In the alpine region of the Himalaya, shrubs play a vital role in maintaining the diversity and functional composition of associated herbaceous communities through competition–facilitation interactions under varying environmental stress conditions. In this study, we specified the following questions: (1) what is the mode of interaction between dominant shrubs and the associated herbaceous communities; (2) how do differences in resource availability between contrasting microhabitats mediate interactions between shrub and herbaceous communities; and (3) how do dominant shrubs influence the functional composition of herbaceous communities under the canopy as compared to ones in the open?
Study area
An alpine region of the western Himalaya, in India (32.24–33.15° N, 76.51–78.13° E).
Methods
Field studies were conducted to evaluate the canopy effects of alpine shrubs such as Caragana versicolor, Juniperus polycarpos and Rhododendron anthopogon on species richness, abundance and functional composition of coexisting herbaceous communities.
Results
The dominant alpine shrubs of the western Himalaya exert competitive interactions with associated herbaceous communities and have low species richness and abundance under their canopies compared to open habitats. Further, contrary to expectations, competitive interactions were more prominent at higher elevations than at lower ones, especially for J. polycarpos and C. versicolor. Although the shrub undercanopies possessed richer soil nutrient pools, this did not contribute toward the facilitation of herbaceous species under the canopies. Moreover, herbaceous species under the canopies were found to exhibit resource-acquisitive functional strategies, whereas those in the open were resource-conservative.
Conclusions
The interaction between dominant alpine shrubs and the herbaceous community of the western Himalaya is competitive in nature, which influences species and functional composition and reorganizes herbaceous community assembly. Moreover, under future climate change scenarios the dominance of these shrubs will favour those herbaceous species that possess more competitive and resource-acquisitive functional strategies.
{"title":"Shrubs exhibit competitive interactions with herbaceous plants and shape community assemblage and functional composition in the alpine western Himalaya","authors":"Bittu Ram, Amit Chawla","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13269","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the alpine region of the Himalaya, shrubs play a vital role in maintaining the diversity and functional composition of associated herbaceous communities through competition–facilitation interactions under varying environmental stress conditions. In this study, we specified the following questions: (1) what is the mode of interaction between dominant shrubs and the associated herbaceous communities; (2) how do differences in resource availability between contrasting microhabitats mediate interactions between shrub and herbaceous communities; and (3) how do dominant shrubs influence the functional composition of herbaceous communities under the canopy as compared to ones in the open?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study area</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An alpine region of the western Himalaya, in India (32.24–33.15° N, 76.51–78.13° E).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Field studies were conducted to evaluate the canopy effects of alpine shrubs such as <i>Caragana versicolor</i>, <i>Juniperus polycarpos</i> and <i>Rhododendron anthopogon</i> on species richness, abundance and functional composition of coexisting herbaceous communities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The dominant alpine shrubs of the western Himalaya exert competitive interactions with associated herbaceous communities and have low species richness and abundance under their canopies compared to open habitats. Further, contrary to expectations, competitive interactions were more prominent at higher elevations than at lower ones, especially for <i>J. polycarpos</i> and <i>C. versicolor</i>. Although the shrub undercanopies possessed richer soil nutrient pools, this did not contribute toward the facilitation of herbaceous species under the canopies. Moreover, herbaceous species under the canopies were found to exhibit resource-acquisitive functional strategies, whereas those in the open were resource-conservative.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The interaction between dominant alpine shrubs and the herbaceous community of the western Himalaya is competitive in nature, which influences species and functional composition and reorganizes herbaceous community assembly. Moreover, under future climate change scenarios the dominance of these shrubs will favour those herbaceous species that possess more competitive and resource-acquisitive functional strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hang Zhao, Weilin Zhu, Mengjun Qu, Jianming Wang, Shuai Shao, Xun Lei, Jingwen Li
Questions
Stomata can reflect the plant's adaptation to environmental changes. However, the variation patterns of stomatal traits across different habitats and their relationships with environmental drivers are still poorly understood. Here, we assessed the extent of interspecific and intraspecific variation in stomatal traits in two typical riparian forests, and investigated how stomatal traits adapt to habitat change as well as trait–environment relationships.
Location
The Irtysh River Basin in China.
Methods
We measured the stomatal density (SD), stomatal size (SS), and stomatal relative area (SRA) of dominant plant species from two riparian forests: (1) a riparian forest in the valley and (2) a riparian forest in the pediment plain. We analyzed the stomatal trait variation patterns of dominant plant species in different habitats. We then quantified the magnitude of intraspecific and interspecific stomatal trait variability and evaluated the relationships between stomatal traits and environmental factors.
Results
We found that SD and SRA were significantly higher in pediment plain forests than in valley forests, whereas SS was not significantly different between these habitats. The SD and SRA of trees in pediment plain forests were significantly higher than those in valley forests, whereas there were no significant differences in understory plants between habitats. The interspecific variation in each stomatal trait was significantly higher than the intraspecific variation. Stomatal traits were more related to the soil environment than to climatic factors.
