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Lightweight steering equipment based on prestressed modal analysis 基于预应力模态分析的轻型转向设备
IF 1 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.21595/jve.2023.23547
Yonggang Wang
As the key component to control the driving direction of the vehicle, the steering device always bears large vibration and load. In order to improve structural performance and reduce costs, a multi-objective optimization method based on the results of prestressed modal analysis was proposed, which can achieve significant lightweight and cost-effectiveness improvement. Based on the principle and working characteristics of the steering device, the minimum value of mass, minimum value of maximum stress, maximum value of equivalent stiffness were set as optimization objectives. Through finite element analysis, the prestressed modal module was constructed, and the strength and modal characteristics of the steering device were obtained. In order to verify the accuracy of prestressed modal analysis, the vibration testing experimental platform was built in a non free state. The excitation and response signals can be obtained through sensors and data acquisition devices and used as input and output data. According to the comparative analysis of simulated vibration modes, it can be concluded that the coupling analysis of strength and mode is more in line with actual boundary conditions and has high reliability. The DOE (Design of Experience) method was adopted to construct discrete corresponding values between design variables and optimization objectives based on the results of prestressed modal analysis. In order to better evaluate the cost-effectiveness of lightweight, a comparative analysis was conducted on the results of primary and secondary lightweight. The results show that the prestressed modal analysis method can achieve good dynamic analysis accuracy. Without reducing strength and equivalent stiffness, the mass of the steering device can be reduced by 14 %, achieving high economic benefits.
作为控制汽车行驶方向的关键部件,转向装置始终承受着巨大的振动和载荷。为了提高结构性能、降低成本,提出了一种基于预应力模态分析结果的多目标优化方法,可实现显著的轻量化和性价比提升。根据转向装置的原理和工作特性,将质量最小值、最大应力最小值、等效刚度最大值设定为优化目标。通过有限元分析,构建了预应力模态模块,得到了转向装置的强度和模态特性。为了验证预应力模态分析的准确性,建立了非自由状态下的振动测试实验平台。通过传感器和数据采集设备获得激励信号和响应信号,并将其作为输入和输出数据。根据模拟振动模式的对比分析,可以得出结论:强度与模式的耦合分析更符合实际边界条件,可靠性高。根据预应力模态分析结果,采用 DOE(经验设计)方法构建设计变量与优化目标之间的离散对应值。为了更好地评估轻量化的成本效益,对一次轻量化和二次轻量化的结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,预应力模态分析方法可以实现良好的动态分析精度。在不降低强度和等效刚度的情况下,转向装置的质量可减少 14%,实现了较高的经济效益。
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引用次数: 0
Incremental dynamic analysis method application in the seismic vulnerability of infilled wall frame structures 增量动力分析法在填充墙框架结构抗震脆弱性中的应用
IF 1 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-07 DOI: 10.21595/jve.2023.23491
Weini Ma
To reasonably evaluate the overall seismic performance of infilled wall frames, a corresponding nonlinear analysis model is constructed with infilled wall frames as the research object. It quantifies the failure levels of structural and non-structural components and proposes a method for extracting structural overall performance indicators. The vulnerability of the case frame structure is analyzed using the Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) method. The results showed that the seismic performance of the infilled wall frame and the ordinary frame met the seismic fortification requirements, and the seismic capacity of the infilled wall frame was better. After implementing a 7-degree seismic fortification, the cumulative probability of basic integrity, minor damage, and moderate damage for infill wall frames reached 99.15 %, surpassing the fortification target of 1.5 g. However, the seismic capacity of ordinary frames was overestimated, as their cumulative probability of basic intact, minor damage, and moderate damage under a 7-degree seismic fortification was 99.7 %. Neglecting its impact, ordinary frames exhibited lower seismic performance compared to other structures, with a basic intact probability of only 48.49 % under frequent earthquake actions at 7 degrees. The research utilizes effective methods for evaluating the seismic vulnerability of infilled wall frames.
