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Beyond Control: Short-Term Legacy Effects of Invasive Nonnative Trees May Halt Biodiversity Recovery 失控:外来入侵树木的短期遗留效应可能会阻碍生物多样性的恢复
IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70110
Eduardo Fuentes-Lillo, Rafael A. García, Jonas J. Lembrechts, Aníbal Pauchard

Questions

Invasive nonnative trees can induce substantial and long-lasting changes in ecosystem structure and environmental conditions. Although numerous management efforts have removed invasive trees, the outcomes have been highly variable, and it remains uncertain whether such interventions are sufficient to restore biodiversity and microclimate. These differences often depend on the invasive species involved and the characteristics of the invaded ecosystem. Here, we evaluate whether the removal of Pinus contorta promotes short-term recovery of microclimate and plant diversity in two contrasting Patagonian vegetation types.

Location

Southern Chile, in Araucaria araucana forests (−38° S) and Patagonian steppe (−45° S).

Methods

We established paired invaded and removal plots along invasion gradients at both sites. Environmental variables (soil and air temperature, moisture, light, canopy cover, litter) and plant diversity were monitored for 2 years before and after mechanical removal of P. contorta. We used linear (LMM) and generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to test for recovery versus persistent legacy effects.

Results

Removal reduced pine litter and canopy cover, partially restoring microclimatic conditions moderating temperature extremes (i.e., increasing minimum temperatures and lowering maximum temperatures) and increasing soil moisture and light availability. However, native plant richness and abundance showed no signs of recovery, whereas nonnative species significantly increased in the Patagonian steppe.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that, despite improvements in physical conditions, legacy effects of P. contorta invasion strongly constrain biodiversity recovery in both ecosystems. Effective management of invasive conifers must therefore move beyond tree removal to include complementary restoration actions that address persistent abiotic and biotic legacies.

外来入侵树木可以引起生态系统结构和环境条件的实质性和长期变化。尽管许多管理努力已经清除了入侵树木,但结果变化很大,并且仍然不确定这些干预措施是否足以恢复生物多样性和小气候。这些差异往往取决于所涉及的入侵物种和被入侵生态系统的特征。在这里,我们评估了在两种不同的巴塔哥尼亚植被类型中,去除扭曲松是否会促进小气候和植物多样性的短期恢复。地理位置智利南部,分布于Araucaria araucana森林(- 38°S)和巴塔哥尼亚草原(- 45°S)。方法在两个地点沿入侵梯度建立成对入侵和移除样地。在机械去除白杨前后,对环境变量(土壤和空气温度、湿度、光照、冠层覆盖度、凋落物)和植物多样性进行了2年的监测。我们使用线性(LMM)和广义线性混合模型(GLMM)来测试恢复与持续遗留效应。结果砍伐减少了松树凋落物和冠层盖度,部分恢复了小气候条件,缓和了极端温度(即提高最低温度和降低最高温度),增加了土壤水分和光效。然而,本地植物的丰富度和丰度没有恢复的迹象,而非本地物种在巴塔哥尼亚草原显著增加。结论尽管柽柳入侵的自然条件有所改善,但其遗留效应强烈地限制了这两个生态系统的生物多样性恢复。因此,入侵针叶树的有效管理必须超越树木移除,包括解决持续的非生物和生物遗产的补充恢复行动。
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引用次数: 0
Greater Thermophilisation in Communities of Juveniles Than Adults in Temperate European Forests 欧洲温带森林中幼鱼群落的嗜热性高于成鱼群落
IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70111
Maria Mercedes Caron, Pieter Vangansbeke, Florian Zellweger, Kris Verheyen, Lander Baeten, Radim Hédl, Markus Bernhardt-Römermann, Imre Berki, Jörg Brunet, Guillaume Decocq, Sandra Díaz, Thomas Dirnböck, Tomasz Durak, Thilo Heinken, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Martin Kopecký, Jonathan Lenoir, Martin Macek, Marek Malicki, František Máliš, Thomas A. Nagel, Petr Petřík, Kamila Reczyńska, Remigiusz Pielech, Wolfgang Schmidt, Krzysztof Świerkosz, Balázs Teleki, Monika Wulf, Naaf Tobias, Francisco Rodríguez-Sánchez, Donald Waller, Pieter De Frenne

Aim

Warming of the climate system is increasing the dominance of warm-adapted species, a process referred to as thermophilisation. In forests, adult trees in the forest canopy experience warmer daytime summer conditions than juveniles in the understorey, but they are less susceptible to warming. These differences can result in differing thermophilisation rates between adults and juveniles. Here, we quantify for the first time the long-term thermophilisation of tree species in temperate European forests, comparing adults with juveniles.

Location

Europe.

Methods

We calculated the thermophilisation of adults and juveniles of forest tree species using layer-specific climatic data, species cover and occurrence data from 2202 resurveyed vegetation plots recorded twice between 1933 and 2017 and located across 12 European countries. We inferred species' thermal profiles from species distribution maps matched to gridded open-air temperature (proxy for above-canopy macroclimate) for adults and to below-canopy microclimate temperature for juveniles.