Conclusions
Response strategies of stomatal traits to habitat changes differed between species and functional groups, and trait–environment relationships depended on the habitat type of the riparian forest. Our analysis of stomata trait variation implies adaptive strategies in species of natural riparian forest. Insights into trait–environment relationships could be used to predict carbon and water cycling, and vegetation changes in riparian forests of arid regions, especially in the context of climate change.
{"title":"Inter- and intraspecific stomatal morphological traits vary in response to topographic habitat changes","authors":"Hang Zhao, Weilin Zhu, Mengjun Qu, Jianming Wang, Shuai Shao, Xun Lei, Jingwen Li","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13266","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stomata can reflect the plant's adaptation to environmental changes. However, the variation patterns of stomatal traits across different habitats and their relationships with environmental drivers are still poorly understood. Here, we assessed the extent of interspecific and intraspecific variation in stomatal traits in two typical riparian forests, and investigated how stomatal traits adapt to habitat change as well as trait–environment relationships.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Irtysh River Basin in China.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We measured the stomatal density (SD), stomatal size (SS), and stomatal relative area (SRA) of dominant plant species from two riparian forests: (1) a riparian forest in the valley and (2) a riparian forest in the pediment plain. We analyzed the stomatal trait variation patterns of dominant plant species in different habitats. We then quantified the magnitude of intraspecific and interspecific stomatal trait variability and evaluated the relationships between stomatal traits and environmental factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that SD and SRA were significantly higher in pediment plain forests than in valley forests, whereas SS was not significantly different between these habitats. The SD and SRA of trees in pediment plain forests were significantly higher than those in valley forests, whereas there were no significant differences in understory plants between habitats. The interspecific variation in each stomatal trait was significantly higher than the intraspecific variation. Stomatal traits were more related to the soil environment than to climatic factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Response strategies of stomatal traits to habitat changes differed between species and functional groups, and trait–environment relationships depended on the habitat type of the riparian forest. Our analysis of stomata trait variation implies adaptive strategies in species of natural riparian forest. Insights into trait–environment relationships could be used to predict carbon and water cycling, and vegetation changes in riparian forests of arid regions, especially in the context of climate change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141091647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael S. Ross, Susana L. Stoffella, Pablo L. Ruiz, Suresh C. Subedi, John F. Meeder, Jay P. Sah, Rosario Vidales, Peter R. Minchin, Leonard J. Scinto, Keqi Zhang
Aim and Questions
Sea-level rise has been responsible for extensive vegetation changes in coastal areas worldwide. The intent of our study was to analyze vegetation dynamics of a South Florida coastal watershed within an explicit spatiotemporal framework that might aid in projecting the landscape's future response to restoration efforts. We also asked whether recent transgression by mangroves and other halophytes has resulted in reduced plant diversity at local or subregional scales.
Location
Florida’'s Southeast Saline Everglades, USA.
Methods
We selected 26 locations, representing a transition zone between sawgrass marsh and mangrove swamp, that was last sampled floristically in 1995. Within this transition zone, leading- and trailing-edge subzones were defined based on plant composition in 1995. Fifty-two site × time combinations were classified and then ordinated to examine vegetation–environment relationships using 2016 environmental data. We calculated alpha-diversity using Hill numbers or Shannon–Weiner index species equivalents and compared these across the two surveys. We used a multiplicative diversity partition to determine beta-diversity from landscape-scale (gamma) diversity in the entire dataset or in each subzone.
Results
Mangrove and mangrove associates became more important in both subzones: through colonization and establishment in the leading edge, and through population growth combined with the decline of freshwater species in the trailing edge. Alpha-diversity increased significantly in the leading edge and decreased nominally in the trailing edge, while beta-diversity declined slightly in both subzones as well as across the study area.
Conclusions
Recent halophyte encroachment in the Southeast Saline Everglades continues a trend evident for almost a century. While salinity is an important environmental driver, species’ responses suggest that restoration efforts based on supplementing freshwater delivery will not reverse a trend that depends on multiple interacting factors. Sea-level-rise-driven taxonomic homogenization in coastal wetland communities develops slowly, lagging niche-based changes in community structure and composition.