为合理评估填充墙框架的整体抗震性能,以填充墙框架为研究对象,构建了相应的非线性分析模型。该模型量化了结构和非结构部件的破坏程度,并提出了一种提取结构整体性能指标的方法。采用增量动力分析(IDA)方法分析了案例框架结构的脆弱性。结果表明,填充墙框架和普通框架的抗震性能均满足抗震设防要求,填充墙框架的抗震能力更好。实施 7 度抗震设防后,填充墙框架的基本完整、轻微破坏和中度破坏的累计概率达到 99.15%,超过了 1.5 g 的设防目标;但普通框架的抗震能力被高估,在 7 度抗震设防下,其基本完整、轻微破坏和中度破坏的累计概率为 99.7%。如果忽略其影响,普通框架结构的抗震性能则低于其他结构,在 7 度地震频繁作用下,其基本完好概率仅为 48.49%。该研究利用有效方法评估了填充墙框架的抗震脆弱性。
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引用次数: 0
The optimization method of CNC lathe performance based on Morris sensitivity analysis and improved GA algorithm 基于 Morris 敏感性分析和改进 GA 算法的数控车床性能优化方法
IF 1 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.21595/jve.2023.23356
Xianyi Li
This study achieved the goal of guiding bed design and optimization by conducting multi-objective optimization research on the performance of CNC lathe beds. In this study, Morris analysis was first performed on the sensitivity of the parameters, and then out to optimize the parameters using a combination of neural network and genetic algorithm. The loss function value, RMSE error accumulation, recall, sensitivity and specificity of the ASSGA-BP optimization model were better. The maximum error between the predicted and true values of the ASSGA-BP model was 0.28 mm. In the performance study of the multi-objective optimization method based on the Morris sensitivity analysis and the improved GA algorithm, the average MAE value is 0.91 %. The average RMSE value is 0.59 %. Also, the new model is significantly better than the NSGA-II, EGA, and FGA algorithms in terms of both the number of final non-dominated solutions and the speed of reaching convergence. The above results demonstrate that the model proposed in this study has high performance, can achieve faster convergence and has the best stability of the convergence state. The innovation of this article lies in the use of the Morris method to screen and evaluate numerous parameters in order to improve the accuracy of the calculation results and ensure the effectiveness of the optimization results. The improved algorithm overcomes the problems of BP neural network and can effectively improve the generalization performance of the neural network, thereby improving the prediction accuracy of the model.
本研究通过对数控车床床身性能进行多目标优化研究,实现了指导床身设计和优化的目标。本研究首先对参数的灵敏度进行了 Morris 分析,然后采用神经网络和遗传算法相结合的方法对参数进行优化。ASSGA-BP 优化模型的损失函数值、RMSE 误差累积、召回率、灵敏度和特异性均较好。ASSGA-BP 模型的预测值与真实值之间的最大误差为 0.28 毫米。在基于 Morris 灵敏度分析和改进 GA 算法的多目标优化方法的性能研究中,平均 MAE 值为 0.91 %。平均 RMSE 值为 0.59 %。此外,新模型在最终非支配解的数量和达到收敛的速度方面都明显优于 NSGA-II、EGA 和 FGA 算法。以上结果表明,本研究提出的模型具有较高的性能,可以实现较快的收敛速度,收敛状态的稳定性也最好。本文的创新之处在于利用 Morris 方法对众多参数进行筛选和评估,以提高计算结果的准确性,确保优化结果的有效性。改进后的算法克服了 BP 神经网络存在的问题,能有效提高神经网络的泛化性能,从而提高模型的预测精度。
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引用次数: 0
Gear error control and response of electric vehicle transmission gearing based on gear trimming 基于齿轮微调的电动汽车变速器齿轮误差控制与响应
IF 1 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.21595/jve.2023.23550
Linlin Zhao, Zhongwang Zhou, Tao Wu
The lightweight development of electric vehicle motors is a prominent future trend, with the challenge of transmission vibration and noise acting as a key bottleneck that limits the enhancement of power and speed in electric vehicle drive systems. The noise generated by electric vehicle transmissions is primarily associated with the transmission system and gear structure. In line with this, the present study proposes an analysis of transmission error and response mechanisms through gear modifications. The research delves into the analysis of gear deformation and error generation characteristics. It further investigates methods for parametric equation modeling, tooth profile modification, deformation imprint analysis, and vibration response modeling to examine excitation response analysis and noise reduction techniques pertaining to transmission errors. The findings demonstrate that, under 40 % torque, the shaped gear exhibited a maximum reduction in transmission error of 34.2 %, resulting in an overall error improvement of over 5.7 %. Moreover, the maximum error difference after tooth profile and tooth direction shaping exceeded 2 %. The gear-shaping-based electric vehicle transmission showcased favorable economic and technical performance, while its excitation response mechanism provided valuable guidance for mass production. Overall, these results highlight the significance of analyzing transmission errors through gear modifications in achieving lightweight electric vehicle motors. By addressing transmission vibration and noise issues, this research contributes to overcoming limitations and promoting advancements in power and speed within electric vehicle drive systems.
