Emiliano Romero-Rodríguez, Carlos Martorell, Diego García-Meza
Questions
Community assembly is envisaged as filters that preclude some species in the regional pool from invading local communities. We tested whether the large floristic differences between adjacent calcicole and calcifuge grasslands are explained by either of five filters: environment (soil) or positive or negative interactions with plants and with soil biota.
Location
Southern Mexico.
Methods
We conducted a reciprocal-transplant experiment with 20 species that were introduced to both habitats under three conditions: intact local community, without plants, and in sterilized plots. Each of the five filters mentioned above predict unique patterns in the performance (survival and growth) of plants in the six treatments. Thus, we used multimodel inference to determine which filters (patterns) were consistent with the evidence.
Results
We detected at least one filter operating on all but four species. Survival data showed frequent support for environmental filtering, with interactions (mostly positive) playing a secondary role; however negative interactions became as frequent as environmental filtering when growth was considered.
Conclusions
The large physicochemical differences between the soils of both grasslands explain the high frequency of environmental filtering. Soils differed in nutrient availability, but also had toxic concentrations of different elements. Survival was strongly influenced by early mortality, while size was measured at the end of the experiment. It is thus likely that the differences between analyses based on survival and size reflect an ontogenetic change from positive to negative interactions. Other plants frequently facilitate seedlings, but this interaction often turns competitive over time. Soil mutualists provide nutrients that seedlings cannot access, but antagonists build up in the rhizosphere as plants age. Unlike studies that infer filters from extant plants in communities or from successful invasions, our approach provides direct evidence on which filters cause species to be absent from communities.
{"title":"Effects of biological and environmental filtering on the community assembly of two grasslands in southern Mexico","authors":"Emiliano Romero-Rodríguez, Carlos Martorell, Diego García-Meza","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13315","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Community assembly is envisaged as filters that preclude some species in the regional pool from invading local communities. We tested whether the large floristic differences between adjacent calcicole and calcifuge grasslands are explained by either of five filters: environment (soil) or positive or negative interactions with plants and with soil biota.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Southern Mexico.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a reciprocal-transplant experiment with 20 species that were introduced to both habitats under three conditions: intact local community, without plants, and in sterilized plots. Each of the five filters mentioned above predict unique patterns in the performance (survival and growth) of plants in the six treatments. Thus, we used multimodel inference to determine which filters (patterns) were consistent with the evidence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We detected at least one filter operating on all but four species. Survival data showed frequent support for environmental filtering, with interactions (mostly positive) playing a secondary role; however negative interactions became as frequent as environmental filtering when growth was considered.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The large physicochemical differences between the soils of both grasslands explain the high frequency of environmental filtering. Soils differed in nutrient availability, but also had toxic concentrations of different elements. Survival was strongly influenced by early mortality, while size was measured at the end of the experiment. It is thus likely that the differences between analyses based on survival and size reflect an ontogenetic change from positive to negative interactions. Other plants frequently facilitate seedlings, but this interaction often turns competitive over time. Soil mutualists provide nutrients that seedlings cannot access, but antagonists build up in the rhizosphere as plants age. Unlike studies that infer filters from extant plants in communities or from successful invasions, our approach provides direct evidence on which filters cause species to be absent from communities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ricard Arasa-Gisbert, Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez, Martín de Jesús Cervantes-López, Jorge A. Meave
Aim
For practical and theoretical purposes, ecological studies commonly classify trees into five major life-cycle stages: seed, seedling, sapling, juvenile and adult. Whereas the seed and adult stages are usually accurately delimited across studies, there are discrepancies and ambiguity in the categorization of seedlings, saplings and juveniles, which can significantly affect the conclusions of community ecology studies. Here we propose a standardized set of criteria intended for community-level research for delimiting these three stages based on biological and ecological rationales.
Methods
We assessed the relevance of such standardization by conducting a meta-analysis of the effects of two human-caused disturbances (defaunation and logging) on each early tree life stage and examining differences in effect sizes and confidence intervals among: (1) studies that match our delimitation criteria, (2) studies that do not match these criteria, and (3) all studies grouped together regardless of the criteria they used.
Results
We found stronger effects with narrower confidence intervals when considering only the studies that matched our standardized delimitation criteria. In fact, the proportion of significant effects was between 1.7 (defaunation) and 5.4 (logging) times higher in studies matching our delimitation criteria than in studies that do not match them, probably because confidence intervals were 2.3–3.1 times smaller in the former group than in the latter. For logging studies, the direction of the effects changed in 30%–50% of the cases when comparing the results from all data and studies not matching our criteria with the results of the studies matching our criteria, always from non-significant to significant effects.
