</section></section><section><section><h2>Gastroenteritis in Latvia</h2>Between March 19 and April 3, 2025, 58 <span><span>cases</span><svg aria-label="Opens in new window" focusable="false" height="20" viewbox="0 0 8 8"><path d="M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z"></path></svg></span> of acute intestinal infection with Shiga toxin-producing <em>Escherichia coli</em> were recorded across several regions in Latvia, including 51 infections in children. As of April 8, 30 infected children were hospitalised, 17 were discharged, and five were in intensive care. Investigations by public health authorities have iden
{"title":"Infectious disease surveillance update","authors":"Cahal McQuillan","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00246-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00246-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>Section snippets</h2><section><section><h2>Cholera in Angola</h2>As of March 28, 2025, 9274 cholera <span><span>cases</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span> had been reported in Angola, including 356 deaths. The outbreak began in early January and has now spread to 16 of Angola's 21 provinces. Individuals from all age groups have been affected, but children aged 6–14 years face the highest risk of infection, representing approximately 23% of all cases. The Angolan Ministry of Health, with support from WHO and partners, is managing the outbreak response through case detection, deployment of rapid response</section></section><section><section><h2>Measles in the USA</h2>Between Jan 1 and April 3, 2025, 22 US states reported 607 <span><span>cases</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span> of measles, including two deaths. The majority of cases (97%) are in children who are unvaccinated or have unknown vaccination status. 567 (93%) cases have been linked to six distinct outbreaks. Federal, state, and local health authorities and community partners are implementing public health measures to control the outbreak. As of March 3, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is providing remote technical assistance</section></section><section><section><h2>Lassa fever in Nigeria</h2>Between Jan 1 and April 1, 2025, the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention reported 645 Lassa fever <span><span>cases</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span>, including 118 deaths. More than 20 health workers have been infected. Lassa fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic fever caused by Lassa virus, which is typically carried by rodents. Despite years of campaigning on how to prevent the disease in the country, there have been no significant improvements in environmental hygiene in affected areas.</section></section><section><section><h2>Gastroenteritis in Latvia</h2>Between March 19 and April 3, 2025, 58 <span><span>cases</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span> of acute intestinal infection with Shiga toxin-producing <em>Escherichia coli</em> were recorded across several regions in Latvia, including 51 infections in children. As of April 8, 30 infected children were hospitalised, 17 were discharged, and five were in intensive care. Investigations by public health authorities have iden","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-23DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00244-0
Priya Venkatesan
<h2>Section snippets</h2><section><section><h2>Discovery of a new antibiotic</h2><span><span>Researchers</span><svg aria-label="Opens in new window" focusable="false" height="20" viewbox="0 0 8 8"><path d="M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z"></path></svg></span> in the USA and Canada identified a new broad-spectrum antibiotic in a soil sample from a colleague's garden. After growing bacterial strains from samples on soil-agar plates at room temperature for about 1 year, the methanolic extract of the <em>Paenibacillus</em> spp M2 strain was found to have potent antibacterial activity, even against colistin-resistant <em>Escherichia coli</em>, and had no matches in antibiotic databases. Purification of the compound revealed a lasso peptide, with a distinctive</section></section><section><section><h2>Intranasal H5N1 vaccines</h2>Two intranasal vaccine candidates against influenza A H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b have been <span><span>developed</span><svg aria-label="Opens in new window" focusable="false" height="20" viewbox="0 0 8 8"><path d="M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z"></path></svg></span> in China using NS1-deleted live attenuated influenza viral vectors, a system used previously to develop a COVID-19 vaccine. Intranasal immunisation (10<sup>6</sup> plaque-forming units) of mice and hamsters with either of the new vaccines provided protection against challenge with reverse genetic versions of highly pathogenic cattle and mink H5N1 viruses, with no disease apparent or virus detected during the</section></section><section><section><h2>Monoclonal antibodies for hepatitis E virus</h2><span><span>Researchers</span><svg aria-label="Opens in new window" focusable="false" height="20" viewbox="0 0 8 8"><path d="M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z"></path></svg></span> developed nine monoclonal antibodies from mouse cell lines against the capsid protein of hepatitis E virus (HEV)-3. Three antibodies bound to specific HEV peptide sequences, and one—5F6A1—demonstrated the greatest neutralisation capacity against an HEV-3 strain in vitro. 5F6A1 was subsequently tested in vivo in pigs infected with HEV-3, with the animals intravenously receiving 2·46 g of the antibody on days 1 and 7 after infection. Circulating monoclonal antibodies were detected in</section></section><section><section><h2><em>bla</em>OXA-181 in <em>Salmonella enterica</em> in Italy</h2>Genomic <span><span>surveillance</span><svg aria-label="Opens in new window" focusable="false" height="20" viewbox="0 0 8 8"><path d="M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z"></path></svg></span> of thousands of <em>Salmonella</em> isolates in northern Italy revealed the emergence of <em>Salmonella enterica</em> carrying the carbapenemase-coding <em>bla</em>OXA-181 gene. As part of ongoing testing, the Istit
