The study was conducted by Climate Predictability Tools (CPT) to forecast (short-range forecast) the seasonal mean temperature over Rangpur for six Bengali seasons in Bangladesh. In this study, the sea surface temperature (SST) for the period of 1975 to the previous month of each season of 2008 was used as the predictor. This study also evaluated the difference between forecasted seasonal mean temperature and observed seasonal mean temperature for six seasons. To find the SST that is similar to the temperature in Rangpur, a correlation between the temperature of Rangpur and the sea surface temperature of various parts of the earth was performed through CPT using both data of 1975- 2008 years. The obtained SST through correlation that is more or less similar to the temperature in Rangpur was used as a predictor to forecast seasonal mean temperature of the year 2009. Statistical and mathematical methods were applied by CPT in this research which included canonical correlation analysis, covariance matrix, and eigenvalues equations.The study found that the forecasted seasonal mean temperature was higher in rainy and winter seasons than the temperature observed and was lower in summer, autumn, late autumn, and spring season than the observed temperature at Rangpur. The maximum overestimated temperature was found to be 0.52oC/day in winter and the maximum underestimated temperature was found to be 0.54oC/day in autumn. On the other hand, the minimum overestimated temperature was found during the rainy season having the value of 0.34oC/day and the minimum underestimated temperature was obtained during the summer season having the value of 0.25oC/day, which was the best-forecasted temperature. Therefore, the forecasted values of temperature in the summer and rainy seasons were found closer to the observed temperature during 2009. So, it can be said that it is possible to obtain good forecasting of temperature through CPT.
{"title":"Forecasting seasonal mean temperature over Rangpur, Bangladesh","authors":"Z. Hossain","doi":"10.48129/kjs.18877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.18877","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted by Climate Predictability Tools (CPT) to forecast (short-range forecast) the seasonal mean temperature over Rangpur for six Bengali seasons in Bangladesh. In this study, the sea surface temperature (SST) for the period of 1975 to the previous month of each season of 2008 was used as the predictor. This study also evaluated the difference between forecasted seasonal mean temperature and observed seasonal mean temperature for six seasons. To find the SST that is similar to the temperature in Rangpur, a correlation between the temperature of Rangpur and the sea surface temperature of various parts of the earth was performed through CPT using both data of 1975- 2008 years. The obtained SST through correlation that is more or less similar to the temperature in Rangpur was used as a predictor to forecast seasonal mean temperature of the year 2009. Statistical and mathematical methods were applied by CPT in this research which included canonical correlation analysis, covariance matrix, and eigenvalues equations.The study found that the forecasted seasonal mean temperature was higher in rainy and winter seasons than the temperature observed and was lower in summer, autumn, late autumn, and spring season than the observed temperature at Rangpur. The maximum overestimated temperature was found to be 0.52oC/day in winter and the maximum underestimated temperature was found to be 0.54oC/day in autumn. On the other hand, the minimum overestimated temperature was found during the rainy season having the value of 0.34oC/day and the minimum underestimated temperature was obtained during the summer season having the value of 0.25oC/day, which was the best-forecasted temperature. Therefore, the forecasted values of temperature in the summer and rainy seasons were found closer to the observed temperature during 2009. So, it can be said that it is possible to obtain good forecasting of temperature through CPT.","PeriodicalId":49933,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73179715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the brain's primary functions is remembering and learning the information related to food and odour. Since biogenic amines discovery in invertebrate and vertebrate, dopamine is considered a key modulator and neurotransmitter involved in honeybees' olfactory learning. Dopamine (DA) has a major part to play in rewarding prediction, learning, invigorating social behavior, and motivation. Here we examined the effect of dopamine in the olfactory learning behavior of honeybees. We used the same age (14-days old) honeybees, Apis mellifera and Apis cerana to evaluate the proboscis extension response and characterized brain dopamine's effect on olfactory learning behavior. Both species were individually trained by performing three learning trials with sucrose solution and odor 1-Hexanol. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determined the brain dopamine level using electrochemical detection. Our findings showed that Apis mellifera learned better and higher brain dopamine levels than Apis cerana. Thus, we show that dopamine acts as an important neurotransmitter and modulator of motivation and influences honeybee cognition.