Results

The thermophilisation rate in the juvenile layer was seven times higher than in the adult tree layer. The thermophilisation rates of both adults and juveniles were primarily driven by gains in relatively warm-adapted species and a concurrent, but less strong, decrease in cold-adapted species.

Conclusion

The compositional change in favour of more warm-adapted species was mainly driven by gains in warm-adapted species. The magnitude of these responses and the influencing variables were different in the community of adults and juveniles. These results underpin the importance of separately quantifying the responses of individuals throughout their life cycle to improve our ability to understand the impacts of environmental change on forest biodiversity and composition and apply targeted management actions.

气候系统的变暖增加了适应温暖的物种的优势,这一过程被称为嗜热作用。在森林中,树冠层的成年树比下层的幼树经历更温暖的白天夏季环境,但它们对变暖的影响较小。这些差异会导致成虫和幼虫的嗜热率不同。在这里,我们首次量化了温带欧洲森林中树种的长期嗜热性,比较了成树和幼树。位置 欧洲。研究人员利用1933年至2017年期间在12个欧洲国家两次重新记录的2202个植被样地的分层气候数据、物种覆盖和发生数据,计算了森林树种的成虫和幼虫的热干性。我们从物种分布图中推断出物种的热剖面,这些分布图与成虫的网格露天温度(代表冠层上的宏观气候)和幼虫的冠层下小气候温度相匹配。结果幼树层的干热率是成树层的7倍。成虫和幼虫的嗜热率主要是由相对温暖适应物种的增加和冷适应物种的同时但不那么强烈的减少所驱动的。结论植物的组成变化主要是由暖适应物种的增加所驱动的。这些反应的强度和影响变量在成虫和幼虫群落中存在差异。这些结果表明,单独量化个体在其整个生命周期中的反应对于提高我们了解环境变化对森林生物多样性和组成的影响并采取有针对性的管理行动的能力非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Moderate Seasonal Grazing During the Seed-Set Stage Is Detrimental to Seed Rain and the Soil Seed Bank in an Alpine Meadow 结实期季节性适度放牧对高寒草甸种子雨和土壤种子库有不利影响
IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70114
Shu-Lin Wang, Fu-Jiang Hou
<div> <section> <h3> Aims</h3> <p>Seed rain and the soil seed bank are essential resources for the reproduction and regeneration of grassland vegetation. However, the effects of seasonal rotational grazing—the most common type of grassland management/utilization worldwide—on the regulatory mechanisms of the structure and composition of seed rain and soil seed banks and their relationship with aboveground vegetation are still unclear.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>We conducted a 3-year (2020–2022) study of yak seasonal rotational grazing in an alpine meadow on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We investigated the characteristics of temporal (different years) and spatial (different seasonal pastures) variations in species richness and density of the aboveground vegetation, seed rain, and transient soil seed bank. The similarities between seed rain and soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation composition were also compared.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>We found that seasonal rotational grazing significantly impacted the renewal of the aboveground vegetation, seed rain, and the density of the soil seed bank of the alpine meadow. During the warm season (seed-setting period, mid-June to late July), livestock grazing reduced both the richness and density of seed rain species and interrupted its supplementation of the soil seed bank and thus was detrimental to seed reproduction and renewal of alpine-meadow plants. Within the warm-season paddocks, prolongation of the grazing utilization time gradually decreased the density of the upper-layer (0–5 cm) transient seed bank, whereas the density of aboveground vegetation gradually increased. Moreover, grazing led to significant differentiation between the composition of aboveground vegetation and seed rain/soil seed bank, resulting in low similarity between those three categories.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>Warm-season grazing is a potential driving force for the shift in aboveground vegetation reproduction mode from sexual (i.e., seeds) to vegetative in alpine meadows. We recommend excluding grazing during the seed-set stage, allowing grazing during the seed maturation period (mid-August to late September), and implementing appropriate rotational grazing among seasonal paddocks as part of an effective management strategy for alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.</p> </section>
目的种子雨和土壤种子库是草地植被繁殖和更新的重要资源。然而,季节性轮牧作为全球最常见的草地管理/利用方式,对种子雨和土壤种子库结构组成的调控机制及其与地上植被的关系的影响尚不清楚。在青藏高原东北部某高寒草甸对牦牛进行了为期3年(2020-2022)的季节性轮牧研究。方法研究了不同年份和不同季节牧草地上植被物种丰富度和密度、种子雨和瞬态土壤种子库的时空变化特征。比较了种子雨与土壤种子库、地上植被组成的相似性。结果季节性轮牧对高寒草甸地上植被更新、种子雨和土壤种子库密度有显著影响。在暖季(6月中旬至7月下旬),放牧降低了种子雨物种的丰富度和密度,中断了其对土壤种子库的补充,不利于高寒草甸植物的种子繁殖和更新。在暖季围场内,随着放牧利用时间的延长,上层(0 ~ 5 cm)瞬态种子库密度逐渐降低,地上植被密度逐渐增加。放牧导致地上植被和种子雨/土壤种子库组成差异显著,相似度较低。结论暖季放牧是高寒草甸地上植被由有性繁殖(即种子繁殖)向营养繁殖模式转变的潜在驱动力。我们建议在种子结实期不放牧,在种子成熟期(8月中旬至9月下旬)允许放牧,并在季节性围场中实施适当的轮牧,作为青藏高原高寒草甸有效管理策略的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
Intraspecific Functional Trait Responses to Experimental Warming Vary With Precipitation and Growth Form 种内功能性状对实验升温的响应随降水和生长形态的变化而变化
IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70098
Joshua Erkelenz, Sonya R. Geange, Joe Atkinson, Emil Anderson, Marta Correia, Sam J. Ahler, Pia Bradler, Cora E. Löwenstein, Alexander Elsy, Celesté Maré, Susan Eshelman, Dickson Mauki, Coskun Guclu, Julia Eckberg, Brian Maitner, Ragnhild Gya, Joachim Töpper, Kari Klanderud, Brian J. Enquist, Sean T. Michaletz, Courtenay A. Ray, Jonathan von Oppen, Josep Padullés Cubino, Aud H. Halbritter, Vigdis Vandvik

