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Topography and Logging Structure Liana Community Assemblages in an Upland Evergreen Forest, Ghana 加纳山地常绿林中藤本植物群落的地形与伐木结构
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70055
Patrick Addo-Fordjour, Enoch Kweku Boakye, Francis Emmanuel Awortwi, Abena Fosua Dankwah

Aims

Lianas form an important component of tropical forests as they contribute to maintaining biodiversity. Thus, understanding the factors that control them is essential for forest management and biodiversity conservation. However, how topography and logging, as well as their interaction, affect liana community structure is not well understood. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the effects of topography and logging on the structure of liana communities in a tropical upland evergreen forest in Ghana.

Location

Tano Offin Forest Reserve, Ghana.

Methods

We assessed liana community structure by quantifying liana species diversity and composition, abundance, and basal area in nine 20 × 20 m plots, each of three topographic habitats (valley, slope, hilltop) in two land-use types (non-logged and logged-over forests) in the Tano Offin Forest Reserve, Ghana. We measured elevation and slope angle, and quantified host tree abundance and basal area for each plot.

Results

Topographic position influenced liana species diversity, abundance and basal area across the forest land-use types, with the valley habitat supporting a significantly greater values than the other habitats. In the same vein, topographic position was a significant predictor of liana species diversity, abundance and basal area in the logged-over forest, but not the non-logged forest. Selective logging also showed significant negative effects on liana species diversity, abundance and basal area, both across forest land-use types and within slope and hilltop habitats. Similarly, there were significant effects of topographic habitat and logging, and their interaction on liana species composition. Liana species composition was significantly driven by elevation, while liana abundance and basal area were predicted by elevation, slope angle, and tree abundance and basal area.

Conclusion

In view of our findings, forest managers should take into account the heterogeneity of topographic landscapes in their management operations and pay particular attention to areas that support higher plant assemblages, such as valleys. The findings further suggest that logging operations in topographic landscapes should be conducted in a manner that does not disrupt the topographic patterns of plant community structure.

目的藤本植物是热带森林的重要组成部分,有助于维持生物多样性。因此,了解控制它们的因素对森林管理和生物多样性保护至关重要。然而,地形和伐木对藤本植物群落结构的影响及其相互作用尚不清楚。因此,我们试图评估地形和伐木对加纳热带山地常绿森林藤本植物群落结构的影响。地点:加纳塔诺奥芬森林保护区。方法在加纳Tano Offin森林保护区2种土地利用类型(未采伐森林和被采伐森林)3种地形生境(山谷、斜坡、山顶)的9个20 × 20 m样地中,通过量化藤本植物物种多样性、组成、丰度和基础面积来评估藤本植物群落结构。我们测量了每个样地的高程和坡度角,并量化了宿主树的丰度和基材面积。结果地形位置影响了不同森林利用类型藤本植物的物种多样性、丰度和基带面积,河谷生境对藤本植物的支持值显著大于其他生境。同样,地形位置对砍伐过的森林藤本植物物种多样性、丰度和基底面积有显著的预测作用,而对未砍伐过的森林则无显著的预测作用。选择性采伐对藤本植物物种多样性、丰度和基带面积均有显著的负面影响。同样,地形、生境和伐木对藤本植物的物种组成也有显著影响。藤本植物物种组成受海拔高度的显著驱动,而藤本植物丰度和基面积则由海拔高度、坡角、树木丰度和基面积预测。结论:森林管理者应在经营管理中考虑地形景观的异质性,并特别注意支持高等植物组合的地区,如山谷。研究结果进一步表明,在地形景观中伐木作业应以不破坏植物群落结构的地形模式的方式进行。
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引用次数: 0
Do Small Forest Gaps Collect Snow That Prevents Tree Gap Dynamics in Western North American High Latitude Conifer Forests? 在北美西部高纬度针叶林中,小的森林间隙是否会收集积雪,从而阻止树木间隙的动态变化?
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70056
Edward Arnold Johnson, Michille. Amy Ives, Estefania Roldan Nicolau

Question

What are the reasons that tree gap dynamics are little found in conifer boreal and subalpine forests in upland small forest gaps (1 to 1.5 gap diameter/tree heights (D/H))? Location: High latitude conifer forests in western Canada.

Methods

We use a sample of 480 from 2103 small gaps created 40 years ago for forest water management to increase snow and delay melt to assess if tree gap regeneration occurs. We then used two published studies: a ray-trace model of solar irradiance into gaps (Musselman et al. 2015) and a Gap Radiation Model (GaRM) (Seyednasrollah and Kumar 2014) to explain the net short and long wave radiation and snow accumulation and melting in small forest gaps, in large forest clearings, and in closed canopy forests.

Results/Discussion

We find that tree regeneration is rare in high latitude conifer forests because small gaps (1–1.5 diameter gap/tree height) accumulate deep snow that persists into spring and prevents regeneration of trees. Besides the shorter growing season, the cause may be several species of parasitic snow fungi since seed sources are nearby, adjacent conifer trees do not reach into gaps, and the forest floor is not the best for tree regeneration. Finally, the short return time of large lightning-caused crown fires sets the existence time of these small gaps.

