Journal of Vegetation Science最新文献_第6页

Beyond Single Invaders: Disentangling the Effects of Co-Invading Alien Forbs on Sandy Old-Fields 超越单一入侵者：解开共同入侵的外星Forbs对Sandy Old-Fields的影响

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70068

Attila Lengyel

Aims

Invasive alien plants can severely impact ecosystem diversity and function. While the effects of individual species are often studied, interactions between multiple invasive species are less understood. This study examines how Asclepias syriaca and Solidago spp. (including Solidago gigantea and S. canadensis) influence taxonomic and functional diversity in sandy old-fields. The aims are to: (1) assess the individual and combined impacts of Asclepias and Solidago on resident plant diversity and (2) determine whether interactions between these species alter their effects on the invaded community.

Location

Gödöllő Hills, Central Hungary.

Methods

I sampled 80 plots (2 m × 2 m) on sandy old-fields with varying levels of Asclepias and Solidago cover. Plant species cover was visually estimated, and trait data were obtained from databases. Species richness, community completeness, and community-weighted means (CWM) for plant traits, along with Rao functional diversity, were analyzed. Generalized linear and mixed models were used to evaluate the effect of invasive cover on resident diversity and traits, both with and without considering the invasives' traits in community indices.

Results

While Asclepias had no significant effect, Solidago cover significantly reduced species richness and community completeness. When invasive species traits were excluded from the analysis, only the CWM and Rao's diversity of the bud bank index were significantly related to Solidago cover. Including the invasives' traits revealed that their trait values influenced community indices significantly. Asclepias and Solidago cover were negatively correlated, but did not alter each other's effects.

Conclusions

Solidago has a stronger negative impact on resident species richness than Asclepias, which appears neutral. Trait-based mechanisms underlying reduced species richness under Solidago dominance require further investigation. The lack of interaction between these invaders suggests their individual impacts dominate over potential synergies or antagonisms.

目的外来植物入侵严重影响生态系统的多样性和功能。虽然个体物种的影响经常被研究，但多种入侵物种之间的相互作用却鲜为人知。本研究探讨了叙利亚黄花苜蓿（Asclepias syriaca）和加拿大黄花苜蓿（Solidago gigantea和S. canadensis）对沙质老田植物分类和功能多样性的影响。研究的目的是：(1)评估金牛花和一枝黄花对入侵植物多样性的单独和联合影响；(2)确定这两种植物之间的相互作用是否会改变它们对入侵群落的影响。位置Gödöllő匈牙利中部山丘。方法在沙质老田取样80个样地（面积2 m × 2 m），样地覆盖不同程度的牛膝草和一枝黄花。目测植物物种盖度，从数据库中获取性状数据。分析了植物物种丰富度、群落完整性、群落加权平均值（CWM）和Rao功能多样性。采用广义线性模型和混合模型，在考虑和不考虑群落指数中入侵物种特征的情况下，评价了入侵覆盖对生物多样性和生物性状的影响。结果黄花蒿覆盖对植物群落的丰富度和完整性影响不显著，黄花蒿覆盖显著降低了植物群落的丰富度和完整性。在排除入侵物种特征的情况下，只有CWM和Rao's芽库多样性指数与黄花盖度显著相关。包括入侵物种的性状，表明其性状值对群落指数有显著影响。黄花和黄花覆被呈负相关，但不改变彼此的影响。结论一枝黄花对常住物种丰富度的负向影响强于牛蒡草，呈中性。一枝黄花优势下物种丰富度降低的性状机制有待进一步研究。这些入侵者之间缺乏相互作用，表明它们的个体影响比潜在的协同作用或对抗作用更重要。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of a Recent Volcanic Eruption on Facilitation Networks in Shrublands of Northwest Patagonia, Argentina 最近一次火山喷发对阿根廷西北巴塔哥尼亚灌丛促进网络的影响

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70066

Manuel de Paz, Matías Carruitero, Miriam E. Gobbi, Estela Raffaele

Aims

This study examined the impact of tephra fall on microsite conditions and plant–plant interaction networks, as well as the extent to which different nurse species groups with varying traits (evergreen and deciduous) influence the outcomes of microsite conditions and facilitated species composition.

Location

Four shrublands located in Nahuel Huapi National Park, in Northern Patagonia, Argentina (41°11′55.34″ S, 71°19′43.07″ W).