Aims

Rising ambient air temperatures may have adverse effects on alpine plant communities. To avoid extinction and to mitigate the demographic impacts of climate warming, migration and the ability to adapt become increasingly important. Experimental studies that simulate warming help test the extent and direction of functional adaptation. We ask: (1) To what extent does experimental warming drive intraspecific trait shifts in alpine species? (2) Do these trait responses vary across a precipitation gradient? (3) Do responses vary between forbs and graminoids?

Location

Alpine grasslands along a precipitation gradient in south-western Norway.

Methods

At three alpine sites spanning 1315–3601 mm of annual precipitation, we measured 10 plant functional traits across 17 species of graminoids, perennial forbs and dwarf shrubs. We compared the traits of plants in open-top warming chambers with those under ambient temperature conditions. Effect sizes were estimated using Cohen's d and analysed with respect to precipitation regimes and growth form.

Results

Plant height generally increased in response to warming across all sites for both growth forms. For other traits, warming effects were context-dependent and varied among species. At the medium precipitation site, plants showed shifts toward more conservative resource-use strategies in response to warming, characterised by increased leaf area and leaf dry matter content, along with reduced species leaf area and leaf nitrogen concentration. The enrichment in heavier nitrogen and carbon isotopes with warming is consistent with the expectation that warming selects for individuals with high water-use efficiency. Forbs generally exhibited stronger but more variable responses to warming than graminoids.

Conclusion

Warming induces trait shifts in alpine species, but responses depend on local conditions and growth form. Predicting alpine community responses to climate change requires trait-based approaches and research designs that allow assessing and exploring patterns in both taxonomic and environmental context dependencies.

