Lancet Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"The need for novel approaches to HIV-1 vaccine development.","authors":"Clara Lehmann, Philipp Schommers","doi":"10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00398-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00398-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1178-1179"},"PeriodicalIF":36.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two dose levels of once-weekly fosravuconazole versus daily itraconazole in combination with surgery in patients with eumycetoma in Sudan: a randomised, double-blind, phase 2, proof-of-concept superiority trial.","authors":"Ahmed H Fahal, Eiman Siddig Ahmed, Sahar Mubarak Bakhiet, Osama Elhadi Bakhiet, Lamis Ahmed Fahal, Abubakar Ahmed Mohamed, El Semani Widaa Mohamedelamin, Mustafa El Nour Bahar, Hadil Yassir Attalla, Emmanuel Edwar Siddig, Najwa A Mhmoud, Ahmed Mudawi Musa, Wendy W J van de Sande, Bruno Scherrer, Peelen Oyieko, Thaddaeus W Egondi, Kevin O Onyango, Katsura Hata, Wan-Yu Chu, Thomas P C Dorlo, Roger J Brüggemann, Borna A Nyaoke, Nathalie Strub-Wourgaft, Eduard E Zijlstra","doi":"10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00404-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00404-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Eumycetoma is an implantation mycosis characterised by a large subcutaneous mass in the extremities commonly caused by the fungus Madurella mycetomatis. Despite the long duration of treatment, commonly a minimum of 12 months, treatment failure is frequent and can lead to amputation. We aimed to compare the efficacy of two doses of fosravuconazole, a synthetic antifungal designed for use in onychomycosis and repurposed for mycetoma, with standard-of-care itraconazole, both in combination with surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This phase 2, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, superiority trial was conducted in a single centre in Sudan. Patients with eumycetoma caused by M mycetomatis, who were aged 15 years or older, with a set lesion diameter (>2 cm and ≤16 cm) requiring surgery were included. There was a limit of 20 female patients in the initial enrolment, owing to preclinical toxicity concerns. Exclusion criteria included previous surgical or medical treatment for eumycetoma; presence of loco-regional lymphatic extension; osteomyelitis, or other bone involvement; pregnancy or lactation; severe concomitant diseases; a BMI under 16 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; contraindication to use of the study drugs; pre-existing liver disease; lymphatic extension; osteomyelitis; transaminase levels more than two times the laboratory's upper limit of normal, or elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase or bilirubin; or any history of hypersensitivity to any azole antifungal drug. Patients were randomly allocated in a 1:1:1 ratio to 300 mg fosravuconazole weekly for 12 months (group 1); 200 mg fosravuconazole weekly for 12 months (group 2); or 400 mg itraconazole daily for 12 months (group 3) using a random number list with non-disclosed fixed blocks of size 12, with equal allocation to each of the three arms within a block. To ensure masking between groups, placebo pills were used to disguise the difference in dosing schedules. All groups took pills twice daily with meals. In all groups, surgery was performed at 6 months. The primary outcome was complete cure at end of treatment at the month 12 visit, as evidenced by absence of mycetoma mass, sinuses, and discharge; normal ultrasonography or MRI examination of the eumycetoma site; and, if a mass was present, negative fungal culture from the former mycetoma site. The primary outcome was assessed in the modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population (all patients who received one or more treatment dose with one or more primary efficacy assessment). Safety was assessed in all patients who received one or more doses of the study drug. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03086226) and is complete.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Between May 9, 2017, and June 10, 2021, 104 patients were randomly allocated (34 in group 1 and 2, respectively, and 36 in group 3). 86 (83%) of 104 patients were male and 18 (17%) patients were female. After an unplanned second interim an","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1254-1265"},"PeriodicalIF":36.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oropouche virus genomic surveillance in Brazil.","authors":"Filipe Romero Rebello Moreira, João Victor Rodrigues Dutra, André Henrique Barbosa de Carvalho, Clarisse Rezende Reis, Jéssica Silqueira Hickson Rios, Marisa de Oliveira Ribeiro, Monica Barcellos Arruda, Patricia Alvarez, Renan Pedra Souza, Carolina Voloch, Danielle Alves Gomes Zauli, Renato Santana Aguiar","doi":"10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00558-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00558-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e664-e666"},"PeriodicalIF":36.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine hesitancy in Scandinavia.","authors":"Hollie Sherwood-Martin","doi":"10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00620-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00620-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1197"},"PeriodicalIF":36.