{"title":"Insights into the role of dopamine in olfactory learning behavior of honeybee","authors":"M. Raza, Zhiguo Li, H. Nie, Songkun Su","doi":"10.48129/kjs.15071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.15071","url":null,"abstract":"One of the brain's primary functions is remembering and learning the information related to food and odour. Since biogenic amines discovery in invertebrate and vertebrate, dopamine is considered a key modulator and neurotransmitter involved in honeybees' olfactory learning. Dopamine (DA) has a major part to play in rewarding prediction, learning, invigorating social behavior, and motivation. Here we examined the effect of dopamine in the olfactory learning behavior of honeybees. We used the same age (14-days old) honeybees, Apis mellifera and Apis cerana to evaluate the proboscis extension response and characterized brain dopamine's effect on olfactory learning behavior. Both species were individually trained by performing three learning trials with sucrose solution and odor 1-Hexanol. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determined the brain dopamine level using electrochemical detection. Our findings showed that Apis mellifera learned better and higher brain dopamine levels than Apis cerana. Thus, we show that dopamine acts as an important neurotransmitter and modulator of motivation and influences honeybee cognition.","PeriodicalId":49933,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74573728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The given research shows the thermodynamic analysis and calculation of the basic thermal properties of the high entropy alloy Fe-Ni-Cx (x=0.3-0.5) of concentration. The system is investigated through Thermo-calc package with FEDAT databases and Calphad method. The evaluation of interactions is found maximum at 0.04070 J/m2 in the Fe-Ni-C ternary alloy system. The FCC_A1 phase is found the phase associated with highest molar volume in the Fe- Ni-Cx (x=0.3-0.5) ternary alloy system. The phase FCC_A1 is having austenite coordination with increasing density and apparent heat capacity. The temperature variation results the composite phases to be disappears with required level. The system is found highest apparent heat capacity 0.39269 j/mol. The density of phases becomes constant and it indicates the rare temperature withstanding phases. The fluctuations in the density of phases are changing with temperature as a result of phase’s nature and stability. The better magnetic properties are found for Basic centered cubic structure with highest interfacial energy. The alloy shows better magnet ic coordination and thermodynamic properties enhancement for further analysis.
{"title":"Thermo-mechanical fedamo based calculations of hea (Fe-Ni-Cx (X=0.3-0.5) ternary alloys system using Calphad method","authors":"W. U. Shah, D. Khan, Haiqing Yin","doi":"10.48129/kjs.19317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.19317","url":null,"abstract":"The given research shows the thermodynamic analysis and calculation of the basic thermal properties of the high entropy alloy Fe-Ni-Cx (x=0.3-0.5) of concentration. The system is investigated through Thermo-calc package with FEDAT databases and Calphad method. The evaluation of interactions is found maximum at 0.04070 J/m2 in the Fe-Ni-C ternary alloy system. The FCC_A1 phase is found the phase associated with highest molar volume in the Fe- Ni-Cx (x=0.3-0.5) ternary alloy system. The phase FCC_A1 is having austenite coordination with increasing density and apparent heat capacity. The temperature variation results the composite phases to be disappears with required level. The system is found highest apparent heat capacity 0.39269 j/mol. The density of phases becomes constant and it indicates the rare temperature withstanding phases. The fluctuations in the density of phases are changing with temperature as a result of phase’s nature and stability. The better magnetic properties are found for Basic centered cubic structure with highest interfacial energy. The alloy shows better magnet ic coordination and thermodynamic properties enhancement for further analysis.","PeriodicalId":49933,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80222003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents impedance characteristics of single walled carbon nanotube/vinylester (SWCNT/VE) glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites. The impedance measurements were carried out as a function of the frequency over range of 10-2 and 107 Hz at various temperatures between 300 K and 420 K. Bode and Nyquist plots of real and imaginary parts of complex impedance (Z*) were obtained and Cole–Cole approach was used to interpret the impedance characteristics. The results indicated that the bulk resistance of the material decreases significantly as the temperature increases. The frequency-dependent AC conductivities were calculated using the complex impedance data and dimensions of specimen. It has been observed that the alternating current values are compatible with the Jonscher’s power law. The behavior of dielectric constant and loss factor at the various temperatures were analyzed as a function of applied frequency. While the sample exhibited high dielectric permittivity in the low frequency region with the Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) effect, it was observed that the permittivity decreased as a result of the dipoles' inability to rotate themselves in the field direction at high frequencies. No dielectric relaxation peak was observed in the loss spectra in our limits. From the results, it can be said that the contribution to the dielectric relaxation is due to the interface polarization and DC conductivity. Electric modulus formalism was also used to describe the conductivity and dielectric relaxation processes of SWCNT/VE binary composite. It was found that the obtained peak maximums shifted to higher frequencies as the temperature increased. It is concluded that the frequency regime below the peak maximum defines the range of mobile charge carriers, and in the regime above the maximum, the charge carriers are limited to short distance potential wells.