目的环境气温升高可能对高山植物群落产生不利影响。为了避免灭绝和减轻气候变暖对人口的影响,移徙和适应能力变得越来越重要。模拟变暖的实验研究有助于测试功能适应的程度和方向。我们的问题是:(1)实验变暖在多大程度上驱动了高山物种的种内性状变化?(2)这些性状反应是否随降水梯度而变化?(3) forbs和graminoids的反应是否不同?位置:挪威西南部沿降水梯度的高山草原。方法在年降水量1315 ~ 3601 mm的3个高寒样地,测定了17种禾本科、多年生草本和矮灌木的10个植物功能性状。我们比较了开顶加热室和环境温度条件下植物的性状。使用Cohen's d估计效应大小,并根据降水制度和生长形式进行分析。结果两种生长方式的株高均随气候变暖而增加。对于其他性状,变暖效应依赖于环境,并因物种而异。在中降水站点,植物对气候变暖的响应表现为叶面积和干物质含量增加,物种叶面积和氮浓度减少,资源利用策略向更为保守的方向转变。随着气候变暖,重氮和重碳同位素的富集与气候变暖对水利用效率高的个体的选择预期相一致。禾本科植物对变暖的响应比禾本科植物更强,但变化更大。结论气候变暖导致了高山物种的性状变化,但这种变化取决于当地条件和生长形式。预测高山群落对气候变化的响应需要基于特征的方法和研究设计,允许评估和探索分类和环境背景依赖的模式。
{"title":"Intraspecific Functional Trait Responses to Experimental Warming Vary With Precipitation and Growth Form","authors":"Joshua Erkelenz,&nbsp;Sonya R. Geange,&nbsp;Joe Atkinson,&nbsp;Emil Anderson,&nbsp;Marta Correia,&nbsp;Sam J. Ahler,&nbsp;Pia Bradler,&nbsp;Cora E. Löwenstein,&nbsp;Alexander Elsy,&nbsp;Celesté Maré,&nbsp;Susan Eshelman,&nbsp;Dickson Mauki,&nbsp;Coskun Guclu,&nbsp;Julia Eckberg,&nbsp;Brian Maitner,&nbsp;Ragnhild Gya,&nbsp;Joachim Töpper,&nbsp;Kari Klanderud,&nbsp;Brian J. Enquist,&nbsp;Sean T. Michaletz,&nbsp;Courtenay A. Ray,&nbsp;Jonathan von Oppen,&nbsp;Josep Padullés Cubino,&nbsp;Aud H. Halbritter,&nbsp;Vigdis Vandvik","doi":"10.1111/jvs.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rising ambient air temperatures may have adverse effects on alpine plant communities. To avoid extinction and to mitigate the demographic impacts of climate warming, migration and the ability to adapt become increasingly important. Experimental studies that simulate warming help test the extent and direction of functional adaptation. We ask: (1) To what extent does experimental warming drive intraspecific trait shifts in alpine species? (2) Do these trait responses vary across a precipitation gradient? (3) Do responses vary between forbs and graminoids?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alpine grasslands along a precipitation gradient in south-western Norway.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At three alpine sites spanning 1315–3601 mm of annual precipitation, we measured 10 plant functional traits across 17 species of graminoids, perennial forbs and dwarf shrubs. We compared the traits of plants in open-top warming chambers with those under ambient temperature conditions. Effect sizes were estimated using Cohen's <i>d</i> and analysed with respect to precipitation regimes and growth form.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plant height generally increased in response to warming across all sites for both growth forms. For other traits, warming effects were context-dependent and varied among species. At the medium precipitation site, plants showed shifts toward more conservative resource-use strategies in response to warming, characterised by increased leaf area and leaf dry matter content, along with reduced species leaf area and leaf nitrogen concentration. The enrichment in heavier nitrogen and carbon isotopes with warming is consistent with the expectation that warming selects for individuals with high water-use efficiency. Forbs generally exhibited stronger but more variable responses to warming than graminoids.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Warming induces trait shifts in alpine species, but responses depend on local conditions and growth form. Predicting alpine community responses to climate change requires trait-based approaches and research designs that allow assessing and exploring patterns in both taxonomic and environmental context dependencies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"36 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145905252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Soil and Plant Nutrients Are Maintained—and Can Be Enhanced—by Long-Term Frequent Fire in an Afromontane Grassland 在非洲山地草原上,长期频繁的火灾可以维持并增强土壤和植物的营养
IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-28 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70102
Nicola J. Findlay, Alan Manson, Guy Thibaud, Paul Gordijn, Sphesihle Mkhungo, Max Rietkerk, Martin J. Wassen, Mariska te Beest

Questions

Fire is a key ecological and evolutionary force in many grassy biomes, including the Afromontane region of South Africa, where it supports critical ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling. Anthropogenic activities are expected to alter fire regimes, with consequences for grassland nutrient dynamics and, by extension, species composition and productivity. We asked how long-term variation in fire frequency and season of burn influences nutrient concentrations in soils and plant communities, and whether responses differ among plant functional types.

Location

uKhahlamba-Drakensberg montane grasslands, South Africa.

Methods

We assessed the effects of fire frequency and season on soil and plant nutrient dynamics using a subset of five treatments from a 40-year burning trial. Soil samples were collected to 15 cm depth and composited per plot for analysis of total carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Aboveground biomass was harvested from four quadrats per plot and living material analysed by functional type for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Results

Annual burning significantly affected soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations; however, frequent fire did not lead to long-term nutrient depletion. Plant nutrient concentrations were generally not correlated with soil nutrient levels and were largely insensitive to fire regime. Grasses displayed a modest positive nutrient response to frequent burning, while forbs showed no response.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that these montane grasslands are resilient within a range of fire regimes, maintaining nutrient stocks and functional integrity even under frequent burning. These results challenge the assumption that repeated fire necessarily depletes soil nutrients and highlights the importance of long-term experiments in understanding ecosystem responses to fire.

在包括南非非洲山区在内的许多草地生物群落中,火是一种关键的生态和进化力量,它支持营养循环等关键生态系统过程。预计人为活动将改变火情,对草地养分动态产生影响,进而影响物种组成和生产力。我们询问火灾频率和燃烧季节的长期变化如何影响土壤和植物群落的养分浓度,以及植物功能类型之间的反应是否不同。地点:uKhahlamba-Drakensberg山地草原,南非。方法通过40年的燃烧试验,评估了火灾频率和季节对土壤和植物养分动态的影响。土壤取样至15cm深度,按样地复合,分析全碳、全氮、全磷、全钾。地上生物量每样地采4个样方,按氮、磷、钾的功能类型对活性物质进行分析。结果焚烧对土壤碳、氮、磷、钾含量影响显著;然而,频繁的火灾并没有导致长期的养分消耗。植物养分浓度一般与土壤养分水平不相关,对火情不敏感。牧草对频繁燃烧表现出适度的正营养反应,而牧草则没有反应。我们的研究结果表明,这些山地草原在一系列火灾制度下具有弹性,即使在频繁燃烧的情况下也能保持养分储量和功能完整性。这些结果挑战了反复火灾必然消耗土壤养分的假设,并强调了长期实验对理解生态系统对火灾的反应的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Species Occurrence in Successional Series as Field-Based Indicators of Their Disturbance Niche 演替序列中物种发生作为干扰生态位的野外指标
IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70104
Tomáš Herben, Karel Prach

Questions

In the traditional view, the niche of plant species is mainly determined by climatic and edaphic factors. However, this view loses sight of the fact that plant species must be successful in a landscape which comprises a set of habitats of different successional ages and disturbance regimes. Quantitative circumscription of the species disturbance niche has been based either on expert assessment or on data from successional series. Here, we determine to what extent these measures are correlated and linked to species traits expected to be associated with disturbance niche.