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Edging towards a third dengue vaccine.","authors":"Annika B Wilder-Smith, David O Freedman, Annelies Wilder-Smith","doi":"10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00434-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00434-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1182-1184"},"PeriodicalIF":36.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of indoor residual spraying on sandfly abundance and incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in India, 2016-22: an interrupted time-series analysis and modelling study.","authors":"Luc E Coffeng, Sake J de Vlas, Rudra Pratap Singh, Ananthu James, Joy Bindroo, Niteen K Sharma, Asgar Ali, Chandramani Singh, Sadhana Sharma, Michael Coleman","doi":"10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00420-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00420-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Efforts to eliminate visceral leishmaniasis in India mainly consist of early detection and treatment of cases and indoor residual spraying with insecticides to kill the phlebotomine sandfly Phlebotomus argentipes that transmits the causative Leishmania protozoa. In this modelling study, we aimed to estimate the effect of indoor residual spraying (IRS) on vector abundance and transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this time-series analysis and modelling study, we assessed the effect of IRS on vector abundance by using indoor vector-abundance data (from 2016 to 2022) and IRS quality-assurance data (from 2017-20) from 50 villages in eight endemic blocks in India where IRS was implemented programmatically. To assess a potential dose-response relation between insecticide concentrations and changes in sandfly abundance, we examined the correlation between site-level insecticide concentrations and the site-level data for monthly sandfly abundances. We used mathematical modelling to link vector data to visceral leishmaniasis case numbers from the national Kala-Azar Management Information System registry (2013-21), and to predict the effect of IRS on numbers of averted cases and deaths.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>IRS was estimated to reduce indoor sandfly abundance by 27% (95% CI 20-34). Concentrations of insecticides on walls were significantly-but weakly-associated with the degree of reduction in vector abundance, with a reduction of -0·0023 (95% CI -0·0040 to -0·0007) sandflies per mg/m² insecticide (p=0·0057). Reported case numbers of visceral leishmaniasis were well explained by trends in vector abundance. Village-wide IRS in response to a newly detected case of visceral leishmaniasis was predicted to reduce disease incidence by 6-40% depending on the presumed reduction in vector abundance modelled.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Indoor residual spraying has substantially reduced sandfly abundance in India, which has contributed to reductions in visceral leishmaniasis and related deaths. To prevent the re-emergence of visceral leishmaniasis as a public health problem, surveillance of transmission and sandfly abundance is warranted.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.</p><p><strong>Translation: </strong>For the Hindi translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.</p>","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1266-1274"},"PeriodicalIF":36.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measures to prevent and treat Nipah virus disease: research priorities for 2024-29.","authors":"Kristine A Moore, Angela J Mehr, Julia T Ostrowsky, Angela K Ulrich, Nicolina M Moua, Petra C Fay, Peter J Hart, Josephine P Golding, Virginia Benassi, Marie-Pierre Preziosi, Christopher C Broder, Emmie de Wit, Pierre B H Formenty, Alexander N Freiberg, Emily S Gurley, Kim Halpin, Stephen P Luby, Laura T Mazzola, Joel M Montgomery, Christina F Spiropoulou, Devendra T Mourya, Shahana Parveen, Mahmudur Rahman, Cathy Roth, Lin-Fa Wang, Michael T Osterholm","doi":"10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00262-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00262-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nipah virus causes highly lethal disease, with case-fatality rates ranging from 40% to 100% in recognised outbreaks. No treatments or licensed vaccines are currently available for the prevention and control of Nipah virus infection. In 2019, WHO published an advanced draft of a research and development roadmap for accelerating development of medical countermeasures, including diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines, to enable effective and timely emergency response to Nipah virus outbreaks. This Personal View provides an update to the WHO roadmap by defining current research priorities for development of Nipah virus medical countermeasures, based primarily on literature published in the last 5 years and consensus opinion of 15 subject matter experts with broad experience in development of medical countermeasures for Nipah virus or experience in the epidemiology, ecology, or public health control of outbreaks of Nipah virus. The research priorities are organised into four main sections: cross-cutting issues (for those that apply to more than one category of medical countermeasures), diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. The strategic goals and milestones identified in each section focus on key achievements that are needed over the next 6 years to ensure that the necessary tools are available for rapid response to future outbreaks of Nipah virus or related henipaviruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e707-e717"},"PeriodicalIF":36.