Methods

We selected 10 woody species as nurse species: five evergreens and five deciduous species. We recorded the microsite conditions, species composition and total cover below nurse species and in open spaces during three consecutive years: two previous to tephra fall that differed in their rainfall and one after tephra fall. We determined the facilitated species with the relative interaction intensity in plants (RII) index, constructed facilitation networks and analysed the species composition below nurses and in open spaces. We experimentally determined the tephra effect on the emergence and survival of two emblematic tree species, the native Austrocedrus chilensis and the exotic conifer Pseudotsuga menziesii.

Results

Our study detected significant changes in microsite conditions, species composition and relative abundance due to tephra fall. The characteristics of microsites were changed by tephra fall, homogenising the studied shrubland and consequently affecting the plant–plant interaction. The experimental results demonstrated that the factor influencing the emergence of the coniferous trees under investigation was the thickness of the tephra, rather than the seedling species or type of tephra.

Conclusions

Our findings provide insights into the patterns and mechanisms of facilitation networks in Patagonian shrublands. We found that networks were robust and, despite some decreases in facilitation interactions, the generalist network structure was resilient to microsite changes due to the tephra and contributed to community maintenance. Although tephra fall is a natural disturbance in the region, it is necessary to deepen the implications for the exotic pine invasion dynamics in future research.

本研究考察了麻风落对微站点条件和植物-植物相互作用网络的影响，以及具有不同性状的不同护理物种群（常绿和落叶）对微站点条件结果和促进物种组成的影响程度。位于阿根廷北部巴塔哥尼亚纳韦尔华皮国家公园的四个灌木丛（41°11 ' 55.34″S, 71°19 ' 43.07″W）。方法选择10种木本植物作为护理种，其中常绿植物5种，落叶植物5种。在连续3年的时间里，我们分别记录了两个不同降水的冬前和一个冬后的微站点条件、物种组成和总覆盖度。利用植物间相对相互作用强度（RII）指数确定促进种，构建促进网络，并分析护理区和开放空间的促进种组成。本文通过实验研究了白桦对两种典型树种——智利黄杨（austrrocedrus chilensis）和外来针叶树（pseudosuga menziesii）的萌发和存活的影响。结果本研究发现，由于麻风的下降，微场条件、物种组成和相对丰度发生了显著变化。竹藤凋落改变了微站点的特征，使所研究的灌丛均匀化，从而影响了植物与植物的相互作用。实验结果表明，影响针叶树出苗的因素是毛条的厚度，而不是毛条的苗种或类型。结论本研究为巴塔哥尼亚灌丛促进网络的模式和机制提供了新的视角。我们发现，网络是稳健的，尽管促进相互作用有所减少，但通才网络结构对微站点变化具有弹性，并有助于社区维护。虽然樟树落是该地区的自然干扰，但在未来的研究中，有必要加深对外来松木入侵动态的影响。

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引用次数: 0

The Woody Invasive Plant Neltuma juliflora Influences Plant Species Richness and Soil Chemistry in Botswana 木本入侵植物朱莉花对博茨瓦纳植物物种丰富度和土壤化学的影响

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70069

Tshegofatso Chilume, Kashe Keotshepile, Cate Macinnis-Ng

Aims

Neltuma juliflora (formerly Prosopis juliflora) was introduced to Botswana's Kgalagadi District in the 1980s to combat desertification and bind sand dunes. The species has since spread to the adjacent Gantsi District, and it is currently a pervasive problem in several arid and semi-arid regions. However, studies on the ecological consequences of N. juliflora invasion in Botswana are scarce. We assessed vegetation community characteristics and soil variables in paired invaded and uninvaded plots to explore the impact of N. juliflora invasion.

Location

Savanna rangeland, Gantsi District, Botswana.

Methods

We established 10 × 10 m pairwise plots of invaded (with N. juliflora; n = 20) and uninvaded (without N. julifora; n = 20) communities, and compared them in terms of vegetation characteristics (richness, density, diversity, composition and dominant native species) and soil properties (soil carbon, magnesium, potassium, phosphorous, calcium, sodium, pH, nitrogen and cation exchange capacity) and assessed an invasion index.

Results

Invasion of N. juliflora was associated with a significantly lower total species richness (−19%), native species richness (−26%), forb species richness (−34% lower), total plant density (−22%), and native plant density (−29%), while grass species richness and density were unchanged. Diversity indices were lower in invaded plots considering all plant species, native plant species and forbs. Total nitrogen and cation exchange capacity were 36% and 40% higher in invaded plots, respectively.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that N. juliflora invasion is associated with lower native biodiversity and higher values for some soil chemical properties. As uninvaded plots had denser and taller stands of native tree species, maintaining and protecting native vegetation will likely help slow invasion. Further research is needed to understand ongoing impacts and quantify the effect of N. juliflora invasion on ecosystem carbon storage and biodiversity of non-plant taxa.