Location

The Czech Republic.

Methods

We assembled a species-level data set (812 species) consisting of measures of their disturbance niche based on the expert assessment of disturbance regime of their habitats, from vegetation structure data and from direct observational data on their occurrence in successional series.

Results

The results show that the species disturbance niche is defined by two key species-specific parameters, namely the frequency of disturbance and its severity, and the colonization ability. Each of these is associated with different functional traits of the species. While frequency and severity are mainly related to species lifespan (annuals vs. perennials), and clonal growth type, colonization ability is mainly related to anemochory, seed bank duration, and plant height.

Conclusions

The expert assessment of species disturbance niche and species participation in the successional series are well correlated and their combination provides fuller circumscription of species position along disturbance gradients in the field. While successional series provide reasonable hard data on species response to severe disturbance, we still lack similar quality data on species response to mild and frequent disturbance.

传统观点认为,植物物种的生态位主要由气候和土壤因素决定。然而,这种观点忽视了这样一个事实,即植物物种必须在由一系列不同演替年龄和干扰制度的栖息地组成的景观中成功生存。物种干扰生态位的定量界定要么基于专家评估,要么基于连续序列数据。在这里,我们确定在何种程度上这些措施是相关的,并与物种性状预计与干扰生态位相关。地理位置捷克共和国。方法收集了812个物种的数据集,包括基于生境干扰状况的专家评估、植被结构数据和连续序列的直接观测数据的干扰生态位测量。结果物种干扰生态位由干扰频率、干扰程度和定殖能力这两个物种特有的关键参数来定义。每一种都与物种的不同功能特征有关。定植频率和严重程度主要与物种寿命(一年生与多年生)和克隆生长类型有关,而定植能力主要与风速、种子库存续期和株高有关。结论物种干扰生态位的专家评价与物种参与演替序列具有良好的相关性,两者结合可以更全面地限定野外物种在扰动梯度上的位置。虽然连续序列提供了物种对严重干扰响应的合理硬数据,但我们仍然缺乏物种对轻度和频繁干扰响应的类似质量数据。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing Climate–Wildfire Effects on Alaskan Boreal Forest Using Ground-Truth Surveys and NASA Airborne Remote Sensing 利用地面实况调查和NASA航空遥感评估气候野火对阿拉斯加北方森林的影响
IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70103
Diane Christine Huebner, Christopher S. Potter, Olivia Alexander

Aim

Alaska's boreal forest is experiencing increasingly severe fires, droughts, and pest attacks that may destabilize carbon sequestration. Our aim was to understand boreal forest resilience to changing wildfire regimes using remote-sensed datasets validated with ground-truthing (GT).

Location

Five recently burned boreal forest sites (2010–2019) near Fairbanks, Alaska.

Methods

We used four AVIRIS-NG hyperspectral image datasets (425 spectral bands at 5-nm intervals; 3.5 × 43 km average swath) imaged by NASA in 2017–2018 during the Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE). Spectral analysis included fire fuel loads and random forest (RF) models constructed from key bands to describe common pre- and postburned vegetation classes. Models were validated with 89 GT plots inside the AVIRIS scenes. GT included tree stem densities, understory cover, soil characteristics, radial growth of 51 spruce trees from cores, and visual damage assays of 668 conifers and deciduous trees.

Results

Spectral evidence of high fuel loads in 2017 pre-dated a 2019 wildfire. Post-GT local models described vegetation more accurately than pre-GT, but accuracy decreased when spectral rulesets were broadened to increase overall classification. Soil temperature, basal area, slope, elevation, and tree density varied widely; thaw depth, soil moisture, moss cover, and canopy height varied mainly by vegetation class. Invasive species and thermokarst were insignificant. Deciduous seedlings were abundant in postburned sites; however, conifer seedling densities were similar to unburned forest. Upland spruce radial growth showed earlier drought sensitivity than lowland spruce.

Conclusion

Spectral analysis revealed fire vulnerability in some areas; however, local and temporal spectral variation presented challenges to accurately classify vegetation in AVIRIS scenes. GT suggests that recovering forests near Fairbanks may lack sufficient conifer recruitment to replace existing stands. Sites with stable seasonal thaw may offset drought stress under global warming.

