Journal of Vegetation Science最新文献_第4页

Passive Rewilding of Old-Established Plantations Into Native Forests 被动地将古老种植园改造成原始森林

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70085

Alessandro Bricca, Stefan Zerbe, Hannelore Fellin, Nicola Alessi, Simona Maccherini, Gianmaria Bonari

Aim

Do multiple environmental conditions filter plant communities in non-native plantations similarly to the natural forests? Do upper forest layers act as additional filters on understory plant diversity? How do multiple environmental conditions and forest structure affect rewilding?

Location

Trentino region (Italy).

Methods

Using a stratified random sampling design approach encompassing different elevations and aspects in non-native old-established black pine plantations of the eastern European Alps, we sampled 55 plots over 6200 km² in which we collected data on abiotic conditions and species cover for each forest layer (tree, shrub, herb), and forest regeneration (i.e., woody juvenile species). We adopted structural equation models (SEMs) to investigate the causal relationships between multiple environmental conditions and forest layer interactions on alpha and beta plant diversity. Furthermore, we ran redundancy analysis (RDA) to test for the effect of multiple environmental conditions and forest structural parameters on the ecology of the herbaceous communities.

Results

High- and low-elevation sites had reduced alpha diversity likely because of frost and drought climatic constraints. Shaded conditions due to tree canopy cover directly reduced alpha shrub diversity, and indirectly the herb diversity. Beta diversity of each layer was mainly influenced by slope and elevation. The composition of trees set off a cascading effect, shaping shrub communities and, in turn, the herbaceous and juvenile layers below.

Conclusions

Non-native old-established plantations close to the native range of black pine showed high diversity coupled with scarce regeneration. Our insights are crucial for understanding the rewilding of old-established plantation forests. Future plantation programs should consider both the multiple spatial scales of the environmental conditions of the sites and the interaction among vegetation layers to achieve effective rewilding.

目的多种环境条件对非原生人工林植物群落的过滤作用是否与天然林相似？森林上层是否作为林下植物多样性的额外过滤器？多种环境条件和森林结构如何影响野化？位置：特伦蒂诺地区（意大利）。方法采用分层随机抽样设计方法，对东欧阿尔卑斯地区55个不同海拔、不同地形的非原生古生黑松人工林进行取样，取样面积超过6200 km2，收集了各林层（乔木、灌木、草本）的非生物条件、物种覆盖和森林更新（木本幼木）的数据。采用结构方程模型（SEMs）研究了多种环境条件与林层相互作用对α和β植物多样性的因果关系。通过冗余分析（RDA）分析多种环境条件和森林结构参数对草本群落生态的影响。结果高海拔和低海拔地区α多样性的减少可能与干旱和霜冻气候的限制有关。树冠覆盖造成的遮荫条件直接降低了灌丛多样性，间接降低了草本植物多样性。各层β多样性主要受坡度和海拔的影响。树木的组成形成了层叠效应，塑造了灌木群落，进而塑造了下面的草本层和幼树层。结论邻近黑松原生地的非本土老人工林具有多样性高、更新少的特点。我们的见解对于了解古老人工林的重新野生化至关重要。未来的人工林规划应考虑场地环境条件的多个空间尺度和植被层之间的相互作用，以实现有效的再野化。

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引用次数: 0

Contrasting Phylogenetic Signals in Flowering and Fruiting Phenology at Species and Assemblage Scales in a Climbing Plant Community 攀缘植物群落种级和组合级花果物候的系统发育信号对比

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70087

Guilherme Dubal dos Santos Seger, Sandra Maria Hartz, Leandro da Silva Duarte

Aims

Climate has long been recognized as an important factor shaping plant phenology. Seasonal climatic variables can exert a strong influence on flowering and fruiting timing. Further, if phenological responses to environmental gradients are phylogenetically conserved in plant species, evolutionary history might be a strong determinant of phenological periods. In this study, we evaluated whether closely related species are phenologically similar, whether there is an association between the composition of flowering or fruiting species and environmental gradients, and to what extent such associations are mediated by the phylogenetic relationships among species.

Location

Araucaria forest at São Francisco de Paula, South Brazil.

Methods

We assessed the phylogenetic conservatism of reproductive phenology in a climbing plant community (78 spp.), an understudied life form that highly contributes to ecosystem dynamics. For this, we calculated the phylogenetic signal of species' flowering and fruiting peaks and conducted a phylobetadiversity analysis and model selection considering temporal autocorrelation.

