Pub Date : 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00822-3
Cahal McQuillan
<h2>Section snippets</h2><section><section><h2>Unknown disease in DR Congo</h2>Public health authorities in DR Congo have reported an outbreak of <span><span>unknown origin</span><svg aria-label="Opens in new window" focusable="false" height="20" viewbox="0 0 8 8"><path d="M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z"></path></svg></span> in the Panzi district in Kwango province. As of Dec 5, 2024, there had been 406 infections identified, 31 confirmed deaths, and more than 100 suspected deaths. Infections reportedly began on Oct 24, and the disease is predominantly affecting children, with most cases occurring in those younger than 14 years. The signs and symptoms include fever, headaches, cough, dyspnoea, anaemia, and rhinorrhoea. In response to</section></section><section><section><h2><em>Salmonella</em> Typhimurium in the USA</h2>As of Dec 5, 2024, 68 cases of <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serotype Typhimurium infection have been <span><span>reported</span><svg aria-label="Opens in new window" focusable="false" height="20" viewbox="0 0 8 8"><path d="M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z"></path></svg></span> in 19 states in the USA. Information is available for 50 infected individuals, of whom 18 have been hospitalised and no deaths have been reported. The infections have been linked to cucumbers grown in Sonora, Mexico. The distributor has issued a voluntary recall on all cucumbers sold by importers on or after Oct 12, 2024. The US Food and Drug Administration's investigation is ongoing.</section></section><section><section><h2>Legionellosis in Spain</h2>On Nov 20, 2024, public health authorities in Spain <span><span>reported</span><svg aria-label="Opens in new window" focusable="false" height="20" viewbox="0 0 8 8"><path d="M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z"></path></svg></span> three confirmed cases of legionellosis in Valencia. Beyond residing in municipalities affected by flooding due to DANA (high-altitude isolated depression), the three infected individuals had no epidemiological link. All three had risk factors related to previous pathologies, and as of Nov 22, two of them remained in hospital. The regional Ministry of Health is emphasising the importance of following all recommendations approved by the</section></section><section><section><h2>Chikungunya in Réunion</h2>From Aug 23 to Dec 6, 2024, Public Health France <span><span>recorded</span><svg aria-label="Opens in new window" focusable="false" height="20" viewbox="0 0 8 8"><path d="M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z"></path></svg></span> 32 cases of chikungunya in Réunion. In addition to three isolated cases, there are three active outbreaks—one in the west of the island and two in the south. The Regional Health Agency of Réunion has deployed control measures and is encouraging r
{"title":"Infectious disease surveillance update","authors":"Cahal McQuillan","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00822-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00822-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>Section snippets</h2><section><section><h2>Unknown disease in DR Congo</h2>Public health authorities in DR Congo have reported an outbreak of <span><span>unknown origin</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span> in the Panzi district in Kwango province. As of Dec 5, 2024, there had been 406 infections identified, 31 confirmed deaths, and more than 100 suspected deaths. Infections reportedly began on Oct 24, and the disease is predominantly affecting children, with most cases occurring in those younger than 14 years. The signs and symptoms include fever, headaches, cough, dyspnoea, anaemia, and rhinorrhoea. In response to</section></section><section><section><h2><em>Salmonella</em> Typhimurium in the USA</h2>As of Dec 5, 2024, 68 cases of <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serotype Typhimurium infection have been <span><span>reported</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span> in 19 states in the USA. Information is available for 50 infected individuals, of whom 18 have been hospitalised and no deaths have been reported. The infections have been linked to cucumbers grown in Sonora, Mexico. The distributor has issued a voluntary recall on all cucumbers sold by importers on or after Oct 12, 2024. The US Food and Drug Administration's investigation is ongoing.</section></section><section><section><h2>Legionellosis in Spain</h2>On Nov 20, 2024, public health authorities in Spain <span><span>reported</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span> three confirmed cases of legionellosis in Valencia. Beyond residing in municipalities affected by flooding due to DANA (high-altitude isolated depression), the three infected individuals had no epidemiological link. All three had risk factors related to previous pathologies, and as of Nov 22, two of them remained in hospital. The regional Ministry of Health is emphasising the importance of following all recommendations approved by the</section></section><section><section><h2>Chikungunya in Réunion</h2>From Aug 23 to Dec 6, 2024, Public Health France <span><span>recorded</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span> 32 cases of chikungunya in Réunion. In addition to three isolated cases, there are three active outbreaks—one in the west of the island and two in the south. The Regional Health Agency of Réunion has deployed control measures and is encouraging r","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142887767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00830-2
GBD 2021 Upper Respiratory Infections and Otitis Media Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections and otitis media, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Infect Dis 2024; 25: 36–51—In this Article, the second-to-last sentence of the Research in Context panel should have read “Implementing targeted preventive interventions could help to reduce the burden of URIs and otitis media in children younger than 2 years, who account for the highest rate of episodes across all age groups.” This correction has been made to the online version as of Dec 27, 2024 and the printed version is correct.
