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A frequency domain design of PID controller for an AVR system AVR系统PID控制器的频域设计
Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.C1300218
Md. Nishat Anwar, S. Pan
We propose a new proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller design method for an automatic voltage regulation (AVR) system based on approximate model matching in the frequency domain. The parameters of the PID controller are obtained by approximate frequency response matching between the closed-loop control system and a reference model with the desired specifications. Two low frequency points are required for matching the frequency response, and the design method yields linear algebraic equations, solution of which gives the controller parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through examples taken from the literature and comparison with some popular methods.
提出了一种基于频域近似模型匹配的自动电压调节(AVR)系统比例-积分-导数(PID)控制器设计方法。通过将闭环控制系统与具有所需规格的参考模型进行近似频响匹配,得到PID控制器的参数。频率响应匹配需要两个低频点,设计方法得到线性代数方程,求解得到控制器参数。通过文献中的实例和与一些常用方法的比较,证明了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 15
Modeling dual-scale epidemic dynamics on complex networks with reaction diffusion processes 具有反应扩散过程的复杂网络双尺度流行病动力学建模
Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.C1300243
Xiaogang Jin, Yong Min
The frequent outbreak of severe foodborne diseases (e.g., haemolytic uraemic syndrome and Listeriosis) in 2011 warns of a potential threat that world trade could spread fatal pathogens (e.g., enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli). The epidemic potential from trade involves both intra-proliferation and inter-diffusion. Here, we present a worldwide vegetable trade network and a stochastic computational model to simulate global trade-mediated epidemics by considering the weighted nodes and edges of the network and the dual-scale dynamics of epidemics. We address two basic issues of network structural impact in global epidemic patterns: (1) in contrast to the prediction of heterogeneous network models, the broad variability of node degree and edge weights of the vegetable trade network do not determine the threshold of global epidemics; (2) a ‘penetration effect’, by which community structures do not restrict propagation at the global scale, quickly facilitates bridging the edges between communities, and leads to synchronized diffusion throughout the entire network. We have also defined an appropriate metric that combines dual-scale behavior and enables quantification of the critical role of bridging edges in disease diffusion from widespread trading. The unusual structure mechanisms of the trade network model may be useful in producing strategies for adaptive immunity and reducing international trade frictions.
2011年频繁爆发的严重食源性疾病(如溶血性尿毒症综合征和李斯特菌病)提醒人们注意世界贸易可能传播致命病原体(如肠出血性大肠杆菌)的潜在威胁。贸易的流行潜力既涉及内部扩散,也涉及内部扩散。本文提出了一个全球蔬菜贸易网络和一个随机计算模型,通过考虑网络的加权节点和边缘以及流行病的双尺度动态,来模拟全球贸易介导的流行病。我们解决了全球流行病模式中网络结构影响的两个基本问题:(1)与异质网络模型的预测相比,蔬菜贸易网络的节点度和边权的广泛变异性不能决定全球流行病的阈值;(2)“渗透效应”,即社区结构不限制全球范围内的传播,迅速促进了社区之间的边界弥合,并导致整个网络的同步扩散。我们还定义了一个适当的度量标准,它结合了双尺度行为,并能够量化桥接边缘在广泛贸易引起的疾病扩散中的关键作用。贸易网络模型的特殊结构机制可能有助于制定适应性免疫策略和减少国际贸易摩擦。
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引用次数: 1
An experimental study on the conversion between IFPUG and UCP functional size measurement units IFPUG与UCP功能尺寸测量单位转换的实验研究
Pub Date : 2014-03-12 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.C1300102
J. Cuadrado-Gallego, A. Abran, Pablo Rodríguez-Soria, Miguel A. Lara
The use of functional size measurement (FSM) methods in software development organizations is growing during the years. Also, object oriented (OO) techniques have become quite a standard to design the software and, in particular, Use Cases is one of the most used techniques to specify functional requirements. Main FSM methods do not include specific rules to measure the software functionality from its Use Cases analysis. To deal with this issue some other methods like Kramer’s functional measurement method have been developed. Therefore, one of the main issues for those organizations willing to use OO functional measurement method in order to facilitate the use cases count procedure is how to convert their portfolio functional size from the previously adopted FSM method towards the new method. The objective of this research is to find a statistical relationship for converting the software functional size units measured by the International Function Point Users Group (IFPUG) function point analysis (FPA) method into Kramer-Smith’s use cases points (UCP) method and vice versa. Methodologies for a correct data gathering are proposed and results obtained are analyzed to draw the linear and non-linear equations for this correlation. Finally, a conversion factor and corresponding conversion intervals are given to establish the statistical relationship.