Results

We found a weak phylogenetic signal in flowering and no signal for fruit phenology at the species scale. However, we found a strong influence of shared evolutionary history on the association between phenological patterns and environmental gradients at the assemblage scale, with different phylogenetic lineages influenced by distinct variables. The daylength, a variable that exhibits subtle changes and consistent patterns across years, explained most of both flowering and fruiting of larger clades (rosids vs asterids), while for fruiting lower level clades (families) were influenced by the canopy openness of tree species.

Conclusions

The results highlight the fingerprint of phylogenetic relatedness in the association of plant phenology and environmental gradients, enabling the identification of at which phylogenetic levels these gradients are acting. Our approach and results bring a new perspective, showing that even in the absence of a phylogenetic signal in species phenological peaks, there is a phylogenetic conservatism between plant phenology and environmental gradients.

长期以来，气候一直被认为是影响植物物候的重要因素。季节气候变量对开花和结果的时间有很大的影响。此外，如果植物物种对环境梯度的物候反应在系统发育上是保守的，那么进化史可能是物候期的一个强有力的决定因素。在这项研究中，我们评估了近缘种是否具有物候相似性，开花或结果种的组成是否与环境梯度有关，以及这种联系在多大程度上是由种间的系统发育关系介导的。位置：巴西南部san Francisco de Paula的Araucaria森林。方法对攀缘植物群落（78种）生殖物候学的系统发育保守性进行了评估。为此，我们计算了物种开花和结果峰的系统发育信号，并进行了系统多样性分析和考虑时间自相关的模式选择。结果在开花过程中发现了较弱的系统发育信号，而在种尺度上没有发现果实物候信号。然而，我们发现，在组合尺度上，共同的进化史对物候模式和环境梯度之间的关联有很强的影响，不同的系统发育谱系受到不同变量的影响。日长是一个在不同年份表现出微妙变化和一致模式的变量，它解释了大型进化枝（蔷薇枝与小行星枝）的大部分开花和结果，而低层进化枝（科）的结果则受到树种冠层开度的影响。结论该结果突出了植物物候与环境梯度之间系统发育亲缘关系的指纹图谱，从而能够识别这些梯度在哪些系统发育水平上起作用。我们的方法和结果带来了一个新的视角，表明即使在物种物候峰中没有系统发育信号，植物物候与环境梯度之间也存在系统发育保守性。

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引用次数: 0

Urban Grassland Plant Communities Assemble According to Productivity and Disturbance Gradients 城市草地植物群落根据生产力和干扰梯度聚集

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70086

Pasi Pouta, Jussi Lampinen, Henry Väre, D. Johan Kotze

<div> <section> <h3> Question</h3> <p>Urban grasslands host important plant diversity. They comprise numerous open habitats varying from species-rich semi-natural grasslands to often species-poor ‘novel’ grasslands. To foster plant diversity in urban grasslands, we need to understand their community assembly. We asked: how do vascular plant communities and their composition of species attributes assemble according to patch- and landscape-scale filters in urban grasslands?</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>The Helsinki Capital region, Finland.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We studied 200 urban grasslands, representing a wide variation of grassland types and landscape contexts. We investigated valuable grasslands, landscape grasslands, lawns and grasslands resulting from biodiversity-oriented actions: lawn grasslands (former lawns with reduced management) and sown grasslands (sown with seed mixtures). We analysed plant communities, the environmental factors driving them (e.g., grassland type, soil and landscape variables) and the relationships between species niches and species attributes (e.g., specific leaf area, life form, seed mass) by using ordination methods and hierarchical modelling.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>We observed numerous statistically supported relationships between species, species attributes and environmental variables. The communities varied according to two main gradients: productivity and disturbance, aligning with Grime's CSR strategies. The productivity gradient arranged sites from rocky to dry and mesic grasslands. The disturbance gradient arranged sites from ruderal to semi-natural and forest-influenced grasslands. The highest total species richness and specialised species occurrence were associated with long-term intermediate disturbance and non-extreme productivity. Biodiversity-oriented actions increased species occurrences compared to lawns, but often failed to support many specialised species (e.g., positive grassland indicators).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>Our results suggest that the wide variation in urban grassland plant communities can be understood through their degree of disturbance and productivity. Moreover, novel grasslands may start resembling semi-natural grasslands under suitable long-term management if productivity is moderate and if dispersal occurs. Thus, long-term extensive maintenance, reducing nutrients and facilitating dispersal,

