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Vegetation Dynamics on a Boreal Raised Bog: Changes in Carpets, Lawns and Hummocks Towards Wetter Conditions Over a 34-Year Period 北方凸起沼泽的植被动态:地毯、草坪和小丘在34年间向湿润条件的变化
IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70095
Catharina Caspara Vloon, Rune Halvorsen, Jørn-Frode Nordbakken, Joachim Paul Töpper, Inger Auestad, Knut Rydgren

Question

How do vascular plant and cryptogam cover, bare peat area and species composition in different microforms on a boreal raised bog change over a 34-year period (1988–2022)? We discuss the observed patterns in the light of ongoing climate change.

Location

Rønnåsmyra Nature Reserve, south-eastern Norway.

Methods

We recorded total vascular plant and cryptogam cover, bare peat area and species composition in 51 permanent 0.5 × 0.5 m plots in 1988, 2004 and 2022. The plots were assigned to microform classes (carpet, lawn, hummock) based on their characteristics in 1988 and 2022. We analysed changes over time and explored the relationship between change in species composition and change in the relative distance from the bog surface to the groundwater table (rDWT) in each microform using linear mixed-effect models and ordination (GNMDS).

Results

No shifts between microforms had occurred during the 34-year period, but the number of observed taxa had decreased from 51 to 38. While the vegetation changed very little between 1988 and 2004, substantial changes occurred from 2004 to 2022. During this period, carpets showed a substantial increase in bare peat at the cost of cryptogam and vascular plant cover. Lawns showed a similar but less strong trend. Hummocks showed no such changes. The species composition of all microforms changed towards vegetation typical of wetter bog surfaces. In hummocks, this implied a shift from dominance by lichens to dominance by strongly peat-producing Sphagnum species of section Acutifolia, coupled with an increase in rDWT.

Conclusion

We demonstrate that bog vegetation can change substantially within two decades. The observed, divergent successions—retrogressive in carpets and lawns and progressive in hummocks—may result from the responses of the cryptogam layer to a combination of increased temperature and increased precipitation. Extreme weather events may have contributed to the increase in bare peat.

在34年(1988-2022年)期间,北方凸起沼泽上不同微观形态的维管植物和隐花植物覆盖、裸泥炭面积和物种组成是如何变化的?我们根据持续的气候变化讨论观测到的模式。地理位置挪威东南部的r ø nnamatsmyra自然保护区。方法分别于1988年、2004年和2022年对51个0.5 × 0.5 m永久样地的维管植物和隐花植物的总盖度、裸泥炭面积和物种组成进行了记录。1988年和2022年,根据样地特征将样地划分为地毯、草坪和丘形地。利用线性混合效应模型和排序(GNMDS)分析了各微形态物种组成变化与沼泽地表至地下水位相对距离(rDWT)变化的关系。结果在34年的时间里,微形态之间没有发生变化,但观察到的分类群数量从51个减少到38个。1988 - 2004年植被变化不大,而2004 - 2022年植被变化较大。在此期间,地毯显示出裸泥炭的大量增加,其代价是隐花植物和维管植物的覆盖。草坪也表现出类似但不那么强烈的趋势。小丘没有这种变化。所有微形态的物种组成都向湿润沼泽表面的典型植被方向变化。在丘上,这意味着地衣的优势向Acutifolia剖面中产泥炭能力强的Sphagnum的优势转变,同时rDWT增加。结论沼泽植被在20年内发生显著变化。观测到的发散序列——在地毯和草坪上是退行性的,在小丘上是递进性的——可能是隐层对温度升高和降水增加的共同反应的结果。极端天气事件可能导致裸泥炭的增加。
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引用次数: 0
Coexistence Beyond Equilibria: Testing the Ecological Buffering Mechanisms Theory in Mixed Communities 超越平衡的共存:混合群落生态缓冲机制理论的检验
IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70091
Lautaro Nasta, Lucio Biancari, Martin Roberto Aguiar

Aims

Coexistence of woody and herbaceous species in mixed communities has been an ecological conundrum for several decades. The general conclusion is that no single mechanism can explain coexistence. Researchers have proposed a unifying theory predicting that, despite states of equilibrium or domains of attraction, the mixed condition results from buffering mechanisms acting at the species level as the community approaches the limits of its existence (i.e., dominated by a single life-form). Here we experimentally tested, for the first time, these buffering mechanisms in grass and shrub species at the scale of a patch mosaic in a temperate shrub–grass steppe.

Location

Shrub–grass Patagonian steppes, Argentina (45°24′ S, 70°17′ W).

Methods

In six grazed and ungrazed plots large enough to represent accurately the vegetation mosaic of patches (121 m2), we created experimental communities exclusively dominated by grasses or shrubs. In addition, we established two control treatments: one with intact vegetation and another completely cleared. We constructed an integral projection model for populations of grasses and shrubs and evaluated the action of buffering mechanisms using the population growth rate over the transient period (λg).