{"title":"Correction to Lancet Infect Dis 2025; 25: 36–51","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00830-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00830-2","url":null,"abstract":"<em>GBD 2021 Upper Respiratory Infections and Otitis Media Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections and otitis media, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.</em> Lancet Infect Dis <em>2024; <strong>25:</strong> 36–51</em>—In this Article, the second-to-last sentence of the Research in Context panel should have read “Implementing targeted preventive interventions could help to reduce the burden of URIs and otitis media in children younger than 2 years, who account for the highest rate of episodes across all age groups.” This correction has been made to the online version as of Dec 27, 2024 and the printed version is correct.","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142887761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00825-9
Talha Burki
No Abstract
{"title":"Robert F Kennedy Junior—how concerned should we be?","authors":"Talha Burki","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00825-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00825-9","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142887765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00826-0
Sanjeet Bagcchi
No Abstract
{"title":"Novel and inexpensive skin test to detect tuberculosis","authors":"Sanjeet Bagcchi","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00826-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00826-0","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142887764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00821-1
Farooq Kazi, Ammara Mushtaq
No Abstract
{"title":"Maria Eugenia Toledo-Romani—doing a lot with the least","authors":"Farooq Kazi, Ammara Mushtaq","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00821-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00821-1","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142887769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-20DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00737-0
Richard Idro, Thandile Nkosi-Gondwe, Robert Opoka, John M Ssenkusu, Kalibbala Dennis, Lufina Tsirizani, Pamela Akun, Joseph Rujumba, Winnie Nambatya, Carol Kamya, Nomsa Phiri, Kirikumwino Joanita, Ronald Komata, Mailosi Innussa, Emmanuel Tenywa, Chandy C John, Joel Tarning, Paolo Denti, Roeland E Wasmann, Feiko O ter Kuile, Kamija S Phiri
<h3>Background</h3>In many sub-Saharan African countries, it is recommended that children with sickle cell anaemia receive malaria chemoprevention with monthly sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine or daily proguanil as the standard of care. However, the efficacy of these interventions is compromised by high-grade antifolate resistance of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> and poor adherence. We aimed to compare the efficacy of weekly dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine and monthly sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine for the prevention of clinical malaria in children with sickle cell anaemia in areas with high-grade sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine resistance of <em>P falciparum</em> in Uganda and Malawi.<h3>Methods</h3>We did an individually randomised, parallel group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at two hospitals in Uganda and two hospitals in Malawi. Children (aged 6 months to 15 years) with sickle cell anaemia with a bodyweight of at least 5kg were randomly assigned (1:1) by computer-generated block randomisation, stratified by site and weight category, to receive either weekly dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine (approximately 2·5 mg per kg bodyweight dihydroartemisinin and 20 mg per kg bodyweight per day piperaquine) or monthly sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (approximately 25 mg per kg bodyweight sulfadoxine and 1·25 mg per kg bodyweight). Placebos matching the alternative treatment were used in each treatment group to maintain masking of the different dosing schedules from the participants and caregivers, study staff, investigators, and data analysts. All children younger than 5 years received penicillin twice daily as standard of care. The primary endpoint was the incidence of clinical malaria, defined as a history of fever in the preceding 48 h or documented axillary temperature of 37·5°C or higher plus the detection of <em>P falciparum</em> parasites on microscopy (any parasite density). Secondary efficacy outcomes were any malaria parasitaemia (on either microscopy or malaria rapid diagnostic test), all-cause unscheduled clinic visits, all-cause and malaria-specific hospitalisation, sickle cell anaemia-related events (including vaso-occlusive crises, acute chest syndrome, stroke), need for blood transfusion, and death. All primary and secondary outcomes were assessed in the modified intention-to-treat population, which included all participants who were randomly assigned for whom endpoint data were available. Safety was assessed in in all children who received at least one dose of the study drug. Complete case analysis was conducted using negative-binomial regression. This study was registered with <span><span>Clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg aria-label="Opens in new window" focusable="false" height="20" viewbox="0 0 8 8"><path d="M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z"></path></svg></span>, <span><span>NCT04844099</span><svg aria-label="Opens in new window" focusable="false" height="20" viewbox="0 0 8 8"><path d="M1.12949 2.1