城市草原拥有重要的植物多样性。它们包括许多开放的栖息地，从物种丰富的半自然草原到物种贫乏的“新”草原。为了促进城市草原的植物多样性，我们需要了解它们的群落聚集。我们的问题是：维管植物群落及其物种属性的组成是如何根据城市草原斑块和景观尺度的过滤器组装的？地理位置芬兰首都赫尔辛基地区。方法对200个城市草地进行了研究，这些草地类型和景观文脉都有很大的差异。我们调查了有价值的草地、景观草地、草坪和生物多样性导向的草地：草坪草地（减少管理的原草坪）和播种草地（播种混合种子）。利用排序方法和层次模型分析了植物群落、驱动它们的环境因子（如草地类型、土壤和景观变量）以及物种生态位与物种属性（如比叶面积、生命形式、种子质量）之间的关系。结果物种、物种属性与环境变量之间存在着大量具有统计学意义的关系。社区根据两个主要梯度变化：生产力和干扰，与Grime的企业社会责任战略保持一致。在生产力梯度上，从石质草地到干草甸和介草甸都有分布。扰动梯度将原始草地、半自然草地和受森林影响的草地排列。最高的物种总丰富度和特化物种发生率与长期的中间扰动和非极端生产力有关。与草坪相比，以生物多样性为导向的行动增加了物种的出现，但往往无法支持许多特殊物种（例如，积极的草地指标）。结论城市草地植物群落的多样性可以通过干扰程度和生产力来理解。此外，在适当的长期管理下，如果生产力适中且发生分散，新草地可能开始类似于半自然草地。因此，长期广泛的维护，减少养分和促进扩散，可能有助于发展物种丰富的城市草原。

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引用次数: 0

Drought and Plant Invasions Along an Aridity Gradient 沿干旱梯度的干旱和植物入侵

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70084

María Ravetta, Viviana F. Bondaruk, Gastón R. Oñatibia, Alejandro Loydi, Jesús Pascual, Pablo L. Peri, Guadalupe Peter, Gabriel E. Oliva, Daniela Ferrante, Martin Bruschetti, Pedro Daleo, Walter D. Agüero, Laura Yahdjian

Questions

Biological invasions significantly impact plant communities, affecting and threatening biodiversity at regional and local scales worldwide. The invasion process may be influenced by climate change, particularly by the increasing frequency of extreme droughts. Here we evaluate (1) the level of exotic plant invasion along an aridity gradient and its relationship with environmental variables, and (2) the cumulative effect of prolonged droughts on native plant communities and the invasion of exotic species.

Location

Rangelands located along an aridity gradient from the arid Patagonian steppe to the humid Pampa region in Argentina, South America. The study sites (11) encompass a wide range of mean annual precipitation (170–950 mm year⁻¹) and diverse vegetation physiognomic characteristics.

Methods

We conducted floristic surveys to assess plant community composition, diversity, and the cover of native and invasive exotic species in (1) 11 sites located along an aridity gradient, and (2) a 4-year drought simulation experiment established in nine sites. At each experimental site, rain-out shelters intercepted 50%–60% of incoming rainfall to simulate drought conditions. We then used linear mixed models to analyze the effects of drought on the cover, richness, and dominance of the plant community.

Results

Our findings reveal (1) a positive relationship between plant invasion and rangeland humidity at the regional scale. In the humid extreme, invasive exotic species dominated the plant community, whereas in the arid extreme native species were more abundant than invasive exotic species. (2) Experimental droughts reduced native plant cover in arid and semi-arid rangelands and promoted the cover, dominance, and richness of invasive exotic species in humid counterparts, reducing native species richness.

Conclusions

This study suggests a potential intensification of biological invasions in response to increased occurrences of droughts predicted by climate change. Management strategies for invaded humid rangelands are imperative, and early warnings are crucial during dry years in arid and semi-arid rangelands, where droughts could enhance the abundance of invasive exotic species.

生物入侵对植物群落产生了重大影响，在区域和地方尺度上影响和威胁着生物多样性。入侵过程可能受到气候变化的影响，特别是极端干旱日益频繁的影响。在此，我们评估了(1)沿干旱梯度的外来植物入侵水平及其与环境变量的关系；(2)长期干旱对本地植物群落和外来物种入侵的累积效应。位于南美洲阿根廷沿干旱梯度的牧场，从干旱的巴塔哥尼亚草原到潮湿的潘帕草原。研究地点（11）涵盖了广泛的年平均降水量（170-950毫米年−1）和不同的植被地貌特征。方法采用植物区系调查的方法，对沿干旱梯度分布的11个样点的植物群落组成、多样性和外来入侵物种的覆盖度进行了评估；在每个实验地点，避雨棚拦截了50%-60%的降雨来模拟干旱条件。利用线性混合模型分析了干旱对植物群落盖度、丰富度和优势度的影响。结果：(1)在区域尺度上，植物入侵与草地湿度呈正相关。在湿润极端地区，外来入侵物种占主导地位，而在干旱极端地区，本地物种比外来入侵物种更丰富。(2)实验干旱降低了干旱半干旱草地的原生植物盖度，提高了湿润草地外来入侵物种的盖度、优势度和丰富度，降低了原生物种的丰富度。结论该研究表明，随着气候变化预测的干旱事件的增加，生物入侵可能会加剧。入侵湿润牧场的管理策略是必要的，在干旱和半干旱的牧场，早期预警是至关重要的，在干旱的年份，干旱可能会增加入侵外来物种的丰度。