Conclusions
These findings underscore the need for an ecologically meaningful categorization of early tree life stages based on standardized measures to increase the confidence, accuracy, reproducibility and generalization in plant biology and community ecological research. Synthesis efforts will particularly benefit from this standardized protocol.
{"title":"The need for a strict delimitation of early tree life stages in vegetation ecology","authors":"Ricard Arasa-Gisbert, Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez, Martín de Jesús Cervantes-López, Jorge A. Meave","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13313","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For practical and theoretical purposes, ecological studies commonly classify trees into five major life-cycle stages: seed, seedling, sapling, juvenile and adult. Whereas the seed and adult stages are usually accurately delimited across studies, there are discrepancies and ambiguity in the categorization of seedlings, saplings and juveniles, which can significantly affect the conclusions of community ecology studies. Here we propose a standardized set of criteria intended for community-level research for delimiting these three stages based on biological and ecological rationales.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assessed the relevance of such standardization by conducting a meta-analysis of the effects of two human-caused disturbances (defaunation and logging) on each early tree life stage and examining differences in effect sizes and confidence intervals among: (1) studies that match our delimitation criteria, (2) studies that do not match these criteria, and (3) all studies grouped together regardless of the criteria they used.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found stronger effects with narrower confidence intervals when considering only the studies that matched our standardized delimitation criteria. In fact, the proportion of significant effects was between 1.7 (defaunation) and 5.4 (logging) times higher in studies matching our delimitation criteria than in studies that do not match them, probably because confidence intervals were 2.3–3.1 times smaller in the former group than in the latter. For logging studies, the direction of the effects changed in 30%–50% of the cases when comparing the results from all data and studies not matching our criteria with the results of the studies matching our criteria, always from non-significant to significant effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings underscore the need for an ecologically meaningful categorization of early tree life stages based on standardized measures to increase the confidence, accuracy, reproducibility and generalization in plant biology and community ecological research. Synthesis efforts will particularly benefit from this standardized protocol.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142540821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fahime Rafiee, Hamid Ejtehadi, Mohammad Farzam, Maryam Behroozian
Question
Rocky outcrops in mountains represent unique ecosystems characterized by a series of stress-inducing features on living organisms. Despite numerous studies focusing on plant diversity and species community composition in these ecosystems, less attention has been given to understanding plant strategies in response to their challenging environment. This is essential, especially considering the existence of numerous endemic species facing climate change and human disturbances.
Location
The study was conducted in six sites located in rocky outcrops and their nearby rangelands across a rainfall gradient (160–910 mm) and under different soil fertility levels in northern Iran.
Methods
We used competitor, stress tolerator and ruderal (CSR) strategies as functional groups to examine the responses of plant communities to environmental variation. The composition of plant species and functional traits were evaluated in ninety 1-m2 plots. The influence of 10 soil and 5 bioclimatic factors on CSR plant strategies was examined along the rainfall gradient.
Results
Our results showed changes in CSR strategies from stress-tolerant species (S) in rocky outcrops toward intermediate strategies (S/CSR) in rangelands. Soil organic carbon, electrical conductivity and sand were consistently correlated with shifts from S towards C and R strategies in rangelands. Silt and sodium (Na) affected the presence of S strategies in outcrops. The stressful conditions induced by a fine soil texture and Na in outcrops were particularly effective in establishing the dominance of the S strategy.
Conclusions
We identified patterns of shifts in CSR plant strategies that align with changes in environmental gradients. Although stress-tolerant species (S) were the dominant strategy in most cases, this shifted towards intermediate strategies (SR and CSR) under more benign environmental conditions. In outcrops, these changes were primarily aligned with soil parameters, whereas in rangelands, both soil and climate variables were correlative. However, these correlations varied between soil and climate factors, as well as between outcrop and rangeland landscapes.
