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Targeting gap junctional intercellular communication by hepatocarcinogenic compounds. 肝癌化合物靶向间隙连接细胞间通讯。
IF 7.2 2区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2020-08-17 Epub Date: 2020-06-22 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2020.1781010
Kaat Leroy, Alanah Pieters, Andrés Tabernilla, Axelle Cooreman, Raf Van Campenhout, Bruno Cogliati, Mathieu Vinken

Gap junctions in liver, as in other organs, play a critical role in tissue homeostasis. Inherently, these cellular constituents are major targets for systemic toxicity and diseases, including cancer. This review provides an overview of chemicals that compromise liver gap junctions, in particular biological toxins, organic solvents, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, peroxides, metals and phthalates. The focus in this review is placed upon the mechanistic scenarios that underlie these adverse effects. Further, the potential use of gap junctional activity as an in vitro biomarker to identify non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogenic chemicals is discussed.

与其他器官一样,肝脏的间隙连接在组织稳态中起着关键作用。从本质上讲,这些细胞成分是系统性毒性和包括癌症在内的疾病的主要靶点。本文综述了损害肝间隙连接的化学物质,特别是生物毒素、有机溶剂、农药、药物、过氧化物、金属和邻苯二甲酸盐。本综述的重点放在这些不利影响的机制上。此外,本文还讨论了间隙连接活性作为一种体外生物标志物识别非遗传毒性致肝癌化学物质的潜在用途。
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引用次数: 3
Low toxicity and high efficacy in use of novel approaches to control Aedes aegypti. 使用新方法控制埃及伊蚊低毒高效。
IF 7.2 2区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2020-08-17 Epub Date: 2020-06-09 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2020.1776655
Vanessa Santana Vieira Santos, Boscolli Barbosa Pereira

Arthropod-borne viruses are a group of etiologic agents accounting for different incapacitating diseases that progress to severe and lethal forms in animal and human targets consequently representing a significant burden on public health and global economies. Although attempts were undertaken to combat Aedes aegypti, the primary urban mosquito vector of several life-threatening diseases, the misuse of chemical pesticides, development of resistance, and toxicity on non-target species still need to be overcome. In this context, it is imperative for development of long-lasting, novel approaches envisioning effective control of Aedes aegypti, mainly in endemic regions. Thus, the present review was undertaken to describe safe and eco-friendly approaches as potential weapons against Aedes aegypti. Accordingly, the findings discussed indicated that biological larvicides and genetic engineering technologies constitute noteworthy alternatives of future mosquito-borne arbovirus disease control efforts.

节肢动物传播的病毒是造成各种致残疾病的一组病原体,这些疾病在动物和人类目标中发展为严重和致命形式,因此对公共卫生和全球经济构成重大负担。埃及伊蚊是几种威胁生命的疾病的主要城市蚊子媒介,尽管已作出努力防治埃及伊蚊,但仍需克服化学农药的滥用、抗药性的产生以及对非目标物种的毒性。在这种情况下,必须开发持久、新颖的方法,以期主要在流行地区有效控制埃及伊蚊。因此,本综述旨在描述安全和环保的方法作为对抗埃及伊蚊的潜在武器。因此,研究结果表明,生物杀幼虫剂和基因工程技术是未来蚊媒虫媒病毒病控制的重要替代方案。
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引用次数: 4
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and male reproductive health: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence. 全氟和多氟烷基物质与男性生殖健康:流行病学证据的系统审查。
IF 7.2 2区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2020-08-17 Epub Date: 2020-08-02 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2020.1798315
Kajsa Ugelvig Petersen, Josefine Rahbæk Larsen, Laura Deen, Esben Meulengracht Flachs, Katia Keglberg Hærvig, Sidsel Dan Hull, Jens Peter Ellekilde Bonde, Sandra Søgaard Tøttenborg