{"title":"Drought and Plant Invasions Along an Aridity Gradient","authors":"María Ravetta, Viviana F. Bondaruk, Gastón R. Oñatibia, Alejandro Loydi, Jesús Pascual, Pablo L. Peri, Guadalupe Peter, Gabriel E. Oliva, Daniela Ferrante, Martin Bruschetti, Pedro Daleo, Walter D. Agüero, Laura Yahdjian","doi":"10.1111/jvs.70084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biological invasions significantly impact plant communities, affecting and threatening biodiversity at regional and local scales worldwide. The invasion process may be influenced by climate change, particularly by the increasing frequency of extreme droughts. Here we evaluate (1) the level of exotic plant invasion along an aridity gradient and its relationship with environmental variables, and (2) the cumulative effect of prolonged droughts on native plant communities and the invasion of exotic species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rangelands located along an aridity gradient from the arid Patagonian steppe to the humid Pampa region in Argentina, South America. The study sites (11) encompass a wide range of mean annual precipitation (170–950 mm year<sup>−1</sup>) and diverse vegetation physiognomic characteristics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted floristic surveys to assess plant community composition, diversity, and the cover of native and invasive exotic species in (1) 11 sites located along an aridity gradient, and (2) a 4-year drought simulation experiment established in nine sites. At each experimental site, rain-out shelters intercepted 50%–60% of incoming rainfall to simulate drought conditions. We then used linear mixed models to analyze the effects of drought on the cover, richness, and dominance of the plant community.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings reveal (1) a positive relationship between plant invasion and rangeland humidity at the regional scale. In the humid extreme, invasive exotic species dominated the plant community, whereas in the arid extreme native species were more abundant than invasive exotic species. (2) Experimental droughts reduced native plant cover in arid and semi-arid rangelands and promoted the cover, dominance, and richness of invasive exotic species in humid counterparts, reducing native species richness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study suggests a potential intensification of biological invasions in response to increased occurrences of droughts predicted by climate change. Management strategies for invaded humid rangelands are imperative, and early warnings are crucial during dry years in arid and semi-arid rangelands, where droughts could enhance the abundance of invasive exotic species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"36 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70081

Anikó Csecserits, Boglárka Berki, Edina Csákvári, Melinda Halassy, András Mártonffy, Tamás Rédei, Katalin Szitár, Zoltán Botta-Dukát

Questions

What is the position of the two selected invasive alien species in the regional trait space? Does the probability of occurrence of a species depend on the interaction of its similarity to and the cover of the selected invasive species, Asclepias syriaca and Conyza canadensis?

Location

Hungary, Kiskunság, sandy grasslands.

Methods

We used data from a stratified random grassland survey (plot size: 25 m², n = 161). Our analysis focused on the two most common invasive species of studied habitats: clonal perennial A. syriaca and annual C. canadensis. Trait similarity between species was measured by weighted Gower distance using three sets of traits: (1) 12 traits covering all aspects of life history, (2) traits related to reproduction and (3) traits related to persistence. Calculated similarities were used to describe the position of the two focal invasive species in the trait space generated by all species. We fitted generalised mixed-effects models with the presence/absence of all species except A. syriaca and C. canadensis as dependent variables and trait similarity to, and cover of invasive species as predictors.

Results

We found that both invasive species were in the trait range of the regional species pool. C. canadensis was closer to the centre of regional trait space than A. syriaca. Similarity to A. syriaca and its cover interacted to influence the occurrence of the rest of the species: Where the cover of A. syriaca was higher, similar species occurred with a higher probability. We found no such effect of similarity in the case of C. canadensis.

Conclusions

These results suggest that for perennial invasive species A. syriaca, trait similarity may influence the composition of co-occurring species. In contrast, the results of annual C. canadensis suggest a more random assembly.