阿拉斯加的北方森林正在经历越来越严重的火灾、干旱和害虫袭击,这些可能会破坏碳封存。我们的目的是利用经过地面真实(GT)验证的遥感数据集了解北方森林对变化的野火状态的恢复能力。阿拉斯加州费尔班克斯附近的五个最近被烧毁的北方森林遗址(2010-2019)。方法利用NASA在2017-2018年北极-北方脆弱性实验期间拍摄的4个AVIRIS-NG高光谱图像数据集(425个光谱波段,5 nm间隔;3.5 × 43 km平均条长)(上图)。光谱分析包括火灾燃料负荷和随机森林(RF)模型,这些模型是由描述常见的燃烧前和燃烧后植被类别的关键波段构建的。模型在AVIRIS场景中使用89个GT图进行验证。GT包括51棵云杉树的树干密度、林下覆盖度、土壤特征、径向生长,以及668棵针叶树和落叶树的视觉损伤分析。2017年高燃料负荷的光谱证据早于2019年的野火。gt后的局部模型比gt前的模型更准确地描述了植被,但当光谱规则集被扩大以增加整体分类时,精度下降。土壤温度、基面积、坡度、高程和树木密度变化很大;解冻深度、土壤湿度、苔藓盖度和冠层高度主要因植被类型而异。入侵物种和热岩溶不明显。烧后地点落叶苗丰富;然而,针叶林的幼苗密度与未烧毁的森林相似。旱地云杉径向生长表现出较早的干旱敏感性。结论光谱分析显示部分地区存在火灾易损性;然而,局部和时间光谱的变化给在AVIRIS场景中准确分类植被带来了挑战。GT认为,恢复费尔班克斯附近的森林可能缺乏足够的针叶树来取代现有的林分。在全球变暖的情况下,季节性融雪稳定的地点可以抵消干旱压力。
{"title":"Assessing Climate–Wildfire Effects on Alaskan Boreal Forest Using Ground-Truth Surveys and NASA Airborne Remote Sensing","authors":"Diane Christine Huebner,&nbsp;Christopher S. Potter,&nbsp;Olivia Alexander","doi":"10.1111/jvs.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alaska's boreal forest is experiencing increasingly severe fires, droughts, and pest attacks that may destabilize carbon sequestration. Our aim was to understand boreal forest resilience to changing wildfire regimes using remote-sensed datasets validated with ground-truthing (GT).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five recently burned boreal forest sites (2010–2019) near Fairbanks, Alaska.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used four AVIRIS-NG hyperspectral image datasets (425 spectral bands at 5-nm intervals; 3.5 × 43 km average swath) imaged by NASA in 2017–2018 during the Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE). Spectral analysis included fire fuel loads and random forest (RF) models constructed from key bands to describe common pre- and postburned vegetation classes. Models were validated with 89 GT plots inside the AVIRIS scenes. GT included tree stem densities, understory cover, soil characteristics, radial growth of 51 spruce trees from cores, and visual damage assays of 668 conifers and deciduous trees.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Spectral evidence of high fuel loads in 2017 pre-dated a 2019 wildfire. Post-GT local models described vegetation more accurately than pre-GT, but accuracy decreased when spectral rulesets were broadened to increase overall classification. Soil temperature, basal area, slope, elevation, and tree density varied widely; thaw depth, soil moisture, moss cover, and canopy height varied mainly by vegetation class. Invasive species and thermokarst were insignificant. Deciduous seedlings were abundant in postburned sites; however, conifer seedling densities were similar to unburned forest. Upland spruce radial growth showed earlier drought sensitivity than lowland spruce.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Spectral analysis revealed fire vulnerability in some areas; however, local and temporal spectral variation presented challenges to accurately classify vegetation in AVIRIS scenes. GT suggests that recovering forests near Fairbanks may lack sufficient conifer recruitment to replace existing stands. Sites with stable seasonal thaw may offset drought stress under global warming.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"36 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145845994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mixed Stands of Two Non-Native Tree Species Do Not Enhance the Understory Vegetation Biomass and Diversity in a Coastal Temperate Forest 两种非本地树种混交林对海岸带温带森林林下植被生物量和多样性的影响
IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70101
Jinming Yang, Nawatbhrist Kitudom, Ruxiao Wei, Ao Liu, Wei Xue, Jing Li, Huicui Lu, Felipe Bravo

Questions

Understory vegetation is an indispensable part of the forest ecosystem. Yet, the impacts of tree species mixing on understory biomass, diversity, soil carbon, and nitrogen content and their associations remain understudied in coastal shelterbelt forests.

Location

Temperate forest plantations in eastern China.

Methods

Based on the 36 field sample plots of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii)–black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) mixtures and their respective Japanese black pine and black locust monocultures, this study analyzed the effects of tree mixture on the understory biomass and its diversity, as well as soil carbon and nitrogen.

Results

Species mixture had no significant effect on understory biomass, with herbaceous plants producing greater biomass than shrubs and seedlings. The Pielou index of shrubs was significantly higher in locust monocultures than in pine–locust mixtures and pine monocultures, whereas no significant difference was detected in herbaceous and seedling diversity across stand types. Both soil nitrogen and carbon contents were enhanced in pine–locust mixtures compared to pine monocultures, but lower than in locust monocultures. Shrub biomass was positively correlated with stand age, while shrub diversity showed associations with bulk density and stand type. Lastly, no significant differences were observed in plant functional groups between mixed and monospecific stands.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that establishing two non-native P. thunbergii and R. pseudoacacia mixed-species plantations does not necessarily enhance the biomass and diversity of understory vegetation, but alleviates soil nutrient limitations of black pine monocultures which occupy a large proportion of forest areas in this region.