Conclusion

Low net short wave radiation in gaps at latitudes greater than ~40° North leads to deep accumulation and slow melt in the spring of snow in these small gaps compared to closed canopy conifer forests or larger clearings. The result is little or no tree regeneration and thus little or no tree gap dynamics.

山地小林隙(林隙直径/树高(D/H) 1 ~ 1.5)中针叶林和亚高山林的林隙动态很少,原因是什么?地理位置:加拿大西部高纬度针叶林。方法从2103个小林隙中选取480个样本,评估40年前为增加积雪和延迟融化而建立的林隙是否发生了更新。然后,我们使用了两项已发表的研究:太阳辐照度进入间隙的射线追踪模型(Musselman et al. 2015)和间隙辐射模型(GaRM) (Seyednasrollah和Kumar 2014)来解释小森林间隙、大森林间隙和封闭冠层森林中的净短波和长波辐射以及积雪和融化。结果/讨论在高纬针叶林中,由于林隙小(林隙直径/树高1-1.5),积雪深,导致树木更新很少,积雪持续到春季,阻碍了树木的更新。除了生长季节较短外,由于种子源在附近,邻近的针叶树无法进入间隙,并且森林地面不是树木更新的最佳场所,因此可能是几种寄生雪真菌的原因。最后,大型雷击树冠火灾的短返回时间决定了这些小间隙的存在时间。结论北纬~40°以上林隙的净短波辐射较低,与封闭针叶林或大面积林隙相比,林隙积雪较深,春季融化较慢。结果是很少或没有树木再生,因此很少或没有树隙动态。
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引用次数: 0
High Root Biomass and Variation in Root Functional Traits Allow Non-Native Grass Species to Invade Tropical Open Savannahs in Brazil 高根生物量和根功能性状的变化使非本地草物种入侵巴西热带开阔大草原
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-07-18 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70051
Soizig Le Stradic, Gabriella Damasceno, Leonardo Farage Cancian, Maéva Donadieu, Johannes Kollmann, Alessandra Fidelis

Aims

Root traits are critical for resource acquisition, particularly in nutrient-limited environments such as open savannahs, and any changes in these traits can impact ecological processes. However, it is poorly understood whether invasive species outcompete natives by competitive superiority in nutrient acquisition (‘exploitation competition’) or by interfering with natives by space occupancy (‘interference competition’).

Location

Cerrado, south-eastern Brazil.

Methods

We selected five sites of open savannahs, each consisting of two paired subsites, that is, non-invaded or invaded by Urochloa grass species. We assessed community-level root biomass and depth distribution in the upper 1 m of soil. We measured root biomass and functional traits for fine roots (< 2 mm) classified as absorptive and transport roots in the uppermost soil layers (0–30 cm).

Results

Invaded and non-invaded plant communities differed primarily in root trait and biomass in the upper soil layer (0–10 cm). Invaded communities showed higher root biomass and root length density (RLD) compared to non-invaded communities, evidencing space occupancy through a larger root system. Species in invaded communities had roots with larger diameters, but lower root tissue density (RTD) and lower root dry mass content (RDMC), commonly associated with fast root spreading and expansion, compared to species in non-invaded communities. Contrarily, non-invaded communities presented a higher proportion of absorptive roots.

Conclusions

Functional dissimilarities in traits related to space occupancy indicate that interference competition plays a bigger role than exploitation competition in the invasion of Cerrado by Urochloa species. Invaded savannahs are characterized by root traits and biomass allowing effective neighbor suppression. As changes in root traits such as RTD can cause modifications in ecosystem functioning, our results suggest that invasive species may modify ecosystem processes that hamper the restoration of invaded savannahs.

根系性状对资源获取至关重要,特别是在开阔的热带稀树草原等养分有限的环境中,根系性状的任何变化都可能影响生态过程。然而,入侵物种是通过在养分获取方面的竞争优势(“开发竞争”),还是通过占用空间干扰本地物种(“干扰竞争”)来战胜本地物种的,人们知之甚少。位置塞拉多,巴西东南部。方法选择5个开放大草原样地,每个样地由2个配对的亚样地组成,即未被乌氏绿草入侵或被乌氏绿草入侵。我们评估了群落水平的根系生物量和土壤上部1m的深度分布。我们测量了最上层(0-30 cm)土壤中被划分为吸收根和运输根的细根(< 2mm)的根系生物量和功能性状。结果入侵植物群落与非入侵植物群落在土壤上层(0 ~ 10 cm)根系性状和生物量上存在显著差异。入侵群落的根生物量和根长密度(RLD)均高于未入侵群落,表明其通过更大的根系占据空间。与非入侵群落相比,入侵群落的物种根系直径较大,但根系组织密度(RTD)和干质量含量(RDMC)较低,根系伸展和扩张速度较快。相反,未入侵群落的吸收根比例较高。结论在空间占用相关性状上的功能差异表明,干扰竞争比利用竞争在尿毒虫入侵塞拉多的作用更大。入侵的稀树草原具有根系特征和生物量特征,可以有效地抑制邻居。由于根系性状(如RTD)的变化会引起生态系统功能的改变,我们的研究结果表明,入侵物种可能会改变生态系统过程,从而阻碍入侵草原的恢复。
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引用次数: 0
Species–Habitat Associations in a Sri Lankan Dipterocarp Forest 斯里兰卡双龙果林的物种-栖息地关系
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70049
G. J. M. Shanika R. Jayasinghe, Pushpakanthie Wijekoon, Tithira Lakkana, C. V. Savitri Gunatilleke, Sisira Ediriweera, Thorsten Wiegand