Exposure to environmental pollutants may produce impairment of male reproductive health. The epidemiological literature evaluating potential consequences of human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has grown in recent years with concerns for both pre- and postnatal influences. The aim of this systematic review was to assess available evidence on associations between PFAS exposures in different stages of life and semen quality, reproductive hormones, cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and testicular cancer. A systematic search of literature published prior to March 9th, 2020, was performed in the databases PubMed and Embase®. Predefined criteria for eligibility were applied by two authors screening study records independently. Among the 242 study records retrieved in the literature search, 26 studies were eligible for qualitative assessment. While several investigations suggested weak associations for single compounds and specific outcomes, a lack of consistency across studies limited conclusions of overall evidence. The current gap in knowledge is particularly obvious regarding exposures prior to adulthood, exposure to combinations of both PFAS and other types of environmental chemicals, and outcomes such as cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and testicular cancer. Continued efforts to clarify associations between PFAS exposure and male reproductive health through high-quality epidemiological studies are needed.

接触环境污染物可能对男性生殖健康造成损害。近年来,评估人类暴露于全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)的潜在后果的流行病学文献越来越多,对产前和产后影响都有关注。本系统综述的目的是评估生命不同阶段PFAS暴露与精液质量、生殖激素、隐睾、尿道下裂和睾丸癌之间的关系。在PubMed和Embase®数据库中系统检索2020年3月9日之前发表的文献。两位作者独立筛选研究记录,采用预定义的资格标准。在文献检索中检索到的242项研究记录中,有26项研究符合定性评价。虽然几项研究表明单一化合物与特定结果之间存在微弱关联,但研究之间缺乏一致性限制了总体证据的结论。目前的知识差距在成年前的暴露,PFAS和其他类型的环境化学物质的组合暴露以及诸如隐睾症、尿道下裂和睾丸癌等结果方面尤其明显。需要通过高质量的流行病学研究,继续努力澄清接触全氟化钠与男性生殖健康之间的关系。
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引用次数: 16
Relevance of mouse lung tumors to human risk assessment. 小鼠肺肿瘤与人类风险评估的相关性。
IF 7.2 2区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2020-07-03 Epub Date: 2020-05-25 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2020.1763879
Samuel M Cohen, Yan Zhongyu, James S Bus

Mouse lung is a common site for chemical tumorigenicity, but the relevance to human risk remains debated. Long-term bioassays need to be assessed for appropriateness of the dose, neither exceeding Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) nor Kinetically based Maximum Dose (KMD). An example of the KMD issue is 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), which only produced an increased incidence of lung tumors at a dose exceeding the KMD. In addition, since mouse lung tumors are common (>1% incidence), the appropriate statistical significance is p < .01. Numerous differences exist for mouse lung and tumors compared to humans, including anatomy, respiratory rate, metabolism, tumor histogenesis, and metastatic frequency. The recent demonstration of the critical role of mouse lung specific Cyp2 F2 metabolism in mouse lung carcinogenicity including styrene or fluensulfone indicates that this tumor response is not qualitatively or quantitatively relevant to humans. For non-DNA reactive and non-mutagenic carcinogens, the mode of action involves direct mitogenicity such as for isoniazid, styrene, fluensulfone, permethrin or cytotoxicity with regeneration such as for naphthalene. However, the possibility of mixed mitogenic and cytotoxic modes of action cannot always be excluded. The numerous differences between mouse and human, combined with epidemiologic evidence of no increased cancer risk for several of these chemicals make the relevance of mouse lung tumors for human cancer risk dubious.

小鼠肺是化学致瘤性的常见部位,但与人类风险的相关性仍存在争议。长期生物测定需要评估剂量的适宜性,不超过最大耐受剂量(MTD)和基于动力学的最大剂量(KMD)。KMD问题的一个例子是1,3-二氯丙烯(1,3- d),它只有在剂量超过KMD时才会增加肺部肿瘤的发病率。此外,由于小鼠肺肿瘤很常见(发生率>1%),因此适宜的统计学意义为p
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引用次数: 16
A critical review of talc and ovarian cancer. 滑石粉与卵巢癌的研究综述。
IF 7.2 2区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2020-07-03 Epub Date: 2020-05-13 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2020.1755402
Julie E Goodman, Laura E Kerper, Robyn L Prueitt, Charlotte M Marsh

