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Gun Violence Exposure and Quality of Life in Nine US States. 美国九个州的枪支暴力暴露与生活质量。
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00891-7
Jennifer Paruk, Daniel Semenza

Direct and indirect gun violence exposure (GVE) is associated with a broad range of detrimental health effects. However, much of this research has examined the effects of a single type of GVE (e.g., being shot) on discrete outcomes (e.g., daily pain, PTSD). Since people may experience numerous types of GVE (e.g., being threatened with a gun and hearing gunshots in their neighborhood) with broad effects on their well-being, we study the association between four types of direct and indirect GVE and five aspects of quality of life (overall, physical, psychological, social, and environmental). Using a representative sample of adults from nine states (N = 7455), we find that witnessing/hearing about a shooting in one's neighborhood was the most commonly experienced GVE associated with significant decreases in all five types of quality of life. Cumulative GVE was also associated with significant decreases in overall physical, psychological, social, and environmental quality of life. For example, individuals with four GVEs had an adjusted average physical quality of life that was 11.14 points lower and environmental quality of life that was 7.18 points lower than individuals with no GVE. Decreasing gun violence is a critical component of improving community health and well-being.

直接和间接接触枪支暴力 (GVE) 与一系列有害健康的影响有关。然而,大部分研究都是研究单一类型的 GVE(如中弹)对离散结果(如日常疼痛、创伤后应激障碍)的影响。由于人们可能会经历多种类型的 GVE(例如,受到枪支威胁和在邻居家听到枪声)并对其福祉产生广泛影响,因此我们研究了四种类型的直接和间接 GVE 与生活质量的五个方面(整体、身体、心理、社会和环境)之间的关联。通过对九个州具有代表性的成年人样本(N = 7455)的研究,我们发现,目睹/听说自己所在社区发生枪击事件是最常见的暴力侵害经历,与所有五种生活质量的显著下降都有关联。累积性 GVE 也与总体身体、心理、社会和环境生活质量的显著下降有关。例如,与没有 GVE 的人相比,有四次 GVE 的人调整后的平均身体生活质量要低 11.14 分,环境生活质量要低 7.18 分。减少枪支暴力是改善社区健康和福祉的重要组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
Sentiment Analysis of Twitter Posts Related to a COVID-19 Test & Trace Program in NYC. 对与纽约市 COVID-19 测试与跟踪计划相关的 Twitter 帖子进行情感分析。
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00906-3
Krystle A Tsai, Michelle M Chau, Juncheng Wang, Lorna E Thorpe, Rachel E Massar, Sarah Conderino, Carolyn A Berry, Nadia S Islam, Anna Bershteyn, Marie A Bragg

As part of a program evaluation of the New York City Test & Trace program (T2)-one of the largest such programs in the USA-we conducted a study to assess how implementing organizations (NYC Health + Hospitals, government agencies, CBOs) communicated information about the T2 program on Twitter. Study aims were as follows: (1) quantify user engagement of posts ("tweets") about T2 by NYC organizations on Twitter and (2) examine the emotional tone of social media users' T2-related tweets in our sample of 1987 T2-related tweets. Celebrities and CBOs generated more user engagement (0.26% and 0.07%, respectively) compared to government agencies (e.g., Mayor's Office, 0.0019%), reinforcing the value of collaborating with celebrities and CBOs in social media public health campaigns. Sentiment analysis revealed that positive tweets (46.5%) had higher user engagement than negative tweets (number of likes: R2 = .095, p < .01), underscoring the importance of positively framing messages for effective public health campaigns.