Questions

A non-random spatial distribution of species in relation to environmental factors is an important mechanism for maintaining high tree diversity in tropical forests. Niche theory predicts that competing species should use the environment differently. However, we have only limited information on the extent to which environmental dependence and the relative importance of different types of environmental factors vary between species. It is also unclear how the environmental dependence differs according to life stage and species.

Location

Here we investigate the environmental variables that determine the spatial distribution of tree species in a 25-ha plot of mixed-dipterocarp tropical rainforest in Sri Lanka.

Methods

We compiled data on the spatial distribution of recruits, saplings, and adults of 57 tree species, as well as topographic and soil variables, and applied methods of spatial point process theory to estimate parametric spatial intensity functions for each life stage of the species as a function of environmental variables.

Results

Most species distributions were significantly associated with at least one environmental variable, with elevation and the first principal component of soil nutrients being the most important ones. With few exceptions, species showed an intermediate strength of environmental dependence, and we observed a striking similarity in the intraspecific environmental dependence between life stages. Finally, only a few species showed for the same life stage strong positive or negative correlations in their intensity functions, while most species pairs showed only weak or no correlations at all.

Conclusions

Taking together, our results indicate that the distribution of most of the more abundant species in our forest plot is influenced by local heterogeneity in environmental conditions, and that their environmental preferences lead to a spatial arrangement where competing species use the environment somewhat differently. Overall, our study provides a nuanced understanding of the complex environmental dependencies that shape tropical rainforest ecosystems at local spatial scales.

物种与环境因子的非随机空间分布是热带森林保持高度树木多样性的重要机制。生态位理论预测竞争物种应该以不同的方式利用环境。然而,对于不同物种之间的环境依赖程度和不同类型环境因素的相对重要性,我们只有有限的信息。不同的生命阶段和物种对环境的依赖性有何不同也不清楚。在这里,我们研究了决定斯里兰卡25公顷混合龙脑热带雨林树种空间分布的环境变量。方法收集57种树种的幼树、树苗和成树的空间分布数据,以及地形和土壤变量,应用空间点过程理论的方法,估计树种各生命阶段的参数空间强度函数作为环境变量的函数。结果大多数物种的分布与至少一个环境变量显著相关,其中海拔和土壤养分第一主成分是最重要的环境变量。除了少数例外,物种表现出中等强度的环境依赖,我们观察到不同生命阶段的种内环境依赖具有惊人的相似性。最后,在同一生命阶段,只有少数物种的强度函数表现出较强的正相关或负相关,而大多数物种对的强度函数表现出较弱或根本不相关。综上所述,我们的研究结果表明,我们的森林样地中大多数丰富物种的分布受到当地环境条件异质性的影响,它们的环境偏好导致竞争物种对环境的利用有所不同的空间安排。总的来说,我们的研究提供了对在局部空间尺度上塑造热带雨林生态系统的复杂环境依赖关系的细致理解。
{"title":"Species–Habitat Associations in a Sri Lankan Dipterocarp Forest","authors":"G. J. M. Shanika R. Jayasinghe,&nbsp;Pushpakanthie Wijekoon,&nbsp;Tithira Lakkana,&nbsp;C. V. Savitri Gunatilleke,&nbsp;Sisira Ediriweera,&nbsp;Thorsten Wiegand","doi":"10.1111/jvs.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A non-random spatial distribution of species in relation to environmental factors is an important mechanism for maintaining high tree diversity in tropical forests. Niche theory predicts that competing species should use the environment differently. However, we have only limited information on the extent to which environmental dependence and the relative importance of different types of environmental factors vary between species. It is also unclear how the environmental dependence differs according to life stage and species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here we investigate the environmental variables that determine the spatial distribution of tree species in a 25-ha plot of mixed-dipterocarp tropical rainforest in Sri Lanka.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We compiled data on the spatial distribution of recruits, saplings, and adults of 57 tree species, as well as topographic and soil variables, and applied methods of spatial point process theory to estimate parametric spatial intensity functions for each life stage of the species as a function of environmental variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most species distributions were significantly associated with at least one environmental variable, with elevation and the first principal component of soil nutrients being the most important ones. With few exceptions, species showed an intermediate strength of environmental dependence, and we observed a striking similarity in the intraspecific environmental dependence between life stages. Finally, only a few species showed for the same life stage strong positive or negative correlations in their intensity functions, while most species pairs showed only weak or no correlations at all.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Taking together, our results indicate that the distribution of most of the more abundant species in our forest plot is influenced by local heterogeneity in environmental conditions, and that their environmental preferences lead to a spatial arrangement where competing species use the environment somewhat differently. Overall, our study provides a nuanced understanding of the complex environmental dependencies that shape tropical rainforest ecosystems at local spatial scales.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"36 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.70049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transiently Richer but Profoundly Changed: Fire Regime Triggers Physiognomic Changes in Sub-Mediterranean Vegetation 短暂的丰富但深刻的变化:火灾引发亚地中海植被的地貌变化
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70047
Lorenzo Caucci, Francesca Napoleone, Giulio Ferrante, Pietro Giovanni Stoppani, Maria Vinci, Sabina Burrascano

Questions

Which components of the fire regime affect plant species diversity? Does pre-fire vegetation physiognomy influence the effect of the fire regime? Which species are favoured by different fire regimes?