20世纪80年代，为了对抗荒漠化和约束沙丘，将Neltuma juliflora（以前称为Prosopis juliflora）引入博茨瓦纳的Kgalagadi地区。该物种已蔓延到邻近的甘斯区，目前在几个干旱和半干旱地区是一个普遍的问题。然而，关于紫叶橐吾入侵博茨瓦纳的生态后果的研究很少。通过对入侵和未入侵配对样地的植被群落特征和土壤变量进行分析，探讨黄绿草木入侵对土壤的影响。地点：稀树草原，甘西区，博茨瓦纳。方法建立10 × 10 m的两两样地，分别为入侵样地（含朱莉花n = 20）和未入侵样地（未含朱莉花n = 20）。n = 20)个群落的植被特征（丰富度、密度、多样性、组成和优势本地物种）和土壤性质（土壤碳、镁、钾、磷、钙、钠、pH、氮和阳离子交换容量）进行了比较，并评估了入侵指数。结果黄花蓟马入侵后，总物种丰富度（- 19%）、本地物种丰富度（- 26%）、forb物种丰富度（- 34%）、总植物密度（- 22%）和本地植物密度（- 29%）显著降低，而禾草物种丰富度和密度保持不变。入侵样地的多样性指数较低，包括所有植物种类、本地植物种类和草本植物。入侵样地总氮交换量和阳离子交换量分别提高36%和40%。结论黄花N. juliflora入侵导致本地生物多样性降低，部分土壤化学性质值升高。由于未被入侵的地块有更密集和更高的本地树种，维护和保护本地植被可能有助于减缓入侵。进一步的研究需要进一步了解和量化黄花N. juliflora入侵对生态系统碳储量和非植物类群生物多样性的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Dry Soils Increase the Impact of Experimental Warming on Plant Community Composition in an Australian Subalpine Meadow 干燥土壤增加试验增温对澳大利亚亚高山草甸植物群落组成的影响

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70065

Melissa R. Gerwin, Shane A. Richards, Elizabeth M. Wandrag, Mark J. Hovenden

Aims

How high-altitude plant communities will respond to climate change is unclear as studies often investigate warming effects in isolation. We asked how a species-rich subalpine meadow community responds to the combination of warmer, drier conditions using experimental manipulations. Specifically, we quantified responses to climate manipulation using Hill diversity, Bray–Curtis dissimilarity and abundance change at community, functional group and individual species levels.

Location

Subalpine meadow, Tasmania, Australia.

Methods

In an orthogonal design, we used open-top warming chambers and rainout shelters to simulate warm, drought and heatwave conditions. Responses of the plant community were assessed through estimates of species cover taken at peak biomass using an array of 400 contiguous 25 × 25 mm cells in fixed-position quadrats.

Results

After 3 years of climatic manipulations, warmed plots were less diverse than their respective controls, whereas neither drought nor heatwave treatments influenced community diversity or composition. Community composition in warmed plots diverged substantially from controls, driven by a reduction in grass, moss and small rosette forb abundance and an increase in sedge abundance with warming, though species responses within functional groups varied. Furthermore, compositional changes caused by warming were most pronounced in drier conditions, indicating this system may be vulnerable to simultaneous changes in temperature and precipitation.

Conclusions

Experimental warming caused a marked shift in community composition of this subalpine meadow, with the greatest response to warming occurring in dry sites. Our results indicate a crucial role of local soil water availability in mediating global climate change impacts on subalpine plant communities.

高海拔植物群落将如何应对气候变化尚不清楚，因为研究通常是孤立地调查变暖效应。我们研究了一个物种丰富的亚高山草甸群落如何通过实验操作来应对更温暖、更干燥的环境。具体而言，我们利用群落、功能群和个体物种水平上的Hill多样性、bry - curtis差异和丰度变化量化了对气候操纵的响应。亚高山草甸，塔斯马尼亚，澳大利亚。方法采用正交设计，采用敞开式暖室和雨棚模拟温暖、干旱和热浪条件。通过在固定位置样方上使用400个连续的25 × 25 mm细胞阵列估算峰值生物量的物种覆盖来评估植物群落的响应。结果经过3年的气候处理，暖地群落多样性低于对照，干旱和热浪处理对群落多样性和组成均无影响。暖化样地的群落组成与对照区存在显著差异，这主要是由于随着气候变暖，草、苔藓和小蔷薇类植物的丰度减少，而莎草类植物的丰度增加。此外，由变暖引起的成分变化在干燥条件下最为明显，这表明该系统可能容易受到温度和降水同时变化的影响。结论实验增温导致亚高寒草甸群落组成发生明显变化，其中干地对增温的响应最大。我们的研究结果表明，当地土壤水分有效性在调节全球气候变化对亚高山植物群落的影响中起着至关重要的作用。