在软件开发组织中,功能大小度量(FSM)方法的使用近年来不断增长。同样,面向对象(OO)技术已经成为设计软件的标准,特别是用例是指定功能需求最常用的技术之一。主FSM方法不包括从用例分析中度量软件功能的具体规则。为了解决这个问题,一些其他的方法,如克莱默的功能测量法已经发展。因此,对于那些愿意使用OO功能度量方法以促进用例计数过程的组织来说,主要问题之一是如何将他们的投资组合功能大小从以前采用的FSM方法转换为新方法。本研究的目的是找到一种统计关系,将国际功能点用户组(IFPUG)功能点分析(FPA)方法测量的软件功能大小单元转换为Kramer-Smith的用例点(UCP)方法,反之亦然。提出了正确收集数据的方法,并对得到的结果进行了分析,得出了这种相关性的线性和非线性方程。最后给出了转换因子和相应的转换区间,建立了统计关系。
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引用次数: 3
Greedy feature replacement for online value function approximation 贪心特征替换在线值函数逼近
Pub Date : 2014-03-01 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.C1300246
Fengfei Zhao, Zhengyang Qin, Zhuo Shao, Jun Fang, Bo-yan Ren
Reinforcement learning (RL) in real-world problems requires function approximations that depend on selecting the appropriate feature representations. Representational expansion techniques can make linear approximators represent value functions more effectively; however, most of these techniques function well only for low dimensional problems. In this paper, we present the greedy feature replacement (GFR), a novel online expansion technique, for value-based RL algorithms that use binary features. Given a simple initial representation, the feature representation is expanded incrementally. New feature dependencies are added automatically to the current representation and conjunctive features are used to replace current features greedily. The virtual temporal difference (TD) error is recorded for each conjunctive feature to judge whether the replacement can improve the approximation. Correctness guarantees and computational complexity analysis are provided for GFR. Experimental results in two domains show that GFR achieves much faster learning and has the capability to handle large-scale problems.
现实问题中的强化学习(RL)需要依赖于选择合适的特征表示的函数近似。表示展开技术可以使线性逼近器更有效地表示值函数;然而,这些技术大多只适用于低维问题。在本文中,我们提出了贪婪特征替换(GFR),这是一种新的在线扩展技术,用于使用二进制特征的基于值的RL算法。给定一个简单的初始表示,特征表示是增量扩展的。新的特征依赖自动添加到当前表示中,并使用连接特征贪婪地替换当前特征。记录每个连接特征的虚拟时间差(TD)误差,以判断替换是否可以改善近似。给出了GFR的正确性保证和计算复杂度分析。两个领域的实验结果表明,GFR实现了更快的学习速度,并具有处理大规模问题的能力。
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引用次数: 2
Robust synchronization of chaotic systems using slidingmode and feedback control 基于滑模和反馈控制的混沌系统鲁棒同步
Pub Date : 2014-03-01 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.C1300266
Li-li Li, Ying Liu, Qi-guo Yao
We propose a robust scheme to achieve the synchronization of chaotic systems with modeling mismatches and parametric variations. The proposed algorithm combines high-order sliding mode and feedback control. The sliding mode is used to estimate the synchronization error between the master and the slave as well as its time derivatives, while feedback control is used to drive the slave track the master. The stability of the proposed design is proved theoretically, and its performance is verified by some numerical simulations. Compared with some existing synchronization algorithms, the proposed algorithm shows faster convergence and stronger robustness to system uncertainties.
