Journal of Vegetation Science最新文献_第10页

Exploring Priority and Year Effects on Plant Diversity, Productivity and Vertical Root Distribution: First Insights From a Grassland Field Experiment 探索植物多样性、生产力和垂直根系分布的优先级和年份效应：来自草地田间试验的初步见解

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70026

Inés M. Alonso-Crespo, Vicky M. Temperton, Andreas Fichtner, Thomas Niemeyer, Michael Schloter, Benjamin M. Delory

Question

The order of arrival of plant species during community assembly can affect how species interact with each other. These so-called priority effects can have strong implications for the structure and functioning of plant communities. However, the extent to which the strength, direction, and persistence of priority effects are modulated by weather conditions during plant establishment (“year effects”) is not well known.

Location

Niederhaverbeck, Bispingen, Germany.

Methods

We present the first results from a field experiment initiated in 2020 in Northern Germany to test how plant functional group (PFG) order of arrival and the year of initiation of an experiment interactively affect the structure and functioning of nutrient-poor dry acidic grasslands, both above and below ground. To do this, we established the same experiment, manipulating the order of arrival of forbs, grasses, and legumes on the same site, but in different years representing different weather conditions.

Results

We found that time since establishment was a stronger driver of plant community composition than PFG order of arrival and year of initiation. PFG order of arrival effects on plant diversity evolved over time and depended on the year of initiation of an experiment. Year of initiation, not PFG order of arrival, was the strongest driver of aboveground community productivity. Although we did not find an effect of PFG order of arrival on root productivity, it had a strong impact on the vertical distribution of roots. Communities where grasses were sown first rooted more shallowly than communities in which forbs or legumes were sown first.

Conclusions

In experimental dry acidic grassland communities, community composition and productivity are shaped by time since establishment and initial weather conditions, rather than PFG order of arrival (6-week sowing interval). Importantly, our results demonstrate that manipulating PFG order of arrival is possibly an effective restoration measure to alter vertical root distribution towards more deep-rooting communities when sowing forbs or legumes first. This in turn could benefit dry grasslands on sandy soils during periods of water deficit.

在群落聚集过程中，植物物种到达的顺序会影响物种之间的相互作用。这些所谓的优先效应可能对植物群落的结构和功能有很强的影响。然而，在植物建立期间，优先效应的强度、方向和持续程度受天气条件的调节（“年效应”）尚不清楚。位置：Niederhaverbeck， Bispingen, Germany。作者介绍了2020年在德国北部启动的一项田间试验的初步结果，该试验旨在测试植物功能群（PFG）到达顺序和开始试验的年份如何相互作用影响营养贫乏的干旱酸性草地的结构和功能，包括地上和地下。为了做到这一点，我们建立了相同的实验，在不同的年份代表不同的天气条件下，在同一地点操纵牧草、草和豆类的到达顺序。结果建立时间对植物群落组成的影响大于PFG到达顺序和起始年份。PFG对植物多样性的到达顺序随时间而变化，并取决于实验开始的年份。萌发年份，而非PFG到达顺序，是地上群落生产力的最大驱动力。虽然我们没有发现PFG到达顺序对根系生产力的影响，但它对根系的垂直分布有很强的影响。首先播种牧草的群落比首先播种牧草或豆科植物的群落扎根更浅。结论在干旱酸性草地试验群落中，群落组成和生产力受建立时间和初始天气条件的影响，而不是受PFG到达顺序（6周播期）的影响。重要的是，我们的研究结果表明，当先播牧草或豆科植物时，操纵PFG的到达顺序可能是一种有效的恢复措施，可以改变根系的垂直分布，使其更倾向于深根群落。这反过来又可以在缺水期间使沙质土壤上的干燥草地受益。

{"title":"Exploring Priority and Year Effects on Plant Diversity, Productivity and Vertical Root Distribution: First Insights From a Grassland Field Experiment","authors":"Inés M. Alonso-Crespo, Vicky M. Temperton, Andreas Fichtner, Thomas Niemeyer, Michael Schloter, Benjamin M. Delory","doi":"10.1111/jvs.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Question</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The order of arrival of plant species during community assembly can affect how species interact with each other. These so-called priority effects can have strong implications for the structure and functioning of plant communities. However, the extent to which the strength, direction, and persistence of priority effects are modulated by weather conditions during plant establishment (“year effects”) is not well known.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Niederhaverbeck, Bispingen, Germany.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We present the first results from a field experiment initiated in 2020 in Northern Germany to test how plant functional group (PFG) order of arrival and the year of initiation of an experiment interactively affect the structure and functioning of nutrient-poor dry acidic grasslands, both above and below ground. To do this, we established the same experiment, manipulating the order of arrival of forbs, grasses, and legumes on the same site, but in different years representing different weather conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that time since establishment was a stronger driver of plant community composition than PFG order of arrival and year of initiation. PFG order of arrival effects on plant diversity evolved over time and depended on the year of initiation of an experiment. Year of initiation, not PFG order of arrival, was the strongest driver of aboveground community productivity. Although we did not find an effect of PFG order of arrival on root productivity, it had a strong impact on the vertical distribution of roots. Communities where grasses were sown first rooted more shallowly than communities in which forbs or legumes were sown first.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In experimental dry acidic grassland communities, community composition and productivity are shaped by time since establishment and initial weather conditions, rather than PFG order of arrival (6-week sowing interval). Importantly, our results demonstrate that manipulating PFG order of arrival is possibly an effective restoration measure to alter vertical root distribution towards more deep-rooting communities when sowing forbs or legumes first. This in turn could benefit dry grasslands on sandy soils during periods of water deficit.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A-Islands: A Vascular Plant Dataset for Biodiversity Research and Species Monitoring on Australian Continental Islands A-Islands：用于澳大利亚大陆岛屿生物多样性研究和物种监测的维管植物数据集

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70019

Julian Schrader, David Coleman, Ian Abbott, Sally Bryant, Ralf Buckley, Darren M. Crayn, Rachael V. Gallagher, Stephen Harris, Harold Heatwole, Betsy Jackes, Holger Kreft, Kevin Mills, Jamie Kirkpatrick, Peter K. Latz, John Neldner, Cornelia Sattler, Micah Visoiu, Elizabeth H. Wenk, John C. Z. Woinarski, Stuart Worboys, Ian J. Wright, Isabel Zorn, Mark Westoby

Aims

Australia's coastline is fringed by more than 8000 continental islands. These islands feature a diverse array of landforms, rock and soil types and geological origins. Some of these islands are among the least invaded, most pristine habitats in Australia and support high plant diversity. Here, we present a new Australia-wide curated dataset for plant species occurrences on islands.

Results

Combining information from 1349 species lists and floras, A-Islands includes data on > 6500 plant species from 844 islands ranging in size from 18 m² to 4400 km², exhibiting different degrees of isolation from the mainland, and spanning all major Australian climate zones. Of these, 251 islands have been repeatedly sampled up to 11 times, making it possible to investigate temporal compositional change. A-Islands is open access and will be continuously updated. Its simple data structure, consisting of three comma-separated files allows easy integration with other Australian and global plant-occurrence databases and can serve as a repository for island research in Australia.