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引用次数: 0

How Do Tree Canopy and Soil Nutrients Drive Distinct Facets of Diversity and Community Assembly in Sub-Mediterranean Grasslands? 亚地中海草原树冠和土壤养分如何驱动不同方面的多样性和群落聚集？

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70064

Sergio de Tomás-Marín, Francesco de Bello, Javier Galán Díaz, Francisco J. Muñoz-Gálvez, Iván Prieto, Enrique G. de la Riva

Question

How do tree canopy cover and soil nutrients shape the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of sub-Mediterranean grasslands?

Location

Valdebezana's valley (Burgos, Northern Spain).

Methods

We measured 10 above- and belowground plant functional raits related to resource acquisition strategies and dispersal ability from four sub-Mediterranean grasslands dominated by species with different biogeographic origins (Eurosiberian vs. Mediterranean). Then, we estimated patterns in taxonomic composition and compared the levels of taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity indices among communities and estimated their phylogenetic and functional assembly patterns, together with the decoupled functional diversity. Additionally, we estimated the influence of tree canopy and soil nutrients in shaping such patterns.

Results

Communities segregated according to their biogeographic origin (Eurosiberian vs. Mediterranean) along a soil resource gradient, matching the economics spectrum expectation. Taxonomic diversity differed significantly between biogeographic origins, but phylogenetic or functional diversity did not. Assembly patterns showed phylogenetic over-dispersion accompanied by functional clustering, with a significant effect of decoupling. Differences in taxonomic diversity were driven by edaphic factors, while canopy closure mainly influenced phylogenetic and functional patterns.

Conclusions

Sub-Mediterranean grasslands are highly rich in all facets of biodiversity (taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional) and in assembly processes. In these habitats, local conditions may influence the structure and composition of herbaceous plant communities, highlighting the fragility of ecotones to environmental variations. Our results underline the need to develop proper management actions to preserve ecotone grassland communities; for instance, the creation of heterogeneous environments combining forest patches with open areas to maximize their biodiversity and functionality.

树冠覆盖度和土壤养分如何影响亚地中海草原的分类、系统发育和功能多样性？位置Valdebezana山谷（布尔戈斯，西班牙北部）。方法在4个亚地中海草原（欧洲西伯利亚与地中海）不同生物地理来源的物种占主导地位，测量了10个与资源获取策略和扩散能力相关的地上和地下植物功能雨。在此基础上，估算了不同群落的分类组成格局，比较了不同群落的分类、系统发育和功能多样性指数水平，估算了不同群落的系统发育和功能组合格局以及解耦的功能多样性。此外，我们估计了树冠和土壤养分对形成这种模式的影响。结果群落根据其生物地理来源（欧洲西伯利亚vs地中海）沿土壤资源梯度划分，符合经济学谱预期。不同生物地理起源的分类多样性差异显著，但系统发育多样性和功能多样性差异不显著。装配模式表现为系统发育上的过度分散和功能聚类，具有显著的解耦效应。分类多样性差异主要受土壤因子驱动，而冠层闭合主要影响系统发育模式和功能模式。结论亚地中海草原具有丰富的生物多样性（分类学、系统发育和功能）和聚集过程。在这些生境中，当地条件可能影响草本植物群落的结构和组成，突出了过渡带对环境变化的脆弱性。我们的研究结果强调需要制定适当的管理措施来保护交错带草地群落；例如，创造异质环境，将森林斑块与开放区域相结合，以最大限度地提高其生物多样性和功能。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of Warming, Nitrogen and Grazing on Plant Functional Traits Differ Between Alpine and Sub-Alpine Grasslands 增温、氮肥和放牧对高寒和亚高寒草地植物功能性状的影响

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70061

Aud H. Halbritter, Joe Atkinson, Celesté Maré, Sam J. Ahler, Emil A. S. Andersen, Pia M. Bradler, Marta Correia, Alexander Elsy, Susan E. Eshelman, Sonya R. Geange, Meghan Hayden, Dickson Mauki, Julia Eckberg, Joshua Erkelenz, Coskun Guclu, Cora Ena Löwenstein, Brian S. Maitner, Marta Baumane, Hilary Rose Dawson, Brian Enquist, Josef C. Garen, Mukhlish Jamal Musa Holle, Julia Chacon Labella, Kai Lepley, Sean T. Michaletz, Bernard Olivier, Courtenay A. Ray, Jonathan von Oppen, Richard J. Telford, Vigdis Vandvik

Questions

Alpine grasslands are affected by a range of global change drivers, including land-use change, climate warming and pollution. How these drivers interact and affect plant functional communities is poorly understood. We used plant functional traits to test the single and interactive effects of warming, nitrogen addition and grazing on alpine grassland communities and assessed the importance of intraspecific trait variation.