问题 山区的岩石露头是一种独特的生态系统，其特点是会对生物体造成一系列压力。尽管有大量研究关注这些生态系统中的植物多样性和物种群落组成，但人们较少关注了解植物应对挑战性环境的策略。这一点非常重要，尤其是考虑到许多特有物种面临气候变化和人类干扰。 研究地点 研究在伊朗北部不同降雨梯度（160-910 毫米）和不同土壤肥力水平下的岩石露头及其附近牧场的六个地点进行。 方法 我们使用竞争者、压力耐受者和野草（CSR）策略作为功能组来研究植物群落对环境变化的反应。我们在 90 个 1 平方米的地块中评估了植物物种组成和功能特征。沿降雨梯度考察了 10 个土壤因子和 5 个生物气候因子对 CSR 植物策略的影响。 结果 我们的研究结果表明，CSR 策略发生了变化，从岩壁上的耐压物种（S）向牧场上的中间策略（S/CSR）转变。土壤有机碳、电导率和沙子与牧场中从 S 向 C 和 R 策略的转变始终相关。淤泥和钠（Na）影响了S策略在露头土壤中的存在。土壤质地较细和露头土壤中的 Na 所导致的压力条件尤其能确立 S 策略的主导地位。 结论 我们发现了 CSR 植物策略随环境梯度变化而变化的模式。虽然在大多数情况下，抗逆物种（S）是主导策略，但在更有利的环境条件下，这种策略向中间策略（SR 和 CSR）转变。在露头地区，这些变化主要与土壤参数有关，而在牧场，土壤和气候变量都有相关性。不过，这些相关性在土壤和气候因子之间以及露头地和牧场景观之间存在差异。
{"title":"Variation in CSR plant strategies along soil and climate gradients: A comparison between rocky outcrops and nearby rangelands","authors":"Fahime Rafiee, Hamid Ejtehadi, Mohammad Farzam, Maryam Behroozian","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13311","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Question</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rocky outcrops in mountains represent unique ecosystems characterized by a series of stress-inducing features on living organisms. Despite numerous studies focusing on plant diversity and species community composition in these ecosystems, less attention has been given to understanding plant strategies in response to their challenging environment. This is essential, especially considering the existence of numerous endemic species facing climate change and human disturbances.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study was conducted in six sites located in rocky outcrops and their nearby rangelands across a rainfall gradient (160–910 mm) and under different soil fertility levels in northern Iran.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used competitor, stress tolerator and ruderal (CSR) strategies as functional groups to examine the responses of plant communities to environmental variation. The composition of plant species and functional traits were evaluated in ninety 1-m<sup>2</sup> plots. The influence of 10 soil and 5 bioclimatic factors on CSR plant strategies was examined along the rainfall gradient.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results showed changes in CSR strategies from stress-tolerant species (S) in rocky outcrops toward intermediate strategies (S/CSR) in rangelands. Soil organic carbon, electrical conductivity and sand were consistently correlated with shifts from S towards C and R strategies in rangelands. Silt and sodium (Na) affected the presence of S strategies in outcrops. The stressful conditions induced by a fine soil texture and Na in outcrops were particularly effective in establishing the dominance of the S strategy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified patterns of shifts in CSR plant strategies that align with changes in environmental gradients. Although stress-tolerant species (S) were the dominant strategy in most cases, this shifted towards intermediate strategies (SR and CSR) under more benign environmental conditions. In outcrops, these changes were primarily aligned with soil parameters, whereas in rangelands, both soil and climate variables were correlative. However, these correlations varied between soil and climate factors, as well as between outcrop and rangeland landscapes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinyu Li, Sarah Kimball, Priscilla Ta, Katharina T. Schmidt, Diane R. Campbell
Aims
Post-fire vegetation recovery is often determined by the similarity of post-burn with unburned sites because of a lack of in situ information on pre-fire communities. The inclusion of pre-fire data can help account for pre-existing differences and explore recovery also in terms of return to pre-fire conditions. We used long-term monitoring data in coastal sage scrub and grasslands to: (a) examine vegetation cover recovery of different functional groups; and (b) determine whether vegetation composition in burned areas has recovered in 4 years after fire with burned to unburned and pre- to post-fire comparisons.
Location
Orange County, California, USA.
Methods
We analyzed long-term vegetation monitoring (2007–2021) data from 39 grassland and 58 coastal sage scrub transects in southern California, including observations before and after the 2017 Canyon 2 fire. Linear mixed-effect models were used to determine whether forb, grass, and shrub covers differed between burned and unburned sites while considering the effects of year and repeated monitoring. We used canonical analysis of principal coordinates to analyze vegetation composition based on burn status and time of sampling.
Results
Whereas vegetation cover in grassland recovered quickly, native vegetation cover in burned coastal sage scrub remained lowered 4 years after fire, though forb and non-native grass cover were higher in some post-fire years. Community composition in burned coastal sage scrub was still in recovery 4 years after fire when compared with unburned or pre-fire composition. Although burned and unburned grassland differed after fire in dominant grass species, inclusion of pre-fire data showed that this was a pre-existing difference.
Conclusions
Coastal sage scrub had not recovered pre-fire vegetation cover and composition by 4 years after fire, whereas grassland cover rebounded quickly, albeit with shifts in composition over time; patterns that were detected only by having pre- and post-fire data from long-term monitoring efforts.