作为纽约市 "测试与追踪 "计划(T2)--美国最大的此类计划之一--项目评估的一部分,我们开展了一项研究,以评估实施组织(纽约市健康与医院、政府机构、社区组织)如何在 Twitter 上传播有关 T2 计划的信息。研究目的如下(1)量化纽约市各组织在 Twitter 上发布的有关 T2 的帖子("推文")的用户参与度;(2)在我们的 1987 条 T2 相关推文样本中,研究社交媒体用户的 T2 相关推文的情感基调。与政府机构(如市长办公室,0.0019%)相比,名人和社区组织产生了更多的用户参与(分别为 0.26% 和 0.07%),这加强了在社交媒体公共卫生活动中与名人和社区组织合作的价值。情感分析表明,正面推文(46.5%)的用户参与度高于负面推文(点赞数,R2 = 0.095,p<0.05):R2 = .095,p
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引用次数: 0
Lessons Learned from the Launch and Implementation of the COVID-19 Contact Tracing Program in New York City: a Qualitative Study. 在纽约市启动和实施 COVID-19 接触者追踪计划的经验教训:定性研究。
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00898-0
Margaret M Paul, Lorraine Kwok, Rachel E Massar, Michelle Chau, Rita Larson, Stefanie Bendik, Lorna E Thorpe, Anna Bershteyn, Nadia Islam, Carolyn A Berry

On June 1, 2020, NYC Health + Hospitals, in partnership with the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, other city agencies, and a large network of community partners, launched the New York City Test & Trace (T2) COVID-19 response program to identify and isolate cases, reduce transmission through contact tracing, and provide support to residents during isolation or quarantine periods. In this paper, we describe lessons learned with respect to planning and implementation of case notification and contact tracing. Our findings are based on extensive document review and analysis of 74 key informant interviews with T2 leadership and frontline staff, cases, and contacts conducted between January and September 2022. Interviews elicited respondent background, history of program development, program leadership and structure, goals of the program, program evolution, staffing, data systems, elements of community engagement, trust with community, program reach, timeliness, equity, general barriers and challenges, general facilitators and best practices, and recommendations/improvement for the program. Facilitators and barriers revealed in the interviews primarily revolved around hiring and managing staff, data and technology, and quality of interactions with the public. Based on these facilitators and barriers, we identify suggestions to support effective planning and response for future case notification and contact tracing programs, including recommendations for planning during latent periods, case management and data systems, and processes for outreach to cases and contacts.

2020 年 6 月 1 日,纽约市健康与医院与纽约市健康与心理卫生局、其他市政机构以及庞大的社区合作伙伴网络合作,启动了纽约市 COVID-19 检测与追踪 (T2) 应对计划,以识别和隔离病例,通过接触追踪减少传播,并在隔离或检疫期间为居民提供支持。在本文中,我们将介绍在规划和实施病例通报和接触者追踪方面的经验教训。我们的研究结果基于广泛的文件审查和对 74 个关键信息提供者的访谈分析,访谈对象包括 T2 领导层和一线员工、病例和接触者,访谈时间为 2022 年 1 月至 9 月。访谈内容包括受访者背景、项目发展历史、项目领导和结构、项目目标、项目演变、人员配置、数据系统、社区参与要素、与社区的信任、项目覆盖范围、及时性、公平性、一般障碍和挑战、一般促进因素和最佳实践,以及对项目的建议/改进。访谈中揭示的促进因素和障碍主要围绕员工的聘用和管理、数据和技术以及与公众互动的质量。基于这些有利因素和障碍,我们提出了支持未来案件通知和联系人追踪计划的有效规划和响应的建议,包括潜伏期规划、案件管理和数据系统以及案件和联系人外联流程的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Predicting Short Time-to-Crime Guns: a Machine Learning Analysis of California Transaction Records (2010-2021). 预测短时间内的犯罪枪支:对加州交易记录(2010-2021 年)的机器学习分析。
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00909-0
Hannah S Laqueur, Colette Smirniotis, Christopher McCort