电动汽车电机的轻量化发展是未来的一个突出趋势,而变速器的振动和噪声问题则是制约电动汽车驱动系统功率和速度提升的一个关键瓶颈。电动汽车变速器产生的噪声主要与变速器系统和齿轮结构有关。有鉴于此,本研究提出了通过修改齿轮来分析变速器误差和响应机制。研究深入分析了齿轮变形和误差产生的特点。研究还进一步探讨了参数方程建模、齿形修改、变形印记分析和振动响应建模等方法,以研究与传动误差有关的激励响应分析和降噪技术。研究结果表明,在 40% 的扭矩下,成形齿轮的传动误差最大减少了 34.2%,总体误差改善了 5.7%。此外,齿廓和齿向整形后的最大误差差异超过 2%。基于插齿的电动汽车变速器展示了良好的经济和技术性能,而其激励响应机制则为批量生产提供了宝贵的指导。总之,这些结果凸显了通过修改齿轮来分析传动误差对于实现电动汽车电机轻量化的重要意义。通过解决变速器的振动和噪音问题,这项研究有助于克服电动汽车驱动系统的局限性,并促进功率和速度方面的进步。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamics model and vibrational response analysis of helical gear-rotor-bearing transmission system 斜齿轮转子轴承传动系统的动力学模型和振动响应分析
IF 1 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.21595/jve.2023.23371
Hongyuan Zhang, Shuo Li, Xin Zhang
As a core component of wind turbines, wind power gear speed increasers often work in harsh environments, so it is necessary to study the vibration characteristics of gear transmission systems. Taking a wind turbine gearbox high-speed stage helical gear transmission system as the research object, the dynamics model of multi-degree-of-freedom helical gear-rotor-bearing transmission system is established by the lumped parameter method and solved by Runge-Kutta method, taking into account the tooth side clearance of the gear, transmission error, eccentricity and support force of the nonlinear bearing. The effects of input torque, transmission error and tooth side clearance on the vibration characteristic response of the helical gear train were analyzed. The relationship between the trend of amplitude change in each direction of the gear and the trend of change in the major frequency components was analyzed under the conditions of changing internal and external excitation. The results show that torsional vibration dominates in the system. As the input torque increases, the vibration amplitude of the driving and driven gears decreases, and the frequency amplitude decreases significantly at multiple locations. Gear transmission errors and changes in tooth side clearance have significant effects on gear vibration amplitudes, but are sensitive only to the meshing frequency. The trend of gear vibration amplitude caused by the change of external excitation of the gear set is synchronized with the trend of main frequency amplitude in the corresponding direction, while the change of vibration amplitude caused by internal excitation is consistent with the trend of mesh frequency amplitude in the corresponding direction. The results of this paper can pave a certain foundation for the design and fault diagnosis of wind power gearbox transmission system.
风电齿轮增速机作为风力发电机组的核心部件,经常工作在恶劣的环境中,因此有必要对齿轮传动系统的振动特性进行研究。以风力发电机齿轮箱高速级斜齿轮传动系统为研究对象,考虑齿轮齿侧间隙、传动误差、偏心率和非线性轴承的支撑力等因素,采用叠加参数法建立了多自由度斜齿轮-转子-轴承传动系统动力学模型,并采用 Runge-Kutta 法进行求解。分析了输入扭矩、传动误差和齿侧间隙对斜齿轮系振动特性响应的影响。在内外激振力变化的条件下,分析了齿轮各方向振幅变化趋势与主要频率成分变化趋势之间的关系。结果表明,扭转振动在系统中占主导地位。随着输入扭矩的增加,驱动齿轮和从动齿轮的振动振幅减小,多个位置的频率振幅明显减小。齿轮传动误差和齿侧间隙变化对齿轮振动振幅有显著影响,但只对啮合频率敏感。齿轮组外部激振力变化引起的齿轮振动振幅变化趋势与相应方向的主频振幅变化趋势同步,而内部激振力引起的振动振幅变化趋势与相应方向的啮合频率振幅变化趋势一致。本文的研究结果可为风电齿轮箱传动系统的设计和故障诊断奠定一定的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Modelling and dynamic behaviours of a high-contact-ratio spur-gear system considering rough surface 考虑粗糙表面的高接触比正向齿轮系统的建模和动态特性
IF 1 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.21595/jve.2023.23330
Zhenbang Cheng, Yu Zhou, Zhengyu Liu
The dynamic characteristics of a high-contact-ratio (HCR) spur-gear system having rough surfaces generated by shot peening (SP) were studied, with specific emphasis on characterisation of the gear-surface topography as well as modelling of the gear backlash and static transmission error. Accordingly, a four-degree-of-freedom dynamic model was established. Simulation experiments were then conducted using surface roughness, rotational velocity, input torque, and shaft-bearing stiffness as the variables. The results show that the dynamic characteristics of the gear system tend toward instability with increasing surface roughness. The models developed in this study outline a method for building indirect relationships between the vibration, dynamics, and tooth-surface microscopic features. This research thus provides a theoretical basis for designing the tooth-surface topography of HCR gears in the future.