Location

Natural Reserve of Monte Catillo (central Italy).

Methods

We sampled vegetation in 58 units across areas that underwent different fire regimes and were originally occupied by different vegetation physiognomies.

We used plot-level species diversity calculated through Hill numbers in (generalised) linear models with components of fire regimes (time since the last fire, fire frequency and severity) and pre-fire physiognomy as explanatory variables.

We identified species related to different levels of fire frequency, severity and time since the last fire through indicator species analysis.

Results

Species richness (q = 0) was negatively related to time since last fire, while Shannon (q = 1) and Simpson (q = 2) diversity were influenced by the severity of last fire, with positive and negative relationships, respectively. Shrubland pre-fire vegetation interacted significantly with severity effects on diversity.

All components of fire regimes favoured annual and chamaephytic species with a Mediterranean distribution, while areas subjected to older, less severe and less frequent fires were characterised by tree species, including deciduous ones, and paleotemperate herb species.

Conclusions

Recent fires increase vascular plant species richness, but only temporarily. Severe fires determine relevant shifts in community dominance. Frequent and severe fires favour the spread of Mediterranean herb species in areas potentially occupied by thermophilous forests dominated by a mix of deciduous and evergreen tree species.

火灾制度的哪些组成部分影响植物物种多样性?火灾前的植被面貌是否会影响火灾制度的效果?哪些物种受到不同火灾制度的青睐?地理位置Monte catilo自然保护区(意大利中部)。方法我们对58个单位的植被进行了采样,这些单位分布在经历了不同的火灾制度和最初被不同植被地貌所占据的地区。我们在(广义)线性模型中使用希尔数计算的样地水平物种多样性,其中火情成分(自上次火灾以来的时间、火灾频率和严重程度)和火灾前地貌作为解释变量。通过指标物种分析,确定了自上次火灾以来与不同火灾频率、严重程度和时间相关的物种。结果物种丰富度(q = 0)与末次火灾发生时间呈负相关,Shannon多样性(q = 1)和Simpson多样性(q = 2)受末次火灾严重程度的影响,分别呈正相关和负相关关系。灌木林火前植被与多样性的严重程度有显著的相互作用。火灾制度的所有组成部分都有利于地中海分布的一年生和变生物种,而遭受更古老,不太严重和不太频繁火灾的地区则以树种为特征,包括落叶树种和古温带草本物种。结论近期火灾增加了维管植物物种丰富度,但只是暂时的。严重的火灾决定了社区主导地位的相关变化。频繁和严重的火灾有利于地中海草本植物在可能被以落叶和常绿树种混合为主的喜热森林占据的地区的传播。
{"title":"Transiently Richer but Profoundly Changed: Fire Regime Triggers Physiognomic Changes in Sub-Mediterranean Vegetation","authors":"Lorenzo Caucci,&nbsp;Francesca Napoleone,&nbsp;Giulio Ferrante,&nbsp;Pietro Giovanni Stoppani,&nbsp;Maria Vinci,&nbsp;Sabina Burrascano","doi":"10.1111/jvs.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Which components of the fire regime affect plant species diversity? Does pre-fire vegetation physiognomy influence the effect of the fire regime? Which species are favoured by different fire regimes?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Natural Reserve of Monte Catillo (central Italy).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We sampled vegetation in 58 units across areas that underwent different fire regimes and were originally occupied by different vegetation physiognomies.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used plot-level species diversity calculated through Hill numbers in (generalised) linear models with components of fire regimes (time since the last fire, fire frequency and severity) and pre-fire physiognomy as explanatory variables.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified species related to different levels of fire frequency, severity and time since the last fire through indicator species analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Species richness (<i>q</i> = 0) was negatively related to time since last fire, while Shannon (<i>q</i> = 1) and Simpson (<i>q</i> = 2) diversity were influenced by the severity of last fire, with positive and negative relationships, respectively. Shrubland pre-fire vegetation interacted significantly with severity effects on diversity.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All components of fire regimes favoured annual and chamaephytic species with a Mediterranean distribution, while areas subjected to older, less severe and less frequent fires were characterised by tree species, including deciduous ones, and paleotemperate herb species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent fires increase vascular plant species richness, but only temporarily. Severe fires determine relevant shifts in community dominance. Frequent and severe fires favour the spread of Mediterranean herb species in areas potentially occupied by thermophilous forests dominated by a mix of deciduous and evergreen tree species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"36 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.70047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phorophyte Leaf Phenology Affects Phorophyte—Vascular Epiphyte Networks in a Cloud Forest in Central Mexico 在墨西哥中部的云雾林中,光生植物叶片物候学影响光生-维管附生植物网络
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70048
Elizabeth Victoriano-Romero, Dulce María Figueroa-Castro