Gun-related crime continues to be an urgent public health and safety problem in cities across the US. A key question is: how are firearms diverted from the legal retail market into the hands of gun offenders? With close to 8 million legal firearm transaction records in California (2010-2020) linked to over 380,000 records of recovered crime guns (2010-2021), we employ supervised machine learning to predict which firearms are used in crimes shortly after purchase. Specifically, using random forest (RF) with stratified under-sampling, we predict any crime gun recovery within a year (0.2% of transactions) and violent crime gun recovery within a year (0.03% of transactions). We also identify the purchaser, firearm, and dealer characteristics most predictive of this short time-to-crime gun recovery using SHapley Additive exPlanations and mean decrease in accuracy variable importance measures. Overall, our models show good discrimination, and we are able to identify firearms at extreme risk for diversion into criminal hands. The test set AUC is 0.85 for both models. For the model predicting any recovery, a default threshold of 0.50 results in a sensitivity of 0.63 and a specificity of 0.88. Among transactions identified as extremely risky, e.g., transactions with a score of 0.98 and above, 74% (35/47 in the test data) are recovered within a year. The most important predictive features include purchaser age and caliber size. This study suggests the potential utility of transaction records combined with machine learning to identify firearms at the highest risk for diversion and criminal use soon after purchase.

与枪支有关的犯罪仍然是美国各城市亟待解决的公共健康和安全问题。一个关键问题是:枪支是如何从合法零售市场流入枪支犯罪者手中的?加利福尼亚州有近 800 万条合法枪支交易记录(2010-2020 年)与超过 38 万条收缴的犯罪枪支记录(2010-2021 年)相关联,我们利用监督机器学习来预测哪些枪支在购买后不久就被用于犯罪。具体来说,我们使用分层取样不足的随机森林 (RF) 预测了一年内任何犯罪枪支的回收率(占交易的 0.2%)和一年内暴力犯罪枪支的回收率(占交易的 0.03%)。我们还使用 SHapley Additive exPlanations 和平均精度下降变量重要性测量方法确定了最能预测短时间内犯罪枪支回收的购买者、枪支和经销商特征。总体而言,我们的模型显示出良好的辨别能力,能够识别出极易流入犯罪分子手中的枪支。两个模型的测试集 AUC 均为 0.85。对于预测任何回收的模型,默认阈值为 0.50 会导致 0.63 的灵敏度和 0.88 的特异性。在被识别为极高风险的交易中,例如得分在 0.98 及以上的交易,74%(测试数据中为 35/47)在一年内被追回。最重要的预测特征包括购买者年龄和口径大小。这项研究表明,交易记录与机器学习相结合,可以在枪支购买后不久就识别出被转用和用于犯罪的风险最高的枪支。
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引用次数: 0
Structural Determinants of Health and Markers of Immune Activation and Systemic Inflammation in Sexual Minority Men With and Without HIV. 感染和未感染艾滋病毒的少数性取向男性的健康结构决定因素及免疫激活和系统炎症标志物。
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00882-8
Delaram Ghanooni, Annesa Flentje, Sabina Hirshfield, Keith J Horvath, Patricia I Moreno, Audrey Harkness, Emily J Ross, Samantha E Dilworth, Savita Pahwa, Suresh Pallikkuth, Adam W Carrico

Among sexual minority men (SMM), HIV and use of stimulants such as methamphetamine are linked with immune activation and systemic inflammation. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, SMM encountered financial challenges and structural obstacles that might have uniquely contributed to immune dysregulation and systemic inflammation, beyond the impacts of HIV and stimulant use. Between August 2020 and February 2022, 72 SMM with and without HIV residing in South Florida enrolled in a COVID-19 prospective cohort study. Multiple linear regression analyses examined unemployment, homelessness, and history of arrest as structural correlates of soluble markers of immune activation (i.e., sCD14 and sCD163) and inflammation (i.e., sTNF-α receptors I and II) at baseline after adjusting for HIV status, stimulant use, and recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Enrolled participants were predominantly Latino (59%), gay-identified (85%), and with a mean age of 38 (SD, 12) years with approximately one-third (38%) of participants living with HIV. After adjusting for HIV status, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recent stimulant use, unemployment independently predicted higher levels of sCD163 (β = 0.24, p = 0.04) and sTNF-α receptor I (β = 0.26, p = 0.02). Homelessness (β = 0.25, p = 0.02) and history of arrest (β = 0.24, p = 0.04) independently predicted higher levels of sCD14 after adjusting for HIV status, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recent stimulant use. Independent associations exist between structural barriers and immune activation and systemic inflammation in SMM with and without HIV. Future longitudinal research should further elucidate complex bio-behavioral mechanisms linking structural factors with immune activation and inflammation.