{"title":"Understanding post-fire vegetation recovery in southern California ecosystems with the aid of pre-fire observations from long-term monitoring","authors":"Xinyu Li, Sarah Kimball, Priscilla Ta, Katharina T. Schmidt, Diane R. Campbell","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13308","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Post-fire vegetation recovery is often determined by the similarity of post-burn with unburned sites because of a lack of in situ information on pre-fire communities. The inclusion of pre-fire data can help account for pre-existing differences and explore recovery also in terms of return to pre-fire conditions. We used long-term monitoring data in coastal sage scrub and grasslands to: (a) examine vegetation cover recovery of different functional groups; and (b) determine whether vegetation composition in burned areas has recovered in 4 years after fire with burned to unburned and pre- to post-fire comparisons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Orange County, California, USA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed long-term vegetation monitoring (2007–2021) data from 39 grassland and 58 coastal sage scrub transects in southern California, including observations before and after the 2017 Canyon 2 fire. Linear mixed-effect models were used to determine whether forb, grass, and shrub covers differed between burned and unburned sites while considering the effects of year and repeated monitoring. We used canonical analysis of principal coordinates to analyze vegetation composition based on burn status and time of sampling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Whereas vegetation cover in grassland recovered quickly, native vegetation cover in burned coastal sage scrub remained lowered 4 years after fire, though forb and non-native grass cover were higher in some post-fire years. Community composition in burned coastal sage scrub was still in recovery 4 years after fire when compared with unburned or pre-fire composition. Although burned and unburned grassland differed after fire in dominant grass species, inclusion of pre-fire data showed that this was a pre-existing difference.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coastal sage scrub had not recovered pre-fire vegetation cover and composition by 4 years after fire, whereas grassland cover rebounded quickly, albeit with shifts in composition over time; patterns that were detected only by having pre- and post-fire data from long-term monitoring efforts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.13308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142439001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naghmeh Pakgohar, Attila Lengyel, Zoltán Botta-Dukát
Aims
Different clustering methods often classify the same data set differently. Selecting the “best” clustering solution from alternatives is possible with cluster validation indices. Because of the large variety of cluster validation indices (CVIs), choosing the most suitable index concerning the data set and clustering algorithms is challenging. We aim to assess different internal clustering validation indices.
Methods
Artificial binary data sets with equal- and unequal-sized well-separated a priori clusters were simulated and three levels of noise were then added. Twenty replications of each of the six types of data sets (two group sizes × three levels of noise) were created and analyzed by three clustering algorithms with Jaccard dissimilarity. Twenty-seven clustering validation indices are evaluated including both geometric and non-geometric indices.
Results
Although, in theory, all CVIs could differentiate between good and wrong classifications, only a few perform as expected with noisy data. Tau and silhouette widths proved to be the best geometric CVIs both for equal and unequal cluster sizes. Among non-geometric indices, crispness and OptimClass performed best.
Conclusion
We recommend using these best-performing CVIs. We suggest plotting the CVI value against the number of clusters because the lack of a sharp peak means that the position of the maximum is uncertain.
{"title":"Quantitative evaluation of internal cluster validation indices using binary data sets","authors":"Naghmeh Pakgohar, Attila Lengyel, Zoltán Botta-Dukát","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13310","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Different clustering methods often classify the same data set differently. Selecting the “best” clustering solution from alternatives is possible with cluster validation indices. Because of the large variety of cluster validation indices (CVIs), choosing the most suitable index concerning the data set and clustering algorithms is challenging. We aim to assess different internal clustering validation indices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Artificial binary data sets with equal- and unequal-sized well-separated a priori clusters were simulated and three levels of noise were then added. Twenty replications of each of the six types of data sets (two group sizes × three levels of noise) were created and analyzed by three clustering algorithms with Jaccard dissimilarity. Twenty-seven clustering validation indices are evaluated including both geometric and non-geometric indices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although, in theory, all CVIs could differentiate between good and wrong classifications, only a few perform as expected with noisy data. Tau and silhouette widths proved to be the best geometric CVIs both for equal and unequal cluster sizes. Among non-geometric indices, crispness and OptimClass performed best.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We recommend using these best-performing CVIs. We suggest plotting the CVI value against the number of clusters because the lack of a sharp peak means that the position of the maximum is uncertain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.13310","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142435219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maintaining forest species diversity, regenerative function and ecosystem resilience begins with successful seedling establishment. Despite their critical role, seedlings face the highest mortality risks among plant life-history stages. Our research aims to answer the following questions: In a tropical forest disturbed by typhoons, what is the median survival time for seedlings, to what extent do light levels contribute to mortality risks and what are the crucial mortality risks across seedling age groups?
