Abdul Basit, Muhammad Umar, Muhammad Jamil, M. Qasim
Facies analysis and T-R sequence stratigraphic approach of Late Permian to Jurassic sedimentary units in Western Salt Range, Pakistan were accomplished to construe the depositional environments and basin evolution. The analysis affirms the rendition of sequence stratigraphic trends and paleogeography of first megasequence phase of Neo-Tethys Sea. Sedimentological contingents, T-R sequence stratigraphic framework and sea level curve of the strata argue active tectonic’s effects on sedimentation. During Late Permian, the rift related magmatic activities deceased, which imparted to the onset of transgression and deposition of shelf carbonates with retrogradational (transgressive) parasequence sets in Wargal Formation. Respective rifting and tectonic uplift events induced the sea level fall ascertaining the onset of terrigenous shelves and deltaic successions in terminal Permian and Early-Mid Triassic with an enlighten switch from agradational to progradational parasequence sets (regressive parasequences) in Chhidru, Mianwali and Tredian formations. The closure of Paleo-Tethys and emergence of semi-arid hot tropical climate throughout Late-Triassic, led the onset of tidal-lagoonal environments and deposition of retrogradational (transgressive) parasequence sets in Kingriali Formation. During Early Jurassic, a well-known northward drift of Pangaea ensued in global cooling and increased humidity, which consequently stimulated clastic-carbonate sedimentation of Datta and Samana Suk formations with progradational and retrogradational parasequence sets respectively.
{"title":"Facies analysis and depositional framework of Late Permian-Jurassic sedimentary successions, Western Salt Range, Pakistan: implications for sequence stratigraphic trends and paleogeography of the Neo-Tethys Sea","authors":"Abdul Basit, Muhammad Umar, Muhammad Jamil, M. Qasim","doi":"10.48129/kjs.16575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.16575","url":null,"abstract":"Facies analysis and T-R sequence stratigraphic approach of Late Permian to Jurassic sedimentary units in Western Salt Range, Pakistan were accomplished to construe the depositional environments and basin evolution. The analysis affirms the rendition of sequence stratigraphic trends and paleogeography of first megasequence phase of Neo-Tethys Sea. Sedimentological contingents, T-R sequence stratigraphic framework and sea level curve of the strata argue active tectonic’s effects on sedimentation. During Late Permian, the rift related magmatic activities deceased, which imparted to the onset of transgression and deposition of shelf carbonates with retrogradational (transgressive) parasequence sets in Wargal Formation. Respective rifting and tectonic uplift events induced the sea level fall ascertaining the onset of terrigenous shelves and deltaic successions in terminal Permian and Early-Mid Triassic with an enlighten switch from agradational to progradational parasequence sets (regressive parasequences) in Chhidru, Mianwali and Tredian formations. The closure of Paleo-Tethys and emergence of semi-arid hot tropical climate throughout Late-Triassic, led the onset of tidal-lagoonal environments and deposition of retrogradational (transgressive) parasequence sets in Kingriali Formation. During Early Jurassic, a well-known northward drift of Pangaea ensued in global cooling and increased humidity, which consequently stimulated clastic-carbonate sedimentation of Datta and Samana Suk formations with progradational and retrogradational parasequence sets respectively.","PeriodicalId":49933,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85360218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research is interested in studying the thermal property of the composite material because of its importance in the thermal uses of composite materials. The composite material was prepared with different amounts of kaolin (0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.8 g) in (polyacrylamide -kaolin) composite. Its thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity were studied. Taguchi Array L25(5^2), factors 2, Runs 25, columns 25(5^6) Array 12, was used as an experimental design and 25 samples were prepared using this array. The results improved that the thermal conductivity of the composite material decreases with a high kaolin amount toward temperature increase. Moreover, a case with the composite material's specific heat capacity. The current research describes using Taguchi experimental design to select the optimal factor level from the process to get a maximum thermal conductivity of composite material. The basis for choosing the orthogonal matrix is to take each of the different quantities of kaolin (0,0.2, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.8g) at different temperatures. Taguchi program is applied to the combination of factors and their levels. Besides, the output parameter representing thermal conductivity of (polyacrylamide – kaolin) composite with repetition to the given input parameters using smaller the better. The test results show the factor that influences the amount of kaolin (0.2g), and temperature(70°C). By using the factor and its level, thermal conductivity is (0.428 w· m-1· °C-1).