{"title":"Impedance Analysis of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube/Vinylester Polymer Composites","authors":"A. Ilgaz","doi":"10.48129/kjs.19891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.19891","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents impedance characteristics of single walled carbon nanotube/vinylester (SWCNT/VE) glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites. The impedance measurements were carried out as a function of the frequency over range of 10-2 and 107 Hz at various temperatures between 300 K and 420 K. Bode and Nyquist plots of real and imaginary parts of complex impedance (Z*) were obtained and Cole–Cole approach was used to interpret the impedance characteristics. The results indicated that the bulk resistance of the material decreases significantly as the temperature increases. The frequency-dependent AC conductivities were calculated using the complex impedance data and dimensions of specimen. It has been observed that the alternating current values are compatible with the Jonscher’s power law. The behavior of dielectric constant and loss factor at the various temperatures were analyzed as a function of applied frequency. While the sample exhibited high dielectric permittivity in the low frequency region with the Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) effect, it was observed that the permittivity decreased as a result of the dipoles' inability to rotate themselves in the field direction at high frequencies. No dielectric relaxation peak was observed in the loss spectra in our limits. From the results, it can be said that the contribution to the dielectric relaxation is due to the interface polarization and DC conductivity. Electric modulus formalism was also used to describe the conductivity and dielectric relaxation processes of SWCNT/VE binary composite. It was found that the obtained peak maximums shifted to higher frequencies as the temperature increased. It is concluded that the frequency regime below the peak maximum defines the range of mobile charge carriers, and in the regime above the maximum, the charge carriers are limited to short distance potential wells.","PeriodicalId":49933,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84853919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Arfan, A. Ghaffar, M. Alkanhal, Y. Khan, A. Alqahtani, S. Rehman
In this manuscript, the electromagnetic (EM) radiation force (RF) exerted on a perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) sphere by a vortex electromagnetic (VEM) wave with spiral phase distribution had been investigated. The analytical formulation of EM fields is being done in the framework of Mie theory, while the field expressions are being modeled considering the features of VEM wave for PEMC sphere. Initially, the incident field coefficients are evaluated using definite integrals. The scattering coefficients are then determined by imposing boundary conditions at the surface of PEMC sphere i.e., at 𝑟=𝑎, leading to a linear system of equations computed via solving matrix. So, a lengthy calculation yields undetermined scattered field coefficients relative to incident field coefficients. The cross-section (𝑄) factors i.e., scattering (𝑄𝑠𝑐𝑎) and extinction (𝑄𝑒𝑥𝑡) have been computed. The influence of sphere size parameter (𝜌) and beam waist radius (𝑤0) versus scattering angle (𝛼°) for the RF along with 𝑄𝑠𝑐𝑎 has been numerically analyzed. As no loss of energy occurs inside PEMC sphere so absorption ((𝑄𝑎𝑏𝑠)=0), by virtue of the energy conservation principle then, 𝑄𝑒𝑥𝑡=𝑄𝑠𝑐𝑎. Under specific condition, we implemented present results on 𝑄𝑠𝑐𝑎 towards light without orbital angular momentum (OAM) i.e., (𝑙=0) and plane wave for the PEMC sphere. The research work has potential applications towards particle manipulation, optical technology, and optical tweezers.