The association between perineal talc use and ovarian cancer has been evaluated in several epidemiology studies. Some case-control studies reported weak positive associations, while other case-control and three large prospective cohort investigations found this association to be null. A weight-of-evidence evaluation was conducted of the epidemiology, toxicity, exposure, transport, in vitro, and mechanistic evidence to determine whether, collectively, these data support a causal association. Our review of the literature indicated that, while both case-control and cohort studies may be impacted by bias, the possibility of recall and other biases from the low participation rates and retrospective self-reporting of talc exposure cannot be ruled out for any of the case-control studies. The hypothesis that talc exposure induces ovarian cancer is only supported if one discounts the null results of the cohort studies and the fact that significant bias and/or confounding are likely reasons for the associations reported in some case-control investigations. In addition, one would need to ignore the evidence from animal experiments that show no marked association with cancer, in vitro and genotoxicity studies that did not indicate a carcinogenic mechanism of action for talc, and mechanistic and transport investigations that did not support the retrograde transport of talc to the ovaries. An alternative hypothesis that talc does not produce ovarian cancer, and that bias and confounding contribute the reported positive associations in case-control studies, is better supported by the evidence across all scientific disciplines. It is concluded that the evidence does not support a causal association between perineal talc use and ovarian cancer.

会阴使用滑石粉与卵巢癌之间的关系已在几项流行病学研究中得到评估。一些病例对照研究报告了弱正相关,而其他病例对照和三个大型前瞻性队列调查发现这种关联为零。对流行病学、毒性、暴露、运输、体外和机理证据进行了证据权重评估,以确定这些数据是否支持因果关系。我们对文献的回顾表明,虽然病例对照和队列研究都可能受到偏倚的影响,但对于任何病例对照研究,都不能排除由于低参与率和回顾性自我报告滑石粉暴露而引起的回忆和其他偏倚的可能性。滑石粉暴露诱发卵巢癌的假设只有在不考虑队列研究的无效结果以及某些病例对照调查中报告的关联可能存在显著偏倚和/或混杂的事实时才得到支持。此外,人们需要忽略来自动物实验的证据,这些证据表明滑石粉与癌症没有明显的联系,体外和遗传毒性研究没有表明滑石粉的致癌机制,以及不支持滑石粉向卵巢逆行运输的机制和运输研究。另一种假设是,滑石粉不会导致卵巢癌,偏倚和混淆促成了病例对照研究中报告的正相关性,所有科学学科的证据都更好地支持了这一假设。结论是,证据不支持会阴使用滑石粉与卵巢癌之间的因果关系。
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引用次数: 5
A review of hepatic nanotoxicology - summation of recent findings and considerations for the next generation of study designs. 回顾肝脏纳米毒理学-总结最近的发现和下一代研究设计的考虑。
IF 7.2 2区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2020-05-18 Epub Date: 2020-04-23 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2020.1751756
Ali Kermanizadeh, Leagh G Powell, Vicki Stone

The liver is one of the most important multi-functional organs in the human body. Amongst various crucial functions, it is the main detoxification center and predominantly implicated in the clearance of xenobiotics potentially including particulates that reach this organ. It is now well established that a significant quantity of injected, ingested or inhaled nanomaterials (NMs) translocate from primary exposure sites and accumulate in liver. This review aimed to summarize and discuss the progress made in the field of hepatic nanotoxicology, and crucially highlight knowledge gaps that still exist.Key considerations include In vivo studies clearly demonstrate that low-solubility NMs predominantly accumulate in the liver macrophages the Kupffer cells (KC), rather than hepatocytes.KCs lining the liver sinusoids are the first cell type that comes in contact with NMs in vivo. Further, these macrophages govern overall inflammatory responses in a healthy liver. Therefore, interaction with of NM with KCs in vitro appears to be very important.Many acute in vivo studies demonstrated signs of toxicity induced by a variety of NMs. However, acute studies may not be that meaningful due to liver's unique and unparalleled ability to regenerate. In almost all investigations where a recovery period was included, the healthy liver was able to recover from NM challenge. This organ's ability to regenerate cannot be reproduced in vitro. However, recommendations and evidence is offered for the design of more physiologically relevant in vitro models.Models of hepatic disease enhance the NM-induced hepatotoxicity.The review offers a number of important suggestions for the future of hepatic nanotoxicology study design. This is of great significance as its findings are highly relevant due to the development of more advanced in vitro, and in silico models aiming to improve physiologically relevant toxicological testing strategies and bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo experimentation.