这两种外来入侵物种在区域特征空间中的位置是什么？一个物种发生的概率是否取决于其与所选择的入侵物种（Asclepias syriaca和Conyza canadensis）的相似性和覆盖范围的相互作用？地点：匈牙利，Kiskunság，沙质草原。方法采用分层随机草地调查数据（样地面积25 m2， n = 161）。我们的分析集中在研究生境中最常见的两种入侵物种：无性系多年生A. syriaca和一年生C. canadensis。采用加权高尔距离法测量物种间的性状相似性，采用3组性状：(1)涵盖生活史各个方面的12个性状，(2)与繁殖有关的性状，(3)与持久性有关的性状。利用计算的相似性来描述两个焦点入侵物种在所有物种产生的性状空间中的位置。我们拟合了广义混合效应模型，将除叙利亚丁香和加拿大丁香外的所有物种的存在/缺失作为因变量，并将入侵物种的特征相似性和覆盖作为预测因子。结果两种入侵物种均在区域物种库的性状范围内。加拿大草比叙利亚草更接近区域性状空间的中心。与叙利亚杜鹃的相似性及其覆盖度相互作用，影响了其他物种的发生：叙利亚杜鹃的覆盖度越高，相似物种发生的概率就越大。我们没有发现这种相似的影响，在C.加拿大的情况下。结论对于多年生入侵种叙利亚香来说，性状相似性可能会影响共生种的组成。相比之下，加拿大一年生C. canadensis的结果则显示出更随机的集合。

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引用次数: 0

Greater Observer Expertise Leads to Higher Liverwort Species Richness in Bryophyte Surveys 在苔藓植物调查中，更高的观察者专业知识导致更高的苔类物种丰富度

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70082

Tobias Moser, Steffen Boch, Angéline Bedolla, Klaus T. Ecker, Ulrich H. Graf, Rolf Holderegger, Helen Küchler, Noémie A. Pichon, Ariel Bergamini

Aims

We aimed to determine whether observer expertise (unexperienced, intermediate, experienced) affects the detection of overall bryophyte species richness and of different taxonomic bryophyte groups (e.g., mosses, liverworts, Sphagnum spp.) in vegetation surveys. We further tested if observers with different levels of expertise differ in their estimates of the species richness of various bryophyte size classes (small, medium, large), protection classes (threatened and nonthreatened), and cover classes (Braun-Blanquet scale).

Location

Switzerland.

Methods

From 2011 to 2023, we surveyed bryophytes in 10-m² plots in a long-term monitoring program. Plots were situated in raised bogs and fens of national importance, which were distributed across Switzerland. The plots were surveyed by 20 professional botanists with a profound knowledge of the Swiss flora and experience in conducting vegetation surveys, but different levels of expertise in bryophyte surveys. Using 2950 relevés, we fitted linear mixed-effects models to test if species richness estimates differed among categories of observer expertise.

Results

On average, experienced observers detected 76% and 82% more liverwort species per relevé than intermediate and unexperienced observers. In accordance with this, experienced observers detected significantly more small-sized bryophyte species than intermediate and unexperienced observers. However, total species richness and the richness of other taxonomic groups (mosses, Sphagnum spp.) did not differ significantly between expertise levels. This was due to the low relative richness of liverworts and small species compared to the other taxonomic groups and size classes.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate the importance of ecological and morphological knowledge of bryophytes for bryophyte surveys in monitoring programs. However, as the total species numbers did not differ significantly between observers with different experience levels, it seems that teams composed of differently experienced observers can also collect reliable data. We recommend continuous training to keep observer errors consistently low and to statistically correct for observer differences.

我们旨在确定观察者的专业知识（无经验、中级、有经验）是否会影响植被调查中苔藓植物物种丰富度和不同苔藓植物类群（如苔藓、苔类、Sphagnum spp）的检测。我们进一步测试了不同专业水平的观察者对不同苔藓植物大小类别（小、中、大）、保护类别（受威胁和非受威胁）和覆盖类别（布朗-布兰凯尺度）的物种丰富度的估计是否存在差异。位置瑞士。方法2011 - 2023年，采用长期监测方法，对10 m2样地苔藓植物进行调查。这些地块位于全国重要的沼泽和沼泽中，分布在瑞士各地。20名专业植物学家对这些地块进行了调查，他们对瑞士植物区系有着深刻的了解，并有进行植被调查的经验，但在苔藓植物调查方面的专业知识水平不同。使用2950个相关的样本，我们拟合了线性混合效应模型来检验物种丰富度估计是否在观察者专业知识类别之间存在差异。结果有经验的观测者比无经验的观测者平均多检出76%和82%的苔类。据此，有经验的观测者比中级和无经验的观测者发现了更多的小型苔藓植物种类。然而，总物种丰富度和其他分类类群（苔藓、Sphagnum spp.）的丰富度在不同专业水平间差异不显著。这是由于与其他分类类群和大小类相比，苔类的相对丰富度较低，种类较少。结论苔藓植物的生态学和形态学知识对监测项目中的苔藓植物调查具有重要意义。然而，由于不同经验水平的观测者的物种总数没有显著差异，似乎由不同经验的观测者组成的团队也可以收集到可靠的数据。我们建议持续训练，以保持观察者误差始终保持在低水平，并对观察者差异进行统计校正。