Conclusions

Knowing which species occur on Australia's islands will provide opportunities for future research, including studying changes in biodiversity and species turnover within and among archipelagos, tests of classical island biogeography theory, and as a baseline for ecological monitoring and conservation.

澳大利亚的海岸线被8000多个大陆岛屿所环绕。这些岛屿具有各种各样的地貌、岩石和土壤类型以及地质起源。其中一些岛屿是澳大利亚入侵最少、最原始的栖息地之一，支持着高度的植物多样性。在这里，我们提出了一个新的澳大利亚范围内的岛屿植物物种发生整理数据集。结果综合1349个物种列表和植物区系信息，A-Islands收录了来自844个岛屿的6500种植物数据，岛屿面积从18 m2到4400 km2不等，与大陆有不同程度的隔离，跨越澳大利亚所有主要气候带。在这些岛屿中，251个岛屿被重复采样了11次，使调查时间组成变化成为可能。A-Islands是开放访问的，并将不断更新。它的数据结构简单，由三个逗号分隔的文件组成，可以很容易地与其他澳大利亚和全球植物发生数据库集成，并可以作为澳大利亚岛屿研究的存储库。了解澳大利亚岛屿上有哪些物种将为今后的研究提供机会，包括研究生物多样性的变化和群岛内部和群岛之间的物种更替，检验经典的岛屿生物地理学理论，并作为生态监测和保护的基线。

{"title":"A-Islands: A Vascular Plant Dataset for Biodiversity Research and Species Monitoring on Australian Continental Islands","authors":"Julian Schrader, David Coleman, Ian Abbott, Sally Bryant, Ralf Buckley, Darren M. Crayn, Rachael V. Gallagher, Stephen Harris, Harold Heatwole, Betsy Jackes, Holger Kreft, Kevin Mills, Jamie Kirkpatrick, Peter K. Latz, John Neldner, Cornelia Sattler, Micah Visoiu, Elizabeth H. Wenk, John C. Z. Woinarski, Stuart Worboys, Ian J. Wright, Isabel Zorn, Mark Westoby","doi":"10.1111/jvs.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Australia's coastline is fringed by more than 8000 continental islands. These islands feature a diverse array of landforms, rock and soil types and geological origins. Some of these islands are among the least invaded, most pristine habitats in Australia and support high plant diversity. Here, we present a new Australia-wide curated dataset for plant species occurrences on islands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Combining information from 1349 species lists and floras, A-Islands includes data on > 6500 plant species from 844 islands ranging in size from 18 m<sup>2</sup> to 4400 km<sup>2</sup>, exhibiting different degrees of isolation from the mainland, and spanning all major Australian climate zones. Of these, 251 islands have been repeatedly sampled up to 11 times, making it possible to investigate temporal compositional change. A-Islands is open access and will be continuously updated. Its simple data structure, consisting of three comma-separated files allows easy integration with other Australian and global plant-occurrence databases and can serve as a repository for island research in Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Knowing which species occur on Australia's islands will provide opportunities for future research, including studying changes in biodiversity and species turnover within and among archipelagos, tests of classical island biogeography theory, and as a baseline for ecological monitoring and conservation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Virulent Soil Pathogen Alters Temperate Rain Forest Understorey Sapling Population Dynamics and Successional Trajectories 一种有毒土壤病原体改变温带雨林林下树苗种群动态和演替轨迹

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70014

Tobias A. W. Elliott, Peter J. Bellingham, George L. W. Perry, Bruce R. Burns

Aims

Understanding the impacts of forest tree pathogens on understorey sapling populations is critical for understanding their population-level effects and the likely successional trajectories of infected communities. We assessed the impacts of Phytophthora agathidicida, a soil-borne pathogen, on the sapling population dynamics of the disease-susceptible, locally dominant canopy tree, the conifer kauri (Agathis australis, Araucariaceae). We also examined the indirect effects of P. agathidicida on likely resistant allospecifics that span a range of shade-tolerances as saplings, to predict future successional trajectories.

Location

Waitākere Ranges, west of Auckland, Aotearoa-New Zealand.

Methods

We analysed data from four kauri-dominated permanent plots in Aotearoa-New Zealand warm temperate rain forests. Two plots were early-successional and two were late-successional, one in each pair had overstorey kauri showing intense visual P. agathidicida symptoms, and the other overstorey kauri showing few symptoms. We examined the association between kauri trees and saplings using point pattern analysis and the relationship between the level of crowding around saplings and their growth and survival rates. We compared the growth and survival rates of kauri and allospecifics, categorised by shade tolerance, among the plots.

Results

Kauri forms sapling banks under conspecific trees that were less dense in late-successional forests and in those where the overstorey kauri showed symptoms of P. agathidicida infection. Despite having lower densities, kauri sapling growth rates were higher in symptomatic plots. The growth rates of light-demanding allospecifics were also higher in these plots, with minor differences in mortality and growth rates for more shade-tolerant allospecifics. P. agathidicida may promote sapling growth and survival of kauri and some allospecifics in infected plots.

Conclusions

Sapling vital rates and population sizes differed between asymptomatic and symptomatic plots, particularly in early-successional settings, where P. agathidicida may reset succession in early-successional communities back to those dominated by species that first colonised after disturbance.

目的了解林木病原菌对林下树苗种群的影响，对于了解其种群水平效应和感染群落可能的演替轨迹至关重要。我们评估了一种土壤传播的病原体疫霉（Phytophthora agathidicida）对易感、本地优势的冠层树针叶杉树（Agathis australis, Araucariaceae）幼树种群动态的影响。我们还研究了P. agathidicida对可能的抗性异体的间接影响，这些异体跨越树苗的遮荫耐受性范围，以预测未来的演替轨迹。位置Waitākere山脉，奥克兰西部，奥特罗瓦-新西兰。方法对奥特奥特瓦-新西兰暖温带雨林中4个以杉木为主的永久样地的数据进行分析。2个样地为早演替，2个样地为晚演替，每对1个样地上有明显的贝壳杉病征，另1个样地上无明显的贝壳杉病征。我们利用点模式分析方法研究了杉树与树苗之间的关系，以及树苗周围拥挤程度与树苗生长和存活率之间的关系。我们比较了不同样地杉木和异种树的生长和存活率，并按耐阴性进行分类。结果在晚演替森林中，杉木树在密度较低的同株树下形成树苗库，而在上层杉木树表现出agathidicida感染症状的地方形成树苗库。尽管密度较低，但有症状样地的杉木幼苗生长速率较高。在这些样地中，需光同种异体的生长速率也较高，而耐荫同种异体的死亡率和生长速率差异较小。对染区杉木和部分异体种有促进幼苗生长和成活的作用。结论无症状样地和有症状样地的树苗生长率和种群大小存在差异，特别是在演替早期，无症状样地的无症状样地的树苗生长率和种群大小存在差异，无症状样地的无症状样地的树苗生长率和种群大小存在差异。