{"title":"Transient vegetation dynamics in a tropical coastal wetland: Sea-level rise, glycophyte retreat, and incipient loss in plant diversity","authors":"Michael S. Ross, Susana L. Stoffella, Pablo L. Ruiz, Suresh C. Subedi, John F. Meeder, Jay P. Sah, Rosario Vidales, Peter R. Minchin, Leonard J. Scinto, Keqi Zhang","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13267","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim and Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sea-level rise has been responsible for extensive vegetation changes in coastal areas worldwide. The intent of our study was to analyze vegetation dynamics of a South Florida coastal watershed within an explicit spatiotemporal framework that might aid in projecting the landscape's future response to restoration efforts. We also asked whether recent transgression by mangroves and other halophytes has resulted in reduced plant diversity at local or subregional scales.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Florida’'s Southeast Saline Everglades, USA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We selected 26 locations, representing a transition zone between sawgrass marsh and mangrove swamp, that was last sampled floristically in 1995. Within this transition zone, leading- and trailing-edge subzones were defined based on plant composition in 1995. Fifty-two site × time combinations were classified and then ordinated to examine vegetation–environment relationships using 2016 environmental data. We calculated alpha-diversity using Hill numbers or Shannon–Weiner index species equivalents and compared these across the two surveys. We used a multiplicative diversity partition to determine beta-diversity from landscape-scale (gamma) diversity in the entire dataset or in each subzone.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mangrove and mangrove associates became more important in both subzones: through colonization and establishment in the leading edge, and through population growth combined with the decline of freshwater species in the trailing edge. Alpha-diversity increased significantly in the leading edge and decreased nominally in the trailing edge, while beta-diversity declined slightly in both subzones as well as across the study area.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent halophyte encroachment in the Southeast Saline Everglades continues a trend evident for almost a century. While salinity is an important environmental driver, species’ responses suggest that restoration efforts based on supplementing freshwater delivery will not reverse a trend that depends on multiple interacting factors. Sea-level-rise-driven taxonomic homogenization in coastal wetland communities develops slowly, lagging niche-based changes in community structure and composition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141078958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Do shrubs negatively affect the germination of perennial grass species in regeneration microsites? We experimentally analyzed the effect of soils from plant patches dominated by two shrub species (Larrea divaricata and Schinus johnstonii) and their propagules on the germination of three co-dominant herbivore-preferred perennial grass species (Poa ligularis, Nassella tenuis and Pappostipa speciosa).
We conducted two simultaneous microcosm experiments. In the first experiment, we sowed perennial grass propagules of the three species alone and combined with non-scarified shrub propagules in Petri dishes with three substrate types (filter paper, inert soil and soil from shrub patches). In the second experiment, we sowed perennial grass propagules of each species combined with scarified and non-scarified propagules of both shrub species in Petri dishes with soil taken from plant patches dominated by L. divaricata and by S. johnstonii. Both experiments lasted 3 months. We calculated the germination proportion and mean germination time (MGT) of propagules for each perennial grass species in each treatment.
Results
Propagules from neighboring shrubs had a clearer negative effect on grass germination compared with shrub soils. Shrub propagules negatively affected the germination proportion of P. ligularis and N. tenuis, and induced longer MGT in the three perennial grass species. The combination of S. johnstonii soil and propagules negatively affected P. ligularis and P. speciosa germination. The combination of L. divaricata soil and scarified propagules completely inhibited P. speciosa germination.
Conclusions
Our results highlighted the complexity of interactions between shrubs with high phenolic contents (soils and propagules) and the germination of perennial grass species in arid environments. Schinus johnstonii soil and propagules had stronger effects on perennial grass germination than L. divaricata soil and propagules. The negative effects of shrubs on microsite quality and germination processes depended on the specific shrub/grass interaction.