提出了一种鲁棒方案来实现具有模型失配和参数变化的混沌系统的同步。该算法结合了高阶滑模和反馈控制。采用滑模估计主从同步误差及其时间导数,采用反馈控制驱动从跟踪主从。从理论上证明了该设计的稳定性,并通过数值模拟验证了其性能。与现有同步算法相比,该算法收敛速度快,对系统不确定性具有较强的鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 1
A probabilistic approach for predictive congestion control in wireless sensor networks 无线传感器网络预测拥塞控制的概率方法
Pub Date : 2014-03-01 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.C1300175
R. Uthra, S. V. Kasmir Raja, A. Jeyasekar, A. Lattanze
Any node in a wireless sensor network is a resource constrained device in terms of memory, bandwidth, and energy, which leads to a large number of packet drops, low throughput, and significant waste of energy due to retransmission. This paper presents a new approach for predicting congestion using a probabilistic method and controlling congestion using new rate control methods. The probabilistic approach used for prediction of the occurrence of congestion in a node is developed using data traffic and buffer occupancy. The rate control method uses a back-off selection scheme and also rate allocation schemes, namely rate regulation (RRG) and split protocol (SP), to improve throughput and reduce packet drop. A back-off interval selection scheme is introduced in combination with rate reduction (RR) and RRG. The back-off interval selection scheme considers channel state and collision-free transmission to prevent congestion. Simulations were conducted and the results were compared with those of decentralized predictive congestion control (DPCC) and adaptive duty-cycle based congestion control (ADCC). The results showed that the proposed method reduces congestion and improves performance.
无线传感器网络中的任何节点在内存、带宽和能量方面都是资源受限的设备,这导致大量的数据包丢失,吞吐量低,并且由于重传而导致大量的能量浪费。本文提出了一种用概率方法预测拥塞和用新的速率控制方法控制拥塞的新方法。利用数据流量和缓冲区占用率开发了用于预测节点中拥塞发生的概率方法。速率控制方法采用后退选择方案和速率分配方案,即速率调节(RRG)和分离协议(SP),以提高吞吐量和减少丢包。结合降率(RR)和RRG,提出了一种退退间隔选择方案。退退间隔选择方案考虑信道状态和无冲突传输以防止拥塞。仿真结果与分散预测拥塞控制(DPCC)和基于自适应占空比的拥塞控制(ADCC)进行了比较。结果表明,该方法减少了拥塞,提高了性能。
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引用次数: 15
K-nearest neighborhood based integration of time-of-flight cameras and passive stereo for high-accuracy depth maps 基于k近邻的飞行时间相机和被动立体的高精度深度地图集成
Pub Date : 2014-03-01 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.C1300194
Liwen Liu, Y. Li, Ming Zhang, Lianghao Wang, Dongxiao Li
Both time-of-flight (ToF) cameras and passive stereo can provide the depth information for their corresponding captured real scenes, but they have innate limitations. ToF cameras and passive stereo are intrinsically complementary for certain tasks. It is desirable to appropriately leverage all the available information by ToF cameras and passive stereo. Although some fusion methods have been presented recently, they fail to consider ToF reliability detection and ToF based improvement of passive stereo. As a result, this study proposes an approach to integrating ToF cameras and passive stereo to obtain high-accuracy depth maps. The main contributions are: (1) An energy cost function is devised to use data from ToF cameras to boost the stereo matching of passive stereo; (2) A fusion method is used to combine the depth information from both ToF cameras and passive stereo to obtain high-accuracy depth maps. Experiments show that the proposed approach achieves improved results with high accuracy and robustness.
ToF (time-of-flight, ToF)相机和被动式立体摄像机都可以为它们所捕捉的真实场景提供深度信息,但它们都有先天的局限性。ToF相机和无源立体在某些任务中具有内在的互补性。适当地利用ToF相机和被动立体声的所有可用信息是可取的。虽然近年来提出了一些融合方法,但它们都没有考虑ToF可靠性检测和基于ToF的被动立体改进。因此,本研究提出了一种将ToF相机与被动立体相结合以获得高精度深度图的方法。主要贡献有:(1)设计了能量代价函数,利用ToF相机数据增强被动立体匹配;(2)采用融合方法,将ToF相机和被动立体的深度信息结合起来,得到高精度的深度图。实验结果表明,该方法具有较高的精度和鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 1
A two-stage heuristic method for vehicle routing problem with split deliveries and pickups 一种两阶段启发式方法求解分送分取车辆路径问题
Pub Date : 2014-03-01 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.C1300177
Yong Wang, Xiaolu Ma, Yunteng Lao, Haifeng Yu, Yong Liu
The vehicle routing problem (VRP) is a well-known combinatorial optimization issue in transportation and logistics network systems. There exist several limitations associated with the traditional VRP. Releasing the restricted conditions of traditional VRP has become a research focus in the past few decades. The vehicle routing problem with split deliveries and pickups (VRPSPDP) is particularly proposed to release the constraints on the visiting times per customer and vehicle capacity, that is, to allow the deliveries and pickups for each customer to be simultaneously split more than once. Few studies have focused on the VRPSPDP problem. In this paper we propose a two-stage heuristic method integrating the initial heuristic algorithm and hybrid heuristic algorithm to study the VRPSPDP problem. To validate the proposed algorithm, Solomon benchmark datasets and extended Solomon benchmark datasets were modified to compare with three other popular algorithms. A total of 18 datasets were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The computational results indicated that the proposed algorithm is superior to these three algorithms for VRPSPDP in terms of total travel cost and average loading rate.