Location

Alpine and sub-alpine grasslands in western Norway.

Methods

For three years, we applied global change treatments to test the effects of warming with nitrogen addition, and warming with grazing at an alpine and sub-alpine plant community. We measured six plant functional traits related to plant size and leaf economics, including intraspecific trait variation.

Results

Our results show that warming and nitrogen addition shifted size-related traits in plant communities towards taller plants with larger leaves, and more strongly in the alpine than in the sub-alpine plant community. Warming also affected leaf economic traits, promoting faster traits in the alpine and slower traits in the sub-alpine plant community. Grazing shifted communities to faster leaves (grazing tolerant) in the sub-alpine community and slower leaves (grazing avoidance) in the alpine community. There were no interactive effects between the global change drivers. The relative contributions of species turnover and intraspecific trait variation to overall trait variation differed between origins of the two plant communities.

Conclusions

We show that these global change drivers shift alpine and sub-alpine plant communities in different directions, likely due to differences in resource availability. Our results support the need for site-specific management strategies in these systems.

高寒草原受到一系列全球变化驱动因素的影响，包括土地利用变化、气候变暖和污染。这些驱动因素如何相互作用并影响植物功能群落尚不清楚。利用植物功能性状研究了增温、加氮和放牧对高寒草地群落的单一和交互效应，并评估了种内性状变异的重要性。地理位置挪威西部的高山和亚高山草原。方法采用全球变化处理方法，对高寒和亚高寒植物群落进行加氮增温和放牧增温试验。我们测量了与植株大小和叶片经济相关的6个植物功能性状，包括种内性状变异。结果增温和氮素添加使植物群落的尺寸相关性状向高叶大的方向转移，且高寒植物群落的变化比亚高寒植物群落的变化更强烈。增温还影响了叶片经济性状，促进了高寒植物群落的快性状和亚高寒植物群落的慢性状。放牧使亚高山群落的叶片变快（耐放牧），高山群落的叶片变慢（避放牧）。全球变化驱动因素之间没有相互作用。物种更替和种内性状变异对总性状变异的相对贡献在两个植物群落起源间存在差异。这些全球变化驱动因素使高寒和亚高寒植物群落向不同方向移动，可能是由于资源可用性的差异。我们的研究结果支持在这些系统中需要针对特定地点的管理策略。

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引用次数: 0

A Novel Method for Monitoring Above- and Belowground Microclimates in Mountain Ecosystems Year-Round 山地生态系统地上、地下小气候全年监测新方法

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-09-07 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70063

Raphael S. von Büren, Michael Zehnder, Jonathan von Oppen, Christian Rossi, Sonja Wipf, Sabine Rumpf

Aim

The role of microclimate in influencing range limits and vegetation shifts, especially in topographically heterogeneous mountain ecosystems, has gained attention in recent years. However, disturbance by large animals and snow pressure complicate reliable year-round time series of microclimatic measurements near the soil surface, calling for more robust logger setups.

Location

Swiss Alps.

Methods

We presented a novel, low-cost, and effective method to monitor above- and belowground microclimate in mountain environments year-round that withstands large animals and snow pressure and is suitable for remote areas. Specifically, we customized the widely used TOMST TMS-4 data loggers and tested their functionality and reliability in a factorial field experiment as well as in a regional-scale field study in heterogeneous mountain terrain.

Results

We found that standard TMS-4 loggers were frequently destroyed by snow creep or snow pressure over winter, but customized loggers remained intact. In addition, camera-trap footage demonstrated that only customized loggers were efficiently protected against large mammals, such as wolves, foxes, red deer, and chamois. The customization of loggers had ecologically negligible effects on the recorded above- and belowground microclimate.

Conclusions

With this method, we enable combined monitoring of air, surface, and soil temperatures as well as soil moisture in alpine environments throughout the year, and thus the collection of crucial microclimatic variables for research in mountain ecosystems.