{"title":"Electromagnetic Radiation Force of Vortex Electromagnetic wave exerted on a perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) Sphere","authors":"M. Arfan, A. Ghaffar, M. Alkanhal, Y. Khan, A. Alqahtani, S. Rehman","doi":"10.48129/kjs.20775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.20775","url":null,"abstract":"In this manuscript, the electromagnetic (EM) radiation force (RF) exerted on a perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) sphere by a vortex electromagnetic (VEM) wave with spiral phase distribution had been investigated. The analytical formulation of EM fields is being done in the framework of Mie theory, while the field expressions are being modeled considering the features of VEM wave for PEMC sphere. Initially, the incident field coefficients are evaluated using definite integrals. The scattering coefficients are then determined by imposing boundary conditions at the surface of PEMC sphere i.e., at 𝑟=𝑎, leading to a linear system of equations computed via solving matrix. So, a lengthy calculation yields undetermined scattered field coefficients relative to incident field coefficients. The cross-section (𝑄) factors i.e., scattering (𝑄𝑠𝑐𝑎) and extinction (𝑄𝑒𝑥𝑡) have been computed. The influence of sphere size parameter (𝜌) and beam waist radius (𝑤0) versus scattering angle (𝛼°) for the RF along with 𝑄𝑠𝑐𝑎 has been numerically analyzed. As no loss of energy occurs inside PEMC sphere so absorption ((𝑄𝑎𝑏𝑠)=0), by virtue of the energy conservation principle then, 𝑄𝑒𝑥𝑡=𝑄𝑠𝑐𝑎. Under specific condition, we implemented present results on 𝑄𝑠𝑐𝑎 towards light without orbital angular momentum (OAM) i.e., (𝑙=0) and plane wave for the PEMC sphere. The research work has potential applications towards particle manipulation, optical technology, and optical tweezers.","PeriodicalId":49933,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79328174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mahmood, M. G. Shahid, M. Nadeem, M. S. Ahmad, M. Irfan
The present study was conducted for the phytase production using solid-state fermentation (SSF) by Aspergillus niger. Optimization of various medium components was carried out for better production of phytase. Maximum enzyme activity (265 IU/g) was obtained, when the fungus was grown in the optimized culture medium containing glucose (1%), NH4NO3 (0.5%), FeSO4.7H2O (0.1%), KCl (0.1%), and MgSO4.7H2O (0.1%) at 35 °C after 5 days of incubation time with pH 6.Then phytase was supplemented as a poultry feed additive and given to broiler chickens during a feeding trial of 5 weeks. For this purpose, the birds of the control group (T0) were fed on a basal diet without external phytase, whereas, the birds of the experimental group (T3) were given basal feed + 3000 IU Phytase per Kg diet. The results exhibited that there was an improvement in the body weight gain (BWG) of chicks i.e. 1903 g-2090 g for the control group (T0) and experimental group (T3), respectively. The current study thus indicated the affectivity of phytase as a supplement in the broilers diet for better growth performance and recommended its use as an efficient additive in poultry feed formulation.
对黑曲霉固态发酵生产植酸酶进行了研究。为了更好地生产植酸酶，对不同培养基组分进行了优化。在含葡萄糖(1%)、NH4NO3(0.5%)、FeSO4.7H2O(0.1%)、KCl(0.1%)和MgSO4.7H2O(0.1%)的优化培养基中，在35℃、pH为6的条件下培养5 d，酶活性最高(265 IU/g)。然后将植酸酶作为家禽饲料添加剂添加到肉仔鸡中，进行5周的饲养试验。为此，对照组(T0)饲喂不添加外源植酸酶的基础饲粮，试验组(T3)饲喂基础饲粮+ 3000 IU / Kg植酸酶的饲粮。结果表明，对照组(T0)和试验组(T3)分别提高了雏鸡的增重(BWG)，分别为1903 ~ 2090 g。因此，本研究表明，在肉鸡日粮中添加植酸酶可以提高肉鸡的生长性能，并推荐将其作为一种有效的家禽饲料添加剂使用。
{"title":"Stimulatory effect of medium components on phytase production by Aspergillus niger and biotechnological application as a poultry feed additive","authors":"S. Mahmood, M. G. Shahid, M. Nadeem, M. S. Ahmad, M. Irfan","doi":"10.48129/kjs.17947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.17947","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted for the phytase production using solid-state fermentation (SSF) by Aspergillus niger. Optimization of various medium components was carried out for better production of phytase. Maximum enzyme activity (265 IU/g) was obtained, when the fungus was grown in the optimized culture medium containing glucose (1%), NH4NO3 (0.5%), FeSO4.7H2O (0.1%), KCl (0.1%), and MgSO4.7H2O (0.1%) at 35 °C after 5 days of incubation time with pH 6.Then phytase was supplemented as a poultry feed additive and given to broiler chickens during a feeding trial of 5 weeks. For this purpose, the birds of the control group (T0) were fed on a basal diet without external phytase, whereas, the birds of the experimental group (T3) were given basal feed + 3000 IU Phytase per Kg diet. The results exhibited that there was an improvement in the body weight gain (BWG) of chicks i.e. 1903 g-2090 g for the control group (T0) and experimental group (T3), respectively. The current study thus indicated the affectivity of phytase as a supplement in the broilers diet for better growth performance and recommended its use as an efficient