{"title":"Using Taguchi Experimental Design to Calculate and Analyze Thermal Conductivity for (Polyacrylamide – Kaolin) Composite","authors":"Asst. Prof. Dr. Raghad Hamid Hilal","doi":"10.48129/kjs.21061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.21061","url":null,"abstract":"The research is interested in studying the thermal property of the composite material because of its importance in the thermal uses of composite materials. The composite material was prepared with different amounts of kaolin (0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.8 g) in (polyacrylamide -kaolin) composite. Its thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity were studied. Taguchi Array L25(5^2), factors 2, Runs 25, columns 25(5^6) Array 12, was used as an experimental design and 25 samples were prepared using this array. The results improved that the thermal conductivity of the composite material decreases with a high kaolin amount toward temperature increase. Moreover, a case with the composite material's specific heat capacity. The current research describes using Taguchi experimental design to select the optimal factor level from the process to get a maximum thermal conductivity of composite material. The basis for choosing the orthogonal matrix is to take each of the different quantities of kaolin (0,0.2, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.8g) at different temperatures. Taguchi program is applied to the combination of factors and their levels. Besides, the output parameter representing thermal conductivity of (polyacrylamide – kaolin) composite with repetition to the given input parameters using smaller the better. The test results show the factor that influences the amount of kaolin (0.2g), and temperature(70°C). By using the factor and its level, thermal conductivity is (0.428 w· m-1· °C-1).","PeriodicalId":49933,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82369788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We provide an explicit solution for the terms of the sequence (xn;k) defined by xn;k = xn1;k (1)b(n2)=kcxn2;k ; for n > 3, setting x1;k = 1 and x2;k = 0. Several particular examples are considered.
{"title":"A second-order difference equation with sign-alternating coefficients","authors":"C. Fonseca, Can Kızılateş, Nazlıhan Terzio˘glu","doi":"10.48129/kjs.20425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.20425","url":null,"abstract":"We provide an explicit solution for the terms of the sequence (xn;k) defined by xn;k = xn1;k (1)b(n2)=kcxn2;k ; for n > 3, setting x1;k = 1 and x2;k = 0. Several particular examples are considered.","PeriodicalId":49933,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75133915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, silica aerogel was doped with two laser dyes, Crystal violet and Rhodamine B, dissolved in ethanol. All samples were prepared in two different ways, with different concentrations and compared with non-doped prepared aerogel. The first way is the modification after the samples are converted to gel. The second way, the modification procedure, starts by adding the modified solution to the sol. TEOS was used as a precursor in two-step acid-base catalysis, and the silanol group trimethylchlorosilane + n-hexane was used as a surface modification. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm, and contact angle measurements compared the characterization and structural properties of the two dyes. Results indicate that crystal violet gives better than Rhodamine B, as the contact angle measurement was 153°, total pour volume was 1.066 cm3/gm and the surface area was more significant than 970 m2/gm. While for Rhodamine B, the maximum contact angle was 146°, and the largest surface area was 899 m2/gm. And total pour volume was 1.6 cm3/gm.