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引用次数: 0

Heterogeneous Effects of Drought, Land-Use History and Local Site Factors on Woodland Herb-Layer Diversity 干旱、土地利用历史和局地立地因子对林地草本层多样性的异质性影响

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70079

Clément Vallé, Florian Zellweger, Aland H. Y. Chan, Wang Li, Jonathan Mapelli, David A. Coomes

Aim

The expected increase in drought events poses a serious threat to forest biodiversity and functioning. The effects of drought may be spatially modulated by forest canopy composition and structure, as well as the legacy of management history, but these influences have rarely been disentangled.

Location

Temperate forest in England.

Methods

We recorded herb-layer composition in a British woodland that contained ancient, secondary and transitional components, before and after an intense summer drought event. We used airborne lidar and imaging spectroscopy to quantify canopy structure and composition and applied regression approaches to analyse spatio-temporal changes in species richness and herb species presence–absence in relation to drought, canopy composition and structure and land-use history.

Results

Our models reveal that drought impacts on understorey plant diversity are modulated by land-use history, with ancient forest parts being most resistant. We found that the short-term effect of the drought significantly reduced the species' richness and cover of most of our species. The invasive species Impatiens parviflora has expanded its distribution in the woods despite the drought, which is worrying and of conservation concern. Species distributions and richness were further affected by land-use history on its own right, as well as by canopy structure and composition, via light availability (represented by plant area index) and a negative impact of Fraxinus excelsior canopy surface.

Conclusions

Drought negatively affects woodland herb-layer diversity, at least in the short term, but the local heterogeneity of such effects should not be underestimated. Considering the individual and interactive effects of drought, land-use history and local site factors on forest plants will lead to a better understanding of how forest biodiversity is affected by climate change.

预期的干旱事件增加对森林生物多样性和功能构成严重威胁。干旱的影响可能受到森林冠层组成和结构以及管理历史遗产的空间调节，但这些影响很少被解开。地理位置：英格兰温带森林。方法对英国某林地进行了夏季干旱前后的草本层组成记录，包括古、次生和过渡性成分。利用机载激光雷达和成像光谱技术量化了林冠结构和组成，并应用回归方法分析了物种丰富度和草本物种有无与干旱、林冠组成和结构以及土地利用历史的时空变化关系。结果干旱对林下植物多样性的影响受土地利用历史的调节，其中古森林部分的抗旱性最强。我们发现，干旱的短期影响显著降低了我们大多数物种的物种丰富度和覆盖率。外来入侵物种小凤仙花不顾干旱扩大了在森林中的分布，令人担忧，值得关注。物种分布和丰富度进一步受到土地利用历史、冠层结构和组成、光有效性（以植物面积指数为代表）和黄曲柳冠层表面的负面影响的影响。结论干旱至少在短期内会对林地草本层多样性产生负面影响，但这种影响的局部异质性不可低估。考虑干旱、土地利用历史和当地立地因素对森林植物的个体和相互作用，将有助于更好地了解气候变化如何影响森林生物多样性。

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引用次数: 0

Chronic Disturbance and Climate Water Deficit Shift Tree Communities From Tropical Evergreen to Deciduous in the Western Ghats, India 印度西高止山脉的长期干扰和气候水分亏缺使树木群落从热带常绿向落叶转变

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70080

Nayantara Biswas, Vishal Sadekar, Siddharth Biniwale, Yukti Taneja, Anand M. Osuri, Navendu Page, Kulbhushansingh Suryawanshi, Rohit Naniwadekar

Aims

Climatic factors, such as water stress, and chronic anthropogenic disturbances, such as biomass extraction, influence tropical forest community structure, richness and composition. However, while the individual effects of these two drivers on plant communities are well-studied, their interactive effects are not.