additive in poultry feed formulation.","PeriodicalId":49933,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77342056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G-protein couple receptors (GPCRs) are considered as the largest membrane protein family involved in the regulation of body homeostasis in health and disease. GPCR43 or FFA2 (free fatty acid receptor 2) is implicated in diabetes. Efficient methods are needed to express GPCRs for structural studies. Small GPCR fragments consisting of 1-2 transmembrane domains are routinely used in NMR studies. In the present study, the first three transmembrane segments 1-3 of GPCR43 (GPCR43-TM1-3) were cloned and expressed with expression enhancement tag, AT4 and His tag at the C and N termini respectively into pET23b(+). The plant compounds, flavonoids, with reported beneficial effects in diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) were subjected to docking against the target, GPCR43. Our results revealed that the ligands exhibited better binding interaction to GPCR43. Diosmin was predicted to be the best ligand with good binding affinity than the other ligands. Hence, we concluded that Diosmin may become a potential drug candidate for T2DM via GPCR43 pathway. However, studies are warranted to confirm its efficacy in animal models of T2DM.
{"title":"Cloning and molecular modeling of free fatty acid receptor GPCR 43 with dietary flavonoids as novel ligands","authors":"Arooma Ihtsham, Rida Hayat, F. Khan","doi":"10.48129/kjs.19029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.19029","url":null,"abstract":"G-protein couple receptors (GPCRs) are considered as the largest membrane protein family involved in the regulation of body homeostasis in health and disease. GPCR43 or FFA2 (free fatty acid receptor 2) is implicated in diabetes. Efficient methods are needed to express GPCRs for structural studies. Small GPCR fragments consisting of 1-2 transmembrane domains are routinely used in NMR studies. In the present study, the first three transmembrane segments 1-3 of GPCR43 (GPCR43-TM1-3) were cloned and expressed with expression enhancement tag, AT4 and His tag at the C and N termini respectively into pET23b(+). The plant compounds, flavonoids, with reported beneficial effects in diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) were subjected to docking against the target, GPCR43. Our results revealed that the ligands exhibited better binding interaction to GPCR43. Diosmin was predicted to be the best ligand with good binding affinity than the other ligands. Hence, we concluded that Diosmin may become a potential drug candidate for T2DM via GPCR43 pathway. However, studies are warranted to confirm its efficacy in animal models of T2DM.","PeriodicalId":49933,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82373351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present paper, we develop an efficient second derivative free two-step optimal fourth-order iterative method for nonlinear equations. We explore the convergence criteria of the proposed method and also exhibit its validity and efficiency by considering some test problems. We present both numerical as well as graphical comparisons. Further, the dynamical behavior of the proposed method is explored.
{"title":"An optimal fourth-order second derivative free iterative method for nonlinear scientific equations","authors":"Ghulam Akbar Nadeem, Waqas Aslam, Faisal Ali","doi":"10.48129/kjs.18253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.18253","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper, we develop an efficient second derivative free two-step optimal fourth-order iterative method for nonlinear equations. We explore the convergence criteria of the proposed method and also exhibit its validity and efficiency by considering some test problems. We present both numerical as well as graphical comparisons. Further, the dynamical behavior of the proposed method is explored.","PeriodicalId":49933,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84239339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Let Gw be a simple weighted graph with adjacency matrix A(Gw). The set of all eigenvalues of A(Gw) is called the spectrum of weighted graph Gw denoted by σ(Gw). The reciprocal eigenvalue property (or property R) for a connected weighted nonsingular graph Gw is defined as, if η ∈ σ(Gw) then 1 η ∈ σ(Gw). Further, if η and 1 η have the same multiplicities for each η ∈ σ(Gw) then this graph is said to have strong reciprocal eigenvalue property (or property SR). Similarly, a connected weighted nonsingular graph Gw is said to have anti-reciprocal eigenvalue property (or property −R) if η ∈ σ(Gw) then −1 η ∈ σ(Gw). Furthermore, if η and −1 η have the same multiplicities for each η ∈ σ(Gw) then strong anti-reciprocal eigenvalue property (or property −SR) holds for the weighted graph Gw. In this article, classes of weighted noncorona graphs satisfying property R and property −SR are studied.