Aims

Epiphytes distribute heterogeneously along their phorophytes, according to the microenvironmental gradient within them. Phorophyte leaf phenology (evergreen vs. deciduous) determines the microenvironment experienced by epiphytes, their diversity and vertical stratification. No studies have evaluated the effects of phorophyte leaf phenology on the phorophyte—vascular epiphyte network metrics. We compare the phorophyte—vascular epiphyte global- and per stratum-network in phorophyte species with contrasting leaf phenology within a fragment of cloud forest in central Mexico.

Location

Fragment of cloud forest in Amatlán de Quetzalcóatl, Morelos State, in central Mexico.

Methods

Epiphyte species and their abundance on each phorophyte and per vertical stratum were determined. Grouping phorophytes with different leaf phenology (evergreen vs. deciduous), we estimated true diversities (0D, 1D, and 2D) and network metrics both for the whole communities and per stratum.

Results

Evergreen phorophytes hosted a greater diversity (1D, and 2D) of epiphyte species and interactions, and a greater network size and nestedness than deciduous phorophytes. In both types of phorophytes, connectance, specialization, and modularity had similar values; vulnerability was greater than generality; niche overlap was greater for phorophytes than epiphytes, whereas robustness was greater for epiphytes than phorophytes.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that evergreen phorophyte networks are more stable than those in deciduous phorophytes. Different epiphyte species have adaptations to the microenvironmental conditions offered by each type of phorophyte, allowing the coexistence of a great diversity of epiphytes typical of cloud forests. To our knowledge, this is the first study comparing the phorophyte—epiphyte networks between phorophytes with contrasting leaf phenology. Understanding how leaf phenology affects the interactions between phorophytes and epiphytes is fundamental for species and ecosystem management and preservation.

目的附生植物根据其内部的微环境梯度,沿其光合体呈非均匀分布。附生植物叶片物候(常绿与落叶)决定了附生植物所经历的微环境、多样性和垂直分层。目前还没有研究评估光生植物叶片物候对光生-维管附生植物网络指标的影响。我们比较了光合植物-维管附生植物的全球和每层网络的光合植物物种与对比叶片物候在墨西哥中部一片云雾森林。位置:墨西哥中部莫雷洛斯州Amatlán de Quetzalcóatl云雾森林的片段。方法测定各植层和垂直层的附生植物种类及其丰度。将不同叶物候(常绿与落叶)的植物分组,我们估计了整个群落和每层的真实多样性(0D, 1D和2D)和网络指标。结果与落叶植物相比,常绿植物具有更大的附生植物种类和相互作用多样性(一维和二维),网络大小和筑巢性也更大。在这两种类型的光合植物中,连通性、专门化和模块化具有相似的值;脆弱性大于普遍性;光生植物的生态位重叠大于附生植物,而附生植物的稳健性大于光生植物。结论常绿植物网络比落叶植物网络更稳定。不同种类的附生植物对每一种类型的附生植物所提供的微环境条件都具有适应性,从而使云雾森林中典型的附生植物多样性得以共存。据我们所知,这是第一个比较具有不同叶片物候的光生植物之间的光生-附生网络的研究。了解叶片物候如何影响光合植物和附生植物之间的相互作用是物种和生态系统管理和保护的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Differential Response of Community Biomass Temporal- and Spatial- Stabilities to Nitrogen Addition in an Alpine Meadow on the Tibetan Plateau 青藏高原高寒草甸群落生物量时空稳定性对氮添加的差异响应
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70046
Yang Bai, Wenjun Wang, Zhenyu Luo, Tong'an Wei, Pengfei Zhang

Questions

Community-level stability includes both temporal and spatial dimensions, yet most research has focused on temporal aspects. While considerable progress has been made in understanding community-level temporal stability (α temporal stability), including its interactions with temporal stability at smaller scales (e.g., population or species level) and broader spatial scales (β and γ temporal stability), our understanding of spatial stability at the same community level (α spatial stability or spatial autocorrelation) and its connections to species-level spatial stability and spatial asynchrony remains limited.

Location

An alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau, China.

Methods

Using 5 years of data from a nitrogen addition experiment conducted in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau, we examine the impacts of nitrogen addition on both temporal and spatial stabilities of community biomass, considering species richness, asynchrony, and stability of all species, as well as of dominant and other non-dominant species.

Results

Nitrogen addition influenced the temporal and spatial stability of community biomass by altering the temporal and spatial asynchrony of dominant species and of the overall species level. In this alpine meadow with high species richness, temporal stability of community biomass increased despite a decline in species richness, while spatial stability of community biomass remained unaffected. These results suggest that dominant species dynamics can enhance temporal stability under nutrient enrichment, even as diversity decreases.