Location
A tropical mountain zonal foothill evergreen broad-leaved forest in Nanjenshan Nature Reserve, Taiwan, frequently visited by typhoons.
Methods
We investigated woody seedlings in 75 quadrats (each 1 m × 1 m) every 3 months from October 2009 to January 2018, spanning 8.3 years with 34 censuses. We used the Kaplan–Meier method to estimate seedlings’ median survival time and Generalized Linear Models to identify mortality risk factors for all seedlings and those that persisted beyond the median survival time.
Results
The median survival time for all seedlings was 0.5 years, ranging from 0.25 years for shade-intolerant species to 1.25 years for shade-tolerant species. Seedlings germinated in high-light microhabitats and high conspecific seedling density exhibited higher mortality probabilities, regardless of age.
Conclusions
This study reveals the short survival time and key mortality risks of seedlings in a typhoon-disturbed forest. The negative impact of light levels on seedling survival highlights the potential consequences of increased light levels resulting from typhoon disturbances in the study region.
{"title":"Intense light and conspecific density increase seedling mortality across age groups in a typhoon-disturbed tropical forest","authors":"Yung-Chiau Lin, Kuo-Jung Chao, Guo-Zhang M. Song, Wei-Chun Chao, Chia-Hao Chang-Yang, Chang-Fu Hsieh","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13309","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maintaining forest species diversity, regenerative function and ecosystem resilience begins with successful seedling establishment. Despite their critical role, seedlings face the highest mortality risks among plant life-history stages. Our research aims to answer the following questions: In a tropical forest disturbed by typhoons, what is the median survival time for seedlings, to what extent do light levels contribute to mortality risks and what are the crucial mortality risks across seedling age groups?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A tropical mountain zonal foothill evergreen broad-leaved forest in Nanjenshan Nature Reserve, Taiwan, frequently visited by typhoons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigated woody seedlings in 75 quadrats (each 1 m × 1 m) every 3 months from October 2009 to January 2018, spanning 8.3 years with 34 censuses. We used the Kaplan–Meier method to estimate seedlings’ median survival time and Generalized Linear Models to identify mortality risk factors for all seedlings and those that persisted beyond the median survival time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The median survival time for all seedlings was 0.5 years, ranging from 0.25 years for shade-intolerant species to 1.25 years for shade-tolerant species. Seedlings germinated in high-light microhabitats and high conspecific seedling density exhibited higher mortality probabilities, regardless of age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study reveals the short survival time and key mortality risks of seedlings in a typhoon-disturbed forest. The negative impact of light levels on seedling survival highlights the potential consequences of increased light levels resulting from typhoon disturbances in the study region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142435217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nora Khelidj, Marco Caccianiga, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Duccio Tampucci, Gianalberto Losapio
Questions
The disappearance of glaciers threatens biodiversity and the functioning of ecosystems. Yet, questions remain about the response of functional diversity to glacier retreat. How does glacier retreat influence functional diversity? How does glacier retreat influence the relationship between taxonomic diversity and functional diversity? How does glacier retreat impact community mean and intraspecific trait variability (ITV) of key functional traits?
Location
Four retreating glacier ecosystems in the Italian Alps. Plant communities spanning 0 to ca 5000 years on average after glacier retreat, including a scenario of glacier extinction.
Methods
We quantified functional diversity analyzing twelve plant traits associated to carbon and nitrogen cycling, resource allocation, and reproduction of 117 plant species. We addressed how functional diversity changes with glacier retreat and taxonomic diversity (i.e., plant species richness).
Results
Plant functional diversity decreases with glacier extinction while increasing with species richness. The positive relationship between taxonomic and functional diversity becomes flatter, that is, less important, with glacier retreat. We document sharp changes in functional niche position and breadth with glacier retreat. Key functional traits associated with carbon cycling and resource allocation change substantially with ecological succession triggered by glacier retreat. Traits associated to nitrogen cycling show little change. We also found that flowering start shifted earlier in the season while flowering period increased with glacier retreat.
Conclusion
Our results demonstrate the pervasive impact of glacier extinction on the functioning of plant communities. Changes in functional mean and functional variation indicate shifts in niche position and niche breadth which could have implications for species adaptation to changing environments.
