Journal of the Society for Information Display最新文献

We have previously proposed the parallax barrier autostereoscopic display with eye tracking control. This display realized a wide viewing area. However, the previous method simplifies the process by using the average interocular distance and composing images corresponding to the center position of both eyes. As a result, crosstalk caused by individual differences in interocular distance and changes in viewing condition, such as facial tilt and rotation, was occurred. The crosstalk caused by individual differences in interocular distance is an important factor that must be eliminated. Therefore, we propose the method to compose a parallax image by using positions of both eyes to expand the viewing zone. We use the black images to the crosstalk subpixels, which can be determined from the positions of each eye and achieves more comfortable stereoscopic viewing. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we constructed the prototype 3D display using the parallax barrier with 50% aperture ratio and confirmed the wide viewing area with the crosstalk ratio of less than 5%. We can achieve an autostereoscopic display that has bright and high-quality stereoscopic image and independent of individual differences in interocular distance and changes in viewing condition.

Charge balance is one of the most important factors for realizing high performance organic light emitting devices (OLEDs). In this work, we provide a novel strategy to improve the charge balance in OLEDs by optimizing the hole injection layer (HIL) as well as the electron transporting layer (ETL) and thereby controlling the charge carrier supplies in the device. First, we develop a p-dopant material (PD02), with a lowest unoccupied molecular orbit (LUMO) of −4.63 eV, much shallower than that of the commercial material (PD01) of which the LUMO is −5.04 eV. Nevertheless, this enables us to modulate the supply of holes to the emissive layer through tuning doping concentration. We demonstrate that device performances are significantly improved by employing such a scheme. With a 23% molar doping of PD02, a bottom emission red OLED achieves an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of over 30%, an operating voltage of 3.4 V and a LT95 ~15,000 h at 10 mA/cm², with a Digital Cinema Initiative P3 (DCI-P3) chromaticity of CIE (X, Y) = (0.68, 0.32). Moreover, the efficiency roll-off is suppressed up till ~3500 cd/m², a desirable feature in display applications. The lateral conductivity of by using such HIL is also found to be much lower than that of PD01, resulting in reduced crosstalk among RGB pixels. Next, a new electron transporting material (ETM-02) with a deep LUMO of −2.86 eV is also introduced to further optimize the charge balance. Although devices with ETM-02 shows lower voltage and higher EQE, lifetime is compromised. In order to improve lifetime, additional fine tuning of the charge balance is essential. Finally, a second p-dopant PD03 with a LUMO of −4.91 eV is added to the HIL to further extend the modulation flexibility in the hole injection. A double-layer HIL consisting of 8 nm of HTM:16% PD02 and 2 nm of HTM:3% PD03, where the former is in contact with anode, is adopted in the device structure. The bottom emission deep red device achieve EQE over 30%, an operating voltage of 3.2 V and an improved LT₉₅ ~13,000 h at 10 mA/cm² with a BT.2020 range chromaticity of CIE (X, Y) = (0.701, 0.299). In the double HIL configuration, the introduction of PD03 provides one more parameter for tuning and therefore improves the overall device performances.

This research investigates the impact of deuteration on the operational lifetime of blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Our study focuses on the kinetic isotope effect (KIE) and how it enhances device lifetime. Specifically, we examine the effects of deuteration on OLEDs with emitters based on common polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by deuterating anthracene-based host materials. Our findings show that the deuterated analogues with incremental deuterium substitutions exhibit similar electroluminescence (EL) performances but progressively prolonged device lifetimes as a function of deuteration, indicating a cumulative enhancement effect. We observed a twofold increase in device lifetime with partial deuterium substitutions, while highly deuterated hosts realized up to a fourfold improvement. Furthermore, we found that device degradation is initiated from the interface of the hole transport layer (HTL) and emitting layer (ETL), and deuteration can mitigate the degraded reactions in the devices, thereby improving operational stability. These results provide insight into how deuteration can increase the operational lifetime of OLEDs, which has important implications for developing more efficient and durable OLED materials.

Besides haptics, the visual channel provides the most essential feedback to the operator in teleoperation setups. For optimal performance, the view on the remote scene must provide 3D information, be sharp, and of high resolution. Head-mounted displays (HMD) are applied to improve the immersion of the operator into the remote environment. Still, so far, no near-eye display technology was available that provides a natural view on objects within the typical manipulation distance (up to 1.2 m). The main limitation is a mismatch of the 3D distance and the focal distance of the visualized objects (vergence-accommodation conflict) in displays with fixed focal distance. This conflict potentially leads to eye strain after extended use. Here, we apply a light-field HMD providing close-to-continuous depth information to the user, thus avoiding the vergence-accommodation conflict. Furthermore, we apply a time-of-flight sensor to generate a 2.5D environment model. The displayed content is processed with image-based rendering allowing a 6 degree-of-freedom head motion in the visualized scene. The main objective of the presented study is evaluating the effects of view perspective and light-field on performance and workload in a teleoperation setup. The reduction of visual effort for the user is confirmed in an abstract depth-matching task.