Conclusion

Dominant species play a key role in regulating the temporal and spatial stability of community biomass, and the two dimensions of stability respond differently to nitrogen addition. These findings emphasize the importance of incorporating both spatial and temporal facets of stability into ecological theory and ecosystem management under global change.

社区水平的稳定性包括时间和空间两个维度,但大多数研究都集中在时间方面。虽然在了解群落水平的时间稳定性(α时间稳定性),包括其与更小尺度(如种群或物种水平)和更大空间尺度(β和γ时间稳定性)的时间稳定性的相互作用方面取得了相当大的进展,我们对同一群落水平的空间稳定性(α空间稳定性或空间自相关)及其与物种水平的空间稳定性和空间不同步的联系的理解仍然有限。位于中国青藏高原的高山草甸。方法利用青藏高原高寒草甸5年的氮添加实验数据,从物种丰富度、非同步性和稳定性、优势种和其他非优势种两方面考察氮添加对群落生物量时空稳定性的影响。结果氮素添加通过改变优势种和总体物种水平的时空非同时性影响群落生物量的时空稳定性。在物种丰富度较高的高寒草甸,群落生物量的时间稳定性有所提高,但物种丰富度有所下降,而群落生物量的空间稳定性未受影响。这些结果表明,即使多样性减少,优势种动态也能增强养分富集下的时间稳定性。结论优势种在调节群落生物量的时空稳定性中起关键作用,且稳定性的两个维度对氮素添加的响应不同。这些发现强调了在全球变化下将稳定性的空间和时间两个方面纳入生态学理论和生态系统管理的重要性。
{"title":"Differential Response of Community Biomass Temporal- and Spatial- Stabilities to Nitrogen Addition in an Alpine Meadow on the Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Yang Bai,&nbsp;Wenjun Wang,&nbsp;Zhenyu Luo,&nbsp;Tong'an Wei,&nbsp;Pengfei Zhang","doi":"10.1111/jvs.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Community-level stability includes both temporal and spatial dimensions, yet most research has focused on temporal aspects. While considerable progress has been made in understanding community-level temporal stability (<i>α</i> temporal stability), including its interactions with temporal stability at smaller scales (e.g., population or species level) and broader spatial scales (<i>β</i> and <i>γ</i> temporal stability), our understanding of spatial stability at the same community level (<i>α</i> spatial stability or spatial autocorrelation) and its connections to species-level spatial stability and spatial asynchrony remains limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau, China.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using 5 years of data from a nitrogen addition experiment conducted in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau, we examine the impacts of nitrogen addition on both temporal and spatial stabilities of community biomass, considering species richness, asynchrony, and stability of all species, as well as of dominant and other non-dominant species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nitrogen addition influenced the temporal and spatial stability of community biomass by altering the temporal and spatial asynchrony of dominant species and of the overall species level. In this alpine meadow with high species richness, temporal stability of community biomass increased despite a decline in species richness, while spatial stability of community biomass remained unaffected. These results suggest that dominant species dynamics can enhance temporal stability under nutrient enrichment, even as diversity decreases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dominant species play a key role in regulating the temporal and spatial stability of community biomass, and the two dimensions of stability respond differently to nitrogen addition. These findings emphasize the importance of incorporating both spatial and temporal facets of stability into ecological theory and ecosystem management under global change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"36 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.70046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diversity Patterns of Tree Communities Across Multiple Flood Gradients With Separate Fire Histories: Unveiling Patterns in a Wetland Ecosystem 不同火灾历史下不同洪水梯度下树木群落的多样性模式:揭示湿地生态系统的模式
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70044
Allan H. de Almeida Souza, Arnildo Pott, Francielli Bao, Geraldo Alves Damasceno-Junior

Question

How do fire and flooding, acting as ecological filters separately and in combination, influence species richness, taxonomic diversity, functional diversity, and phylogenetic diversity in tree communities along a flood gradient with varying fire histories?

Location

Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

Methods

We sampled trees in 45 forest patches along a flood gradient, assessing species richness, alpha and beta taxonomic diversity, functional diversity, and phylogenetic diversity. Fire histories were categorized as 25, 13, and 2 years without fire (1997, 2009, 2020, respectively). Alpha diversity was estimated using Hill numbers, beta diversity via the Sørensen Index, and functional and phylogenetic diversity through the standardized effect size of mean pairwise distance (SES-MPD). A total of 321 plots were analyzed.

Results

Functional diversity increased along the flood gradient, promoting environmental heterogeneity. However, in recently burned areas, species richness, alpha taxonomic diversity, and functional diversity declined. The positive effect of flooding on functional diversity was reduced in recently burned areas, suggesting fire selectively removes flood-adapted but fire-sensitive species. Beta diversity analysis revealed a nested pattern, with species in recently burned areas forming subsets of older communities, indicating strong environmental filtering. Phylogenetic diversity remained stable across fire and flood gradients, suggesting fire filters species within lineages rather than altering evolutionary relationships.