林下植被是森林生态系统不可缺少的组成部分。然而,在沿海防护林中,树种混合对林下生物量、多样性、土壤碳氮含量及其相关性的影响仍未得到充分研究。地理位置:中国东部温带森林人工林。方法以36个大田样地为研究对象,分析了日本黑松(Pinus thunbergii)与刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)混交林及其单株日本黑松和刺槐混交林对林下生物量、多样性以及土壤碳氮的影响。结果物种混合对林下生物量影响不显著,草本植物生物量高于灌木和幼苗。刺槐单一栽培灌木的Pielou指数显著高于松槐混交林和松槐单一栽培,而不同林分类型的草本和幼苗多样性差异不显著。松槐混交林土壤氮和碳含量均高于松槐混交林,但低于刺槐混交林。灌木生物量与林龄呈正相关,而灌木多样性与容重和林分类型呈正相关。混合林分和单种林分的植物功能群差异不显著。结论建立非本地黑松和刺槐两种混交林并不一定能提高林下植被的生物量和多样性,但能缓解占林地面积较大的单一黑松的土壤养分限制。
{"title":"Mixed Stands of Two Non-Native Tree Species Do Not Enhance the Understory Vegetation Biomass and Diversity in a Coastal Temperate Forest","authors":"Jinming Yang,&nbsp;Nawatbhrist Kitudom,&nbsp;Ruxiao Wei,&nbsp;Ao Liu,&nbsp;Wei Xue,&nbsp;Jing Li,&nbsp;Huicui Lu,&nbsp;Felipe Bravo","doi":"10.1111/jvs.70101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70101","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understory vegetation is an indispensable part of the forest ecosystem. Yet, the impacts of tree species mixing on understory biomass, diversity, soil carbon, and nitrogen content and their associations remain understudied in coastal shelterbelt forests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Temperate forest plantations in eastern China.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on the 36 field sample plots of Japanese black pine (<i>Pinus thunbergii</i>)–black locust (<i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i>) mixtures and their respective Japanese black pine and black locust monocultures, this study analyzed the effects of tree mixture on the understory biomass and its diversity, as well as soil carbon and nitrogen.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Species mixture had no significant effect on understory biomass, with herbaceous plants producing greater biomass than shrubs and seedlings. The Pielou index of shrubs was significantly higher in locust monocultures than in pine–locust mixtures and pine monocultures, whereas no significant difference was detected in herbaceous and seedling diversity across stand types. Both soil nitrogen and carbon contents were enhanced in pine–locust mixtures compared to pine monocultures, but lower than in locust monocultures. Shrub biomass was positively correlated with stand age, while shrub diversity showed associations with bulk density and stand type. Lastly, no significant differences were observed in plant functional groups between mixed and monospecific stands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study demonstrates that establishing two non-native <i>P. thunbergii</i> and <i>R. pseudoacacia</i> mixed-species plantations does not necessarily enhance the biomass and diversity of understory vegetation, but alleviates soil nutrient limitations of black pine monocultures which occupy a large proportion of forest areas in this region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"36 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145825193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Remote Sensing of Phenological Patterns Across Vegetation Types in Mediterranean Chile 智利地中海植被类型物候模式的遥感研究
IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70105
Tomás Quiñones, Marcelo D. Miranda, Pablo Becerra, Francisco J. Meza

Question

Land surface phenology is a key indicator for monitoring the effects of climate change on vegetation, notably droughts and heatwaves. This research characterizes phenological patterns within Mediterranean-type ecosystems in Chile, highlighting their strong associations with vegetation growth forms and dominant species composition.

Location

The study is conducted in Mediterranean-type ecosystems located in central Chile.

Methods

We used remote sensing phenological data derived from MODIS vegetation index time series and applied unsupervised machine learning clustering algorithms to identify ecosystem functional types (EFTs) within the Mediterranean-type ecosystem in Chile. Ordination analyses were employed and indicator species were identified to elucidate the relationships between EFTs, vegetation growth forms, and species composition, using land cover maps and vegetation cadastre data.

Results

We identified nine distinct EFTs that exhibited a strong correlation with vegetation growth forms and composition diversity across the study region. Southern forests, primarily dominated by deciduous tree communities of the Nothofagus genus, displayed the highest productivity values and a delayed productivity season. Meanwhile, early-season onset was observed in areas with sclerophyll-type species like Quillaja saponaria, Cryptocarya alba, and Lithraea caustica. Xerophytic shrub communities, composed of Trevoa trinervis, Colliguaja odorifera, and Baccharis spp., exhibited high variation and early-season onset. These findings contribute to reporting changes within different conservation units present in the study area.