{"title":"Comparison of the properties of silica aerogel doped with two different laser dyes: Crystal violet and Rhodamine B","authors":"Samah S. Ahmed, I. Al-Sharuee","doi":"10.48129/kjs.20549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.20549","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, silica aerogel was doped with two laser dyes, Crystal violet and Rhodamine B, dissolved in ethanol. All samples were prepared in two different ways, with different concentrations and compared with non-doped prepared aerogel. The first way is the modification after the samples are converted to gel. The second way, the modification procedure, starts by adding the modified solution to the sol. TEOS was used as a precursor in two-step acid-base catalysis, and the silanol group trimethylchlorosilane + n-hexane was used as a surface modification. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm, and contact angle measurements compared the characterization and structural properties of the two dyes. Results indicate that crystal violet gives better than Rhodamine B, as the contact angle measurement was 153°, total pour volume was 1.066 cm3/gm and the surface area was more significant than 970 m2/gm. While for Rhodamine B, the maximum contact angle was 146°, and the largest surface area was 899 m2/gm. And total pour volume was 1.6 cm3/gm.","PeriodicalId":49933,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74171236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah. H. Abead, Mahasin F. Hadi Al-kadhemy, Khaldoon N. Abbas
The pure polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), pure CarboxyMethyl Celleluse (CMC), and CMC/PVA blend films with different amounts (0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3 and 0.4gm) of both polymers were prepared by simple solution casting method in this study. FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopies were used to characterize the physical properties of as- prepared samples. FTIR spectroscopy revealed that the original bonds for both PVA and CMC polymers are appearing in blend polymer but there is some bonds refer to CMC polymer seemed in high amount of this polymer. Optical characteristics showed that the absorbance and absorption coefficient of PVA polymer is improved with increase amounts of CMC polymer. Direct relationship between absorbance and absorption coefficient with amounts of CMC polymer will be establish. The transmittance and energy band gap of pure CMC polymer and pure PVA polymer films are decreased from 5.24 eV and 4.74 eV to 4.38 eV for blend polymer PVA 0.1g/CMC 0.4g film, respectively. From optical properties, it will be concluded that the blend film has highest absorbance and absorption coefficient and lowest transmittance in the UV energy and low value of energy band gap.
{"title":"Study Physical Characteristics of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Carboxymethyl cellulose Blend Films","authors":"Sarah. H. Abead, Mahasin F. Hadi Al-kadhemy, Khaldoon N. Abbas","doi":"10.48129/kjs.20553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.20553","url":null,"abstract":"The pure polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), pure CarboxyMethyl Celleluse (CMC), and CMC/PVA blend films with different amounts (0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3 and 0.4gm) of both polymers were prepared by simple solution casting method in this study. FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopies were used to characterize the physical properties of as- prepared samples. FTIR spectroscopy revealed that the original bonds for both PVA and CMC polymers are appearing in blend polymer but there is some bonds refer to CMC polymer seemed in high amount of this polymer. Optical characteristics showed that the absorbance and absorption coefficient of PVA polymer is improved with increase amounts of CMC polymer. Direct relationship between absorbance and absorption coefficient with amounts of CMC polymer will be establish. The transmittance and energy band gap of pure CMC polymer and pure PVA polymer films are decreased from 5.24 eV and 4.74 eV to 4.38 eV for blend polymer PVA 0.1g/CMC 0.4g film, respectively. From optical properties, it will be concluded that the blend film has highest absorbance and absorption coefficient and lowest transmittance in the UV energy and low value of energy band gap.","PeriodicalId":49933,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77174672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rationale for undertaking this study is lethality of diabetes mellitus as predicted by 6.7 million deaths in 2021 and immense pharmacological potential of Artemisa herba-alba. The current research examined how Artemisia herba-alba extract (AHE) affects the peripheral artery disease in diabetic rats through lowering of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The in-vitro AGE inhibiting potential of AHE was determined by spectrofluorimetric method. The blood glucose levels and HbA1c (A1C) of the rats from each group were determined by automatic analyser. The levels of AGEs in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of different rat groups were observed through western blotting. Expression of COX-1 and COX-2 were determined by qRT-PCR. The AHE inhibition of AGEs formation was reported in vitro and exhibited an IC50 of 45 μg/mL which was significantly lower than that of standard AGEs inhibitor aminoguanidine (IC50: 60 μg/mL). Analysis of metabolic profiles revealed that AHE normalised the blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides with no apparent changes on Hb1Ac levels. Western blot analysis showed that AHE exhibited protective effects in VSMCs of diabetic rats by inhibiting fabrication of AGEs. Moreover, the manifestation of COX-2 was inhibited by AHE in diabetic rats. However, the expression of COX-1 remained unaltered. Collectively, the results revealed AHE inhibits AGEs formation in vitro and in VSMCs of diabetic rats. These findings point towards the prospective of AHE applications towards the management of diabetic peripheral artery disease.