Location

We conducted a study in the northern Western Ghats of Maharashtra, India. Moist tropical forests in India's Western Ghats face a dual threat from increasingly erratic precipitation (and consequent water stress) and an intensifying anthropogenic footprint.

Methods

We sampled 120 tree plots (0.05 ha each) across forests with varying histories of biomass extraction and a gradient of climate water deficit (a proxy for water stress) within a 15,000-km² landscape. Using generalised linear and mixed-effects models, we tested the influence of chronic disturbance and climate water deficit on overall tree species richness, evergreen and deciduous tree species richness and the proportion of evergreen trees.

Results

We recorded 7001 individual trees belonging to 192 species. Tree composition varied across disturbance and elevation categories. Overall and evergreen tree species richness were significantly lower, while deciduous tree species richness was higher in repeatedly disturbed forests compared to less disturbed sites. Deciduous tree species richness increased more steeply with increasing water stress in repeatedly disturbed sites. Meanwhile, evergreen species richness increased with decreasing water stress.

Conclusions

Overall, we show that chronic disturbance reduces evergreen tree species and favours more widely distributed deciduous species. In the northern Western Ghats, where much of the remaining forest cover is disturbed and dominated by deciduous tree species, the persistence of the evergreen tree flora hinges on protecting existing evergreen forest patches from disturbances and restoring secondary forests with appropriate evergreen tree species.

气候因子（如水分胁迫）和慢性人为干扰（如生物量提取）影响热带森林群落的结构、丰富度和组成。然而，虽然这两种驱动因素对植物群落的个体影响已经得到了充分的研究，但它们的相互作用还没有得到充分的研究。我们在印度马哈拉施特拉邦的西高止山脉北部进行了一项研究。印度西高止山脉的潮湿热带森林面临着日益不稳定的降水（以及随之而来的水资源压力）和不断加剧的人为足迹的双重威胁。方法在15000平方公里的景观范围内，选取了120个样地（每个0.05公顷），这些样地具有不同的生物量提取历史和气候水分亏缺梯度。采用广义线性和混合效应模型，考察了长期扰动和气候水分亏缺对总体树种丰富度、常绿和落叶树种丰富度以及常绿乔木比例的影响。结果共记录到192种乔木7001株。树木组成在不同的干扰和海拔类别中存在差异。总体和常绿乔木物种丰富度显著降低，而反复扰动林的落叶乔木物种丰富度高于较少扰动地。在反复扰动样地，随着水分胁迫的增加，落叶树物种丰富度的增加更为急剧。同时，常绿物种丰富度随着水分胁迫的减小而增加。结论长期干扰使常绿树种减少，有利于分布更广的落叶树种。在西高止山脉北部，大部分剩余的森林覆盖受到干扰，主要是落叶树种，常绿树木植物群的持续存在取决于保护现有的常绿森林斑块不受干扰，并恢复次生林，种植适当的常绿树种。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular Insights Into Vegetation Classification: A Comparative Analysis of Standard Observations and Belowground Metabarcoding of the Phytocoenosis 植物群落标准观测与地下元条形码的比较分析

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70083

Arkadiusz Nowak, Sebastian Świerszcz, Sylwia Nowak, Anna Rucińska, Marcin Kotowski, Marcin Nobis

Question

Vegetation classification is pivotal for understanding, managing, and conserving plant communities, yet standard approaches typically rely on aboveground observations only. Recent studies highlight that belowground components may harbour substantial hidden diversity, potentially influencing classification results. Here, we compare vegetation classifications derived from conventional aboveground surveys with DNA metabarcoding data from belowground plant parts.

Location

Opole Silesia region, SW Poland.

Methods

We surveyed 54 plots (1 m² each) in three Central European grassland types (wet, mesic, and dry) under three management intensities (low, moderate, high). Aboveground species composition was recorded using standard botanical methods, while belowground samples were analysed by high-throughput sequencing using three DNA regions (ITS2, trnL–trnF, and trnH–psbA).

Results

The results showed consistently higher species richness in the belowground samples, revealing numerous ephemeral, perennial, or rhizomatous species not detected in the 1-day aboveground surveys. Despite these additions, TWINSPAN classification and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) showed similar delineations of the major grassland types, with dry meadows being particularly well defined by all methods. Of the three DNA regions, ITS2 and trnL–trnF showed the best agreement with the standard aboveground classification results, while trnH–psbA showed a weaker match. Notably, differences in species composition due to additional belowground detections did not substantially alter cluster assignments or key diagnostic species for each grassland type.