Conclusions

Fire and flooding shape species richness, taxonomic diversity, and functional diversity in the Pantanal. Flooding enhances functional diversity, while fire reduces alpha and functional diversity, leading to species loss and functional homogenization. Strong adaptive trade-offs limit species' tolerance to both disturbances. Recently burned areas contain subsets of older communities, emphasizing the role of fire-free intervals in biodiversity recovery. As fire frequency increases due to climate change and human activity, conservation strategies should prioritize fire management and integrate hydrological dynamics into conservation planning to maintain wetland resilience.

火灾和洪水分别或联合作为生态过滤器,如何影响具有不同火灾历史的洪水梯度下树木群落的物种丰富度、分类多样性、功能多样性和系统发育多样性?位置潘塔纳尔,南马托格罗索州,巴西。方法对45个森林斑块进行物种丰富度、α和β分类多样性、功能多样性和系统发育多样性评估。火灾史分为25年、13年和2年(分别为1997年、2009年和2020年)。α多样性通过Hill数估算,β多样性通过Sørensen指数估算,功能和系统发育多样性通过平均两两距离的标准化效应大小(SES-MPD)估算。共分析了321个样地。结果功能多样性沿洪水梯度增加,促进了环境异质性。然而,在最近被烧毁的地区,物种丰富度、α分类多样性和功能多样性都有所下降。在最近被烧毁的地区,洪水对功能多样性的积极影响减弱,这表明火灾选择性地消除了适应洪水但对火灾敏感的物种。Beta多样性分析揭示了一种嵌套模式,在最近被烧毁的地区,物种形成了旧群落的子集,表明强烈的环境过滤。系统发育多样性在火灾和洪水梯度中保持稳定,表明火灾过滤了谱系内的物种,而不是改变了进化关系。结论火灾和洪水影响了潘塔纳尔湿地的物种丰富度、分类多样性和功能多样性。洪水增强了功能多样性,而火灾降低了α和功能多样性,导致物种丧失和功能同质化。强适应性权衡限制了物种对这两种干扰的容忍度。最近被烧毁的地区包含了旧社区的子集,强调了无火间隔在生物多样性恢复中的作用。随着气候变化和人类活动导致的火灾频率增加,保护策略应优先考虑火灾管理,并将水文动力学纳入保护规划,以保持湿地的恢复力。
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引用次数: 0
Seed Bank and Ashfalls: The Ecological Resetting Effect of the Recent Tajogaite Volcano Eruption in the Canary Pine Forest (La Palma, Spain) 种子库和灰落:近期Tajogaite火山喷发对金丝雀松林的生态重置效应(西班牙拉帕尔马)
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70045
Félix Manuel Medina, María Guerrero-Campos, Guillermo Hernández Martín, Thomas Boulesteix, Frank Weiser, Anna Walentowitz, Anke Jentsch, Carl Beierkuhnlein, Patricia Marrero, Christopher Shatto, Víctor Chano, Manuel Nogales
<div> <section> <h3> Question</h3> <p>Tephra deposition is one of the most critical sudden alterations caused by volcanic eruptions in ecosystems. Tephra accumulation on the ground decreases with distance from the crater. The effect of ash deposition on the seed bank and its subsequent germination success has previously been studied by removing the tephra from the soil. However, conducting controlled experiments on the effect of tephra thickness on the seed bank and its seedling emergence capacity is a new approach to tackle and quantify recruitment mechanisms. Here, we present the first experimental study of the impact of tephra layer thickness on the seed bank combined with field surveys on seedling emergence.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Tajogaite volcano, Cumbre Vieja Ridge, La Palma, Canary Islands.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>The study includes a controlled experiment and a field survey along a gradient from the volcano crater to the perimeter within the Canary Island's pine forest. In the experiment, six tephra thickness categories were used to bury seeds (1, 5, 10, 45, 75 and 150 cm) based on observatory evidence corresponding to the distance away from the crater (7, 4, 2, 1.5, 0.75 and 0.15 km, respectively). Seeds were collected from the four most characteristic endemic pine forest species, representing different seed sizes and growth forms: <i>Pinus canariensis</i> (Pinaceae, tree), <i>Chamaecytisus proliferus</i> (Fabaceae, shrub), <i>Lotus campylocladus</i> (Fabaceae, forb) and <i>Cistus symphytifolius</i> (Cystaceae, shrub). One hundred seeds of each species were used per treatment (2800 seeds). In the field survey, we randomly established six quadrats (30 × 30 m) at the same distance from the crater as indicated above. Seedlings (< 5 cm in height) from natural regeneration were counted every three months.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>After 18 months under ash, germination in the experiment was only detected in the treatments of control (germination rate of <i>P. canariensis</i> = 71%, <i>Ch. proliferus</i> = 13%, <i>L. campylocladus</i> = 24%, <i>C. symphytifolius</i> = 1%), and at 1 cm (51%, 18%, 11%, 1%) and 5 cm (5%, 4%, 0%, 0%) of ash depth.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>The massive ashfall during this eruption completely and suddenly dysfunctionalized the seed bank as a reservoir of recruitment in areas within a radius of approximately 5 km from the crat
火山沉积是由火山爆发引起的生态系统中最重要的突然变化之一。在地面上的Tephra堆积随着离火山口的距离而减少。灰沉降对种子库及其随后发芽成功的影响已经通过从土壤中除去麻黄进行了研究。然而,通过对照试验研究麻黄厚度对种子库及其出苗能力的影响,是研究和量化种子库招募机制的新途径。本文首次结合田间出苗调查,进行了麻黄层厚度对种子库影响的实验研究。地点:Tajogaite火山,Cumbre Vieja Ridge, La Palma, Canary Islands。方法本研究包括对照实验和沿着从火山口到加那利岛松林周边的梯度进行实地调查。在实验中,根据距离陨石坑的距离(分别为7、4、2、1.5、0.75和0.15 km)对应的观测证据,采用6种tephra厚度类别(1、5、10、45、75和150 cm)进行种子埋地。本研究收集了4种最具特色的松林特有物种的种子,它们分别是:Pinus canariensis(松科,乔木)、Chamaecytisus proliferus(豆科,灌木)、lotuscampylocladus(豆科,灌木)和Cistus symphytifolius(囊科,灌木),具有不同的种子大小和生长形式。每处理各树种种子100粒(2800粒)。在野外调查中,我们如上所示,在距离陨石坑相同的距离上随机建立了6个30 × 30 m的样方。每三个月对自然再生的幼苗(5厘米高)进行计数。结果灰处理18个月后,只有对照处理(canariensis = 71%, Ch. proliferus = 13%, L. campylocladus = 24%, C. symphytifolius = 1%)和1 cm(51%, 18%, 11%, 1%)和5 cm(5%, 4%, 0%, 0%)的灰处理能检测到发芽率。火山喷发期间的大量火山灰突然完全破坏了火山口半径约5公里范围内的种子库(至今仍埋在5厘米厚的火山灰层下)作为补充水库的功能。因此,我们为最近的火山喷发将深刻改变加那利岛大片松林内植物群落动态和组成的假设提供了证据。
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引用次数: 0
Plant–Soil Feedback Does Not Contribute to the Competitive Outcome Between Invasive and Resident Native Species in a Species-Rich Grassland 在物种丰富的草原上,植物-土壤反馈对入侵物种和本地物种之间的竞争结果没有贡献
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70042
Annamária Fenesi, Lilla Szőcs, Péter Török, Eszter Ruprecht