{"title":"A Virulent Soil Pathogen Alters Temperate Rain Forest Understorey Sapling Population Dynamics and Successional Trajectories","authors":"Tobias A. W. Elliott, Peter J. Bellingham, George L. W. Perry, Bruce R. Burns","doi":"10.1111/jvs.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the impacts of forest tree pathogens on understorey sapling populations is critical for understanding their population-level effects and the likely successional trajectories of infected communities. We assessed the impacts of <i>Phytophthora agathidicida</i>, a soil-borne pathogen, on the sapling population dynamics of the disease-susceptible, locally dominant canopy tree, the conifer kauri (<i>Agathis australis</i>, Araucariaceae). We also examined the indirect effects of <i>P. agathidicida</i> on likely resistant allospecifics that span a range of shade-tolerances as saplings, to predict future successional trajectories.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Waitākere Ranges, west of Auckland, Aotearoa-New Zealand.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed data from four kauri-dominated permanent plots in Aotearoa-New Zealand warm temperate rain forests. Two plots were early-successional and two were late-successional, one in each pair had overstorey kauri showing intense visual <i>P. agathidicida</i> symptoms, and the other overstorey kauri showing few symptoms. We examined the association between kauri trees and saplings using point pattern analysis and the relationship between the level of crowding around saplings and their growth and survival rates. We compared the growth and survival rates of kauri and allospecifics, categorised by shade tolerance, among the plots.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Kauri forms sapling banks under conspecific trees that were less dense in late-successional forests and in those where the overstorey kauri showed symptoms of <i>P. agathidicida</i> infection. Despite having lower densities, kauri sapling growth rates were higher in symptomatic plots. The growth rates of light-demanding allospecifics were also higher in these plots, with minor differences in mortality and growth rates for more shade-tolerant allospecifics. <i>P. agathidicida</i> may promote sapling growth and survival of kauri and some allospecifics in infected plots.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sapling vital rates and population sizes differed between asymptomatic and symptomatic plots, particularly in early-successional settings, where <i>P. agathidicida</i> may reset succession in early-successional communities back to those dominated by species that first colonised after disturbance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How Does Fire Exclusion Affect the Belowground Biomass of Tropical Open Ecosystems? 火阻如何影响热带开放生态系统的地下生物量？

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70027

Juliana Teixeira, Lara Souza, Aline Bombo, Soizig Le Stradic

Aim

Belowground biomass, including roots and belowground bud-bearing organs, is crucial in tropical open ecosystems, particularly during post-fire regeneration. However, we still do not understand how variation in fire regime modulates the allocation of biomass in these belowground parts. In two distinct fire regimes, we investigated aboveground and belowground biomass, as well as the distribution of biomass and the composition of bud-bearing belowground organs in open tropical ecosystems.

Location

Five tropical open ecosystems in Brazil (from northern to southeast Brazil).

Methods

We assessed above- and belowground plant biomass across 100 plots (10 plots for each of the two treatment conditions i.e. frequently burnt and fire excluded, and at five sites in total). We sorted out biomass as live aboveground, belowground bud-bearing organs, coarse (> 2 mm) and fine roots (< 2 mm). Bud-bearing belowground organs were classified into morphological categories (e.g., xylopodia, woody rhizome and fleshy rhizome).

Results

Fire-excluded areas had a lower root-to-shoot ratio and lower total belowground-to-aboveground biomass allocation than areas frequently burnt. The total belowground biomass, as well as fine and coarse root biomass and belowground bud-bearing organ biomass, remained unchanged with fire exclusion. The composition of belowground bud-bearing organs changed towards organs with lateral spread, such as woody and fleshy rhizomes, when fire was excluded.

Conclusions

More than 10 years of fire exclusion did not affect the total belowground biomass but changed the composition of bud-bearing belowground organs in tropical open ecosystems. Even after 12 years of fire exclusion, bud-bearing belowground organs were still present in the community, ensuring resilience to fire even if they were not burned regularly.

目的地下生物量，包括根和地下发芽器官，在热带开放生态系统中至关重要，特别是在火灾后的再生过程中。然而，我们仍然不了解火灾制度的变化如何调节这些地下部分的生物量分配。在两种不同的火灾条件下，研究了热带开放生态系统的地上和地下生物量，以及生物量的分布和地下发芽器官的组成。地理位置巴西五个热带开放生态系统（从巴西北部到东南部）。方法我们评估了100个样地的地上和地下植物生物量（两种处理条件（即经常燃烧和不发生火灾）各10个样地，总共5个样地）。我们将生物量分为地上活根、地下生芽器官、粗根（2毫米）和细根（2毫米）。萌发的地下器官分为木脚、木本根茎和肉质根茎等形态类型。结果与频繁燃烧地区相比，无火地区的根冠比和地上、地下总生物量分配较低。地下总生物量、细根、粗根生物量和地下生芽器官生物量在禁火条件下基本保持不变。在除火条件下，地下生芽器官的组成向木质根状茎和肉质根状茎等侧展器官转变。结论10年以上的禁火对热带开放生态系统地下生物量总量没有影响，但改变了萌发器官的组成。即使在12年的火灾隔离之后，发芽的地下器官仍然存在于社区中，即使它们不经常被烧毁，也能确保它们对火灾的抵抗力。

{"title":"How Does Fire Exclusion Affect the Belowground Biomass of Tropical Open Ecosystems?","authors":"Juliana Teixeira, Lara Souza, Aline Bombo, Soizig Le Stradic","doi":"10.1111/jvs.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Belowground biomass, including roots and belowground bud-bearing organs, is crucial in tropical open ecosystems, particularly during post-fire regeneration. However, we still do not understand how variation in fire regime modulates the allocation of biomass in these belowground parts. In two distinct fire regimes, we investigated aboveground and belowground biomass, as well as the distribution of biomass and the composition of bud-bearing belowground organs in open tropical ecosystems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five tropical open ecosystems in Brazil (from northern to southeast Brazil).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assessed above- and belowground plant biomass across 100 plots (10 plots for each of the two treatment conditions i.e. frequently burnt and fire excluded, and at five sites in total). We sorted out biomass as live aboveground, belowground bud-bearing organs, coarse (> 2 mm) and fine roots (< 2 mm). Bud-bearing belowground organs were classified into morphological categories (e.g., xylopodia, woody rhizome and fleshy rhizome).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fire-excluded areas had a lower root-to-shoot ratio and lower total belowground-to-aboveground biomass allocation than areas frequently burnt. The total belowground biomass, as well as fine and coarse root biomass and belowground bud-bearing organ biomass, remained unchanged with fire exclusion. The composition of belowground bud-bearing organs changed towards organs with lateral spread, such as woody and fleshy rhizomes, when fire was excluded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>More than 10 years of fire exclusion did not affect the total belowground biomass but changed the composition of bud-bearing belowground organs in tropical open ecosystems. Even after 12 years of fire exclusion, bud-bearing belowground organs were still present in the community, ensuring resilience to fire even if they were not burned regularly.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detecting Subtle Change in Species and Trait Composition and Quantifying Its Uncertainty in a Boreal Peatland 检测北方泥炭地物种和性状组成的微妙变化并量化其不确定性

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70025

Aino Korrensalo, Juho Kettunen, Lauri Mehtätalo, Jarno Vanhatalo, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila

Aims

Climate change-induced changes in vegetation may be at first subtle and occur only locally within the ecosystem, complicating their reliable detection. We aimed to quantify short-term changes in species and trait composition in a moss-dominated ecosystem and to examine the associated uncertainty at the local and study area scales.