灌木是否会对多年生草种在再生微地中的发芽产生负面影响？我们通过实验分析了以两种灌木（Larrea divaricata 和 Schinus johnstonii）为主的植物斑块的土壤及其繁殖体对三种食草动物偏好的多年生草种（Poa ligularis、Nassella tenuis 和 Pappostipa speciosa）发芽的影响。阿根廷丘布特省巴塔哥尼亚山（南纬 42°07′，西经 64°59′；南纬 43°06′，西经 65°43′；南纬 42°29′，西经 66°34′）。在第一个实验中，我们将三个物种的多年生禾本科繁殖体单独播种，并将其与无痕化的灌木繁殖体混合播种在装有三种基质（滤纸、惰性土壤和灌木斑块土壤）的培养皿中。在第二个实验中，我们在培养皿中播种了每个物种的多年生草繁殖体，同时还播种了两个灌木物种的痕化繁殖体和非痕化繁殖体，培养皿中的土壤取自以 L. divaricata 和 S. johnstonii 为主的植物斑块。两个实验都持续了 3 个月。与灌木土壤相比，邻近灌木的繁殖体对草地发芽的负面影响更为明显。灌木繁殖体对 P. ligularis 和 N. tenuis 的发芽率有负面影响，并导致三种多年生草种的 MGT 延长。S. johnstonii 土壤和繁殖体的组合对 P. ligularis 和 P. speciosa 的发芽有负面影响。我们的研究结果突显了酚含量高的灌木（土壤和繁殖体）与干旱环境中多年生禾本科植物发芽之间相互作用的复杂性。Schinus johnstonii的土壤和繁殖体比L. divaricata的土壤和繁殖体对多年生禾本科植物发芽的影响更大。灌木对微地质量和发芽过程的负面影响取决于灌木与草的具体相互作用。
{"title":"Effects of neighbor shrub propagules and soils from shrubby patches on perennial grass germination in arid rangelands of the Patagonia Monte, Argentina","authors":"Giovana Magali Muñoz, Analía Lorena Carrera, Mónica Beatriz Bertiller, Hebe Saraví Cisneros","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13257","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvs.13257","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Question</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Do shrubs negatively affect the germination of perennial grass species in regeneration microsites? We experimentally analyzed the effect of soils from plant patches dominated by two shrub species (<i>Larrea divaricata</i> and <i>Schinus johnstonii</i>) and their propagules on the germination of three co-dominant herbivore-preferred perennial grass species (<i>Poa ligularis</i>, <i>Nassella tenuis</i> and <i>Pappostipa speciosa</i>).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patagonian Monte, Chubut Province, Argentina (42°07′ S, 64°59′ W; 43°06′ S, 65°43′ W; 42°29′ S, 66°34′ W).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted two simultaneous microcosm experiments. In the first experiment, we sowed perennial grass propagules of the three species alone and combined with non-scarified shrub propagules in Petri dishes with three substrate types (filter paper, inert soil and soil from shrub patches). In the second experiment, we sowed perennial grass propagules of each species combined with scarified and non-scarified propagules of both shrub species in Petri dishes with soil taken from plant patches dominated by <i>L. divaricata</i> and by <i>S. johnstonii</i>. Both experiments lasted 3 months. We calculated the germination proportion and mean germination time (MGT) of propagules for each perennial grass species in each treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Propagules from neighboring shrubs had a clearer negative effect on grass germination compared with shrub soils. Shrub propagules negatively affected the germination proportion of <i>P. ligularis</i> and <i>N. tenuis</i>, and induced longer MGT in the three perennial grass species. The combination of <i>S. johnstonii</i> soil and propagules negatively affected <i>P. ligularis</i> and <i>P. speciosa</i> germination. The combination of <i>L. divaricata</i> soil and scarified propagules completely inhibited <i>P. speciosa</i> germination.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results highlighted the complexity of interactions between shrubs with high phenolic contents (soils and propagules) and the germination of perennial grass species in arid environments. <i>Schinus johnstonii</i> soil and propagules had stronger effects on perennial grass germination than <i>L. divaricata</i> soil and propagules. The negative effects of shrubs on microsite quality and germination processes depended on the specific shrub/grass interaction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141053633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vegetation change such as woody encroachment is characterised by changing species interactions, and processes such as competition and facilitation may be inferred from patterns of association between juveniles and mature individuals of different species. Our aim was to apply and evaluate association rules analysis (ARA), a rule-based data-mining technique more commonly known as market basket analysis, as a novel tool to examine the associations between woody species in different demographic stages along a thicket encroachment gradient.
Location
The research was conducted in a subtropical thicket–savanna mosaic (730 mm mean annual rainfall) in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.
Methods
We used a space-for-time substitution approach and sampled woody plants in different size classes at sites representing early, intermediate and late stages of encroachment. All individuals were recorded as occurring singly or in unique clumps. We used ARA to determine which associations between species in different size classes were common overall, and more common than expected, at each of the three encroachment stages.
Results
The most important association rules indicated that Vachellia karroo recruited singly and in large numbers in open grassland and, once mature, provided nucleation sites for a small suite of species dominated by Scutia myrtina. In the later stages, multiple diverse associations were found in increasingly large clumps.
Conclusions
Our sampling approach and ARA proved useful for characterising common species-size class associations, illuminating changing species interactions and recruitment patterns along a thicket clump formation sequence. In studies of vegetation change, ARA can complement multivariate analyses of species composition to reveal specific associations, and it can provide a less laborious alternative to point-pattern analysis for elucidating spatial associations.