Results

We highlight three main results. First, we found that λg of the reduced life-form increased when it was experimentally reduced. Second, there were species-specific differences that modulate the population response to dominance and disturbance (i.e., physiognomy and grazing, respectively). Third, fecundity was the vital rate driving the population response of both grasses and shrubs. Moderate grazing did not alter these results.

Conclusions

Buffering mechanisms play a critical role in the persistence of the co-dominated state of the shrub–grass community. We argue that buffering mechanisms act through processes promoting the fecundity of species reduced at the extremes by (i) negative intradominant life-form interactions (competition), (ii) niche partitioning that reduces inter-life-form niche overlap, and (iii) positive inter-life-form interactions (facilitation).

摘要木本植物和草本植物在混合群落中的共存一直是一个生态难题。总的结论是,没有单一的机制可以解释共存。研究人员提出了一种统一的理论,预测尽管存在平衡状态或吸引域,但当群落接近其存在的极限(即由单一生命形式主导)时,混合条件是由物种层面的缓冲机制产生的。在这里,我们首次在温带灌草草原的斑块马赛克尺度上实验测试了草和灌木物种的这些缓冲机制。地理位置阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚灌木草原(南纬45°24′,西经70°17′)。方法在6个面积足以准确反映斑块植被嵌合的放牧和未放牧样地(121 m2)上,建立以草或灌木为主的实验群落。此外,我们还建立了两种对照处理:一种是植被完整,另一种是完全清除。本文构建了禾草和灌木种群的积分投影模型,并利用种群在过渡时期(λg)的增长率来评价缓冲机制的作用。我们强调三个主要结果。首先,我们发现当被实验还原时,还原生命形式的λg增加。其次,种群对优势和干扰(分别是地貌和放牧)的反应存在物种特异性差异。第三,繁殖力是驱动禾草和灌木种群响应的重要因子。适度放牧并没有改变这些结果。结论缓冲机制在灌草群落共同优势状态的持续中起关键作用。我们认为,缓冲机制通过促进物种繁殖力的过程起作用,这些过程在极端情况下被(i)负的主导生命形式相互作用(竞争),(ii)减少生命形式间生态位重叠的生态位划分,以及(iii)积极的生命形式间相互作用(促进)所减少。
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引用次数: 0
Vegetation Changes in Temperate Floodplain Forests: Temporal Scale Matters 温带洪泛平原森林植被变化:时间尺度问题
IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70094
Vojtěch Lanta, Jana Doudová, Tomáš Černý, Lukáš Čížek, Zuzana Chlumská, Miroslav Dvorský, Alena Havrdová, Petr Karlík, Kirill Korznikov, Jiří Doležal, Jan Douda

Aim

Understanding temporal patterns of vegetation change is crucial for assessing the ecological integrity of forest understoreys under shifting management and climate regimes. This study investigates long-term (60-year) and short-term (10-year) changes in species composition, functional traits, and phylogenetic diversity (PD) of understorey communities in Central European floodplain forests. The goal is to determine how different temporal scales capture ecological dynamics and to identify trait-based mechanisms underlying community shifts.

Location

The research was conducted in floodplain forests across Central Europe, encompassing oak, ash, hornbeam, and willow-dominated stands distributed along a gradient of soil moisture availability.

Methods

We analyzed repeated vegetation plot records across two temporal scales. Changes in species richness, functional diversity (FD), and PD were quantified. Species-level shifts were linked to plant traits such as height, seed mass, and leaf dry matter content (LDMC), with analyses stratified by forest type.

Results

Over 60 years, species richness and PD declined, driven by the loss of phylogenetically distinct light-demanding specialists and an increase in tall woody generalists with conservative strategies. FD remained stable but showed directional trait shifts. In contrast, the 10-year data showed limited changes in diversity indices, despite continued increases in some woody species and temporary gains of specialists in drier hornbeam stands. Trait–abundance correlations indicated that taller species with high LDMC or heavier seeds were favored under conditions of canopy closure and drought. Invasive species also increased in abundance over the 60-year period, whereas short-term trends exhibited weaker signals.

Conclusions

Long-term data revealed compositional and trait-based transformations missed in short-term assessments, emphasizing the value of extended temporal monitoring. Trait–environment interactions varied among forest types, reflecting site-specific drivers such as differences in moisture conditions. These findings highlight the need for temporally informed forest management strategies that promote resilience by addressing both species impoverishment in the forest understorey and trait-based filters.