Location

Pristine boreal fen (Siikaneva) in Central Finland.

Methods

We applied the recently developed pre-emptive joint species distribution model (pJSDM) to quantify the change in plant species and functional trait composition over 12 years. pJSDM allows spatially continuous prediction of change and the associated uncertainty from pointwise observations to the whole ecosystem. It includes the pre-emptive competition for space within mosses that are an important component in many high-latitude ecosystems. To address the mechanisms shaping the plant community, pJSDM was extended to predict the change in trait distribution parameters.

Results

Within the studied peatland, we detected changes in species and trait composition that were small in magnitude but occurred with high probability. Some of the changes occurred only locally, others over the whole study area, and some of the local changes occurred in opposing directions. The species originally found in the drier locations increased in abundance. Also, an increase in Sphagnum capitulum size was detected, indicating adaptation to drier conditions. The cover of wet-adapted species decreased at the study area scale but displayed local increases.

Conclusions

The studied peatland showed nonuniform change in species and trait composition. The observed short-term changes are in line with earlier descriptions of multidecadal drying and ombrotrophication of peatland vegetation and suggest increasing contrasts within the vegetation. The applied approach, pJSDM paired with trait distribution parameters, showed potential in revealing ongoing subtle changes in moss-dominated vegetation.

气候变化引起的植被变化最初可能是微妙的，并且只发生在生态系统的局部区域，这使它们的可靠检测变得复杂。我们的目标是量化苔藓为主的生态系统中物种和性状组成的短期变化，并在局部和研究区域尺度上检查相关的不确定性。地理位置芬兰中部原始的北方沼泽（Siikaneva）方法采用新建立的先发制人联合物种分布模型（pre-emptive joint species distribution model, pJSDM），量化12年来植物种类和功能性状组成的变化。pJSDM允许从逐点观测到整个生态系统的变化和相关不确定性的空间连续预测。它包括对苔藓中空间的先发制人的竞争，而苔藓是许多高纬度生态系统的重要组成部分。为了研究植物群落的形成机制，将pJSDM扩展到性状分布参数的预测中。结果在研究的泥炭地中，我们发现物种和性状组成的变化幅度很小，但发生的概率很大。有些变化只发生在局部，有些变化发生在整个研究区域，有些局部变化发生在相反的方向。原本在干旱地区发现的物种数量增加了。此外，小头藻的大小也有所增加，表明其对干旱环境的适应。在研究区尺度上，湿适应物种的覆盖度呈下降趋势，但局部呈上升趋势。结论泥炭地的物种组成和性状组成变化不均匀。观测到的短期变化与先前关于泥炭地植被多年代际干燥和营养化的描述一致，并表明植被内部的差异越来越大。应用pJSDM与性状分布参数配对的方法，显示了揭示苔藓优势植被持续细微变化的潜力。

{"title":"Detecting Subtle Change in Species and Trait Composition and Quantifying Its Uncertainty in a Boreal Peatland","authors":"Aino Korrensalo, Juho Kettunen, Lauri Mehtätalo, Jarno Vanhatalo, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila","doi":"10.1111/jvs.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Climate change-induced changes in vegetation may be at first subtle and occur only locally within the ecosystem, complicating their reliable detection. We aimed to quantify short-term changes in species and trait composition in a moss-dominated ecosystem and to examine the associated uncertainty at the local and study area scales.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pristine boreal fen (Siikaneva) in Central Finland.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We applied the recently developed pre-emptive joint species distribution model (<i>pJSDM</i>) to quantify the change in plant species and functional trait composition over 12 years. <i>pJSDM</i> allows spatially continuous prediction of change and the associated uncertainty from pointwise observations to the whole ecosystem. It includes the pre-emptive competition for space within mosses that are an important component in many high-latitude ecosystems. To address the mechanisms shaping the plant community, <i>pJSDM</i> was extended to predict the change in trait distribution parameters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Within the studied peatland, we detected changes in species and trait composition that were small in magnitude but occurred with high probability. Some of the changes occurred only locally, others over the whole study area, and some of the local changes occurred in opposing directions. The species originally found in the drier locations increased in abundance. Also, an increase in <i>Sphagnum</i> capitulum size was detected, indicating adaptation to drier conditions. The cover of wet-adapted species decreased at the study area scale but displayed local increases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The studied peatland showed nonuniform change in species and trait composition. The observed short-term changes are in line with earlier descriptions of multidecadal drying and ombrotrophication of peatland vegetation and suggest increasing contrasts within the vegetation. The applied approach, <i>pJSDM</i> paired with trait distribution parameters, showed potential in revealing ongoing subtle changes in moss-dominated vegetation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dieback of Calluna vulgaris in a Coastal Heathland After the 2018 Extreme Drought 2018年极端干旱后，沿海希思兰地区的卡卢纳的枯死

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70024

Alba Anadon-Rosell, Melanie Dombrowsky, Jürgen Kreyling, Irmgard Blindow, Sven Dahlke, Tobias Dahms, Felix Räder, Leonie Vogelsang, Tobias Scharnweber

Aims

Central and northern Europe experienced extremely dry conditions in 2018, which caused dieback events in many ecosystems, including coastal heathlands. Our aim was to determine the causes of the varying drought responses observed in Calluna vulgaris on the Baltic island of Hiddensee after this extreme drought.

Location

Island of Hiddensee, Baltic Sea, NE Germany.

Methods

We assessed heathland community damage in autumn 2018 and 2019 with drone-based remote sensing. In addition, we measured water table depths and excavated root samples of C. vulgaris. In 2019, we sampled neighboring C. vulgaris individuals showing contrasting vitality statuses (dead, weakened or healthy), measured their height and canopy width, and prepared cross-sections of the main stem at the root collar or soil surface level to count and measure their xylem rings. We also assessed climate-growth correlations in these individuals.