在性少数群体男性(SMM)中,艾滋病毒和兴奋剂(如甲基苯丙胺)的使用与免疫激活和全身炎症有关。在 COVID-19 大流行期间,性少数群体男性遇到了经济挑战和结构性障碍,这可能是导致免疫失调和全身炎症的独特原因,而非艾滋病毒和使用兴奋剂的影响。2020 年 8 月至 2022 年 2 月期间,居住在南佛罗里达州的 72 名感染和未感染 HIV 的 SMM 参与了 COVID-19 前瞻性队列研究。多元线性回归分析研究了失业、无家可归和被捕史与基线免疫激活可溶性标记物(即 sCD14 和 sCD163)和炎症(即 sTNF-α 受体 I 和 II)的结构相关性,并对 HIV 感染状况、兴奋剂使用和近期 SARS-CoV-2 感染进行了调整。入选者主要为拉丁裔(59%)、同性恋(85%),平均年龄为 38 岁(标准偏差为 12 岁),其中约三分之一(38%)的人感染了 HIV。在对 HIV 感染状况、SARS-CoV-2 感染和近期使用兴奋剂进行调整后,失业可独立预测较高水平的 sCD163(β = 0.24,p = 0.04)和 sTNF-α 受体 I(β = 0.26,p = 0.02)。无家可归(β = 0.25,p = 0.02)和被捕史(β = 0.24,p = 0.04)可独立预测较高水平的 sCD14,这是在调整 HIV 感染状况、SARS-CoV-2 感染和近期使用兴奋剂后得出的结果。在感染和未感染艾滋病毒的SMM患者中,结构障碍与免疫激活和全身炎症之间存在独立的关联。未来的纵向研究应进一步阐明结构因素与免疫激活和炎症之间复杂的生物行为机制。
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引用次数: 0
Urban Scaling Functions: Emission, Pollution and Health. 城市规模函数:排放、污染与健康。
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00888-2
Caterina A M La Porta, Stefano Zapperi

Urban scaling is widely used to characterize the population dependence of city indicators including greenhouse gas emission. Here we analyze the population dependence of CO 2 and PM2.5 emissions and concentrations across all European cities. Our analysis reveals considerable variations in emissions among cities of comparable population size which are not captured by conventional urban scaling. We thus characterize these fluctuations by multi-parameter scaling functions and multifractal spectral analysis. We find that the distribution of emissions and population is multifractal while that of air pollution is not, leading to non-trivial relations between emission and pollution in some large cities. We also analyze the impact of forests in curbing emission and the impact of air pollution on health. Our work provides a detailed picture of the fluctuations in the scaling of urban metabolism in Europe and suggests a general strategy that goes beyond conventional urban scaling laws.