{"title":"Glacier extinction homogenizes functional diversity via ecological succession","authors":"Nora Khelidj, Marco Caccianiga, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Duccio Tampucci, Gianalberto Losapio","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13312","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The disappearance of glaciers threatens biodiversity and the functioning of ecosystems. Yet, questions remain about the response of functional diversity to glacier retreat. How does glacier retreat influence functional diversity? How does glacier retreat influence the relationship between taxonomic diversity and functional diversity? How does glacier retreat impact community mean and intraspecific trait variability (ITV) of key functional traits?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four retreating glacier ecosystems in the Italian Alps. Plant communities spanning 0 to ca 5000 years on average after glacier retreat, including a scenario of glacier extinction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We quantified functional diversity analyzing twelve plant traits associated to carbon and nitrogen cycling, resource allocation, and reproduction of 117 plant species. We addressed how functional diversity changes with glacier retreat and taxonomic diversity (i.e., plant species richness).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plant functional diversity decreases with glacier extinction while increasing with species richness. The positive relationship between taxonomic and functional diversity becomes flatter, that is, less important, with glacier retreat. We document sharp changes in functional niche position and breadth with glacier retreat. Key functional traits associated with carbon cycling and resource allocation change substantially with ecological succession triggered by glacier retreat. Traits associated to nitrogen cycling show little change. We also found that flowering start shifted earlier in the season while flowering period increased with glacier retreat.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results demonstrate the pervasive impact of glacier extinction on the functioning of plant communities. Changes in functional mean and functional variation indicate shifts in niche position and niche breadth which could have implications for species adaptation to changing environments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.13312","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142435218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hanna Tuomisto, Lassi Suominen, Alfonso Alonso, Glenda Cárdenas, Samuli Lehtonen, Gabriel Massaine Moulatlet, Eneas Pérez, Anders Sirén, Patrick Weigelt, Gabriela Zuquim
Aims
Knowledge about species niches along environmental gradients is needed to understand community assembly and spatial variation in floristic composition and species richness. In Amazonian rainforests, such knowledge is largely lacking, although ferns have been used to infer overall floristic and edaphic patterns. Here we explore fern species distributions along an important edaphic gradient, how narrow their realised niches are and how sensitive inferences are to species commonness, data quality and the region being sampled.
Location
Amazonia.
Methods
We used a large data set (1,215 transects across lowland Amazonia) to explore the realised niches of 54 species of two fern genera (Adiantum and Lindsaea) along a soil base cation concentration gradient. We used weighted averaging to estimate species optima and niche widths, and Huisman–Olff–Fresco modelling to assess species response shapes.
Results
Overall, species optima were rather evenly spread along the soil base cation concentration gradient, but Lindsaea optima were limited to the lower half of the gradient, whereas Adiantum optima were more often in the upper half. Most species had unimodal response curves. Mean niche width was ca. 25% of the observed gradient length for Adiantum and 17% for Lindsaea and was only weakly or not at all related to different aspects of species commonness. Species optima were robust to different modelling approaches and consistent across regional subsets. However, the central Amazonian data contained no transects with high soil base cation concentration, so species with high optima were either absent or obtained a lower optimum than in the NW and SW regions.
Conclusions
Our results support niche-related species sorting as an important process that defines species co-occurrence, turnover and richness patterns within Amazonian rainforests. All Adiantum and Lindsaea species, including the most abundant ones, had narrow enough realised niches to be considered useful indicators of edaphic and floristic variation within the rainforest.
{"title":"Species–soil relationships across Amazonia: Niche specificity and consistency in understorey ferns","authors":"Hanna Tuomisto, Lassi Suominen, Alfonso Alonso, Glenda Cárdenas, Samuli Lehtonen, Gabriel Massaine Moulatlet, Eneas Pérez, Anders Sirén, Patrick Weigelt, Gabriela Zuquim","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13307","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Knowledge about species niches along environmental gradients is needed to understand community assembly and spatial variation in floristic composition and species richness. In Amazonian rainforests, such knowledge is largely lacking, although ferns have been used to infer overall floristic and edaphic patterns. Here we explore fern species distributions along an important edaphic gradient, how narrow their realised niches are and how sensitive inferences are to species commonness, data quality and the region being sampled.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Amazonia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used a large data set (1,215 transects across lowland Amazonia) to explore the realised niches of 54 species of two fern genera (<i>Adiantum</i> and <i>Lindsaea</i>) along a soil base cation concentration gradient. We used weighted averaging to estimate species optima and niche widths, and Huisman–Olff–Fresco modelling to assess species response shapes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, species optima were rather evenly spread along the soil base cation concentration gradient, but <i>Lindsaea</i> optima were limited to the lower half of the gradient, whereas <i>Adiantum</i> optima were more often in the upper half. Most species had unimodal response curves. Mean niche width was ca. 25% of the observed gradient length for <i>Adiantum</i> and 17% for <i>Lindsaea</i> and was only weakly or not at all related to different aspects of species commonness. Species optima were robust to different modelling approaches and consistent across regional subsets. However, the central Amazonian data contained no transects with high soil base cation concentration, so species with high optima were either absent or obtained a lower optimum than in the NW and SW regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results support niche-related species sorting as an important process that defines species co-occurrence, turnover and richness patterns within Amazonian rainforests. All <i>Adiantum</i> and <i>Lindsaea</i> species, including the most abundant ones, had narrow enough realised niches to be considered useful indicators of edaphic and floristic variation within the rainforest.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.13307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anaclara Guido, Alice Altesor, Valerie Cayssials, Felipe Lezama, Ana Laura Mello, José Paruelo, Santiago Baeza
Question
Understanding the patterns of alien plant invasions and their underlying drivers is a key step in conserving the remaining native grasslands of Uruguay. We addressed the level of invasion by considering the four invasive alien plants of these ecosystems, Cynodon dactylon, Eragrostis plana, Senecio madagascariensis and Ulex europaeus, throughout the country.