Results

An 8.0% of all heathland plants showed damage in 2018, while this value decreased to 6.6% in 2019. Only 18% of the plants showing damage in 2018 recovered in 2019. Plant damage was positively related to elevation. Groundwater measurements showed that water table depth dropped below C. vulgaris rooting depth during 2018 and 2019. Healthy plants were taller and had a larger crown area than neighboring weakened and dead individuals, but they did not differ in age nor in previous years' growth. C. vulgaris growth was positively correlated with June and July precipitation.

Conclusions

Our study evidences the negative impacts of extreme droughts on C. vulgaris in coastal heathlands, especially in individuals growing in elevated areas and/or relatively small-sized a, and emphasizes the need for adapting heathland management planning accordingly.

2018年，中欧和北欧经历了极度干旱，导致包括沿海荒原在内的许多生态系统枯死。我们的目的是确定在这次极端干旱之后，波罗的海的Hiddensee岛上的Calluna vulgaris观测到的不同干旱反应的原因。位置：德国东北部，波罗的海，隐藏岛。方法利用无人机遥感技术对2018年和2019年秋季的荒原群落损害进行评估。此外，我们还对地下水位进行了测量，并进行了根样挖掘。2019年，我们对相邻的C. vulgaris个体进行了活力状态（死亡、衰弱或健康）对比取样，测量了其高度和冠层宽度，并在根颈或土壤表面水平制备了主茎截面，对其木质部环进行了计数和测量。我们还评估了这些个体的气候增长相关性。结果2018年有8.0%的石楠属植物出现损害，2019年下降到6.6%。2018年受损的工厂中，只有18%在2019年恢复了。植物损伤与海拔高度呈正相关。地下水测量结果显示，2018年和2019年，地下水位下降到地下生根深度以下。健康株比邻近的衰弱株和死亡株高，树冠面积大，但年龄和前几年的生长情况没有差异。6月和7月降水量与柽柳生长呈正相关。结论极端干旱对滨海石南荒原中寻常草（C. vulgaris）的负面影响，特别是对生长在高架地区和（或）相对较小面积的石南草原个体的负面影响，并强调了相应的石南荒原管理规划的必要性。

{"title":"Dieback of Calluna vulgaris in a Coastal Heathland After the 2018 Extreme Drought","authors":"Alba Anadon-Rosell, Melanie Dombrowsky, Jürgen Kreyling, Irmgard Blindow, Sven Dahlke, Tobias Dahms, Felix Räder, Leonie Vogelsang, Tobias Scharnweber","doi":"10.1111/jvs.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Central and northern Europe experienced extremely dry conditions in 2018, which caused dieback events in many ecosystems, including coastal heathlands. Our aim was to determine the causes of the varying drought responses observed in <i>Calluna vulgaris</i> on the Baltic island of Hiddensee after this extreme drought.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Island of Hiddensee, Baltic Sea, NE Germany.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assessed heathland community damage in autumn 2018 and 2019 with drone-based remote sensing. In addition, we measured water table depths and excavated root samples of <i>C. vulgaris</i>. In 2019, we sampled neighboring <i>C. vulgaris</i> individuals showing contrasting vitality statuses (dead, weakened or healthy), measured their height and canopy width, and prepared cross-sections of the main stem at the root collar or soil surface level to count and measure their xylem rings. We also assessed climate-growth correlations in these individuals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An 8.0% of all heathland plants showed damage in 2018, while this value decreased to 6.6% in 2019. Only 18% of the plants showing damage in 2018 recovered in 2019. Plant damage was positively related to elevation. Groundwater measurements showed that water table depth dropped below <i>C. vulgaris</i> rooting depth during 2018 and 2019. Healthy plants were taller and had a larger crown area than neighboring weakened and dead individuals, but they did not differ in age nor in previous years' growth. <i>C. vulgaris</i> growth was positively correlated with June and July precipitation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study evidences the negative impacts of extreme droughts on <i>C. vulgaris</i> in coastal heathlands, especially in individuals growing in elevated areas and/or relatively small-sized a, and emphasizes the need for adapting heathland management planning accordingly.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enemy Behind the Gates? Predicted Climate Change and Land-Use Intensification Likely Speed Up C4 Grass Invasions in Europe 门后的敌人？预测的气候变化和土地利用集约化可能加速欧洲C4草的入侵

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70023

Patricia Elizabeth Díaz Cando, Annamária Fenesi, Judit Sonkoly, Peliyagodage Chathura Dineth Perera, Péter Török

<div> <section> <h3> Aims</h3> <p>Climate change is expected to bolster opportunities for alien species' establishment and spread. In Europe, alien C4 grass species have the potential to benefit from a changing climate, being better adapted to higher temperatures and heat stress. Our aim was to compile an up-to-date inventory of alien C4 grass species in Europe, to find information about their distribution and country- and region-wise statuses, to identify the most widespread and high-risk species, and the most invaded habitat types, and to draw the temporal trends of their European establishment.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Europe.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We used the standard systematic literature review methodology to identify relevant publications and online plant distribution databases to get an up-to-date list of alien C4 grass species in Europe. We aimed also to gather information on (1) their current country- and region-wise distribution; (2) alien status in each country (casual, naturalised, invasive); (3) the most widespread and high-risk species; (4) native climatic zones and habitat preferences of each species in European countries; and (5) temporal distribution patterns of the identified species.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>We detected 133 alien C4 grass species across Europe, with the highest number of species in western European countries (103 species) and the lowest in northern Europe (69 species), with considerable overlap amongst regions. Southern Europe stands out with the highest number of naturalised (55) and invasive (21) species compared to other regions, while northern Europe has the highest number of casual species (53). We identified the most widespread and high-risk species, including those from tropical and subtropical climatic zones, which pose the highest invasion risks. These species predominantly occur in ruderal and anthropogenic habitat types, but also in natural habitat types, especially in grasslands. Regarding temporal trends, we detected an alarming increase in the establishment of tropical C4 grasses in Europe in recent decades.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>Many European countries already harbour a high number of C4 grass species, but with different alien statuses. Besides climate and invasion potential, human activities are also important factors in the ongoing invasion process of alien C4 grass species. Collective actions are requ

气候变化有望为外来物种的建立和传播提供机会。在欧洲，外来的C4草物种有可能从气候变化中受益，更好地适应更高的温度和热应激。本研究的目的是编制欧洲外来C4草物种的最新清单，以了解其分布、国家和地区状况，确定最广泛和高风险的物种，以及入侵最多的栖息地类型，并绘制其在欧洲建立的时间趋势。位置欧洲。方法采用标准的系统文献综述方法，检索相关出版物和在线植物分布数据库，获取最新的欧洲外来C4草种名录。我们还旨在收集以下信息：(1)它们目前在国家和地区的分布情况；(2)每个国家的外国人身份（临时、归化、入侵）；(3)分布最广、高危种；(4)欧洲各国原生气候带和各物种的生境偏好；(5)所鉴定种的时间分布格局。结果在全欧洲共检测到外来C4草133种，其中西欧国家最多（103种），北欧最少（69种），各区域间存在一定的重叠。与其他地区相比，南欧的归化物种（55种）和入侵物种（21种）数量最多，而北欧的偶然物种数量最多（53种）。我们确定了分布最广和风险最高的物种，包括热带和亚热带气候区，它们构成了最高的入侵风险。这些物种主要分布在野外和人为生境类型中，但也分布在自然生境类型中，特别是在草原中。在时间趋势方面，我们发现近几十年来欧洲热带C4禾草的建立出现了惊人的增长。结论许多欧洲国家已经拥有大量的C4草物种，但具有不同的外来状态。除气候和入侵潜力外，人类活动也是影响外来C4草入侵过程的重要因素。需要采取集体行动来制止这一令人担忧的生物多样性问题。