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limitations of mpox lateral flow tests in assessing orthopoxvirus immunity.","authors":"Toby Jones, Scott Jones, Bethany Hicks, Hannah Selman, Cathy Rowe, Ashley D Otter","doi":"10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00556-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00556-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e660-e661"},"PeriodicalIF":36.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mpox outbreak-tecovirimat resistance, management approaches, and challenges in HIV-endemic regions.","authors":"Wyvine Ansima Bapolisi, Susanne Krasemann, Misaki Wayengera, Bruce Kirenga, Esto Bahizire, Espoir Bwenge Malembaka, Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo, Robert Colebunders, Patrick Dmc Katoto","doi":"10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00591-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00591-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e672-e673"},"PeriodicalIF":36.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and immunogenicity of the live-attenuated hRVFV-4s vaccine against Rift Valley fever in healthy adults: a dose-escalation, placebo-controlled, first-in-human, phase 1 randomised clinical trial.","authors":"Isabel Leroux-Roels, Chittappen Kandiyil Prajeeth, Amare Aregay, Niranjana Nair, Guus F Rimmelzwaan, Albert D M E Osterhaus, Simone Kardinahl, Sabrina Pelz, Stephan Bauer, Valentino D'Onofrio, Azhar Alhatemi, Bart Jacobs, Fien De Boever, Sharon Porrez, Gwenn Waerlop, Carine Punt, Bart Hendriks, Ellemieke von Mauw, Sandra van de Water, Jose Harders-Westerveen, Barry Rockx, Lucien van Keulen, Jeroen Kortekaas, Geert Leroux-Roels, Paul J Wichgers Schreur","doi":"10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00375-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00375-X","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Rift Valley fever virus, a pathogen to ruminants, camelids, and humans, is an emerging mosquito-borne bunyavirus currently endemic to Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Although animals are primarily infected via mosquito bites, humans mainly become infected following contact with infected tissues or fluids of infected animals. There is an urgent need for adequate countermeasures, especially for humans, because effective therapeutics or vaccines are not yet available. Here we assessed the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a next-generation, four-segmented, live-attenuated vaccine candidate, referred to as hRVFV-4s, in humans.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A first-in-human, single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was done in Belgium in which a single dose of hRVFV-4s was administered to healthy volunteers aged 18-45 years. Participants were randomly assigned using an interactive web response system. The study population encompassed 75 participants naive to Rift Valley fever virus infection, divided over three dosage groups (cohorts) of 25 participants each. All participants were followed up until 6 months. Using a staggered dose escalating approach, 20 individuals of each cohort were injected in the deltoid muscle of the non-dominant arm with either 10&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; (low dose), 10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; (medium dose), or 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; (high dose) of 50% tissue culture infectious dose of hRVFV-4s as based on animal data, and five individuals per cohort received formulation buffer as a placebo. Primary outcome measures in the intention-to-treat population were adverse events and tolerability. Secondary outcome measures were vaccine-induced viraemia, vaccine virus shedding, Rift Valley fever virus nucleocapsid antibody responses (with ELISA), and neutralising antibody titres. Furthermore, exploratory objectives included the assessment of cellular immune responses by ELISpot. The trial was registered with the EU Clinical Trials Register, 2022-501460-17-00.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Findings: &lt;/strong&gt;Between August and December, 2022, all 75 participants were vaccinated. No serious adverse events or vaccine-related severe adverse events were reported. Pain at the injection site (51 [85%] of 60 participants) was most frequently reported as solicited local adverse event, and headache (28 [47%] of 60) and fatigue (28 [47%] of 60) as solicited systemic adverse events in the active group. No vaccine virus RNA was detected in any of the blood, saliva, urine, or semen samples. Rift Valley fever virus nucleocapsid antibody responses were detected in most participants who were vaccinated with hRVFV-4s (43 [72%] of 60 on day 14) irrespective of the administered dose. In contrast, a clear dose-response relationship was observed for neutralising antibodies on day 28 with four (20%) of 20 participants responding in the low-dose group, 13 (65%) of 20 responding in the medium-dose group, and all participants (20 [100%] of","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1245-1253"},"PeriodicalIF":36.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}