肝脏是人体最重要的多功能器官之一。在各种关键功能中,它是主要的解毒中心,主要涉及清除可能包括到达该器官的颗粒的外来生物。现在已经确定,大量注射、摄入或吸入的纳米材料(NMs)从主要暴露部位转移并在肝脏中积累。本文旨在总结和讨论肝脏纳米毒理学领域的进展,并重点强调仍然存在的知识空白。体内研究清楚地表明,低溶解度NMs主要积聚在肝巨噬细胞Kupffer细胞(KC)中,而不是肝细胞中。衬在肝窦内的KCs是体内第一个与NMs接触的细胞类型。此外,这些巨噬细胞控制着健康肝脏的整体炎症反应。因此,NM与KCs在体外的相互作用显得非常重要。许多急性体内研究证明了多种NMs诱导的毒性迹象。然而,由于肝脏独特而无与伦比的再生能力,急性研究可能没有那么有意义。在几乎所有包括恢复期的调查中,健康的肝脏能够从NM挑战中恢复。这个器官的再生能力在体外是无法复制的。然而,建议和证据提供了更多的生理相关的体外模型的设计。肝脏疾病模型增强纳米颗粒诱导的肝毒性。该综述为未来肝脏纳米毒理学研究设计提供了一些重要建议。这是非常重要的,因为它的发现是高度相关的,因为更先进的体外和计算机模型的发展,旨在改善生理学相关的毒理学测试策略和弥合体外和体内实验之间的差距。
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引用次数: 24
Challenges and cares to promote rational use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: a timely review. 促进氯喹和羟氯喹在2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行管理中的合理使用的挑战和关注:及时回顾
IF 7.2 2区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2020-05-18 Epub Date: 2020-04-12 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2020.1752340
Boscolli Barbosa Pereira

As a result of the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19), there has been an urgent worldwide demand for treatments. Due to factors such as history of prescription for other infectious diseases, availability, and relatively low cost, the use of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been tested in vivo and in vitro for the ability to inhibit the causative virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, even though investigators noted the therapeutic potential of these drugs, it is important to consider the toxicological risks and necessary care for rational use of CQ and HCQ. This study provides information on the main toxicological and epidemiological aspects to be considered for prophylaxis or treatment of COVID-19 using CQ but mainly HCQ, which is a less toxic derivative than CQ, and was shown to produce better results in inhibiting proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 based upon preliminary tests.

由于2019年冠状病毒病大流行(COVID-19),全球对治疗的需求迫切。由于其他传染病的处方史、可获得性和相对较低的成本等因素,氯喹(CQ)和羟氯喹(HCQ)在体内和体外进行了抑制致病病毒——严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2)的能力测试。然而,即使研究人员注意到这些药物的治疗潜力,重要的是要考虑毒理学风险和合理使用CQ和HCQ的必要护理。本研究提供了使用CQ预防或治疗COVID-19时应考虑的主要毒理学和流行病学方面的信息,但主要是HCQ,它是一种毒性较小的衍生物,根据初步试验显示,HCQ在抑制SARS-CoV-2增殖方面具有更好的效果。
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引用次数: 47
A male germ cell assay and supporting somatic cells: its application for the detection of phase specificity of genotoxins in vitro. 一种男性生殖细胞试验及其辅助体细胞:在体外基因毒素相特异性检测中的应用。
IF 7.2 2区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2020-04-02 Epub Date: 2020-02-11 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2020.1724577
Khaled Habas, Martin H Brinkworth, Diana Anderson