车辆路径问题(VRP)是交通物流网络系统中一个众所周知的组合优化问题。传统VRP存在一些限制。解除传统VRP的限制条件已成为近几十年来的研究热点。特别提出了分送分取车辆路径问题(VRPSPDP),以解除对每个客户访问次数和车辆容量的限制,即允许每个客户的分送和分取同时进行多次分割。很少有研究关注VRPSPDP问题。本文提出了一种结合初始启发式算法和混合启发式算法的两阶段启发式方法来研究VRPSPDP问题。为了验证所提出的算法,对Solomon基准数据集和扩展的Solomon基准数据集进行了修改,并与其他三种流行的算法进行了比较。总共使用了18个数据集来评估所提出方法的有效性。计算结果表明,该算法在VRPSPDP的总行程成本和平均加载率方面均优于上述三种算法。
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引用次数: 20
A power conversion system for PMSG-based WECS operating with fully-controlled current-source converters 一种基于pmsg的wcs的功率转换系统,该系统采用完全可控的电流源转换器
Pub Date : 2014-03-01 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.C1300231
J. Bao, Wei-bing Bao, Yu-ling Li
We propose a new power conversion system for a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based grid-connected wind energy conversion system (WECS) operating with fully-controlled back-to-back current-source converters. On the generator side, two independent current-source rectifiers (CSRs) with space-vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) are employed to regulate and stabilize DC-link currents. Between DC-link and the electrical grid, a direct-type three-phase five-level current-source inverter (CSI) is inserted as a buffer to regulate real and reactive power fed to the grid and thus adjusts the grid side power-factor. We also present a current-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) scheme, which helps the generator extract the maximum power through closed-loop regulation of the generator speed. By applying the multilevel modulation and control strategies to the grid-side five-level CSI, a multilevel output current waveform with less distortion is produced, and the bulk requirement of the output capacitor filter to eliminate the harmonic current is reduced. All the proposed concepts are verified by simulation models built in a PSIM environment.
本文提出了一种基于永磁同步发电机(PMSG)并网风能转换系统(WECS)的新型功率转换系统,该系统采用全控背靠背电流源变流器运行。在发电机侧,两个独立的电流源整流器(CSRs)采用空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)来调节和稳定直流链路电流。在直流链路和电网之间,插入一个直接型三相五电平电流源逆变器(CSI)作为缓冲器来调节馈送到电网的实功率和无功功率,从而调节电网侧功率因数。我们还提出了一种基于电流的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)方案,该方案通过对发电机转速的闭环调节来帮助发电机提取最大功率。通过对电网侧五电平CSI采用多电平调制和控制策略,产生了失真较小的多电平输出电流波形,降低了输出电容滤波器消除谐波电流的体积要求。所有提出的概念都通过在PSIM环境中建立的仿真模型进行了验证。
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引用次数: 2
Stochastic gradient algorithm for a dual-rate Box-Jenkins model based on auxiliary model and FIRmode 基于辅助模型和FIRmode的双速率Box-Jenkins模型随机梯度算法
Pub Date : 2014-02-07 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.C1300072
Jing Chen, Ruifeng Ding
Based on the work in Ding and Ding (2008), we develop a modified stochastic gradient (SG) parameter estimation algorithm for a dual-rate Box-Jenkins model by using an auxiliary model. We simplify the complex dual-rate Box-Jenkins model to two finite impulse response (FIR) models, present an auxiliary model to estimate the missing outputs and the unknown noise variables, and compute all the unknown parameters of the system with colored noises. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method is effective.
在Ding and Ding(2008)的基础上,我们利用辅助模型开发了一种改进的双速率Box-Jenkins模型的随机梯度(SG)参数估计算法。我们将复杂的双速率Box-Jenkins模型简化为两个有限脉冲响应(FIR)模型,提出了一个辅助模型来估计缺失输出和未知噪声变量,并计算了带有彩色噪声的系统的所有未知参数。仿真结果表明,该方法是有效的。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C-Computers & Electronics
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