{"title":"Protective effects of Artemisia herba-alba in diabetic peripheral artery disease mediated via inhibition of advanced glycation end products","authors":"Li Sun, Fang Liu, Jian-Ting Li, Peidao Sun","doi":"10.48129/kjs.18879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.18879","url":null,"abstract":"The rationale for undertaking this study is lethality of diabetes mellitus as predicted by 6.7 million deaths in 2021 and immense pharmacological potential of Artemisa herba-alba. The current research examined how Artemisia herba-alba extract (AHE) affects the peripheral artery disease in diabetic rats through lowering of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The in-vitro AGE inhibiting potential of AHE was determined by spectrofluorimetric method. The blood glucose levels and HbA1c (A1C) of the rats from each group were determined by automatic analyser. The levels of AGEs in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of different rat groups were observed through western blotting. Expression of COX-1 and COX-2 were determined by qRT-PCR. The AHE inhibition of AGEs formation was reported in vitro and exhibited an IC50 of 45 μg/mL which was significantly lower than that of standard AGEs inhibitor aminoguanidine (IC50: 60 μg/mL). Analysis of metabolic profiles revealed that AHE normalised the blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides with no apparent changes on Hb1Ac levels. Western blot analysis showed that AHE exhibited protective effects in VSMCs of diabetic rats by inhibiting fabrication of AGEs. Moreover, the manifestation of COX-2 was inhibited by AHE in diabetic rats. However, the expression of COX-1 remained unaltered. Collectively, the results revealed AHE inhibits AGEs formation in vitro and in VSMCs of diabetic rats. These findings point towards the prospective of AHE applications towards the management of diabetic peripheral artery disease.","PeriodicalId":49933,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83283195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Four compositions of spinel NixBa1-xFe2O4 of x =0, 0.05, 0.01, and 0.15 were prepared by the auto-combustion route. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses were utilized to determine the structural properties. All samples showed a cubic spinel structure with a noticeable FTIR tetrahedral band blue shift as the molar ratio x was increased. The crystallite size and particle size have the same behavior as x changed from 0 to 0.15. Spherical nanoparticles aggregated into large clusters were found throughout the samples. Magnetic properties, displayed a drop in magnetization saturation as x increased to its max value. A saturation magnetization (Ms) of more than 48 emu/g was achieved at x = 0 and x = 0.15 while the coercivity did not change clearly. The fitting by the Langevin equation using Originlab software showed very close values of Ms to those measured by the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) test. Magnetic parameters are generally affected by both composition and particle size.
{"title":"Magnetic properties of Ba Ferrite Substituted by Low Fraction of Ni Cations","authors":"L. H. Abdel-Mohsen, Sadeq H. Lafta, M. Hashim","doi":"10.48129/kjs.20239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.20239","url":null,"abstract":"Four compositions of spinel NixBa1-xFe2O4 of x =0, 0.05, 0.01, and 0.15 were prepared by the auto-combustion route. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses were utilized to determine the structural properties. All samples showed a cubic spinel structure with a noticeable FTIR tetrahedral band blue shift as the molar ratio x was increased. The crystallite size and particle size have the same behavior as x changed from 0 to 0.15. Spherical nanoparticles aggregated into large clusters were found throughout the samples. Magnetic properties, displayed a drop in magnetization saturation as x increased to its max value. A saturation magnetization (Ms) of more than 48 emu/g was achieved at x = 0 and x = 0.15 while the coercivity did not change clearly. The fitting by the Langevin equation using Originlab software showed very close values of Ms to those measured by the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) test. Magnetic parameters are generally affected by both composition and particle size.","PeriodicalId":49933,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89483863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weibull Distribution is the most widely used distribution in wind power assessment. Two parameters Weibull distribution is commonly used for wind distribution modeling. The wind turbine converts wind energy into electrical energy. According to Betz law, No wind turbine can convert more than 59% of the available wind energy into electrical energy. The available method to find the parameters, e.g., Empirical Method (EM), Method of Moment (MoM), Energy Pattern Factor Method (EPFM), Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM), Modified Maximum Likelihood Method (MMLM), measure an overestimated value of wind power. An attempt has been made to develop a new method to evaluate Weibull parameters to measure wind potential close to the actual one. The new methods depend on the Quartiles of the wind distribution, Method of Quartile. Wind speed data for twelve months, January to December of 2016, for the cities Hyderabad, Karachi, and Quetta is used in this study. The new method results are compared with the five methods of Weibull parameter determination, EM, MoM, EPFM, MLM, and MMLM. The new method’s average wind speed is closer to the actual average wind speed than those measured by other methods. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MABE), and chi-square statistic calculated by all methods are close. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) model selection criterion was used for each method and month. It is found that the AIC values for every month and every city are the lowest for MoQ. It also suggests that the new method, MoQ, is the best among the existing method. Keywords: Weibull Distribution, Method of Quartile, Method of Moments, Maximum Likelihood, Empirical Method, Energy Pattern Factor Method
威布尔分布是风电评估中应用最广泛的分布。双参数威布尔分布通常用于风场建模。风力涡轮机将风能转化为电能。根据贝茨定律，没有一个风力涡轮机可以将超过59%的可用风能转化为电能。现有的参数确定方法，如经验法(EM)、矩量法(MoM)、能量模式因子法(EPFM)、最大似然法(MLM)、修正最大似然法(MMLM)等，都测量了风电的高估值。本文尝试开发一种新的方法来评估威布尔参数，以测量接近实际的风势。新的方法依赖于风分布的四分位数，即四分位数法。本研究使用了海得拉巴、卡拉奇和奎达等城市2016年1月至12月12个月的风速数据。将新方法的结果与5种威布尔参数确定方法EM、MoM、EPFM、MLM和MMLM进行了比较。新方法测得的平均风速比其他方法测得的平均风速更接近实际平均风速。各方法计算的均方根误差(RMSE)、平均绝对误差(MABE)和卡方统计量接近。每种方法和月份采用赤池信息准则(Akaike Information Criterion, AIC)模型选择准则。每个月和每个城市的AIC值都是最小起订量的最低值。结果表明，在现有方法中，最小起订量是最优的。关键词:威布尔分布，四分位数法，矩量法，极大似然，经验法，能量模式因子法
{"title":"Method of Quartile for determination of Weibull parameters and assessment of wind potential","authors":"Z. Uddin, N. Sadiq","doi":"10.48129/kjs.20357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.20357","url":null,"abstract":"Weibull Distribution is the most widely used distribution in wind power assessment. Two parameters Weibull distribution is commonly used for wind distribution modeling. The wind turbine converts wind energy into electrical energy. According to Betz law, No wind turbine can convert more than 59% of the available wind energy into electrical energy. The available method to find the parameters, e.g., Empirical Method (EM), Method of Moment (MoM), Energy Pattern Factor Method (EPFM), Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM), Modified Maximum Likelihood Method (MMLM), measure an overestimated value of wind power. An attempt has been made to develop a new method to evaluate Weibull parameters to measure wind potential close to the actual one. The new methods depend on the Quartiles of the wind distribution, Method of Quartile. Wind speed data for twelve months, January to December of 2016, for the cities Hyderabad, Karachi, and Quetta is used in this study. The new method results are compared with the five methods of Weibull parameter determination, EM, MoM, EPFM, MLM, and MMLM. The new method’s average wind speed is closer to the actual average wind speed than those measured by other methods. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MABE), and chi-square statistic calculated by all methods are close. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) model selection criterion was used for each method and month. It is found that the AIC values for every month and every city are the lowest for MoQ. It also suggests that the new method, MoQ, is the best among the existing method. Keywords: Weibull Distribution, Method of Quartile, Method of Moments, Maximum Likelihood, Empirical Method, Energy Pattern Factor Method","PeriodicalId":49933,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72613934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D.C. motors are considered the basic components for the construction and development of various nanotechnology research equipment due to their constant speed and high efficiency. Spin coater, dip-coater, and spray pyrolysis were a few among them which utilize the above-mentioned component for the production of thin-film coatings on the desired substrates. Conventional spin coater, dip-coater, and spray pyrolysis are expensive to install in research laboratories. In this letter, we report the economical construction of an Arduino-based dip-coater that uses a linear actuator consisting of a D.C. motor for the production of hydrophobic coatings. The dip and drawl rate of the as-constructed machine was estimated to be 3mm/sec and can be varied according to the requirement without any interferences of vibration. Further, the dip-coater was tested with TiO2 gel for the production of hydrophobic coatings on cotton fabrics. The coated fabrics were characterized using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), which confirmed the presence of TiO2, and reflectance analysis using ultraviolet-visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (UV-VIS-NIR) on the coated fabric revealed an increase in the visible and IR range and a decrease on the ultraviolet spectral region. The goniometer investigation with a water droplet on the treated fabric revealed 137O contact angle and the coating is proved as a super hydrophobic coating.