{"title":"Enemy Behind the Gates? Predicted Climate Change and Land-Use Intensification Likely Speed Up C4 Grass Invasions in Europe","authors":"Patricia Elizabeth Díaz Cando, Annamária Fenesi, Judit Sonkoly, Peliyagodage Chathura Dineth Perera, Péter Török","doi":"10.1111/jvs.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Climate change is expected to bolster opportunities for alien species' establishment and spread. In Europe, alien C4 grass species have the potential to benefit from a changing climate, being better adapted to higher temperatures and heat stress. Our aim was to compile an up-to-date inventory of alien C4 grass species in Europe, to find information about their distribution and country- and region-wise statuses, to identify the most widespread and high-risk species, and the most invaded habitat types, and to draw the temporal trends of their European establishment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Europe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used the standard systematic literature review methodology to identify relevant publications and online plant distribution databases to get an up-to-date list of alien C4 grass species in Europe. We aimed also to gather information on (1) their current country- and region-wise distribution; (2) alien status in each country (casual, naturalised, invasive); (3) the most widespread and high-risk species; (4) native climatic zones and habitat preferences of each species in European countries; and (5) temporal distribution patterns of the identified species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We detected 133 alien C4 grass species across Europe, with the highest number of species in western European countries (103 species) and the lowest in northern Europe (69 species), with considerable overlap amongst regions. Southern Europe stands out with the highest number of naturalised (55) and invasive (21) species compared to other regions, while northern Europe has the highest number of casual species (53). We identified the most widespread and high-risk species, including those from tropical and subtropical climatic zones, which pose the highest invasion risks. These species predominantly occur in ruderal and anthropogenic habitat types, but also in natural habitat types, especially in grasslands. Regarding temporal trends, we detected an alarming increase in the establishment of tropical C4 grasses in Europe in recent decades.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Many European countries already harbour a high number of C4 grass species, but with different alien statuses. Besides climate and invasion potential, human activities are also important factors in the ongoing invasion process of alien C4 grass species. Collective actions are requ","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shrubs as Nurse Species for Plant Communities in Arid Environments: A Case Study From Socotra Island (Yemen) 干旱环境下灌木作为植物群落的看护物种——以也门索科特拉岛为例

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70020

Dario La Montagna, Michele De Sanctis, Petr Maděra, Kay Van Damme, Salem Hamdiah, Fabio Attorre, Luca Malatesta

<div> <section> <h3> Question</h3> <p>Plant–plant facilitation is a critical ecological mechanism in arid environments, influencing biodiversity and ecosystem resilience globally. Shrubs often serve as nurse species, enhancing tree regeneration and sheltering plant communities, particularly in overgrazed or degraded habitats. In this study, we examine the role of shrubs as nurse species in the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen), a biodiversity hotspot in which several endemic tree species, including the iconic frankincense (<i>Boswellia</i> spp.), myrrh (<i>Commiphora</i> spp.), and Socotran dragon's blood (<i>Dracaena cinnabari</i>) trees, are threatened. This is largely due to a lack of natural regeneration caused by the combined effects of overgrazing by goats, sheep, and climatic events such as extreme droughts and cyclones. To aid conservation of threatened trees in arid regions, nature-based solutions are urgently needed to help tree regeneration. Effective nurse plants have this potential, particularly in arid environments. We therefore examined the role of thorny, poisonous, and/or unpalatable shrubs as nurse plants in sheltering threatened plant communities, with a focus on woody species in an arid insular context.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Study Area</h3> <p>The Socotra Archipelago (Yemen) situated in the western Indian Ocean, east of the Horn of Africa. It is a biodiversity sanctuary and a UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Vegetation surveys were conducted in 144 paired plots under six common shrub species and adjacent open areas. Community data, environmental variables, and functional traits were analysed using RLQ and fourth-corner analyses, while Linear Mixed Models (LMMs) evaluated the effects of environmental variables and nurse species on key functional traits based on Community Weighted Means (CWMs). Facilitation effects were quantified using the Relative Interaction Index (RII).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Our analysis revealed significant variations in species composition and functional traits between under-canopy and open-area plots. Certain shrubs, such as <i>Cebatha balfourii</i>, facilitated significantly higher species richness under its canopy compared to open areas. Elevation and grazing pressure influenced these interactions, with notable effects on functional traits like the occurrence of legumes and tree growth forms. <i>Buxus hildebrandtii</i> was less effective in supporting species richness, while <i>C. balfourii, Lycium sokotranum</i>, and two <i>Cissus

植物间的促进作用是干旱环境下重要的生态机制，影响着全球生物多样性和生态系统的恢复力。灌木通常作为看护树种，促进树木再生和保护植物群落，特别是在过度放牧或退化的栖息地。在这项研究中，我们研究了灌木在索科特拉群岛（也门）作为看护物种的作用，索科特拉群岛是一个生物多样性热点，其中一些特有树种，包括标志性的乳香树（Boswellia spp.）、没药树（Commiphora spp.）和索科特拉龙血树（Dracaena cinnabari）受到威胁。这在很大程度上是由于山羊和绵羊过度放牧以及极端干旱和飓风等气候事件的综合影响造成的自然再生不足。为了保护干旱地区受威胁的树木，迫切需要基于自然的解决方案来帮助树木再生。有效的护理植物具有这种潜力，特别是在干旱环境中。因此，我们研究了带刺、有毒和/或难吃的灌木在保护受威胁植物群落中的作用，重点研究了干旱岛屿环境下的木本物种。研究区域索科特拉群岛（也门）位于印度洋西部，非洲之角以东。它是一个生物多样性保护区，也是联合国教科文组织的世界自然遗产。方法对6种常见灌木和相邻开阔地的144个样地进行植被调查。采用RLQ法和四角分析法对群落数据、环境变量和功能性状进行分析，采用线性混合模型（lms）基于群落加权均值（CWMs）评估环境变量和护理物种对关键功能性状的影响。采用相对相互作用指数（Relative Interaction Index， RII）对促进效应进行量化。结果林下样地和空地样地的物种组成和功能性状存在显著差异。某些灌木，如Cebatha balfourii，在其冠层下的物种丰富度显著高于开放区域。海拔和放牧压力影响了这些相互作用，对豆科植物的发生和树木生长形式等功能性状有显著影响。黄杨（Buxus hildebrandtii）对物种丰富度的支持作用较弱，而青叶枸杞（C. balfourii）、枸杞（Lycium sokotranum）和两种枸杞（Cissus）具有显著的正向促进作用。LMMs证实了环境变量和护理灌木特征在植物群落动态形成中的重要性。结论所研究物种的促进潜力存在差异，其中一些物种通过改善微生境和保护草食表现出更强的护理庇护能力。灌木下存在的树种得到了证实，这些看护物种在支持不同植物群落中的作用为保护策略提供了重要的见解，支持生物多样性的恢复和可持续管理，如索科特拉岛和其他干旱环境的退化景观。未来的工作应侧重于利用护理灌木来减轻环境压力和加强生态恢复，特别是帮助保护范围有限和受威胁的植物物种。