Location
Remnant native grasslands of Uruguay, constituting part of the Río de la Plata grasslands.
Methods
Extensive fieldwork was carried out over five years of data collection, including hierarchically randomized observations (around 2000) nested in 137 10 × 10-km2 squares covering different geomorphological regions. For each invasive alien species, we constructed distribution maps to show their patterns; for the two most abundant, we fitted models to identify the main explanatory variables at different spatial scales.
Results
We found that 77% of the squares were invaded by at least one target species. The level of invasion varied between regions and target plants. The most abundant invasive alien species were Cynodon dactylon and Senecio madagascariensis; while Eragrostis plana and Ulex europaeus were scarce. Cynodon dactylon cover was related to a set of variables at different spatial scales, including climate, topography and several local community descriptors. Senecio madagascariensis cover was positively associated with grassland fragmentation and anthropic disturbance at the landscape, and a few local descriptors.
Conclusions
The large sampling effort at the country level, with a randomized design, allowed for a reliable assessment of the level of invasion of Uruguayan grasslands and its possible drivers. This is an important step in the design of policies to conserve Uruguay's remaining native grasslands. We suggest that the prevention should focus on the Basaltic Cuestas region, while control and containment should prioritize the eastern and south-central parts of the country, focusing mainly on Cynodon dactylon management.
{"title":"Patterns and drivers of alien plant invasion in Uruguayan grasslands","authors":"Anaclara Guido, Alice Altesor, Valerie Cayssials, Felipe Lezama, Ana Laura Mello, José Paruelo, Santiago Baeza","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13306","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Question</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the patterns of alien plant invasions and their underlying drivers is a key step in conserving the remaining native grasslands of Uruguay. We addressed the level of invasion by considering the four invasive alien plants of these ecosystems, <i>Cynodon dactylon</i>, <i>Eragrostis plana</i>, <i>Senecio madagascariensis</i> and <i>Ulex europaeus</i>, throughout the country.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Remnant native grasslands of Uruguay, constituting part of the Río de la Plata grasslands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Extensive fieldwork was carried out over five years of data collection, including hierarchically randomized observations (around 2000) nested in 137 10 × 10-km<sup>2</sup> squares covering different geomorphological regions. For each invasive alien species, we constructed distribution maps to show their patterns; for the two most abundant, we fitted models to identify the main explanatory variables at different spatial scales.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that 77% of the squares were invaded by at least one target species. The level of invasion varied between regions and target plants. The most abundant invasive alien species were <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> and <i>Senecio madagascariensis;</i> while <i>Eragrostis plana</i> and <i>Ulex europaeus</i> were scarce. <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> cover was related to a set of variables at different spatial scales, including climate, topography and several local community descriptors. <i>Senecio madagascariensis</i> cover was positively associated with grassland fragmentation and anthropic disturbance at the landscape, and a few local descriptors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The large sampling effort at the country level, with a randomized design, allowed for a reliable assessment of the level of invasion of Uruguayan grasslands and its possible drivers. This is an important step in the design of policies to conserve Uruguay's remaining native grasslands. We suggest that the prevention should focus on the Basaltic Cuestas region, while control and containment should prioritize the eastern and south-central parts of the country, focusing mainly on <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Cancellieri, Marta G. Sperandii, Leonardo Rosati, Bruno Bellisario, Cinzia Franceschini, Michele Aleffi, Fabrizio Bartolucci, Thomas Becker, Elena Belonovskaya, Asun Berastegi, Idoia Biurrun, Michele Brunetti, Christoph Bückle, Rongxiao Che, Fabio Conti, Iwona Dembicz, Stefania Fanni, Edy Fantinato, Dieter Frank, Anna Rita Frattaroli, Itziar Garcia-Mijangos, Adalgisa Guglielmino, Monika Janišová, Samuele Maestri, Martin Magnes, Giovanna Potenza, Riccardo Primi, Nikolay Sobolev, Nadezda Tsarevskaya, Andrea Vacca, Jürgen Dengler, Goffredo Filibeck
Questions
Semi-natural grasslands in Southern Europe are biodiversity hotspots, yet their patterns of plant species richness are less studied than in Central Europe. In the Central Apennines (Italy), there are large areas of dry calcareous grasslands, across a steep gradient of mean annual precipitation (from 650 to 1350 mm within c. 30 km). We asked: How do these grasslands compare to other Palaearctic grasslands in richness levels? How do the precipitation gradient and other environmental predictors influence species richness? Does this influence differ among taxonomic groups?