{"title":"On weighted noncorona graphs with property R and −SR","authors":"Uzma Ahmad, S. Hameed, Sadia Akhter","doi":"10.48129/kjs.17497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.17497","url":null,"abstract":"Let Gw be a simple weighted graph with adjacency matrix A(Gw). The set of all eigenvalues of A(Gw) is called the spectrum of weighted graph Gw denoted by σ(Gw). The reciprocal eigenvalue property (or property R) for a connected weighted nonsingular graph Gw is defined as, if η ∈ σ(Gw) then 1 η ∈ σ(Gw). Further, if η and 1 η have the same multiplicities for each η ∈ σ(Gw) then this graph is said to have strong reciprocal eigenvalue property (or property SR). Similarly, a connected weighted nonsingular graph Gw is said to have anti-reciprocal eigenvalue property (or property −R) if η ∈ σ(Gw) then −1 η ∈ σ(Gw). Furthermore, if η and −1 η have the same multiplicities for each η ∈ σ(Gw) then strong anti-reciprocal eigenvalue property (or property −SR) holds for the weighted graph Gw. In this article, classes of weighted noncorona graphs satisfying property R and property −SR are studied.","PeriodicalId":49933,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73036866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kusumorini, R. E. Putra, A. Rochana, D. Rusmana
Kangkong (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) is a kind of vegetable plant consumed widely in Asia, while in other countries it is considered a weed. Kangkong is popular to be cultivated especially in Southeast Asia and its seeds are produced continuously. Kangkong seeds will be selected by the seed company and will be discarded if it is of low quality. These discarded seeds are considered a byproduct. Kangkong seeds contain 13.46% protein and 15.87% crude fiber. The high crude fiber and low protein content of kangkong seed are the limitations to utilizing it as a feed ingredient. Then solid-state fermentation by using fungi is used to improve its nutrients. Rhizopus oligosporus is a fungus that is commonly used to increase the nutritional value of a food ingredient. This study aims to evaluate the effect of fermentation using Rhizopus oligosporus on crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, and amino acid content of kangkong seed. This study used a 3 x 3 factorial design. The first factor was the dosage of inoculum which consisted of three levels, namely 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3g /100g of kangkong seeds. The second factor was the fermentation time, namely 24, 48, and 72 hours. The research was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The results showed that the fermentation of Kangkong seed by using Rhizopus oligosporus improved crude protein by 61.70% and reduce crude fiber by 66.03% at an inoculum dose of 0.3g fermented for 72 hours. Kangkong seeds contain 8 of 10 types of essential amino acids with the highest proportions are leucine, arginine, and phenylalanine, respectively.
{"title":"Fermentation using Rhizopus oligosporus to improve the nutritional values of kangkong seed as livestock feed ingredients","authors":"A. Kusumorini, R. E. Putra, A. Rochana, D. Rusmana","doi":"10.48129/kjs.18279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.18279","url":null,"abstract":"Kangkong (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) is a kind of vegetable plant consumed widely in Asia, while in other countries it is considered a weed. Kangkong is popular to be cultivated especially in Southeast Asia and its seeds are produced continuously. Kangkong seeds will be selected by the seed company and will be discarded if it is of low quality. These discarded seeds are considered a byproduct. Kangkong seeds contain 13.46% protein and 15.87% crude fiber. The high crude fiber and low protein content of kangkong seed are the limitations to utilizing it as a feed ingredient. Then solid-state fermentation by using fungi is used to improve its nutrients. Rhizopus oligosporus is a fungus that is commonly used to increase the nutritional value of a food ingredient. This study aims to evaluate the effect of fermentation using Rhizopus oligosporus on crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, and amino acid content of kangkong seed. This study used a 3 x 3 factorial design. The first factor was the dosage of inoculum which consisted of three levels, namely 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3g /100g of kangkong seeds. The second factor was the fermentation time, namely 24, 48, and 72 hours. The research was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The results showed that the fermentation of Kangkong seed by using Rhizopus oligosporus improved crude protein by 61.70% and reduce crude fiber by 66.03% at an inoculum dose of 0.3g fermented for 72 hours. Kangkong seeds contain 8 of 10 types of essential amino acids with the highest proportions are leucine, arginine, and phenylalanine, respectively.","PeriodicalId":49933,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74633019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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