Male germ stem cells are responsible for transmission of genetic information to the next generation. Some chemicals exert a negative impact on male germ cells, either directly, or indirectly affecting them through their action on somatic cells. Ultimately, these effects might inhibit fertility, and may exhibit negative consequences on future offspring. Genotoxic anticancer agents may interact with DNA in germ cells potentially leading to a heritable germline mutation. Experimental information in support of this theory has not always been reproducible and suitable in vivo studies remain limited. Thus, alternative male germ cell tests, which are now able to detect phase specificity of such agents, might be used by regulatory agencies to help evaluate the potential risk of mutation. However, there is an urgent need for such approaches for identification of male reproductive genotoxins since this area has until recently been dependent on in vivo studies. Many factors drive alternative approaches, including the (1) commitment to the principles of the 3R's (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement), (2) time-consuming nature and high cost of animal experiments, and (3) new opportunities presented by new molecular analytical assays. There is as yet currently no apparent appropriate model of full mammalian spermatogenesis in vitro, under the REACH initiative, where new tests introduced to assess genotoxicity and mutagenicity need to avoid unnecessary testing on animals. Accordingly, a battery of tests used in conjunction with the high throughput STAPUT gravity sedimentation was recently developed for purification of male germ cells to investigate genotoxicity for phase specificity in germ cells. This system might be valuable for the examination of phases previously only available in mammals with large-scale studies of germ cell genotoxicity in vivo. The aim of this review was to focus on this alternative approach and its applications as well as on chemicals of known in vivo phase specificities used during this test system development.

男性生殖干细胞负责将遗传信息传递给下一代。一些化学物质对男性生殖细胞产生负面影响,或直接影响,或通过作用于体细胞间接影响。最终,这些影响可能会抑制生育能力,并可能对未来的后代产生负面影响。基因毒性抗癌药物可能与生殖细胞中的DNA相互作用,可能导致可遗传的种系突变。支持这一理论的实验信息并不总是可重复的,适合的体内研究仍然有限。因此,现在能够检测这类药物的期特异性的替代男性生殖细胞测试,可能被监管机构用来帮助评估突变的潜在风险。然而,由于该领域直到最近还依赖于体内研究,因此迫切需要这种方法来鉴定男性生殖基因毒素。许多因素推动了替代方法,包括(1)对3R原则的承诺(替换、还原和改进),(2)动物实验的耗时和高成本,以及(3)新的分子分析方法带来的新机会。在REACH倡议下,目前还没有明显合适的哺乳动物体外完整精子发生模型,因此,为评估遗传毒性和诱变性而引入的新测试需要避免对动物进行不必要的测试。因此,最近开发了一系列与高通量STAPUT重力沉淀法结合使用的测试,用于纯化男性生殖细胞,以研究生殖细胞的期特异性遗传毒性。该系统可能是有价值的阶段的检查,以前只能在哺乳动物体内进行生殖细胞遗传毒性的大规模研究。本综述的目的是关注这种替代方法及其应用,以及在该测试系统开发过程中使用的已知体内相特异性的化学物质。
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引用次数: 2
Endogenous doesn't always mean innocuous: a scoping review of iron toxicity by inhalation. 内源性并不总是意味着无害:铁吸入毒性的范围审查。
IF 7.2 2区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2020-04-02 Epub Date: 2020-02-27 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2020.1731896
Jody Morgan, Robin Bell, Alison L Jones

Ambient air pollution is a leading risk factor for the global burden of disease. One possible pathway of particulate matter (PM)-induced toxicity is through iron (Fe), the most abundant metal in the atmosphere. The aim of the review was to consider the complexity of Fe-mediated toxicity following inhalation exposure focusing on the chemical and surface reactivity of Fe as a transition metal and possible pathways of toxicity via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation as well as considerations of size, morphology, and source of PM. A broad term search of 4 databases identified 2189 journal articles and reports examining exposure to Fe via inhalation in the past 10 years. These were sequentially analyzed by title, abstract and full-text to identify 87 articles publishing results on the toxicity of Fe-containing PM by inhalation or instillation to the respiratory system. The remaining 87 papers were examined to summarize research dealing with in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies involving PM containing Fe or iron oxide following inhalation or instillation. The major findings from these investigations are summarized and tabulated. Epidemiological studies showed that exposure to Fe oxide is correlated with an increased incidence of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and several respiratory diseases. Iron PM was found to induce inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo and to translocate to remote locations including the brain following inhalation. A potential pathway for the PM-containing Fe-mediated toxicity by inhalation is via the generation of ROS which leads to lipid peroxidation and DNA and protein oxidation. Our recommendations include an expansion of epidemiological, in vivo and in vitro studies, integrating research improvements outlined in this review, such as the method of particle preparation, cell line type, and animal model, to enhance our understanding of the complex biological interactions of these particles.