目的了解植被变化的时间格局对评估森林林下植被在变化管理和气候条件下的生态完整性至关重要。研究了中欧漫滩森林林下群落物种组成、功能特征和系统发育多样性的长期(60年)和短期(10年)变化。目标是确定不同的时间尺度如何捕捉生态动态,并确定基于特征的群落变化机制。该研究在中欧的洪泛平原森林中进行,包括沿土壤水分可用性梯度分布的橡树、白蜡、角木和柳树为主的林分。方法对两个时间尺度的重复植被样地记录进行分析。定量分析了物种丰富度、功能多样性(FD)和PD的变化。物种水平的变化与植物性状如高度、种子质量和叶片干物质含量(LDMC)有关,并按森林类型分层分析。结果60多年来,物种丰富度和PD呈下降趋势,主要是由于系统发育上不同的光需求专科植物的减少和保守策略下的高木本通才植物的增加。FD保持稳定,但表现出方向性性状变化。相比之下,10年的数据显示多样性指数的变化有限,尽管一些木本物种继续增加,干旱角梁林的专科物种暂时增加。性状丰度相关性表明,在冠层关闭和干旱条件下,高LDMC或重种子的物种更受青睐。入侵物种数量在60年期间也有所增加,而短期趋势表现出较弱的信号。结论长期数据揭示了短期评估中遗漏的成分和基于特征的转变,强调了延长时间监测的价值。性状-环境相互作用因森林类型而异,反映了特定地点的驱动因素,如湿度条件的差异。这些发现突出表明,有必要制定具有时效性的森林管理战略,通过解决森林下层物种贫困化和基于特征的过滤器来提高复原力。
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引用次数: 0
Variation of Riparian Plant CSR Strategies Across the Gradient of the Water Level Fluctuation and Snowmelt Along the Nyang River, Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70093
Yao Zhang, Janne Alahuhta, Wei Li, Junyao Sun
<div> <section> <h3> Aims</h3> <p>Human disturbances and environmental changes significantly influence riparian vegetation composition and dynamics by altering hydrological regimes. In high-altitude river systems, snowmelt-driven water-level fluctuations add further complexity to these processes. However, little is known about how riparian plant functional strategies—competitor (C), stress-tolerator (S), and ruderal (R)—respond to dam-induced water-level fluctuations. This study aimed to assess the effects of water-level fluctuations and climatic factors on riparian vegetation functional strategies along the Nyang River, Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>This study was conducted along the Nyang River, Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China. A total of 33 sites were surveyed, spanning upstream, reservoir, and downstream zones, which were categorized based on water-level fluctuation gradients.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We classified riparian vegetation functional strategies using Grime's CSR framework based on species trait data. Hydrological and climatic variables, including water-level fluctuations, temperature, precipitation, and snow cover, were derived from the Global Surface Water Mapping Layers and the FLDAS dataset. Soil properties were measured in the field. Redundancy analysis and partial least squares path modeling were applied to identify key drivers of CSR variation across different river zones.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Riparian vegetation exhibited significant differences in stress tolerance and ruderal strategies across the Nyang River. Plants in the reservoir and upstream zones had higher S-strategy values, whereas downstream vegetation was predominantly characterized by high competitiveness. The primary drivers of CSR variation across the catchment were temperature, precipitation, and snow cover. In reservoir zones, water-level fluctuations (e.g., retention time, river width) were the dominant influences, whereas downstream vegetation was mainly governed by climate variables. In upstream zones, precipitation, water-level fluctuations, and snow cover jointly influenced CSR strategies. Water-level fluctuations directly regulated functional strategies, whereas snow cover had both direct effects and indirect effects via soil moisture changes.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>This study highlights the interactive effects of climate change and flow regulation on riparian vegetation functional strategies in high-altitude river systems. The findings provide crit
目的人为干扰和环境变化通过改变水文状态显著影响河岸植被组成和动态。在高海拔河流系统中,融雪驱动的水位波动进一步增加了这些过程的复杂性。然而,关于河岸植物的功能策略——竞争者(C)、应力耐受性(S)和水生植物(R)——如何响应水坝引起的水位波动,我们知之甚少。共调查了33个站点,横跨上游、水库和下游区域,并根据水位波动梯度进行了分类。方法基于物种性状数据,采用Grime的CSR框架对河岸植被功能策略进行分类。水文和气候变量,包括水位波动、温度、降水和积雪,来自全球地表水制图层和FLDAS数据集。在田间测量了土壤性质。利用冗余分析和偏最小二乘路径模型分析了不同河带CSR变化的关键驱动因素。结果沿阳河两岸河岸植被在抗逆性和生态策略上存在显著差异。库区和上游植被s策略值较高,下游植被s策略值以高竞争力为主。流域CSR变化的主要驱动因素是温度、降水和积雪。在库区,水位波动(如滞留时间、河流宽度)是主要影响因素,而下游植被主要受气候变量的影响。在上游地区,降水、水位波动和积雪共同影响CSR策略。水位波动直接调控功能策略,而积雪通过土壤湿度变化既有直接影响,也有间接影响。结论气候变化和流量调节对高海拔水系河岸植被功能策略的交互影响。这些发现为了解水位波动和气候因素如何影响河岸植物策略提供了重要见解,为高寒地区基于生态系统的河流管理和保护提供了有价值的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Long-Term Warming and Dominant Species Removal Alter Plant Community Composition in Invaded Alpine Tussock Grasslands in New Zealand 长期变暖和优势种移除改变了入侵的新西兰高山草丛植物群落组成
IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70090
Indira V. Leon-Garcia, Aimée T. Classen, Justyna Giejsztowt, Julie R. Deslippe
<div> <section> <p>Climate change threatens alpine communities as faster warming leads to plant invasions and local extinctions, but effects vary along environmental gradients. Experiments accounting for interactions of warming and species turnover along environmental gradients can clarify mechanisms of community change.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>In a field experiment in grasslands, we tested warming and removal of dominant ericaceous shrubs: <i>Calluna vulgaris</i> (invader, low elevation) and <i>Gaultheria colensoi</i> (native, high elevation).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Species presence and cover were recorded annually to assess community composition, richness and functional diversity, interpreted with respect to the stress gradient hypothesis (SGH). Further, we explored drivers of cover over elevation.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Independent of treatments, cover of the dominant species increased significantly over time. At high elevation, an 8.5% increase in <i>Gaultheria</i> cover was accompanied by a 0.2% increase in rare species, while at low elevation, a 10% increase in invasive <i>Calluna</i> cover coincided with a 0.1% reduction in rare species. Treatment effects on subordinate cover differed between elevations. At high elevation, warming reduced the probability of occurrence of subordinate species by 20% and species richness by 2.3, with forbs most negatively affected. However, <i>Gaultheria</i> removal had a positive effect on functional diversity, increasing species evenness over time. At low elevation, invader removal increased evenness by 10% through a positive effect on forb cover. Diversity marginally increased (5%) in the combined warming and removal treatment, suggesting that invasion may suppress the response of plant functional diversity to warming at this site.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>We found support for the SGH only under ambient conditions and mainly for rare, low-cover species. At high elevation, warming weakened positive <i>Gaultheria</i>–subordinate interactions. At low elevation, <i>Calluna</i> cover suppressed rare species under ambient conditions, but warming did not promote invasion, likely due to warming-induced drought. Removal increased subordinate diversity but had little effect on cover, potentially revealing longer-term reductions in productivity. Our study highlights the utility of experimental warming and dominant removals for revealing plant community responses to global change and suggests that the lee side of Mount Ruapehu will be a strategically important
气候变化威胁着高山群落,因为更快的变暖导致植物入侵和局部灭绝,但影响随着环境梯度而变化。考虑气候变暖和物种更替沿环境梯度相互作用的实验可以阐明群落变化的机制。方法采用野外试验方法,研究了低海拔外来入侵植物Calluna vulgaris和高海拔原生植物Gaultheria colensoi的增温和消长情况。目的利用应力梯度假说(stress gradient hypothesis, SGH),每年记录物种的存在和覆盖情况,评估群落的组成、丰富度和功能多样性。此外,我们还探讨了海拔覆盖的驱动因素。结果随着时间的推移,优势种的盖度随时间的推移而显著增加。在高海拔地区,高卢草覆盖面积增加8.5%,珍稀物种数量增加0.2%,而在低海拔地区,侵入性愈伤草覆盖面积增加10%,珍稀物种数量减少0.1%。不同海拔高度对下级覆盖物的处理效果不同。在高海拔地区,气候变暖使副种发生的概率降低了20%,物种丰富度降低了2.3,其中以草本植物受影响最大。然而,随着时间的推移,高卢菌的去除对功能多样性有积极的影响,物种均匀性增加。在低海拔地区,入侵者的清除通过对牧草覆盖的积极影响使均匀度提高了10%。增温与去除联合处理的多样性略有增加(5%),表明入侵可能抑制了该地点植物功能多样性对增温的响应。结论仅在环境条件下支持SGH,且主要适用于罕见的低盖度物种。在高海拔地区,变暖削弱了高卢菌与从属高卢菌的正相互作用。在低海拔地区,环境条件下,愈伤组织覆盖抑制了稀有物种的入侵,但增温并未促进稀有物种的入侵,这可能与增温引起的干旱有关。移走增加了下属的多样性,但对覆盖物的影响不大,这可能表明长期的生产力下降。我们的研究强调了实验变暖和优势移除在揭示植物群落对全球变化的响应方面的效用,并表明随着气候变暖,鲁阿佩胡山背风侧将成为保护适应干旱的本地物种的重要战略位置。
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引用次数: 0
Spatial Patterns of Woody Plants and Tree-Tree Interactions in an Indian Mesic Savanna 印度Mesic稀树草原木本植物空间格局与树-树相互作用
IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70089
Rohit Subhedar, Jayashree Ratnam, Mahesh Sankaran