Question

Native and invasive species interact simultaneously with each other and with their species-specific soil biota, yet the relative importance of native plant–soil feedback (PSF) on the outcome of competition between these species with different origins is poorly understood. Therefore, we studied the influence of native PSF on the performance of two invasive and two native target species in two situations: (1) when the species were grown alone, and (2) when the target species were grown in pairwise competitive setup with the native conditioning species. We also tested the importance of phylogenetic relatedness between target and conditioning species on the simultaneous effect of PSF and competition.

Location

Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Methods

We used native species from a semi-dry grassland dominated by Brachypodium pinnatum and Festuca rupicola to study how their species-specific PSFs affect the performance of invasive (Solidago canadensis, Erigeron canadensis) and native (Centaurea jacea, Crepis foetida) Asteraceae species. In the first year, soil was conditioned by six native grassland species (three Asteraceae and three species from other families); while in the second year, we performed a pairwise competition experiment in pots between the four target and six native species in conditioned and control soils.

Results

We found that although the native species exerted a strong negative PSF on the performance of the target species, this effect mostly disappeared in the real presence of the native competitors. We also showed that the identity of native resident species is more important in determining PSF and competitive outcome than whether it is dominant or subordinate, or whether it is phylogenetically related to the target species.

Conclusions

We showed that PSF of native species may not influence the competitive outcome between invasive and resident native species, thus PSF does not significantly contribute to the invasion resistance of the studied grassland community.

原生物种和入侵物种同时相互作用,并与物种特有的土壤生物群相互作用,但原生植物-土壤反馈(PSF)对这些不同起源物种之间竞争结果的相对重要性知之甚少。因此,我们研究了两种情况下(1)入侵种和两种本地目标种单独生长和(2)目标种与本地调节种成对竞争生长时,本地PSF对两种入侵种和两种本地目标种性能的影响。我们还测试了目标物种和调节物种之间的系统发育亲缘关系对PSF和竞争同时效应的重要性。地点克卢日-纳波卡,罗马尼亚。方法以半干旱区短尾草和羊茅为优势种的本地种为研究对象,研究其物种特异性psf对入侵种(加拿大一枝黄花、加拿大毛茛)和本地种(半毛茛、Crepis foetida)的影响。第一年,土壤由6种原生草地物种(3种菊科和3种其他科)调节;第二年,我们在条件土壤和对照土壤中进行了4种目标种和6种本地种的盆栽配对竞争试验。结果发现,虽然本地物种对目标物种的表现有很强的负PSF影响,但这种影响在本地竞争对手存在时基本消失。我们还表明,在决定PSF和竞争结果方面,本地居民物种的身份比它是优势还是从属,或者它是否与目标物种有系统发育关系更重要。结论本研究表明,本地物种的PSF可能不会影响入侵物种与常驻物种之间的竞争结果,因此PSF对研究草地群落的入侵抵抗能力没有显著贡献。
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Journal of Vegetation Science
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