环境空气污染是全球疾病负担的主要风险因素。颗粒物(PM)引起毒性的一个可能途径是通过大气中最丰富的金属铁(Fe)。本综述的目的是考虑吸入暴露后铁介导毒性的复杂性,重点关注铁作为过渡金属的化学和表面反应性,以及通过活性氧(ROS)产生的可能毒性途径,以及考虑PM的大小、形态和来源。对4个数据库进行了广泛的检索,确定了过去10年中2189篇通过吸入接触铁的期刊文章和报告。按标题、摘要和全文对这些数据进行顺序分析,确定了87篇发表了含铁PM吸入或滴入对呼吸系统毒性研究结果的文章。对其余87篇论文进行了审查,以总结涉及吸入或滴注含铁或氧化铁的PM的体外、体内和流行病学研究。这些调查的主要结果被总结和列成表格。流行病学研究表明,接触氧化铁与癌症、心血管疾病和几种呼吸系统疾病的发病率增加有关。研究发现,铁PM在体内和体外均可诱发炎症,并在吸入后转移到包括大脑在内的远端部位。吸入含pm铁介导的毒性的潜在途径是通过产生ROS导致脂质过氧化和DNA和蛋白质氧化。我们的建议包括扩大流行病学、体内和体外研究,整合本综述中概述的研究改进,如颗粒制备方法、细胞系类型和动物模型,以增强我们对这些颗粒复杂的生物相互作用的理解。
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引用次数: 13
Arsenic in edible macroalgae: an integrated approach 食用大型藻类中砷的综合分析
IF 7.2 2区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2019.1672364
Julieta R Camurati, Vanesa N. Salomone
ABSTRACT Arsenic is a metalloid naturally present in marine environments. Various toxic elements including arsenic (As) are bioaccumulated by macroalgae. This metalloid is subsequently incorporated as arsenate into the organism due to similarity to phosphate. In recent decades, the use of macroalgae in food has increased as a result of their numerous benefits; however, As consumption may exert potential consequences for human health. The objective of this review was to discuss the articles published up to 2019 on As in seaweed, including key topics such as speciation, toxicity of the most common species in marine macroalgae, and their effects on human health. Further, this review will emphasize the extraction methods and analysis techniques most frequently used in seaweed and the need to develop certified reference materials (CRMs) in order to support the validation of analytical methodologies for As speciation in macroalgae. Finally, this review will discuss current legislation in relation to the risk associated with consumption. The number of articles found and the different approaches, biological, analytical and toxicological, show the growing interest there has been in this field in the last few years. In addition, this review reveals aspects of As chemistry that need further study, such as transformation of organic metalloid species during digestion and cooking, which necessitates analytical improvement and toxicological experiments. Taken together our findings may contribute to revision of current legislation on As content in edible seaweed relating to human health in a growing market.
砷是一种天然存在于海洋环境中的类金属。包括砷(As)在内的各种有毒元素是由大型藻类生物积累的。由于与磷酸盐相似,这种类金属随后以砷酸盐的形式并入生物体。近几十年来,由于其众多益处,大型藻类在食品中的使用有所增加;然而,消费大麻可能对人体健康产生潜在后果。本综述的目的是讨论截至2019年发表的关于海藻中砷的文章,包括物种形成、海洋大型藻类中最常见物种的毒性及其对人类健康的影响等关键主题。此外,本文将重点介绍海藻中最常用的提取方法和分析技术,以及开发标准物质(CRMs)的必要性,以支持大型藻类中砷形成分析方法的验证。最后,本综述将讨论与消费相关风险的现行立法。发现的文章的数量和不同的方法,生物学的,分析的和毒理学的,表明在过去的几年里,人们对这个领域的兴趣越来越大。此外,本文还揭示了砷化学中有待进一步研究的方面,如有机类金属物质在消化和烹饪过程中的转化,这需要进行分析改进和毒理学实验。综上所述,我们的研究结果可能有助于在不断增长的市场中修订有关食用海藻中与人类健康有关的砷含量的现行立法。
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引用次数: 17
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Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews
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