研究了由喷丸强化(SP)产生粗糙表面的高接触比(HCR)正齿轮系统的动态特性,特别强调了齿轮表面形貌的特征以及齿轮反向间隙和静态传动误差的建模。因此,建立了一个四自由度动态模型。然后以表面粗糙度、旋转速度、输入扭矩和轴轴承刚度为变量进行了模拟实验。结果表明,随着表面粗糙度的增加,齿轮系统的动态特性趋于不稳定。本研究建立的模型勾勒出了一种建立振动、动力学和齿面微观特征之间间接关系的方法。因此,本研究为今后设计 HCR 齿轮的齿面形貌提供了理论依据。
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引用次数: 0
Design and parameter optimization of a new type in-wheel motor drive electric vehicle vibration reduction system 新型轮内电机驱动电动汽车减震系统的设计与参数优化
IF 1 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.21595/jve.2023.23551
Lunzuo Li, Sheng Kang, Jiangjun Deng
In order to reduce the problem of unsprung mass increased caused by using of in-wheel motor, resulting in poor ride comfort of in-wheel motor drive (IWMD) electric vehicle. A new type in-wheel motor drive electric vehicle vibration reduction system is designed based on the special structure of axial flux motor, and the stator of axial flux motor is suspended by rubber bushing and stator suspension. Then the effectiveness of the designed IWMD electric vehicle vibration reduction system is verified by simulation analysis. The parameters of the designed IWMD electric vehicle vibration reduction system is optimized by orthogonal experiment to further improve which vibration reduction performance, and the optimal parameters scheme of the designed IWMD electric vehicle vibration reduction system is determined by comparative simulation analysis.
为了减少轮内电机驱动(IWMD)电动汽车因使用轮内电机而导致簧下质量增加、乘坐舒适性差的问题。基于轴向磁通电机的特殊结构,设计了一种新型轮内电机驱动电动汽车减振系统,通过橡胶衬套和定子悬挂装置将轴向磁通电机的定子悬挂起来。然后通过仿真分析验证了所设计的 IWMD 电动汽车减振系统的有效性。通过正交实验对所设计的 IWMD 电动汽车减振系统的参数进行优化,以进一步提高其减振性能,并通过对比仿真分析确定了所设计的 IWMD 电动汽车减振系统的最优参数方案。
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引用次数: 0
Multi frequency weak signals detection based on under-sampling bistable stochastic resonance 基于欠采样双稳态随机共振的多频微弱信号检测
IF 1 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-12-27 DOI: 10.21595/jve.2023.23447
Fang Jiaqi
Signal detection has a wide range of practical applications. Compared with traditional weak signal detection, the nonlinear effect of noise in the bistable system is typical and easy to extend, so bistable stochastic resonance detection technique has a wider applicability. In this paper, the multi-frequency weak signals detection based on under-sampling bistable stochastic resonance is studied. Based on the theory of bistable stochastic resonance, a simulation model is established to simultaneously detect multiple low-frequency weak signals. The spectrum of input and output signals is obtained through numerical simulation calculation, and the system characteristics are analyzed. When the large parameter signal does not meet the adiabatic approximation theory, the appropriate sampling coefficient can be selected to directly under-sample the input signal to make it conform to the conditions, and then the scale inverse transformation can be carried out. Finally, combined with the simulation analysis, the correctness of the under-sampling bistable stochastic resonance system to detect the multi-frequency weak signals is verified, the sampling rate is reduced, and the complexity is effectively decreased.