Conclusion

Our results highlight the robustness of conventional vegetation classification, even when confronted with additional belowground molecular survey data. Nevertheless, the synergy of molecular and observational methods may provide a more holistic view of phytocoenotic diversity, highlighting the value of integrating DNA metabarcoding approaches for more comprehensive biodiversity monitoring and conservation strategies.

植被分类是理解、管理和保护植物群落的关键，但标准方法通常只依赖于地面观测。最近的研究表明，地下成分可能隐藏着大量的多样性，可能会影响分类结果。在这里，我们比较了从传统的地上调查中获得的植被分类与从地下植物部分获得的DNA元条形码数据。地理位置波兰西南部的奥波尔西里西亚地区。方法在低、中、高3种管理强度下，对中欧3种草地类型（湿、中、干）的54个样地（每个1 m2）进行调查。使用标准植物学方法记录地上的物种组成，而使用三个DNA区域（ITS2， trnL-trnF和trnH-psbA）对地下样品进行高通量测序。结果地下样品的物种丰富度较高，地上1 d的调查中未发现大量的短生、多年生或根茎生物种。尽管有这些补充，TWINSPAN分类和非度量多维尺度（NMDS）对主要草地类型的描述相似，所有方法对干草甸的定义都特别好。三个DNA区中，ITS2和trnL-trnF与标准地上分类结果吻合度最高，trnH-psbA匹配度较弱。值得注意的是，由于额外的地下探测而导致的物种组成差异并没有实质性地改变每种草地类型的聚类分配或关键诊断物种。结论即使面对额外的地下分子调查数据，我们的研究结果也突出了传统植被分类的稳健性。然而，分子和观测方法的协同作用可能提供更全面的植物群落多样性观点，突出了整合DNA元条形码方法对更全面的生物多样性监测和保护策略的价值。

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引用次数: 0

Leaf It Alone: Environmental Factors Outweigh Herbivory as Determinants of Plant Traits in a Mediterranean Mountain 单叶：地中海山区植物性状的决定因素是环境因素大于草食性

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70078

Fernanda Garcia, António Alves da Silva, Susana Rodríguez-Echeverría, Helena Freitas, José Paulo Sousa, Joana Alves

Aim

Herbivory has pronounced effects on ecosystems, altering plant community composition and structure while shaping functional traits, highlighting the need for a comprehensive analysis of its impacts, alongside the effects of abiotic factors known to affect plant communities. This study aimed to assess whether red deer herbivory pressure (measured by population density and feeding time), tree cover, altitude, and northness influence plant communities and their functional traits and diversity.

Location

The study was conducted in the Lousã Mountain, central Portugal.

Methods

We evaluated the influence of herbivory and environmental variables on plant communities by analysing ten plant traits: specific leaf area, plant height, leaf length and width, leaf perimeter and roundness, fresh and dry leaf weight, chlorophyll fluorescence, and quantum yield.

Results

Contrary to our predictions, herbivory did not significantly affect plant functional diversity, although it influenced some plant traits. In contrast, tree cover, altitude, and north-facing slopes strongly affected several traits, including plant height, leaf dimensions, SLA, and chlorophyll fluorescence.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that environmental factors predominantly shape plant trait patterns, potentially conferring resilience against intermediate levels of herbivory in Mediterranean mountain communities. This functional resistance highlights the importance of environmental filters in maintaining ecosystem stability and suggests that future changes in climate or land use may have stronger impacts on plant trait dynamics than moderate herbivore pressures.

草食对生态系统有着显著的影响，改变了植物群落的组成和结构，同时塑造了功能性状，强调了对其影响的综合分析的必要性，以及已知影响植物群落的非生物因素的影响。本研究旨在评估马鹿的食草压力（以种群密度和取食时间衡量）、树木覆盖、海拔和北纬对植物群落及其功能性状和多样性的影响。该研究在葡萄牙中部的Lousã山区进行。方法通过分析比叶面积、株高、叶长和叶宽、叶周长和叶圆度、鲜叶和干叶重、叶绿素荧光和量子产率等10个植物性状，评价草食和环境变量对植物群落的影响。结果与我们的预测相反，草食对植物的功能多样性没有显著影响，但会影响植物的一些性状。相比之下，树木覆盖度、海拔高度和向北坡度对植物的一些性状有强烈影响，包括株高、叶尺寸、SLA和叶绿素荧光。这些发现表明，环境因素主要塑造了植物性状模式，可能赋予地中海山区社区对中等水平草食的恢复力。这种功能性抗性强调了环境过滤器在维持生态系统稳定中的重要性，并表明未来气候或土地利用的变化可能比适度的草食压力对植物性状动态的影响更大。

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引用次数: 0