目的近年来，小气候在影响范围限制和植被转移中的作用，特别是在地形异质性的山地生态系统中得到了越来越多的关注。然而，大型动物和雪压的干扰使土壤表面附近可靠的全年小气候时间序列测量变得复杂，需要更坚固的记录器设置。地理位置：瑞士阿尔卑斯山。方法提出了一种新颖、低成本、有效的山地环境上下小气候全年监测方法，该方法可承受大型动物和雪压，适用于偏远地区。具体而言，我们定制了广泛使用的TOMST TMS-4数据记录仪，并在因子野外试验和异质山地区域尺度野外研究中测试了它们的功能和可靠性。结果标准的TMS-4型伐木机在冬季经常受到雪蠕变或雪压的破坏，而定制的伐木机则完好无损。此外，摄像机陷阱镜头显示，只有定制的伐木者才能有效地保护自己免受狼、狐狸、马鹿和羚羊等大型哺乳动物的侵害。订制的伐木工对记录的地上和地下小气候的影响在生态学上可以忽略不计。利用该方法，我们可以全年对高山环境的空气、地表和土壤温度以及土壤湿度进行综合监测，从而为山地生态系统的研究收集关键的小气候变量。

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引用次数: 0

Plant Invasions Reduce the Degree of Nestedness on Warm Temperate Islands 植物入侵降低了暖温带岛屿上的筑巢程度

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70060

Fabio Mologni, Peter J. Bellingham, Ewen K. Cameron, Anthony E. Wright, Yanping Wang

<div> <section> <h3> Questions</h3> <p>Understanding the composition and structure of island floras is crucial for making informed conservation decisions, especially in the context of biological invasions. Island floras are often nested, that is, species-poor assemblages are frequently subsets of species-rich ones. However, the circumstances under which this occurs on islands are often unclear. To gain insight into the processes that shape the composition and structure of island floras, we incorporated taxonomic and trait categories to investigate the relationships between the degree of nestedness of native and non-native plant species and island characteristics. We hypothesise that the degree of nestedness (1) declines with island area (non-random local extinctions), increases with isolation (non-random colonisation), declines with exposure to ocean-borne disturbances (non-random local extinction of specialists with their habitat) and is higher on volcanic compared to sedimentary islands (assembly rules). We also hypothesise that (2) plant invasions will reduce overall nestedness and (3) plant assemblages will be more nested if smaller in size (e.g., grasses, forbs) and not adapted to long-distance dispersal (e.g., wind-dispersed, ferns).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Two hundred and sixty-four islands offshore from northern Aotearoa New Zealand.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We combined field surveys and published data for 1543 native and non-native plant species across 264 islands. We compiled information about taxonomy at the fine (species) and coarse level (i.e., ferns and allies, conifers, monocots and dicots) and categorised each species by its growth form (i.e., graminoids, forbs, woody species, climbers and lianas and epiphytes) and dispersal mode (i.e., water-dispersed, unspecialised, short-distance, animal-dispersed and wind-dispersed). We quantified nestedness by organising species incidence matrices using the NODF (i.e., nestedness metric based on overlap and decreasing fill) and fixed-fixed null models. Finally, we related island nestedness ranks with four island characteristics (area, isolation, exposure to ocean-borne disturbances and geological origin).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Nearly all plant categories were nested, with a few exceptions. However, non-native species reduced the overall degree of nestedness. Nestedness ranks were consistently related to island area and largely to exposure to ocean-borne disturbances, but rarely to isolation and geological origin. These results