{"title":"Shrubs as Nurse Species for Plant Communities in Arid Environments: A Case Study From Socotra Island (Yemen)","authors":"Dario La Montagna, Michele De Sanctis, Petr Maděra, Kay Van Damme, Salem Hamdiah, Fabio Attorre, Luca Malatesta","doi":"10.1111/jvs.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Question</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plant–plant facilitation is a critical ecological mechanism in arid environments, influencing biodiversity and ecosystem resilience globally. Shrubs often serve as nurse species, enhancing tree regeneration and sheltering plant communities, particularly in overgrazed or degraded habitats. In this study, we examine the role of shrubs as nurse species in the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen), a biodiversity hotspot in which several endemic tree species, including the iconic frankincense (<i>Boswellia</i> spp.), myrrh (<i>Commiphora</i> spp.), and Socotran dragon's blood (<i>Dracaena cinnabari</i>) trees, are threatened. This is largely due to a lack of natural regeneration caused by the combined effects of overgrazing by goats, sheep, and climatic events such as extreme droughts and cyclones. To aid conservation of threatened trees in arid regions, nature-based solutions are urgently needed to help tree regeneration. Effective nurse plants have this potential, particularly in arid environments. We therefore examined the role of thorny, poisonous, and/or unpalatable shrubs as nurse plants in sheltering threatened plant communities, with a focus on woody species in an arid insular context.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study Area</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Socotra Archipelago (Yemen) situated in the western Indian Ocean, east of the Horn of Africa. It is a biodiversity sanctuary and a UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vegetation surveys were conducted in 144 paired plots under six common shrub species and adjacent open areas. Community data, environmental variables, and functional traits were analysed using RLQ and fourth-corner analyses, while Linear Mixed Models (LMMs) evaluated the effects of environmental variables and nurse species on key functional traits based on Community Weighted Means (CWMs). Facilitation effects were quantified using the Relative Interaction Index (RII).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our analysis revealed significant variations in species composition and functional traits between under-canopy and open-area plots. Certain shrubs, such as <i>Cebatha balfourii</i>, facilitated significantly higher species richness under its canopy compared to open areas. Elevation and grazing pressure influenced these interactions, with notable effects on functional traits like the occurrence of legumes and tree growth forms. <i>Buxus hildebrandtii</i> was less effective in supporting species richness, while <i>C. balfourii, Lycium sokotranum</i>, and two <i>Cissus","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental Warming Affects Salt Marsh Litter Decomposition Through Changes in Plant Species Assemblage 实验变暖通过改变植物物种组合影响盐沼凋落物分解

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70022

Maria Victoria Larrosa, Diana I. Montemayor, Eugenia Fanjul, Juan Alberti, Carlos Martín Bruschetti, Paulina Martinetto, Jesús Pascual, Oscar Iribarne, Pedro Daleo

Questions

Salt marshes are highly productive coastal ecosystems that, like other coastal wetlands, play a key role in climate change mitigation due to their efficiency in sequestering and storing atmospheric carbon (C). This ability is partly explained by the low decomposition rates of organic matter that is buried in their sediments. However, given that decomposition dynamics are temperature-dependent, escalating temperatures potentially threaten salt marsh C sequestration capacity. The question addressed in this study is whether increasing temperature affects salt marsh detritus decomposition rates not only directly but also indirectly by affecting plant community composition.

Location

We performed a field manipulative experiment in a Southwestern Atlantic salt marsh in the Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon, Argentina.

Methods

We increased temperature using open-top chambers (OTCs). At the end of a 3-year experiment, we estimated plant species cover at each plot and estimated litter decomposition rates with a litterbag approach using a standardized substrate (i.e., Spartina litter) and a community-based substrate.

Results

Results show that the use of OTCs raised the temperature in warming treatments by 1.05°C on average. After 3 years of experiment, the plant community structure under warming was characterized by increased dominance of Spartina densiflora, which produces a less labile detritus. Warming reduced the decomposition of community-based litter by 50% to levels similar to those of the standardized Spartina litter.

Conclusions

Our results show that warming is likely to have significant consequences on salt marsh plant community structure, increasing the biomass of the dominant species and driving more recalcitrant litter production, which could slow decomposition dynamics. Despite only covering 0.3% of the land surface, salt marshes are important C reservoirs; thus, the contrasting dynamics of warming on salt marsh decomposition should be considered when assessing the broader effects of global change.

盐沼是高产的沿海生态系统，像其他沿海湿地一样，由于其有效地隔离和储存大气中的碳(C)，在减缓气候变化方面发挥着关键作用。这种能力的部分原因是埋在盐沼沉积物中的有机物分解率低。然而，鉴于分解动力学依赖于温度，温度升高可能会威胁到盐沼的碳封存能力。本研究解决的问题是，温度升高是否不仅直接而且间接地通过影响植物群落组成来影响盐沼碎屑分解速率。我们在阿根廷Mar Chiquita沿海泻湖的西南大西洋盐沼进行了现场操作实验。方法采用开顶室（OTCs）加温。在为期3年的试验结束时，我们利用标准化基质（即米草属凋落物）和基于社区的基质，采用凋落物袋法估算了每个样地的植物种类覆盖和凋落物分解率。结果：使用外加剂可使温疗温度平均升高1.05℃；3年的实验结果表明，增温条件下的植物群落结构表现为密米草优势增加，产生的碎屑较少。变暖使社区凋落物的分解率降低了50%，降至与标准化米草属凋落物相似的水平。研究结果表明，气候变暖可能对盐沼植物群落结构产生显著影响，增加优势物种的生物量，并导致更顽固的凋落物产生，从而减缓分解动态。尽管盐沼只占陆地面积的0.3%，但它是重要的碳库；因此，在评估全球变化的更广泛影响时，应考虑到变暖对盐沼分解的对比动态。