城市规模被广泛用于描述包括温室气体排放在内的城市指标的人口依赖性。在此,我们分析了欧洲所有城市二氧化碳和 PM2.5 排放量和浓度的人口依赖性。我们的分析表明,在人口规模相当的城市之间,排放量存在相当大的差异,而传统的城市缩放方法无法捕捉到这些差异。因此,我们通过多参数缩放函数和多分形光谱分析来描述这些波动。我们发现,排放和人口的分布是多分形的,而空气污染的分布则不是,这导致一些大城市的排放和污染之间存在非三角关系。我们还分析了森林对抑制排放的影响以及空气污染对健康的影响。我们的工作提供了欧洲城市新陈代谢规模波动的详细情况,并提出了超越传统城市规模规律的一般策略。
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引用次数: 0
Who Benefits? A Mixed Methods Study Assessing Community Use of a Major Metropolitan Park During the COVID-19 Pandemic. 谁会受益?一项混合方法研究,评估 COVID-19 大流行期间大都市公园的社区使用情况。
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00886-4
Áine O'Connor, Eugen Resendiz, Leah Nason, Amy A Eyler, Ross C Brownson, Rodrigo S Reis, Ann Banchoff, Abby C King, Deborah Salvo

By providing spaces for recreation, physical activity, social gatherings, and time in nature, urban parks offer physical, mental, and social benefits to users. However, many urban residents face barriers to park use. The COVID-19 pandemic introduced new potential barriers to urban park access and use, including changes to daily life and employment, closure of park amenities and restrictions to public movement, and risk from the coronavirus itself. The mixed-methods PARCS study measured use and perceptions of a large urban park in St. Louis, Missouri before, during, and after local COVID-19 contingency measures and restrictions. We examine data from 1,157 direct observation assessments of park usership, an online survey of park users (n=561), interviews with key stakeholders (n=27), four focus groups (n=30), and a community-based participatory research sub-study (n=66) to comprehensively characterize the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on park use. Park users who felt unsafe from the coronavirus experienced 2.65 higher odds of reducing park use. However, estimated park visits during COVID-19 contingency measures (n=5,023,759) were twice as high as post-contingency (n=2,277,496). Participants reported using the park for physical activity, recreation, time in nature, and socializing during the contingency period. Black, Hispanic/Latino, and young people were less likely to visit the park than others, suggesting an additional, disproportionate impact of the pandemic on minoritized and socioeconomically disadvantaged communities. This study highlights the role of public spaces like parks as resources for health and sites where urban health inequities can be alleviated in times of public crisis.

城市公园为人们提供了娱乐、体育活动、社交聚会和亲近大自然的空间,为使用者带来了身体、精神和社会方面的益处。然而,许多城市居民在使用公园时面临障碍。COVID-19 大流行为城市公园的进入和使用带来了新的潜在障碍,包括日常生活和就业的改变、公园设施的关闭和对公众行动的限制,以及冠状病毒本身带来的风险。PARCS 混合方法研究测量了密苏里州圣路易斯市一个大型城市公园在当地 COVID-19 应急措施和限制之前、期间和之后的使用情况和看法。我们研究了 1,157 次公园使用情况直接观察评估、公园使用者在线调查(n=561)、主要利益相关者访谈(n=27)、四个焦点小组(n=30)和一项基于社区的参与式研究子研究(n=66)的数据,以全面描述 COVID-19 大流行对公园使用的影响。因冠状病毒而感到不安全的公园使用者减少使用公园的几率要高出 2.65。然而,在 COVID-19 应急措施期间(人数=5,023,759),公园的估计访问量是应急措施后(人数=2,277,496)的两倍。据参与者报告,在应急期间,他们使用公园进行体育活动、娱乐、亲近大自然和社交活动。与其他人相比,黑人、西班牙裔/拉丁美洲人和年轻人去公园的可能性较低,这表明大流行病对少数民族和社会经济条件较差的社区造成了额外的、不成比例的影响。这项研究强调了公园等公共场所作为健康资源的作用,以及在公共危机时期可以缓解城市健康不平等的场所。
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引用次数: 0
The U-shape Association between Population Agglomeration and Individual Depression: the Role of Dialect Diversity. 人口聚集与个人抑郁之间的 U 型关联:方言多样性的作用。
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00890-8
Jiatong Han, Kai Zhang, Han Lin, Le Chang, Juan Tu, Qiang Mai