Aims

Savannas are mixed tree-grass systems maintained by complex interactions and feedbacks between bottom-up (resources) and top-down (e.g., fire and herbivory) forces. Much research in savannas has focused on understanding what enables tree-grass coexistence. In contrast, tree-tree interactions have received limited attention despite being equally important for determining savanna structure. Tree-tree interactions can be facilitative, or competitive, with differential implications for woody cover and savanna structure. Further, these interactions can change across life stages of woody plants. In this study, we assessed patterns of tree spatial distributions to infer the nature of tree-tree interactions (whether facilitative or competitive) across two life stages, saplings and adults, in an Indian savanna.

Location

Mesic savanna in southern India.

Methods

We assessed spatial patterns of trees using point pattern analysis and inferred the nature of tree-tree interactions by examining neighbourhood effects, both conspecific and heterospecific, on plant survival and growth across the two life stages.

Results

We found that saplings were strongly aggregated while adult trees were randomly distributed. Despite being strongly aggregated, sapling growth and survival over 4 years were unaffected by neighbours (adults and saplings). Instead, initial size (basal area at first census) was the single best predictor of both sapling growth and survival. In contrast, adult neighbours negatively affected adult tree growth with effects being more pronounced for conspecific neighbours than heterospecifics. Other factors such as drought and fire, although important for sapling and adult performance, did not occur during our study period.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that tree-tree interactions in this mesic savanna vary from neutral at the sapling stage to negative at the adult stage. Neighbourhood density influenced adult tree growth but not survival. Suppressive effects of neighbours on adult tree growth, although weak, suggest a potential role for competitive tree-tree interactions in constraining tree cover in Indian mesic savannas.

热带稀树草原是由自下而上(资源)和自上而下(如火和草食)力量之间复杂的相互作用和反馈维持的混合树-草系统。在稀树草原上的许多研究都集中在了解是什么使树-草共存。相比之下,尽管树与树的相互作用对确定稀树草原的结构同样重要,但受到的关注却有限。树与树的相互作用可以是促进的,也可以是竞争的,对树木覆盖和稀树草原结构有不同的影响。此外,这些相互作用可以在木本植物的各个生命阶段发生变化。在这项研究中,我们评估了树木的空间分布模式,以推断树与树之间的相互作用(无论是促进的还是竞争的)在两个生命阶段,树苗和成年,在印度热带稀树草原。位置:印度南部的梅西克稀树草原。方法利用点格局分析方法评估树木的空间格局,并通过考察同种和异种邻居对植物在两个生命阶段的生存和生长的影响,推断树-树相互作用的性质。结果树苗聚集性强,成树分布随机。尽管树苗聚集性很强,但4年来树苗的生长和存活不受邻近树苗(成虫和树苗)的影响。相反,初始大小(第一次普查时的基底面积)是预测树苗生长和成活率的最佳指标。相比之下,成树邻居对成树生长有负向影响,同种邻居的影响比异种邻居更明显。其他因素,如干旱和火灾,虽然对树苗和成虫的表现很重要,但在我们的研究期间没有发生。结论该热带稀树草原的树-树相互作用从幼树期的中性到成树期的负相互作用。邻域密度影响成树生长,但不影响成树存活率。虽然邻居对成树生长的抑制作用较弱,但这表明在印度mesic稀树草原上,竞争的树-树相互作用在限制树木覆盖方面可能起着潜在的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Unraveling the Influence of Soil Properties on CSR Strategies in an Ironstone Montane Ecosystem in Southeast Brazil 巴西东南部铁石山生态系统土壤性质对CSR策略的影响
IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70092
Dario C. Paiva, Daniel Negreiros, Jessica Cunha-Blum, Carla Rago, Vanessa M. Gomes, Irene Gélvez-Zúñiga, G. Wilson Fernandes

Question

Understanding how nutrient availability and soil conditions influence ecosystem functionality is crucial for predicting changes in the plant community and informing ecological restoration programs. Here, we aimed to characterize the ecological strategies of the most abundant species in an ironstone ecosystem, to understand how edaphic parameters drive these strategies, and to investigate how species taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversities differ among habitats within the ecosystem.

Location

The study was conducted in three municipalities in the southern portion of the Espinhaço mountain range in Minas Gerais, Brazil. We sampled plots in three habitat types with distinct soil characteristics.