信号检测具有广泛的实际应用。与传统的微弱信号检测相比,双稳态系统中噪声的非线性效应典型且易于扩展,因此双稳态随机共振检测技术具有更广泛的适用性。本文研究了基于欠采样双稳态随机共振的多频微弱信号检测。基于双稳态随机共振理论,建立了同时检测多个低频微弱信号的仿真模型。通过数值模拟计算得到输入和输出信号的频谱,并分析了系统特性。当大参数信号不符合绝热近似理论时,可选择合适的采样系数直接对输入信号进行欠采样,使其符合条件,然后进行尺度反变换。最后,结合仿真分析,验证了欠采样双稳态随机共振系统检测多频微弱信号的正确性,降低了采样率,有效降低了复杂度。
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引用次数: 0
Time domain response analysis of multi-flow channel hydraulic mount 多流道液压支架的时域响应分析
IF 1 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.21595/jve.2023.22940
Zhihong Lin, Chunrong Wang, Yunxiao Chen, Mingzhong Wu, Feijie Zheng, Jian Wei
In order to analyze the effect of the combination of long and short inertia channels and orifice flow channels on the time domain response of hydraulic mounts. Firstly, six hydraulic mounts with different combinations of inertia channels and orifice flow channels are proposed. And then, the transfer functions of dynamic stiffness and upper chamber pressure for six structures of hydraulic mounts are derived using the lumped parameter method. Next, the time domain analytic formulas for the transfer force and upper chamber pressure for six structural hydraulic mounts under steady-state excitation and step excitation are obtained using the convolution method. Finally, the analytical formula is compared with the hydraulic mount’s model built by AMEsim; Meanwhile, the effects of inertia terms of inertia channels, damping, and damping of orifice flow channels on hydraulic mounts transfer forces are analyzed; Analyze the effect of transfer force variation and excitation amplitude on hydraulic mounts damping for different configurations of structures. Research shows that inertia channels and orifice flow channels directly affect the low-frequency dynamic characteristics of hydraulic mounts. At the same time, the effective damping height of the hydraulic mounts depends on the excitation amplitude.
为了分析长、短惯性通道和孔板流道组合对液压支架时域响应的影响。首先,提出了6种不同惯量通道和孔板流道组合的液压支架。然后,采用集总参数法推导了6种液压悬置结构的动刚度和上腔压力传递函数。其次,利用卷积法得到了6个液压支架在稳态激励和阶跃激励下的传递力和上腔压力的时域解析公式。最后,将解析公式与AMEsim建立的液压悬置模型进行了比较;同时,分析了惯量通道、阻尼、孔板流道阻尼等惯量项对液压支架传递力的影响;分析了不同结构形式下传递力变化和激励幅值对液压支架阻尼的影响。研究表明,惯性通道和孔板流道直接影响液压支架的低频动态特性。同时,液压支架的有效阻尼高度取决于激励幅值。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the influence of the interaction between decoupled membrane channels and inertial channels on the mount' characteristics 分析去耦膜通道和惯性通道之间的相互作用对支架特性的影响
IF 1 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.21595/jve.2023.22860
Zhihong Lin, Yunxiao Chen, Mingzhong Wu, Feijie Zheng
In order to study the effect of the interaction between different inertial channels and decoupler membrane channels on the hydraulic mount characteristic. Firstly, the effect of the single inertia channel and decoupler membrane channel interaction on the hydraulic mount characteristic is analyzed. Secondly, a multi-inertia channel hydraulic mount model with nine structures and four combination schemes is proposed. Among them, the mount's structure includes long inertia channels, short inertia channels, different inertia channel cross-sectional areas, and the number of inertia channels. And then, the number of inertia channels, the cross-sectional area, and the interaction between long and short inertia channels and decoupler membrane channels are analyzed for their effects on the hydraulic mount characteristics. Finally, the effect of the interaction between the inertial and decoupler membrane channels on the time-domain characteristics of the hydraulic mount at different excitation amplitudes. The results show that the number of inertia channels, cross-sectional area, and the interaction between the number of long and short inertia channels and decoupler membrane channels directly affect the vibration isolation performance of hydraulic mounts at high and low frequencies.
为了研究不同惯性通道和去耦膜通道之间的相互作用对液压支架特性的影响。首先,分析了单惯性通道和去耦膜通道相互作用对液压支架特性的影响。其次,提出了具有九种结构和四种组合方案的多惯性通道液压悬置模型。其中,支架结构包括长惯性通道、短惯性通道、不同惯性通道截面积和惯性通道数量。然后,分析了惯性通道的数量、横截面积以及长、短惯性通道和去耦膜通道之间的相互作用对液压支架特性的影响。最后,分析了不同激励振幅下惯性膜通道和去耦膜通道之间的相互作用对液压支架时域特性的影响。结果表明,惯性通道的数量、横截面积以及长短惯性通道和去耦膜通道之间的相互作用直接影响液压悬置在高频和低频下的隔振性能。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Vibroengineering
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