{"title":"Research in brief","authors":"Priya Venkatesan","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00244-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00244-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>Section snippets</h2><section><section><h2>Discovery of a new antibiotic</h2><span><span>Researchers</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span> in the USA and Canada identified a new broad-spectrum antibiotic in a soil sample from a colleague's garden. After growing bacterial strains from samples on soil-agar plates at room temperature for about 1 year, the methanolic extract of the <em>Paenibacillus</em> spp M2 strain was found to have potent antibacterial activity, even against colistin-resistant <em>Escherichia coli</em>, and had no matches in antibiotic databases. Purification of the compound revealed a lasso peptide, with a distinctive</section></section><section><section><h2>Intranasal H5N1 vaccines</h2>Two intranasal vaccine candidates against influenza A H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b have been <span><span>developed</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span> in China using NS1-deleted live attenuated influenza viral vectors, a system used previously to develop a COVID-19 vaccine. Intranasal immunisation (10<sup>6</sup> plaque-forming units) of mice and hamsters with either of the new vaccines provided protection against challenge with reverse genetic versions of highly pathogenic cattle and mink H5N1 viruses, with no disease apparent or virus detected during the</section></section><section><section><h2>Monoclonal antibodies for hepatitis E virus</h2><span><span>Researchers</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span> developed nine monoclonal antibodies from mouse cell lines against the capsid protein of hepatitis E virus (HEV)-3. Three antibodies bound to specific HEV peptide sequences, and one—5F6A1—demonstrated the greatest neutralisation capacity against an HEV-3 strain in vitro. 5F6A1 was subsequently tested in vivo in pigs infected with HEV-3, with the animals intravenously receiving 2·46 g of the antibody on days 1 and 7 after infection. Circulating monoclonal antibodies were detected in</section></section><section><section><h2><em>bla</em>OXA-181 in <em>Salmonella enterica</em> in Italy</h2>Genomic <span><span>surveillance</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span> of thousands of <em>Salmonella</em> isolates in northern Italy revealed the emergence of <em>Salmonella enterica</em> carrying the carbapenemase-coding <em>bla</em>OXA-181 gene. As part of ongoing testing, the Istit","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-23DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00107-0
Patricia Mester, Arne Kandulski, Florian Weber, Stephan Schmid, Martina Müller, Vlad Pavel
Section snippets
Contributors
PM and VP contributed to conceptualisation, data curation, and wrote the original manuscript. AK reviewed and edited the manuscript. SS reviewed the manuscript. PM, VP, and AK contributed to the clinical management of the patient. FW contributed to data curation and reviewed the manuscript. MM reviewed and edited the manuscript. Informed consent was obtained from the patient before publication.
Declaration of interests
AK declares consulting fees from Boston Scientific, Bayer Pharma, Janssen-Cilag, Roche Pharma, MSD, AbbVie Germany; honoraria for lectures and presentations from Janssen-Cilag, Fujifilm Germany, Boston Scientific, Micro-Tech, AbbVie Germany, Roche Pharma, Bayer Pharma; and support for attending meetings from Janssen-Cilag and AbbVie Germany. MM declares grants from Wilhelm Sander Foundation, Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action Germany (Zentrales Innovationsprogramm
Acknowledgments
We thank Nadine Theissen (Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg) for providing details on microbiological diagnostics.
{"title":"Disseminated tuberculosis with gastrointestinal involvement caused by Mycobacterium bovis in a patient after liver transplantation","authors":"Patricia Mester, Arne Kandulski, Florian Weber, Stephan Schmid, Martina Müller, Vlad Pavel","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00107-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00107-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>Section snippets</h2><section><section><h2>Contributors</h2>PM and VP contributed to conceptualisation, data curation, and wrote the original manuscript. AK reviewed and edited the manuscript. SS reviewed the manuscript. PM, VP, and AK contributed to the clinical management of the patient. FW contributed to data curation and reviewed the manuscript. MM reviewed and edited the manuscript. Informed consent was obtained from the patient before publication.</section></section><section><section><h2>Declaration of interests</h2>AK declares consulting fees from Boston Scientific, Bayer Pharma, Janssen-Cilag, Roche Pharma, MSD, AbbVie Germany; honoraria for lectures and presentations from Janssen-Cilag, Fujifilm Germany, Boston Scientific, Micro-Tech, AbbVie Germany, Roche Pharma, Bayer Pharma; and support for attending meetings from Janssen-Cilag and AbbVie Germany. MM declares grants from Wilhelm Sander Foundation, Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action Germany (Zentrales Innovationsprogramm</section></section><section><section><h2>Acknowledgments</h2>We thank Nadine Theissen (Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg) for providing details on microbiological diagnostics.</section></section>","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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