{"title":"Weekly dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine versus monthly sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine for malaria chemoprevention in children with sickle cell anaemia in Uganda and Malawi (CHEMCHA): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","authors":"Richard Idro, Thandile Nkosi-Gondwe, Robert Opoka, John M Ssenkusu, Kalibbala Dennis, Lufina Tsirizani, Pamela Akun, Joseph Rujumba, Winnie Nambatya, Carol Kamya, Nomsa Phiri, Kirikumwino Joanita, Ronald Komata, Mailosi Innussa, Emmanuel Tenywa, Chandy C John, Joel Tarning, Paolo Denti, Roeland E Wasmann, Feiko O ter Kuile, Kamija S Phiri","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00737-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00737-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>In many sub-Saharan African countries, it is recommended that children with sickle cell anaemia receive malaria chemoprevention with monthly sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine or daily proguanil as the standard of care. However, the efficacy of these interventions is compromised by high-grade antifolate resistance of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> and poor adherence. We aimed to compare the efficacy of weekly dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine and monthly sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine for the prevention of clinical malaria in children with sickle cell anaemia in areas with high-grade sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine resistance of <em>P falciparum</em> in Uganda and Malawi.<h3>Methods</h3>We did an individually randomised, parallel group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at two hospitals in Uganda and two hospitals in Malawi. Children (aged 6 months to 15 years) with sickle cell anaemia with a bodyweight of at least 5kg were randomly assigned (1:1) by computer-generated block randomisation, stratified by site and weight category, to receive either weekly dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine (approximately 2·5 mg per kg bodyweight dihydroartemisinin and 20 mg per kg bodyweight per day piperaquine) or monthly sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (approximately 25 mg per kg bodyweight sulfadoxine and 1·25 mg per kg bodyweight). Placebos matching the alternative treatment were used in each treatment group to maintain masking of the different dosing schedules from the participants and caregivers, study staff, investigators, and data analysts. All children younger than 5 years received penicillin twice daily as standard of care. The primary endpoint was the incidence of clinical malaria, defined as a history of fever in the preceding 48 h or documented axillary temperature of 37·5°C or higher plus the detection of <em>P falciparum</em> parasites on microscopy (any parasite density). Secondary efficacy outcomes were any malaria parasitaemia (on either microscopy or malaria rapid diagnostic test), all-cause unscheduled clinic visits, all-cause and malaria-specific hospitalisation, sickle cell anaemia-related events (including vaso-occlusive crises, acute chest syndrome, stroke), need for blood transfusion, and death. All primary and secondary outcomes were assessed in the modified intention-to-treat population, which included all participants who were randomly assigned for whom endpoint data were available. Safety was assessed in in all children who received at least one dose of the study drug. Complete case analysis was conducted using negative-binomial regression. This study was registered with <span><span>Clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span>, <span><span>NCT04844099</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-20DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00745-x
Thomas N Williams, Russell E Ware
No Abstract
{"title":"Malaria prophylaxis in sickle cell anaemia: some answers, more questions","authors":"Thomas N Williams, Russell E Ware","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00745-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00745-x","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00859-4
Bézay N, Wagner L, Kadlecek V, et al. Optimisation of dose level and vaccination schedule for the VLA15 Lyme borreliosis vaccine candidate among healthy adults: two randomised, observer-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 2 studies. Lancet Infect Dis 2024; 24: 1045–58—The appendix of this Article has been updated as of Dec 19, 2024.
{"title":"Correction to Lancet Infect Dis 2024; 24: 1045–58","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00859-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00859-4","url":null,"abstract":"<em>Bézay N, Wagner L, Kadlecek V, et al. Optimisation of dose level and vaccination schedule for the VLA15 Lyme borreliosis vaccine candidate among healthy adults: two randomised, observer-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 2 studies.</em> Lancet Infect Dis <em>2024;</em> 24: <em>1045–58</em>—The appendix of this Article has been updated as of Dec 19, 2024.","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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