In this work, we present a high-reliability gate driver on array (GOA) for a 10.7-in. HD (1,280 × RGB × 720) TFT-LCD panel, featuring an alternatively double-sided noise-eliminating function. The gate driver circuit is designed with 12-phase clock signals that exhibit 75% signal overlapping, threshold voltage recovering, and double-sided driving schemes. The double-sided driving scheme reduces the number of mental wires and TFTs in the gate driver circuit, resulting in a smaller layout area for GOA. By utilizing dual levels of voltage, we implemented a negative gate bias method to mitigate threshold voltage shifts for the noise-eliminating and driving TFTs. This prevents the noises from clock signals effectively. The reliability test of the proposed GOA with 720 stages passed a strict testing condition (90°C and −40°C) for simulation and exhibited good performance over 800 hours at 90°C for measurement.

Single image super-resolution (SISR) has been revolutionized by convolutional neural networks (CNN). However, existing SISR algorithms have feature extraction and adaptive adjustment limitations, leading to information duplication and unsatisfactory image reconstruction. In this paper, we propose a deep and adaptive feature extraction attention network (DAAN), which first fully extracts shallow features and then adaptively captures precise and fine-scale features by a deep feature extraction block (DFEB). It includes multi-dimensional feature extraction blocks (MFEBs) that combine large kernel and dynamic convolution layers to improve large-scale information utilization effectively. Finally, an enhanced spatial attention block (ESAB) to further selectively reinforce the transmission of details. A large number of experimental results show that our proposed model reconstruction performance is superior to existing classical methods.

We propose a dual-view integral imaging display that provides two three-dimensional scenes at the same time. An adjustable pinhole array is generated by using a liquid crystal panel. The horizontal pitch of pinhole is adjustable, while the vertical one is unadjustable. The center of each elemental image is deviation from that of the corresponding pinhole. The light rays emitted from two kinds of elemental images are propagated into the left and right viewing directions. The horizontal viewing ranges are unrelated to the horizontal pitch of pinhole and the optimal viewing distance. By changing the horizontal pitch of pinhole, the optimal viewing distance is easily adjusted without loss of viewing angle. We developed an experimental apparatus and verified the proposed hypothesis.

To lessen users' feelings of unease and stress after icons are updated, this study investigates icon recognition and discrimination in terms of icon color and location under different working memory (WM) loads. At low WM load, changing the color or position of the icons has little effect on icon recognition. The icon color update will affect the user's accuracy when less information is presented, but it will not affect participants' reaction time. As for position updates, it is better to update icons' positions within the same row rather than across rows. At high WM load, although subjects responded faster to color than location, subjects were more accurate with location than with color. It can be concluded that color updates are preferred for entertaining user interfaces that demand quick responses, while location updates are preferable for human–computer interfaces that focus on accuracy. From the results of high WM load, subjects are more sensitive to color brightness. The more drastic the color difference, especially if the change level was at levels of 20% or 40%, the subjects' responses would be more obvious.

With the rapid development of digital and intelligent information systems, the display of visual information on interfaces has become an important challenge in the field of human-computer interaction, as well as the human-computer interface of nuclear power plants. This paper examines effective factors affecting visual attention capture based on icons related to the human-computer interface of nuclear power plants. Experiments were conducted on multiple factors of visual search tasks with reference to information features to analyze information display factors affecting visual cognitive performance. The experimental results showed that the three factors, icon shape, feature display, and target position, have a great effect on information searching performance. The main effect of reaction time on three factors all reached a significance level congruent with the effect on fixation time and pupil response. Eye gaze indexes of feature display factors presented an increasing trend, which indicates that the information block spends more time on cognitive processing than icon features in the human-computer interface of nuclear power plants. Pupil diameter was dilated when searching icons under difficult visual cognition conditions, and when searching information blocks, pupils were dilated more than searching single icons. Therefore, shape highlighting of data icons in the human-computer interface of nuclear power plants can effectively improve the attention capture of the operator's visual search, and the ease of icon discrimination is an influential factor in visual attention capture.

In this paper, we propose a modified architecture aimed at reducing the computational demands of the generative adversarial network for super-resolution image generation. To achieve this, we embedded depth-wise and point-wise convolution into the convolution layer, effectively decreasing operational complexity and improving the overall network structure. For training and validation, we utilized a dataset consisting of 900 image pairs with resolutions of 480 × 270 and 1920 × 1080. Our experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method can reduce computational operators by 63% compared to the original network, while still maintaining the quality of super-resolution images. To enable real-time implementation, the architecture with light model subsequently deployed it on a GPU processor, allowing for efficient scaling of TV signals for 16× resolution expansion. Our experiments showed that the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) reached approximately 28 dB, and the processing rate ranged from 6 to 14 frames per second. The network effectively produced output with 16 times greater resolution without introducing any blurring and obvious artifact.