Conclusion

Evaluating greenness-based vegetation phenology provides insights into vegetation growth forms as well as richness and abundance of dominant species. Remote sensing and modern algorithms enable high-resolution monitoring of greenness variability, supporting effective management in a rapidly changing environment. This integrated approach uncovers links among ecosystem attributes and offers a valuable tool to assess environmental impacts, thereby guiding conservation and management decisions.

地表物候是监测气候变化对植被,特别是干旱和热浪影响的关键指标。本研究描述了智利地中海型生态系统的物候模式,强调了它们与植被生长形式和优势物种组成的强烈关联。该研究在位于智利中部的地中海型生态系统中进行。方法利用MODIS植被指数时序的遥感物候数据,应用无监督机器学习聚类算法识别智利地中海型生态系统的生态系统功能类型(eft)。利用土地覆被图和植被地籍资料,采用排序分析方法,确定指示物种,阐明eft与植被生长形式和物种组成之间的关系。结果我们发现了9种不同的eft,它们与整个研究区域的植被生长形式和组成多样性表现出很强的相关性。南方森林以落叶乔木群落为主,生产力值最高,生产力季节较晚。与此同时,在硬叶型植物如皂荚(Quillaja saponaria)、白隐果(Cryptocarya alba)和白石(Lithraea caustica)生长的地区,出现季早。旱生灌木群落表现出高变异性和早季性。这些发现有助于报告研究区域内不同保护单元的变化。结论基于绿度的植被物候评价有助于了解植被的生长形式以及优势种的丰富度和丰度。遥感和现代算法实现了对绿化率变化的高分辨率监测,支持在快速变化的环境中进行有效管理。这种综合方法揭示了生态系统属性之间的联系,并提供了评估环境影响的宝贵工具,从而指导保护和管理决策。
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引用次数: 0
Traits Explain Changes in Sphagnum Moss Composition Under Experimental Warming in a Boreal Peatland 北方泥炭地实验增温条件下泥炭藓组成变化的性状解释
IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70100
Samantha Hopkins, Zoë Lindo

Aims

Given the central role of Sphagnum in peatland function and stability, this study examined how 7 years of experimental field warming affects peatland plant community composition and to understand how productivity-related traits, specifically traits linked to moisture acquisition strategies, drive changes in community composition.

Location

Nutrient-poor Boreal fen near White River, Ontario, Canada.

Methods

We analyzed the percent cover of vascular and nonvascular plants following 7 years of experimental warming and quantified Sphagnum traits for three dominant Sphagnum species in control and experimentally warmed plots.

Results

Shifts in the peatland plant community following experimental warming were driven solely by changes in the abundance of Sphagnum mosses, with the individual response to warming being species-specific and strongly tied to Sphagnum traits related to water acquisition. Sphagnum angustifolium showed significant reductions under warming, with losses in capitulum density and percent cover, as well as having a reduced growth rate. We also observed two trajectories of change under warming scenarios: one characterized by declines in Sphagnum abundance and a greater frequency of bare peat, the other shifting toward Sphagnum taxa adapted to lower water tables, accompanied by an increase in vascular plant abundance and density.

Conclusions

Higher temperatures will have a significant effect on the composition of Sphagnum communities, which are tied to Sphagnum life-history strategies of moisture retention. Warming negatively affects species that require relatively more frequent and prolonged exposure to moisture. Increases in bare peat soil demonstrate there is little recolonization from Sphagnum once it dies back from an area. Larger Sphagnum species may be favored in a warmed world given they store more water. Overall, losses in the cover of Sphagnum mosses have significant implications for hydrology and carbon storage in peatlands.

考虑到泥炭草在泥炭地功能和稳定性中的核心作用,本研究考察了7年试验田增温对泥炭地植物群落组成的影响,并了解与生产力相关的性状,特别是与水分获取策略相关的性状如何驱动群落组成的变化。地理位置:加拿大安大略省怀特河附近营养贫乏的北方沼泽。方法通过7年的增温处理,对对照区和增温区3种优势种Sphagnum的维管植物和非维管植物盖度进行分析,并对Sphagnum性状进行量化分析。结果实验变暖后泥炭地植物群落的变化完全由泥炭藓丰度的变化驱动,个体对变暖的响应具有物种特异性,且与泥炭藓与水分获取相关的性状密切相关。Sphagnum angustifolium在变暖条件下表现出明显的减少,头状花序密度和盖度下降,生长速度下降。在气候变暖的背景下,研究人员还观察到两种变化轨迹:一种是Sphagnum丰度下降,裸泥炭出现频率增加;另一种是Sphagnum类群向适应较低地下水位的方向转变,同时维管植物丰度和密度增加。结论高温对泥鳅群落的组成有显著影响,这与泥鳅的保水策略有关。变暖对那些需要相对频繁和长时间暴露在潮湿环境中的物种产生了负面影响。裸露的泥炭土的增加表明,一旦泥炭草从一个地区死亡,它几乎不会重新定居。体型较大的藻类在温暖的环境中可能更受青睐,因为它们能储存更多的水。综上所述,泥炭地覆盖损失对泥炭地的水文和碳储量具有重要影响。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Vegetation Science
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