了解岛屿植物群的组成和结构对于做出明智的保护决策至关重要，特别是在生物入侵的背景下。岛屿植物群通常是嵌套的，也就是说，物种贫乏的组合往往是物种丰富的组合的子集。然而，在岛屿上发生这种情况的情况往往不清楚。为了深入了解岛屿植物区系组成和结构的形成过程，我们结合了分类和性状分类，研究了本地和非本地植物物种的筑巢程度与岛屿特征之间的关系。我们假设巢性程度(1)随岛屿面积（非随机局部灭绝）而下降，随隔离（非随机殖民化）而增加，随暴露于海洋扰动（非随机局部灭绝及其栖息地的专家）而下降，与沉积岛屿相比，火山岛屿的巢性程度更高（组装规则）。我们还假设：(2)植物入侵将减少整体的筑巢性；(3)如果植物的体积较小（如草、forbs），而不适应长距离传播（如风散的蕨类），那么植物组合将有更多的筑巢性。地理位置：位于新西兰奥特罗阿岛北部近海的264个岛屿。方法对264个岛屿的1543种本地和非本地植物进行实地调查和发表。我们收集了细（种）和粗（蕨类和同类、针叶树、单子叶和双子叶）的分类资料，并按其生长形式（禾本科、草本、木本、攀援、藤本和附生）和分布方式（水分散、非特化、近距离、动物分散和风分散）对每个物种进行了分类。我们通过使用NODF（即基于重叠和减少填充的巢性度量）和固定-固定零模型组织物种关联矩阵来量化巢性。最后，我们将岛屿筑巢性排名与岛屿的四个特征（面积、隔离程度、受海洋扰动程度和地质成因）联系起来。结果除少数例外，几乎所有植物类别都是嵌套的。然而，非本地物种降低了整体的筑巢程度。筑巢等级一贯与岛屿面积有关，主要与受到海洋扰动的程度有关，但很少与与世隔绝和地质成因有关。这些结果有力地支持了选择性灭绝（即，由于非随机的局部灭绝，小型的、物种贫乏的岛屿是大型的、物种丰富的岛屿的子集）和栖息地筑巢性（即，由专家及其栖息地的非随机局部灭绝产生的筑巢模式）假设。结论外来植物降低了海岛植物的整体筑巢度，改变了海岛植物区系的物种组成。岛屿面积对岛屿植物组成的总体影响强调了大岛在保护植物多样性方面的关键作用。筑巢性研究可以提出确定岛屿群落组成的可能过程，并有助于确定优先保护的岛屿。

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引用次数: 0

Key Factors Influencing Post-Fire Vegetation Recovery in Pinus halepensis Forests: Divergent Effects for Canopy and Shrub Species 火后影响halepensis森林植被恢复的关键因素：冠层和灌木物种的分化效应

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70062

Mara Paneghel, Judith Solé, Gil Torné, Teresa Valor, Aitor Ameztegui, Josu G. Alday, Lluís Coll

Aims

Rapid revegetation of burnt forest is essential for recovering ecosystem functioning, especially in the context of climate change–driven shifts in fire regime. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of how abiotic factors (topography, fire behaviour) and biotic factors (pre-fire forest characteristics, plant reproductive strategies, land-use trajectories) influence the recovery of Pinus halepensis forests, identifying regeneration vulnerabilities that could inform management practices.

Location

A P. halepensis forest burnt in 2019 (4000 ha) in NE Iberian Peninsula.

Methods

We established 72 sampling sites within the burnt forest, covering gradients of pre-fire canopy cover (PCC), topography, fire severity and land-use history. At each site, we recorded the abundance of P. halepensis seedlings within a 100-m² plot. We also conducted a floristic inventory of all associated woody species along two parallel 20-m transects to assess woody species cover, richness and distribution. Woody species were classified based on their post-fire reproductive strategies (obligate seeding, facultative resprouting and resprouting) to explore the relationship between functional characteristics and plant distribution along the studied gradients.

Results

Northern exposures enhanced the abundance of P. halepensis, whereas coexisting woody species cover was higher on southern ones, probably due to the contribution of obligate seeders, as fire-responsive reproductive traits vary along the north–south gradient. PCC boosted pine regeneration and species richness, while high fire severity reduced both cover and richness of woody species, likely due to damage to reproductive structures.

Conclusions

We show that the drivers of post-fire regeneration influence in different and even divergent ways the vegetation components considered (canopy and shrub layer), as in the case of aspect. From a management perspective, post-fire forest interventions should be tailored to restoration objectives and to the post-fire vegetation communities that better respond to them.

目的在气候变化驱动的火情变化背景下，被烧毁森林的快速植被恢复对恢复生态系统功能至关重要。本研究旨在全面了解非生物因素（地形、火灾行为）和生物因素（火灾前森林特征、植物繁殖策略、土地利用轨迹）如何影响halepensis森林的恢复，确定可为管理实践提供信息的再生脆弱性。2019年，伊比利亚半岛东北部的一片halepensis森林（4000公顷）被烧毁。方法在烧毁森林内建立72个采样点，覆盖火灾前冠层覆盖度（PCC）梯度、地形、火灾严重程度和土地利用历史。在每个样地，我们记录了100 m2样地内halepensis幼苗的丰度。我们还对两个平行的20 m样带的所有伴生木本物种进行了植物区系清查，以评估木本物种的覆盖、丰富度和分布。根据木本植物火灾后的生殖策略（专性播种、兼性繁殖和再繁殖）对其进行分类，探讨其功能特征与梯度分布的关系。结果北方暴露增加了halepensis的丰度，而南方暴露的共存木本物种覆盖度更高，这可能是由于专性种子的贡献，因为火响应生殖性状在南北梯度上存在差异。PCC促进了松树的更新和物种丰富度，而高火灾严重程度降低了木本物种的盖度和丰富度，这可能是由于生殖结构的破坏。研究表明，火灾后更新的驱动因素以不同甚至不同的方式影响植被成分（冠层和灌木层），例如坡向。从管理的角度来看，火灾后的森林干预措施应根据恢复目标和能够更好地响应这些目标的火灾后植被群落进行调整。