目的 木质侵蚀等植被变化的特点是物种间的相互作用发生变化，而竞争和促进等过程可以从不同物种的幼年个体和成熟个体之间的关联模式中推断出来。我们的目的是应用并评估关联规则分析（ARA），这是一种基于规则的数据挖掘技术，通常被称为市场篮子分析，是一种新工具，可用于研究灌丛侵占梯度上处于不同繁殖阶段的木本物种之间的关联。 地点 研究在南非东开普省的亚热带灌丛-热带草原镶嵌区（年平均降雨量为 730 毫米）进行。 方法 我们采用空间-时间替代法，在代表早期、中期和晚期侵占阶段的地点对不同大小等级的木本植物进行采样。所有个体都被记录为单个或独特的丛生个体。我们使用 ARA 来确定在三个侵占阶段的每个阶段，不同大小等级的物种之间有哪些关联是常见的，以及哪些关联比预期的更常见。 结果 最重要的关联规则表明，在开阔的草地上，卡氏囊叶草（Vachellia karroo）单个地大量繁殖，一旦成熟，就会为以桃金娘属（Scutia myrtina）为主的小型物种群提供成核场所。到了后期，在越来越大的草丛中发现了多种多样的组合。 结论 事实证明，我们的取样方法和 ARA 对描述常见物种--大小类别的关联、揭示物种相互作用的变化以及灌丛团块形成过程中的物种招募模式非常有用。在植被变化研究中，ARA 可以补充物种组成的多元分析，以揭示特定的关联，而且它可以替代点模式分析来阐明空间关联，省时省力。
{"title":"Reconstructing thicket clump formation using association rules analysis","authors":"Rhys Nell, Tiffany Pillay, Susanne Vetter","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13265","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vegetation change such as woody encroachment is characterised by changing species interactions, and processes such as competition and facilitation may be inferred from patterns of association between juveniles and mature individuals of different species. Our aim was to apply and evaluate association rules analysis (ARA), a rule-based data-mining technique more commonly known as market basket analysis, as a novel tool to examine the associations between woody species in different demographic stages along a thicket encroachment gradient.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The research was conducted in a subtropical thicket–savanna mosaic (730 mm mean annual rainfall) in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used a space-for-time substitution approach and sampled woody plants in different size classes at sites representing early, intermediate and late stages of encroachment. All individuals were recorded as occurring singly or in unique clumps. We used ARA to determine which associations between species in different size classes were common overall, and more common than expected, at each of the three encroachment stages.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The most important association rules indicated that <i>Vachellia karroo</i> recruited singly and in large numbers in open grassland and, once mature, provided nucleation sites for a small suite of species dominated by <i>Scutia myrtina</i>. In the later stages, multiple diverse associations were found in increasingly large clumps.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our sampling approach and ARA proved useful for characterising common species-size class associations, illuminating changing species interactions and recruitment patterns along a thicket clump formation sequence. In studies of vegetation change, ARA can complement multivariate analyses of species composition to reveal specific associations, and it can provide a less laborious alternative to point-pattern analysis for elucidating spatial associations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.13265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140953103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bruno Paganeli, Junichi Fujinuma, Diego P. F. Trindade, Carlos P. Carmona, Meelis Pärtel
Dark diversity includes ecologically suitable species currently absent in a site, albeit theoretically able to arrive from the surrounding region. Various methods can estimate the likelihood that an absent species is in the dark diversity of a site. Recent developments in estimation of dark diversity have advanced the field, yet uncertainty on method selection might lead to confusion and misleading results. Here, we provide methodological guidance by reanalyzing a data set used in a recently published dark-diversity study (Hostens et al. 2023; Journal of Vegetation Science 34: e13212). Using various approaches to estimate dark diversity, we discuss why their estimations differ, and examine which methods are more appropriate than others for the particular data set. In this study, the hypergeometric method based on species co-occurrences outperformed the other considered methods (species distribution modelling, Beals index). Further, we show how estimations of dark diversity can be combined with a Bayesian framework to examine which characteristics of sites and species are related to their tendency to have higher dark-diversity size (sites) than expected or to be more frequently in dark diversity (species). This paper hopefully enhances confidence in dark-diversity methods, allowing progress in both ecological theory and biodiversity conservation.
{"title":"A roadmap to carefully select methods for dark-diversity studies","authors":"Bruno Paganeli, Junichi Fujinuma, Diego P. F. Trindade, Carlos P. Carmona, Meelis Pärtel","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13264","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dark diversity includes ecologically suitable species currently absent in a site, albeit theoretically able to arrive from the surrounding region. Various methods can estimate the likelihood that an absent species is in the dark diversity of a site. Recent developments in estimation of dark diversity have advanced the field, yet uncertainty on method selection might lead to confusion and misleading results. Here, we provide methodological guidance by reanalyzing a data set used in a recently published dark-diversity study (Hostens et al. 2023; Journal of Vegetation Science 34: e13212). Using various approaches to estimate dark diversity, we discuss why their estimations differ, and examine which methods are more appropriate than others for the particular data set. In this study, the hypergeometric method based on species co-occurrences outperformed the other considered methods (species distribution modelling, Beals index). Further, we show how estimations of dark diversity can be combined with a Bayesian framework to examine which characteristics of sites and species are related to their tendency to have higher dark-diversity size (sites) than expected or to be more frequently in dark diversity (species). This paper hopefully enhances confidence in dark-diversity methods, allowing progress in both ecological theory and biodiversity conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.13264","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140924892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Changes caused by climate warming and nitrogen pollution are observed in forest, grassland and alpine ecosystems worldwide. However, still little is known about the impact of these globally influencing factors on natural rocky plant communities. Has species composition of natural rocky communities changed over time? What is the role of large-scale and fine-scale environmental factors in shaping the compositional, functional and habitat patterns in studied plant communities over time?