Depression is a relevant mental illness affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. As urbanization accelerates, agglomeration of populations has altered individual social network distances and life crowding, which in turn affects depressive prevalence. However, the association between depression and population agglomeration (PA) remains controversial. This study aims to explore whether and how PA could influence individual depression. Based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2018, the empirical results showed that there was a U-shaped association between PA and individual CES-D scores. As PA increases, the risk of depression first decreases and then increases. CES-D was lowest at moderate aggregation. Dialect diversity (DD) was positively related to the incidence of individual depression. The higher the DD, the higher the risk of depression. Meanwhile, DD also played a moderating role in the association between PA and individual depression. Our observations suggest that the optimistic level of agglomeration for individual mental health is within 1500 to 2000 persons per square kilometer.

抑郁症是一种影响全球数亿人的相关精神疾病。随着城市化进程的加快,人口聚集改变了个人的社会网络距离和生活拥挤程度,进而影响了抑郁症的发病率。然而,抑郁症与人口聚集(PA)之间的关系仍存在争议。本研究旨在探讨人口聚集是否以及如何影响个体抑郁。基于2018年中国健康与退休纵向研究(CHARLS)的实证结果显示,PA与个体CES-D得分之间存在U型关联。随着PA的增加,抑郁风险先降后升。CES-D在中等聚合度时最低。方言多样性(DD)与个人抑郁发生率呈正相关。方言多样性越高,抑郁风险越高。同时,方言多样性在 PA 与个体抑郁之间的关系中也起着调节作用。我们的观察结果表明,个人心理健康的理想集聚水平是每平方公里 1500 到 2000 人。
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引用次数: 0
Still Separate, Still Not Equal: An Ecological Examination of Redlining and Racial Segregation with COVID-19 Vaccination Administration in Washington D.C. 仍然隔离,仍然不平等:通过 COVID-19 疫苗接种管理对华盛顿特区红线和种族隔离的生态学研究
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00862-y
Kristen M Brown, Jessica Lewis-Owona, Shawnita Sealy-Jefferson, Amanda Onwuka, Sharon K Davis

Racial residential segregation has been deemed a fundamental cause of health inequities. It is a result of historical and contemporary policies such as redlining that have created a geographic separation of races and corresponds with an inequitable distribution of health-promoting resources. Redlining and racial residential segregation may have contributed to racial inequities in COVID-19 vaccine administration in the early stages of public accessibility. We use data from the National Archives (historical redlining), Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (contemporary redlining), American Community Survey from 1940 (historical racial residential segregation) and 2015-2019 (contemporary racial residential segregation), and Washington D.C. government (COVID-19 vaccination administration) to assess the relationships between redlining, racial residential segregation, and COVID-19 vaccine administration during the early stages of vaccine distribution when a tiered system was in place due to limited supply. Pearson correlation was used to assess whether redlining and racial segregation, measured both historically and contemporarily, were correlated with each other in Washington D.C. Subsequently, linear regression was used to assess whether each of these measures associate with COVID-19 vaccine administration. In both historical and contemporary analyses, there was a positive correlation between redlining and racial residential segregation. Further, redlining and racial residential segregation were each positively associated with administration of the novel COVID-19 vaccine. This study highlights the ongoing ways in which redlining and segregation contribute to racial health inequities. Eliminating racial health inequities in American society requires addressing the root causes that affect access to health-promoting resources.