Location
Submontane and lower-montane belt of the Central Apennines (Abruzzo and Lazio, Italy).
Methods
We recorded the species richness of vascular plants and (terricolous) bryophytes and lichens in 97 plots of 10 m2, aligning them with the precipitation gradient while maintaining geological substrate and elevation similar. Mean temperature and precipitation were estimated with a high-resolution regional model. A wide array of environmental variables (including soil properties and grazing load) were measured for each plot. Multivariate relationships within and between response and predictor variables were studied with Canonical Correlation. The relative importance of predictors on response variables was modeled with Boosted Regression Trees.
Results
The sampled grasslands were very species-rich in the Palaearctic context. Vascular plant richness was negatively influenced by topographic heat load and soil sand content, but we did not detect a relationship with mean annual precipitation. Bryophyte richness was poorly modeled by the measured variables, although it was positively correlated with lichen richness. Lichen richness had a marked negative relationship with soil phosphorus and mean annual precipitation.
Conclusions
In Southern European semi-natural mountain grasslands, vascular plant richness is driven more by fine-scale edaphic factors than by precipitation gradients. In contrast, bryophyte and lichen species richness is predicted by a mixture of climatic and edaphic variables.
{"title":"Drivers of vascular plant, bryophyte and lichen richness in grasslands along a precipitation gradient (central Apennines, Italy)","authors":"Laura Cancellieri, Marta G. Sperandii, Leonardo Rosati, Bruno Bellisario, Cinzia Franceschini, Michele Aleffi, Fabrizio Bartolucci, Thomas Becker, Elena Belonovskaya, Asun Berastegi, Idoia Biurrun, Michele Brunetti, Christoph Bückle, Rongxiao Che, Fabio Conti, Iwona Dembicz, Stefania Fanni, Edy Fantinato, Dieter Frank, Anna Rita Frattaroli, Itziar Garcia-Mijangos, Adalgisa Guglielmino, Monika Janišová, Samuele Maestri, Martin Magnes, Giovanna Potenza, Riccardo Primi, Nikolay Sobolev, Nadezda Tsarevskaya, Andrea Vacca, Jürgen Dengler, Goffredo Filibeck","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13305","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Semi-natural grasslands in Southern Europe are biodiversity hotspots, yet their patterns of plant species richness are less studied than in Central Europe. In the Central Apennines (Italy), there are large areas of dry calcareous grasslands, across a steep gradient of mean annual precipitation (from 650 to 1350 mm within c. 30 km). We asked: How do these grasslands compare to other Palaearctic grasslands in richness levels? How do the precipitation gradient and other environmental predictors influence species richness? Does this influence differ among taxonomic groups?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Submontane and lower-montane belt of the Central Apennines (Abruzzo and Lazio, Italy).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We recorded the species richness of vascular plants and (terricolous) bryophytes and lichens in 97 plots of 10 m<sup>2</sup>, aligning them with the precipitation gradient while maintaining geological substrate and elevation similar. Mean temperature and precipitation were estimated with a high-resolution regional model. A wide array of environmental variables (including soil properties and grazing load) were measured for each plot. Multivariate relationships within and between response and predictor variables were studied with Canonical Correlation. The relative importance of predictors on response variables was modeled with Boosted Regression Trees.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The sampled grasslands were very species-rich in the Palaearctic context. Vascular plant richness was negatively influenced by topographic heat load and soil sand content, but we did not detect a relationship with mean annual precipitation. Bryophyte richness was poorly modeled by the measured variables, although it was positively correlated with lichen richness. Lichen richness had a marked negative relationship with soil phosphorus and mean annual precipitation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Southern European semi-natural mountain grasslands, vascular plant richness is driven more by fine-scale edaphic factors than by precipitation gradients. In contrast, bryophyte and lichen species richness is predicted by a mixture of climatic and edaphic variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.13305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号