Location
Sudetes Mountains, southwestern Poland.
Methods
We used 214 pairs of replots (collected between 1989 and 2022) of rocky plant communities, with a mean timespan of 14.2 years. The changes in species composition, environmental conditions and functional traits were analysed using ordination techniques and generalised additive models (GAMs) and with reference to large-scale factors (mean maximum temperatures, actual evapotranspiration, N deposition) and fine-scale factors (light availability, bedrock type, initial site conditions) for each locality.
Results
Species composition of the studied communities has not changed significantly over time. Only for 11 out of 258 species, statistically significant increases (from 2% to 8%) in their proportion were recorded. The changes in environmental conditions were significantly influenced mainly by fine-scale factors such as changes in light availability and baseline site conditions. Plots that were initially less thermophilic or nitrophilic showed stronger signals of thermophilisation and eutrophication in the resurvey. The influence of large-scale factors was considerably less pronounced. Similarly, the key role in explaining changes in plant traits for the data set under study falls to local factors, particularly changes in light availability.
Conclusions
Our study confirms the validity of considering both large- and fine-scale factors as well as initial site conditions in research on long-term changes in plant communities. Rocky plant communities respond to global changes in a different way than other types of phytocoenose, showing high stability of species composition and functional traits over time.
{"title":"Solid as a rock: The main drivers of changes in natural, rocky plant communities","authors":"Kamila Reczyńska, Krzysztof Świerkosz","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13263","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Question</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Changes caused by climate warming and nitrogen pollution are observed in forest, grassland and alpine ecosystems worldwide. However, still little is known about the impact of these globally influencing factors on natural rocky plant communities. Has species composition of natural rocky communities changed over time? What is the role of large-scale and fine-scale environmental factors in shaping the compositional, functional and habitat patterns in studied plant communities over time?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sudetes Mountains, southwestern Poland.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used 214 pairs of replots (collected between 1989 and 2022) of rocky plant communities, with a mean timespan of 14.2 years. The changes in species composition, environmental conditions and functional traits were analysed using ordination techniques and generalised additive models (GAMs) and with reference to large-scale factors (mean maximum temperatures, actual evapotranspiration, N deposition) and fine-scale factors (light availability, bedrock type, initial site conditions) for each locality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Species composition of the studied communities has not changed significantly over time. Only for 11 out of 258 species, statistically significant increases (from 2% to 8%) in their proportion were recorded. The changes in environmental conditions were significantly influenced mainly by fine-scale factors such as changes in light availability and baseline site conditions. Plots that were initially less thermophilic or nitrophilic showed stronger signals of thermophilisation and eutrophication in the resurvey. The influence of large-scale factors was considerably less pronounced. Similarly, the key role in explaining changes in plant traits for the data set under study falls to local factors, particularly changes in light availability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study confirms the validity of considering both large- and fine-scale factors as well as initial site conditions in research on long-term changes in plant communities. Rocky plant communities respond to global changes in a different way than other types of phytocoenose, showing high stability of species composition and functional traits over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140924893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div> <section> <h3> Question</h3> <p>What conditions drive trait divergence during community assembly through environmental filtering, and why are some communities more trait-diverse than others?</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>An individual-based, stochastic, spatially explicit metacommunity simulation model produced data on species traits, spatially autocorrelated, nested, feedback-generated environmental factors, and resulting community composition. I quantified environmentally driven alpha trait divergence using the correlation <i>r</i>(<b>RE</b>) to measure the relationship between Rao functional diversity and environmental factors. Environmentally driven beta trait divergence was assessed through the correlation <i>r</i>(<b>VE</b>), involving environmental factors and the squared residuals (<b>V</b>) of a second-order polynomial regression of community-weighted means on environmental factors (<b>E</b>). Permutation tests, assuming independence between traits and species composition, were used to establish the significance of <i>r</i>(<b>RE</b>) and <span><i>r</i></span>(<b>VE</b>). Additionally, the method was applied to grassland and soil data collected in plots across southern Brazil. Both simulated and real data were analysed at two spatial resolutions.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Significant <i>r</i>(<b>VE</b>) correlations were frequent with factor interactions incorporated in community assembly simulations, while <i>r</i>(<b>VE</b>) correlations mostly remained within expected Type I error range when factor interactions were absent. <i>r</i>(<b>VE</b>) was stronger than <i>r</i>(<b>RE</b>) at a finer spatial resolution and weaker than <i>r</i>(<b>RE</b>) when smaller community units were combined into larger units. <i>r</i>(<b>VE</b>) for specific leaf area (SLA) was related to soil variables, likely due to their interacting effects with total vegetation cover. When small plots were aggregated into larger units, <i>r</i>(<b>VE</b>) became non-significant, while <i>r</i>(<b>RE</b>) increased.