种族居住隔离被认为是健康不平等的根本原因。它是历史和当代政策的结果,如红线政策(redlining)造成了种族的地理隔离,并与促进健康的资源的不公平分配相对应。红线区划和种族居住隔离可能导致了 COVID-19 疫苗在早期公共可及性管理方面的种族不平等。我们利用国家档案馆(历史上的重新排序)、《住房抵押披露法案》(当代的重新排序)、1940 年美国社区调查(历史上的种族居住隔离)和 2015-2019 年美国社区调查(当代的种族居住隔离)以及华盛顿特区政府(COVID-19 疫苗接种管理)的数据来评估重新排序、种族居住隔离和 COVID-19 疫苗接种管理之间的关系,在疫苗分配的早期阶段,由于供应有限而实行了分级制度。使用皮尔逊相关性来评估华盛顿特区历史上和当代测量的红线和种族隔离是否相互关联。在历史和当代分析中,红线与种族居住隔离之间存在正相关。此外,红线和种族居住隔离均与接种新型 COVID-19 疫苗呈正相关。这项研究强调了红线区划和种族隔离导致种族健康不平等的持续方式。要消除美国社会中的种族健康不平等,就必须解决影响人们获得促进健康资源的根本原因。
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引用次数: 0
Individual and Interactive Effects of Housing and Neighborhood Quality on Mental Health in Hong Kong: A Retrospective Cohort Study. 香港住房和邻里质量对心理健康的个体和交互影响:回顾性队列研究
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00869-5
Corine Sau Man Wong, Wai Chi Chan, Natalie Wing Tung Chu, Wing Yan Law, Harriet Wing Yu Tang, Ting Yat Wong, Eric Yu Hai Chen, Linda Chiu Wa Lam

Existing literature has widely explored the individual roles of housing and neighborhood quality, and there is limited research examining their interactive effects on mental health. This 3-year cohort study utilized a longitudinal design to investigate the individual and interactive effects of housing and neighborhood quality on mental health among 962 community-dwelling adults in Hong Kong. Participants were asked to rate their residential qualities over the 3-year period. Mental health outcomes, including levels of psychological distress and common mental disorders (CMD), were assessed using the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R). Logistic regression and generalized linear models were used to examine the association between housing and neighborhood quality and CMD/psychological distress, adjusting for sociodemographic and residential characteristics and baseline mental disorders. Housing quality was associated with the 3-year CMD (adjusted OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.91 to 0.98). Likewise, neighborhood quality was associated with CMD over 3 years (adjusted OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.87 to 0.96). In a separate model including both quality measures, the effect of housing quality on CMD was attenuated, whereas the neighborhood impact remained significant (adjusted OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.87 to 0.98). Generalized linear models indicated that for participants residing in substandard housing, those with high neighborhood quality had lower CIS-R scores at follow-up compared to those with low neighborhood quality (p = 0.041). Better neighborhood quality alleviated the detrimental effects of poor housing quality on mental health. Planning for an enhanced neighborhood would improve population mental health in an urban environment.

现有文献广泛探讨了住房和邻里质量的个体作用,而研究它们对心理健康的交互影响的文献却很有限。这项为期 3 年的队列研究采用纵向设计,调查了香港 962 名居住在社区的成年人的住房和邻里质量对心理健康的个体和交互影响。研究人员要求受试者在 3 年内对其居住环境质量进行评分。心理健康结果,包括心理困扰程度和常见精神障碍(CMD),采用修订版临床访谈表(CIS-R)进行评估。采用逻辑回归和广义线性模型来研究住房和邻里质量与 CMD/心理困扰之间的关系,并对社会人口学特征、居住特征和基线精神障碍进行调整。住房质量与 3 年 CMD 相关(调整后 OR 为 0.95;95% CI 为 0.91 至 0.98)。同样,社区质量也与 3 年的 CMD 相关(调整 OR 0.92;95% CI 0.87 至 0.96)。在一个包括两种质量测量指标的单独模型中,住房质量对慢性阻塞性肺病的影响有所减弱,而邻里关系的影响仍然显著(调整后 OR 0.92;95% CI 0.87 至 0.98)。广义线性模型显示,对于居住在不达标住房中的参与者来说,与居住区质量低的参与者相比,居住区质量高的参与者在随访时的 CIS-R 得分较低(p = 0.041)。较高的社区质量减轻了低质量住房对心理健康的不利影响。为改善社区环境而进行的规划将改善城市环境中居民的心理健康。
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Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine
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