Methods

We employed the CSR framework to characterize the ecological strategies of the most common species across 87,100-m2 plots. We also measured 19 edaphic parameters in these plots to evaluate their influence on ecological strategies.

Results

Most of the 46 sampled species displayed a high proportion of stress-tolerant strategies due to their small leaves with high dry matter content. This pattern reflects the preponderance of S-selection at the plot level. Conversely, plots with finer sand and relatively fertile conditions had more competitive strategies, and the species within showed larger leaves with less biomass investment.

Conclusions

This study highlights the role of abiotic filters in shaping CSR strategies in ironstone campo rupestre, emphasizing the trade-off between growth and resource conservation. The low growth rates of species reveal the ecosystem's vulnerability to increased soil removal and disturbances. Additionally, small-scale edaphic variation relates mainly to physical properties, selected species composition, and functionality.

了解养分有效性和土壤条件如何影响生态系统功能对于预测植物群落的变化和为生态恢复计划提供信息至关重要。在这里,我们旨在描述铁石生态系统中最丰富的物种的生态策略,了解土壤参数如何驱动这些策略,并研究物种分类、功能和系统发育多样性在生态系统中不同栖息地的差异。该研究是在巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州埃斯帕拉索山脉南部的三个城市进行的。我们在三种生境类型中取样,土壤特征各不相同。方法采用CSR框架对87,100 m2样地中最常见物种的生态策略进行表征。我们还测量了这些样地的19个土壤参数,以评估它们对生态策略的影响。结果46种植物叶片小,干物质含量高,多数表现出较高的抗逆性策略比例。这种模式反映了s选择在样地水平上的优势。相反,沙质较细、土壤相对肥沃的样地具有更强的竞争策略,其中的物种表现出较大的叶片和较少的生物量投资。本研究强调了非生物过滤器在塑造铁矿石企业社会责任战略中的作用,强调了增长与资源保护之间的权衡。物种的低增长率揭示了生态系统对土壤迁移和干扰的脆弱性。此外,小尺度土壤变化主要与物理性质、选择物种组成和功能有关。
{"title":"Unraveling the Influence of Soil Properties on CSR Strategies in an Ironstone Montane Ecosystem in Southeast Brazil","authors":"Dario C. Paiva,&nbsp;Daniel Negreiros,&nbsp;Jessica Cunha-Blum,&nbsp;Carla Rago,&nbsp;Vanessa M. Gomes,&nbsp;Irene Gélvez-Zúñiga,&nbsp;G. Wilson Fernandes","doi":"10.1111/jvs.70092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Question</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding how nutrient availability and soil conditions influence ecosystem functionality is crucial for predicting changes in the plant community and informing ecological restoration programs. Here, we aimed to characterize the ecological strategies of the most abundant species in an ironstone ecosystem, to understand how edaphic parameters drive these strategies, and to investigate how species taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversities differ among habitats within the ecosystem.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study was conducted in three municipalities in the southern portion of the Espinhaço mountain range in Minas Gerais, Brazil. We sampled plots in three habitat types with distinct soil characteristics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We employed the CSR framework to characterize the ecological strategies of the most common species across 87,100-m<sup>2</sup> plots. We also measured 19 edaphic parameters in these plots to evaluate their influence on ecological strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most of the 46 sampled species displayed a high proportion of stress-tolerant strategies due to their small leaves with high dry matter content. This pattern reflects the preponderance of S-selection at the plot level. Conversely, plots with finer sand and relatively fertile conditions had more competitive strategies, and the species within showed larger leaves with less biomass investment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlights the role of abiotic filters in shaping CSR strategies in ironstone <i>campo rupestre</i>, emphasizing the trade-off between growth and resource conservation. The low growth rates of species reveal the ecosystem's vulnerability to increased soil removal and disturbances. Additionally, small-scale edaphic variation relates mainly to physical properties, selected species composition, and functionality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"36 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145625904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Forest Composition Drives Bryophyte Biomass, Carbon, and Nitrogen Storage in the Boreal-Temperate Ecotone 森林组成驱动北温带交错带苔藓生物量、碳和氮储量
IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70088
Luana Gonçalves Cemin, Mélanie Jean

Background

Climate change and forest management have profoundly altered forest ecosystem dynamics, with impacts on canopy composition and understory vegetation. Forest type affects bryophyte ecosystem processes, particularly related to carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. Within the boreal-temperate ecotone, the Wabanaki-Acadian Forest harbors a diverse canopy composition with many species at their distributional limit, making it sensitive to climate change and human alterations, with unknown impacts on bryophytes and their functions.

Aims

We aimed to quantify how canopy composition and moisture affect forest-floor bryophyte biomass, and C and N stocks.