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>Environmentally driven trait divergence emerges during community assembly due to interactions between factors affecting the selection of individuals based on their traits. When the effects of these factors are spatially nested, including hidden, feedback-generated ones, trait divergence arises at the beta or alpha dimension, depending on the scale of the community units. This suggests that plant-to-plant positive or negative interactions, which can feedback on environmental factors and generate heterogeneity, do not necessarily lead to trait divergen
{"title":"Trait divergence in plant community assembly is generated by environmental factor interactions","authors":"Valério D. Pillar","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13259","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Question</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>What conditions drive trait divergence during community assembly through environmental filtering, and why are some communities more trait-diverse than others?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An individual-based, stochastic, spatially explicit metacommunity simulation model produced data on species traits, spatially autocorrelated, nested, feedback-generated environmental factors, and resulting community composition. I quantified environmentally driven alpha trait divergence using the correlation <i>r</i>(<b>RE</b>) to measure the relationship between Rao functional diversity and environmental factors. Environmentally driven beta trait divergence was assessed through the correlation <i>r</i>(<b>VE</b>), involving environmental factors and the squared residuals (<b>V</b>) of a second-order polynomial regression of community-weighted means on environmental factors (<b>E</b>). Permutation tests, assuming independence between traits and species composition, were used to establish the significance of <i>r</i>(<b>RE</b>) and <span><i>r</i></span>(<b>VE</b>). Additionally, the method was applied to grassland and soil data collected in plots across southern Brazil. Both simulated and real data were analysed at two spatial resolutions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significant <i>r</i>(<b>VE</b>) correlations were frequent with factor interactions incorporated in community assembly simulations, while <i>r</i>(<b>VE</b>) correlations mostly remained within expected Type I error range when factor interactions were absent. <i>r</i>(<b>VE</b>) was stronger than <i>r</i>(<b>RE</b>) at a finer spatial resolution and weaker than <i>r</i>(<b>RE</b>) when smaller community units were combined into larger units. <i>r</i>(<b>VE</b>) for specific leaf area (SLA) was related to soil variables, likely due to their interacting effects with total vegetation cover. When small plots were aggregated into larger units, <i>r</i>(<b>VE</b>) became non-significant, while <i>r</i>(<b>RE</b>) increased.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Environmentally driven trait divergence emerges during community assembly due to interactions between factors affecting the selection of individuals based on their traits. When the effects of these factors are spatially nested, including hidden, feedback-generated ones, trait divergence arises at the beta or alpha dimension, depending on the scale of the community units. This suggests that plant-to-plant positive or negative interactions, which can feedback on environmental factors and generate heterogeneity, do not necessarily lead to trait divergen","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140919248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerous studies on community assembly processes have been conducted in natural ecosystems. However, we know little about community assembly processes in human-dominated urban ecosystems. Here, we asked: (1) how are the composition and functional diversity of native and exotic plant species shaped by local environment and landscape factors across urban vacant lots; and (2) how is microbial (bacterial and fungal) community composition influenced by the local environment, landscape factors, and plant species composition across urban vacant lots?
Location
We investigated 69 urban vacant lots in Yokohama, Japan.
Methods
By using a variation partitioning approach, we examined the relative importance of local environmental and landscape factors (including land use and spatial structure) in explaining variation in plant species composition and functional diversity of native or exotic species. We also explored the relative importance of local environmental and landscape factors, and plant species composition in explaining variation in microbial community composition.
Results
The spatial structure of vacant lots determined the species composition and functional diversity of plant communities, suggesting that plant community assembly is determined by dispersal limitation. However, the functional diversity of the exotic species varied randomly, which reduced the relative importance of the spatial structure of vacant lots. Plant species composition as well as the spatial structure of vacant lots were the important drivers of the composition of soil microbial communities, despite a higher proportion of unexplained variation in their composition. Finally, we found an essential contribution of earthmoving methods in explaining the variations in both plant and microbial community composition.
Conclusion
Plant and microbial community composition would be largely determined by dispersal limitation across urban vacant lots. Understanding urban community assembly is critical for predicting plant and microbial communities that play an essential role in regulating urban ecosystem functioning and services.