{"title":"Experimental Warming Affects Salt Marsh Litter Decomposition Through Changes in Plant Species Assemblage","authors":"Maria Victoria Larrosa, Diana I. Montemayor, Eugenia Fanjul, Juan Alberti, Carlos Martín Bruschetti, Paulina Martinetto, Jesús Pascual, Oscar Iribarne, Pedro Daleo","doi":"10.1111/jvs.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Salt marshes are highly productive coastal ecosystems that, like other coastal wetlands, play a key role in climate change mitigation due to their efficiency in sequestering and storing atmospheric carbon (C). This ability is partly explained by the low decomposition rates of organic matter that is buried in their sediments. However, given that decomposition dynamics are temperature-dependent, escalating temperatures potentially threaten salt marsh C sequestration capacity. The question addressed in this study is whether increasing temperature affects salt marsh detritus decomposition rates not only directly but also indirectly by affecting plant community composition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed a field manipulative experiment in a Southwestern Atlantic salt marsh in the Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon, Argentina.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We increased temperature using open-top chambers (OTCs). At the end of a 3-year experiment, we estimated plant species cover at each plot and estimated litter decomposition rates with a litterbag approach using a standardized substrate (i.e., <i>Spartina</i> litter) and a community-based substrate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results show that the use of OTCs raised the temperature in warming treatments by 1.05°C on average. After 3 years of experiment, the plant community structure under warming was characterized by increased dominance of <i>Spartina densiflora</i>, which produces a less labile detritus. Warming reduced the decomposition of community-based litter by 50% to levels similar to those of the standardized <i>Spartina</i> litter.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results show that warming is likely to have significant consequences on salt marsh plant community structure, increasing the biomass of the dominant species and driving more recalcitrant litter production, which could slow decomposition dynamics. Despite only covering 0.3% of the land surface, salt marshes are important C reservoirs; thus, the contrasting dynamics of warming on salt marsh decomposition should be considered when assessing the broader effects of global change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fine Scale Patterns and Drivers of Plant Species Richness on a Sub-Antarctic Island 亚南极岛屿植物物种丰富度的精细尺度格局及其驱动因素

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70015

Joshua Tsamba, Peter C. le Roux, Luis R. Pertierra, Bongekile S. N. Kuhlase, Michelle Greve

Aims

Cold environments, such as polar systems, are highly vulnerable to global change drivers such as climate change and invasive species. Therefore, it is essential to assess what drives the diversity of native and invasive species in these systems.

Location

We investigated what drives native and alien plant species richness on sub-Antarctic Marion Island and determined the scale-dependence of these drivers.

Methods

Native and alien plant species richness was surveyed at “small” (1 m²) and “large” (9 m²) sampling grains. Difference in richness between the two sampling grains was calculated to assess how local turnover contributes to species assemblage. The factors driving richness at both grains, and the differences in richness between the two grains, were analysed using simultaneous auto-regressive models. Drivers related to energy and environmental heterogeneity were correlated with native richness, whilst drivers related to productivity were related to alien richness.

Results

Biotic interactions with a cushion plant facilitated native richness, but restricted alien richness at low elevations. Further, some drivers of richness depended on spatial grain. Native richness was positively related to northness at large, but not small grain size, suggesting that higher northness increases local turnover at a grain size > 1 m². On the other hand, topographical wetness index (TWI) boosted native richness at small but not large grains, implying that competition for water limits coexistence at low TWI (i.e., low moisture availability) only at small grain. Differences in native species richness between large and small grain sizes were more pronounced at low elevations, suggesting higher compositional heterogeneity at low altitudes.

Conclusions

Our study highlights that drivers of plant species richness in a polar ecosystem differ between native and alien plant species. Additionally, the effects of some drivers on richness differ between sampling grains, and considering these differences provides insight into drivers of local patterns of species assemblage.

极地系统等寒冷环境极易受到气候变化和物种入侵等全球变化驱动因素的影响。因此，有必要评估驱动这些系统中本地和入侵物种多样性的因素。研究了亚南极马里恩岛本地和外来植物物种丰富度的驱动因素，并确定了这些驱动因素的尺度依赖性。方法在“小”（1 m2）和“大”（9 m2）取样颗粒上调查本地和外来植物物种丰富度。计算了两种采样颗粒之间的丰富度差异，以评估局部周转对物种组合的贡献。利用同步自回归模型分析了两种颗粒丰富度的驱动因子，以及两种颗粒之间丰富度的差异。与能源和环境异质性相关的驱动因素与本地丰富度相关，而与生产力相关的驱动因素与外来丰富度相关。结果与垫层植物的生物相互作用促进了低海拔地区的本地丰富度，限制了外来丰富度。此外，丰富度的一些驱动因素依赖于空间粒度。总体上，原生丰富度与北纬度呈正相关，但与小粒级无关，说明北纬度越大，1 m2粒级的土壤周转量越大。另一方面，地形湿度指数（TWI）提高了小粒而不是大粒的天然丰富度，这意味着对水分的竞争限制了低TWI（即低水分有效度）下小粒的共存。在低海拔地区，大、小粒度本地物种丰富度差异更明显，表明低海拔地区具有更高的多样性。结论本研究强调了极地生态系统中植物物种丰富度的驱动因素在本地和外来植物物种之间存在差异。此外，一些驱动因素对丰富度的影响在不同采样颗粒之间存在差异，考虑这些差异有助于深入了解物种组合的局部模式驱动因素。

{"title":"Fine Scale Patterns and Drivers of Plant Species Richness on a Sub-Antarctic Island","authors":"Joshua Tsamba, Peter C. le Roux, Luis R. Pertierra, Bongekile S. N. Kuhlase, Michelle Greve","doi":"10.1111/jvs.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cold environments, such as polar systems, are highly vulnerable to global change drivers such as climate change and invasive species. Therefore, it is essential to assess what drives the diversity of native and invasive species in these systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigated what drives native and alien plant species richness on sub-Antarctic Marion Island and determined the scale-dependence of these drivers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Native and alien plant species richness was surveyed at “small” (1 m<sup>2</sup>) and “large” (9 m<sup>2</sup>) sampling grains. Difference in richness between the two sampling grains was calculated to assess how local turnover contributes to species assemblage. The factors driving richness at both grains, and the differences in richness between the two grains, were analysed using simultaneous auto-regressive models. Drivers related to energy and environmental heterogeneity were correlated with native richness, whilst drivers related to productivity were related to alien richness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biotic interactions with a cushion plant facilitated native richness, but restricted alien richness at low elevations. Further, some drivers of richness depended on spatial grain. Native richness was positively related to northness at large, but not small grain size, suggesting that higher northness increases local turnover at a grain size > 1 m<sup>2</sup>. On the other hand, topographical wetness index (TWI) boosted native richness at small but not large grains, implying that competition for water limits coexistence at low TWI (i.e., low moisture availability) only at small grain. Differences in native species richness between large and small grain sizes were more pronounced at low elevations, suggesting higher compositional heterogeneity at low altitudes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study highlights that drivers of plant species richness in a polar ecosystem differ between native and alien plant species. Additionally, the effects of some drivers on richness differ between sampling grains, and considering these differences provides insight into drivers of local patterns of species assemblage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0