Location

We sampled in 49 stands representing six forest types of the Wabanaki-Acadian Forest of New Brunswick (Canada): mesic coniferous, wet coniferous, mesic deciduous, wet deciduous, mixed, and cedar forests.

Methods

First, we developed an allometric model to predict bryophyte bulk density. We then estimated bryophyte biomass and C and N contents for five functional groups at each site using the ground layer indicator method and measured forest and soil characteristics at each site (e.g., forest composition, soil pH, moisture class). Linear models; multivariate, similarity percentages; and indicator species analyses were used for data analysis.

Results

The highest bryophyte biomass and C and N stocks were found in conifer-dominated forests, especially where Sphagnum was abundant, whereas they were low in mixed and deciduous forests which also had a different functional composition. There was a strong negative nonlinear relationship between bryophyte biomass and broadleaf litter.

Conclusions

We provide the first reports of bryophyte biomass and C and N stocks in the Wabanaki-Acadian Forest, which were consistent with its latitudinal location at the southern edge of the boreal forest. Our findings highlight the connections between forest composition and bryophytes in the Acadian Forest and reveal the potential contribution of forest-floor bryophytes to C and N stocks.

气候变化和森林管理深刻改变了森林生态系统动态,影响了林冠组成和林下植被。森林类型影响苔藓植物生态系统过程,特别是与碳(C)和氮(N)循环有关的过程。在寒带-温带过渡带内,Wabanaki-Acadian森林拥有多样化的冠层组成,在其分布极限处有许多物种,使其对气候变化和人类活动变化敏感,对苔藓植物及其功能的影响未知。目的研究林冠组成和水分对地表苔藓生物量和碳氮储量的影响。我们在加拿大新不伦瑞克省Wabanaki-Acadian森林的6种森林类型49个林分中进行了采样,分别是:仲介针叶林、湿针叶林、仲介落叶林、湿落叶林、混交林和雪松林。方法首先建立异速生长模型预测苔藓植物容重。然后,我们使用地面层指示法估算了每个站点5个功能群的苔藓生物量和C、N含量,并测量了每个站点的森林和土壤特征(如森林组成、土壤pH、水分等级)。线性模型;多变量,相似百分比;数据分析采用指标种分析法。结果苔藓生物量和碳氮储量在以针叶林为主的森林中最高,特别是在Sphagnum丰富的森林中,而在功能组成不同的混交林和落叶林中则较低。苔藓生物量与阔叶凋落物呈较强的非线性负相关。结论本文首次报道了Wabanaki-Acadian森林苔藓生物量和C、N储量的变化,与该森林位于北方针叶林南缘的纬度位置一致。我们的研究结果强调了阿卡迪亚森林中森林成分与苔藓植物之间的联系,并揭示了森林地表苔藓植物对碳和氮储量的潜在贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Passive Rewilding of Old-Established Plantations Into Native Forests 被动地将古老种植园改造成原始森林
IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70085
Alessandro Bricca, Stefan Zerbe, Hannelore Fellin, Nicola Alessi, Simona Maccherini, Gianmaria Bonari

Aim

Do multiple environmental conditions filter plant communities in non-native plantations similarly to the natural forests? Do upper forest layers act as additional filters on understory plant diversity? How do multiple environmental conditions and forest structure affect rewilding?

Location

Trentino region (Italy).

Methods

Using a stratified random sampling design approach encompassing different elevations and aspects in non-native old-established black pine plantations of the eastern European Alps, we sampled 55 plots over 6200 km2 in which we collected data on abiotic conditions and species cover for each forest layer (tree, shrub, herb), and forest regeneration (i.e., woody juvenile species). We adopted structural equation models (SEMs) to investigate the causal relationships between multiple environmental conditions and forest layer interactions on alpha and beta plant diversity. Furthermore, we ran redundancy analysis (RDA) to test for the effect of multiple environmental conditions and forest structural parameters on the ecology of the herbaceous communities.

Results

High- and low-elevation sites had reduced alpha diversity likely because of frost and drought climatic constraints. Shaded conditions due to tree canopy cover directly reduced alpha shrub diversity, and indirectly the herb diversity. Beta diversity of each layer was mainly influenced by slope and elevation. The composition of trees set off a cascading effect, shaping shrub communities and, in turn, the herbaceous and juvenile layers below.

Conclusions

Non-native old-established plantations close to the native range of black pine showed high diversity coupled with scarce regeneration. Our insights are crucial for understanding the rewilding of old-established plantation forests. Future plantation programs should consider both the multiple spatial scales of the environmental conditions of the sites and the interaction among vegetation layers to achieve effective rewilding.