{"title":"Plant and soil microbial community assembly processes across urban vacant lots","authors":"Kaho Maehara, Yuki Iwachido, Himari Katsuhara, Mahoro Tomitaka, Kensuke Seto, Masayuki Ushio, Maiko Kagami, Takehiro Sasaki","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13262","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Numerous studies on community assembly processes have been conducted in natural ecosystems. However, we know little about community assembly processes in human-dominated urban ecosystems. Here, we asked: (1) how are the composition and functional diversity of native and exotic plant species shaped by local environment and landscape factors across urban vacant lots; and (2) how is microbial (bacterial and fungal) community composition influenced by the local environment, landscape factors, and plant species composition across urban vacant lots?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigated 69 urban vacant lots in Yokohama, Japan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>By using a variation partitioning approach, we examined the relative importance of local environmental and landscape factors (including land use and spatial structure) in explaining variation in plant species composition and functional diversity of native or exotic species. We also explored the relative importance of local environmental and landscape factors, and plant species composition in explaining variation in microbial community composition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The spatial structure of vacant lots determined the species composition and functional diversity of plant communities, suggesting that plant community assembly is determined by dispersal limitation. However, the functional diversity of the exotic species varied randomly, which reduced the relative importance of the spatial structure of vacant lots. Plant species composition as well as the spatial structure of vacant lots were the important drivers of the composition of soil microbial communities, despite a higher proportion of unexplained variation in their composition. Finally, we found an essential contribution of earthmoving methods in explaining the variations in both plant and microbial community composition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plant and microbial community composition would be largely determined by dispersal limitation across urban vacant lots. Understanding urban community assembly is critical for predicting plant and microbial communities that play an essential role in regulating urban ecosystem functioning and services.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140919247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mayra Flores-Tolentino, José Luis Villaseñor, Guillermo Ibarra-Manríquez, Rolando Ramírez Rodríguez, Jonas Morales-Linares, Óscar Dorado
Aim
Biogeographic regionalization classifies zones in terms of their biotas and contributes to understanding the ecological and historical factors that affect the distribution of species. We use Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM) to complement missing information on species distribution and thus improve the accuracy of biogeographic boundaries.
Location
Balsas Depression Floristic Province, Mexico.
Methods
Based on parameters documented in herbarium collections and environmental variables, ENM was carried out to determine the most suitable environmental conditions for a species to thrive (i.e., the species' ecological niche). The ENM and spatial analysis were used to obtain the biogeographic regionalization of the seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) in the Balsas Depression (BD), Mexico, through spatial analysis. Using the Maxent algorithm, we constructed ecological niche models (ENMs) of 134 flowering plant species distributed preferentially in the SDTF (characteristic species), most of them endemic to the BD. Subsequently, we obtained an incidence matrix based on the information from the 134 ENMs, which was used to analyze the turnover of species in Biodiverse software. The turnover matrix was used for Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) ordination and clustering analyses. Finally, the environmental predictors most related to species turnover were identified using the relative environmental turnover method.
Results
The clustering analysis divided the SDTF in the BD into four floristic districts — two located in its western part and two in the eastern region. The NMDS differentiated, in the first component, two districts in the western region and one in the eastern. Seven environmental variables contributed significantly to explaining the turnover of species in these districts; the most significant were the elevation, pH, and precipitation of the coldest quarter.
Main Conclusions
The use of ENM for the regionalization of areas with high species richness allows for a more detailed classification of subregions and the distribution patterns of the species that define their limits. This provides a more solid theoretical basis for the investigation of biogeographic patterns.
{"title":"The use of ecological niche models improves biogeographic regionalization of the Balsas Depression, Mexico","authors":"Mayra Flores-Tolentino, José Luis Villaseñor, Guillermo Ibarra-Manríquez, Rolando Ramírez Rodríguez, Jonas Morales-Linares, Óscar Dorado","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13261","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biogeographic regionalization classifies zones in terms of their biotas and contributes to understanding the ecological and historical factors that affect the distribution of species. We use Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM) to complement missing information on species distribution and thus improve the accuracy of biogeographic boundaries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Balsas Depression Floristic Province, Mexico.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on parameters documented in herbarium collections and environmental variables, ENM was carried out to determine the most suitable environmental conditions for a species to thrive (i.e., the species' ecological niche). The ENM and spatial analysis were used to obtain the biogeographic regionalization of the seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) in the Balsas Depression (BD), Mexico, through spatial analysis. Using the Maxent algorithm, we constructed ecological niche models (ENMs) of 134 flowering plant species distributed preferentially in the SDTF (characteristic species), most of them endemic to the BD. Subsequently, we obtained an incidence matrix based on the information from the 134 ENMs, which was used to analyze the turnover of species in Biodiverse software. The turnover matrix was used for Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) ordination and clustering analyses. Finally, the environmental predictors most related to species turnover were identified using the relative environmental turnover method.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The clustering analysis divided the SDTF in the BD into four floristic districts — two located in its western part and two in the eastern region. The NMDS differentiated, in the first component, two districts in the western region and one in the eastern. Seven environmental variables contributed significantly to explaining the turnover of species in these districts; the most significant were the elevation, pH, and precipitation of the coldest quarter.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The use of ENM for the regionalization of areas with high species richness allows for a more detailed classification of subregions and the distribution patterns of the species that define their limits. This provides a more solid theoretical basis for the investigation of biogeographic patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.13261","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140902660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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