{"title":"Construction of Economical Dip-Coater for the Fabrication of Hydrophobic Coatings","authors":"Venkatesh Yepuri, A. Satyanarayana","doi":"10.48129/kjs.20811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.20811","url":null,"abstract":"D.C. motors are considered the basic components for the construction and development of various nanotechnology research equipment due to their constant speed and high efficiency. Spin coater, dip-coater, and spray pyrolysis were a few among them which utilize the above-mentioned component for the production of thin-film coatings on the desired substrates. Conventional spin coater, dip-coater, and spray pyrolysis are expensive to install in research laboratories. In this letter, we report the economical construction of an Arduino-based dip-coater that uses a linear actuator consisting of a D.C. motor for the production of hydrophobic coatings. The dip and drawl rate of the as-constructed machine was estimated to be 3mm/sec and can be varied according to the requirement without any interferences of vibration. Further, the dip-coater was tested with TiO2 gel for the production of hydrophobic coatings on cotton fabrics. The coated fabrics were characterized using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), which confirmed the presence of TiO2, and reflectance analysis using ultraviolet-visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (UV-VIS-NIR) on the coated fabric revealed an increase in the visible and IR range and a decrease on the ultraviolet spectral region. The goniometer investigation with a water droplet on the treated fabric revealed 137O contact angle and the coating is proved as a super hydrophobic coating.","PeriodicalId":49933,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87189019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ion temperature gradient mode nonlinear structures are studied with stationary charged dust. The dynamical role here is played by heavy ions. The small amplitude limit influence of various plasma parameters shows that the phase velocity of the mode modifies the overall plasma dynamics. Further, from the solution of the model equations we obtain Kortweg-de-Vries (KdV) and Korteweg-de-Vries Burger (KdVB) like equations, the solution of which gives solitary and shock wave nonlinear structures. Numerical analysis of these nonlinear structures shows that dust number density and polarity have a substantial impact on these structures. The present observation may be beneficial in space and laboratory plasma investigations.
{"title":"Ion temperature gradient mode linear and nonlinear structures in electron-ion plasma, with stationary charged dust grain","authors":"K. Aziz, U. Zakir, A. Rahman, J. Ali, Q. Haque","doi":"10.48129/kjs.18847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.18847","url":null,"abstract":"Ion temperature gradient mode nonlinear structures are studied with stationary charged dust. The dynamical role here is played by heavy ions. The small amplitude limit influence of various plasma parameters shows that the phase velocity of the mode modifies the overall plasma dynamics. Further, from the solution of the model equations we obtain Kortweg-de-Vries (KdV) and Korteweg-de-Vries Burger (KdVB) like equations, the solution of which gives solitary and shock wave nonlinear structures. Numerical analysis of these nonlinear structures shows that dust number density and polarity have a substantial impact on these structures. The present observation may be beneficial in space and laboratory plasma investigations.","PeriodicalId":49933,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86169265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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