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引用次数: 0

The Presence of Alternative Tree Species in European Beech Forests Drives Change in Functional Diversity and Composition of Forest Floor Plant Communities 欧洲山毛榉林中替代树种的存在驱动了森林地面植物群落功能多样性和组成的变化

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70058

Lukas Bärmann, Stefan Kaufmann, Sara Klingenfuss, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Markus Hauck

Questions

The diversity and composition of functional traits within plant communities have repeatedly been shown to be important predictors of overall ecosystem stability and the provision of basic ecosystem services. Admixing alternative tree species to monodominant European beech forests, a common measure of silvicultural climate change adaptation, is known to affect species diversity and composition of forest floor vegetation. Here we studied whether this adaptation measure also affects the functional diversity and composition of understorey plant communities.

Location

The study was carried out in temperate beech forests of southwest Germany in Central Europe.

Methods

We used the four key plant traits seed mass (SDM), plant height (PHV), leaf dry-matter content (LDMC) and specific leaf area (SLA) to calculate the distance-based functional richness (FRic), functional evenness (FEve), functional divergence (FDiv) and the community-weighted mean (CWM) plant traits of herb layer plant communities. Generalised mixed models were built to test the effects of gradually admixed Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), silver fir (Abies alba), sessile oak (Quercus petraea), red oak (Quercus rubra) and various mixtures of native broadleaves on functional diversity and composition.

Results

The presence of Douglas fir and silver fir was associated with increased FRic of the understorey, silver fir and sessile oak (on base-rich soils only) with increased FDiv, whereas mixed broadleaves were associated with slightly decreased FEve. Regarding CWM trait values, the presence of silver fir (only acidic soils) and sessile oak (only base-rich soils) was linked with increased SDM, Douglas fir, red oak and mixed broadleaves with decreased LDMC. PHV was increased at higher proportions of Douglas fir but lowered in the presence of mixed broadleaves, and SLA was negatively affected by sessile oak presence on acidic soils.

Conclusion

Our results show that herb layer functional diversity and composition are distinctively affected by the diversification of beech forest canopies, which is indicative of environmental changes and might ultimately affect ecosystem functions such as nutrient cycling and litter decomposition. Regarding t

植物群落功能性状的多样性和组成已多次被证明是整体生态系统稳定性和提供基本生态系统服务的重要预测指标。在单优势欧洲山毛榉林中混合替代树种是一种常见的造林气候变化适应措施，已知会影响物种多样性和森林地面植被的组成。本文研究了这种适应措施是否也会影响林下植物群落的功能多样性和组成。该研究是在中欧德国西南部的温带山毛榉林中进行的。方法采用种子质量（SDM）、株高（PHV）、叶片干物质含量（LDMC）和比叶面积（SLA） 4个关键植物性状，计算草本层植物群落基于距离的功能丰富度（FRic）、功能均匀度（FEve）、功能分化度（FDiv）和群落加权平均（CWM）植物性状。建立广义混合模型，测试花旗松（pseudosuga menziesii）、银杉（Abies alba）、无根栎树（Quercus petaea）、红栎树（Quercus rubra）和各种本地阔叶混合逐渐混合对功能多样性和组成的影响。结果花旗松和银杉的存在增加了林下、银杉和无根栎（仅在富基土壤上）的FDiv，增加了FDiv，而混合阔叶的存在使FEve略有降低。在CWM性状值方面，银杉（仅为酸性土壤）和无根栎（仅为碱性丰富的土壤）的存在与SDM增加有关，花旗松、红橡树和混合阔叶的存在与LDMC降低有关。在酸性土壤中，花旗松增加了PHV，混合阔叶降低了PHV，而无根栎树的存在对树胶密度有负面影响。结论山毛榉林冠层多样性对草本层功能多样性和组成有明显的影响，反映了环境的变化，并可能最终影响生态系统的养分循环和凋落物分解等功能。在欧洲山毛榉典型森林的植物群落保护方面，变化最不利的是非本地红橡树和花旗松，而最有利的是本地银杉和无根栎。

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引用次数: 0

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