目的多种环境条件对非原生人工林植物群落的过滤作用是否与天然林相似?森林上层是否作为林下植物多样性的额外过滤器?多种环境条件和森林结构如何影响野化?位置:特伦蒂诺地区(意大利)。方法采用分层随机抽样设计方法,对东欧阿尔卑斯地区55个不同海拔、不同地形的非原生古生黑松人工林进行取样,取样面积超过6200 km2,收集了各林层(乔木、灌木、草本)的非生物条件、物种覆盖和森林更新(木本幼木)的数据。采用结构方程模型(SEMs)研究了多种环境条件与林层相互作用对α和β植物多样性的因果关系。通过冗余分析(RDA)分析多种环境条件和森林结构参数对草本群落生态的影响。结果高海拔和低海拔地区α多样性的减少可能与干旱和霜冻气候的限制有关。树冠覆盖造成的遮荫条件直接降低了灌丛多样性,间接降低了草本植物多样性。各层β多样性主要受坡度和海拔的影响。树木的组成形成了层叠效应,塑造了灌木群落,进而塑造了下面的草本层和幼树层。结论邻近黑松原生地的非本土老人工林具有多样性高、更新少的特点。我们的见解对于了解古老人工林的重新野生化至关重要。未来的人工林规划应考虑场地环境条件的多个空间尺度和植被层之间的相互作用,以实现有效的再野化。
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引用次数: 0
Contrasting Phylogenetic Signals in Flowering and Fruiting Phenology at Species and Assemblage Scales in a Climbing Plant Community 攀缘植物群落种级和组合级花果物候的系统发育信号对比
IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70087
Guilherme Dubal dos Santos Seger, Sandra Maria Hartz, Leandro da Silva Duarte

Aims

Climate has long been recognized as an important factor shaping plant phenology. Seasonal climatic variables can exert a strong influence on flowering and fruiting timing. Further, if phenological responses to environmental gradients are phylogenetically conserved in plant species, evolutionary history might be a strong determinant of phenological periods. In this study, we evaluated whether closely related species are phenologically similar, whether there is an association between the composition of flowering or fruiting species and environmental gradients, and to what extent such associations are mediated by the phylogenetic relationships among species.

Location

Araucaria forest at São Francisco de Paula, South Brazil.

Methods

We assessed the phylogenetic conservatism of reproductive phenology in a climbing plant community (78 spp.), an understudied life form that highly contributes to ecosystem dynamics. For this, we calculated the phylogenetic signal of species' flowering and fruiting peaks and conducted a phylobetadiversity analysis and model selection considering temporal autocorrelation.

Results

We found a weak phylogenetic signal in flowering and no signal for fruit phenology at the species scale. However, we found a strong influence of shared evolutionary history on the association between phenological patterns and environmental gradients at the assemblage scale, with different phylogenetic lineages influenced by distinct variables. The daylength, a variable that exhibits subtle changes and consistent patterns across years, explained most of both flowering and fruiting of larger clades (rosids vs asterids), while for fruiting lower level clades (families) were influenced by the canopy openness of tree species.

Conclusions

The results highlight the fingerprint of phylogenetic relatedness in the association of plant phenology and environmental gradients, enabling the identification of at which phylogenetic levels these gradients are acting. Our approach and results bring a new perspective, showing that even in the absence of a phylogenetic signal in species phenological peaks, there is a phylogenetic conservatism between plant phenology and environmental gradients.

长期以来,气候一直被认为是影响植物物候的重要因素。季节气候变量对开花和结果的时间有很大的影响。此外,如果植物物种对环境梯度的物候反应在系统发育上是保守的,那么进化史可能是物候期的一个强有力的决定因素。在这项研究中,我们评估了近缘种是否具有物候相似性,开花或结果种的组成是否与环境梯度有关,以及这种联系在多大程度上是由种间的系统发育关系介导的。位置:巴西南部san Francisco de Paula的Araucaria森林。方法对攀缘植物群落(78种)生殖物候学的系统发育保守性进行了评估。为此,我们计算了物种开花和结果峰的系统发育信号,并进行了系统多样性分析和考虑时间自相关的模式选择。结果在开花过程中发现了较弱的系统发育信号,而在种尺度上没有发现果实物候信号。然而,我们发现,在组合尺度上,共同的进化史对物候模式和环境梯度之间的关联有很强的影响,不同的系统发育谱系受到不同变量的影响。日长是一个在不同年份表现出微妙变化和一致模式的变量,它解释了大型进化枝(蔷薇枝与小行星枝)的大部分开花和结果,而低层进化枝(科)的结果则受到树种冠层开度的影响。结论该结果突出了植物物候与环境梯度之间系统发育亲缘关系的指纹图谱,从而能够识别这些梯度在哪些系统发育水平上起作用。我们的方法和结果带来了一个新的视角,表明即使在物种物候峰中没有系统发育信号,植物物候与环境梯度之间也存在系统发育保守性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Vegetation Science
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