Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2021.1979783
Ruben Dammers, Dana C Holl, Brenda Kapiteijn, Erwin J O Kompanje
Most historical articles have named Johann Jacob Wepfer as the first author to describe a case of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). However, the question arises whether these cases truly describe CSDH. Two other names that appear in literature as the first authors to describe a case of CSDH are Thomas Willis and Giovanni Battista Morgagni. In our attempt to find the first description of a CSDH, we studied the original cases described by Willis, Wepfer, and Morgagni. The cases described by Willis and Wepfer cannot be interpreted as cases of CSDH. Willis's university scholar is more likely to have experienced venous infarction with an underlying septic thrombosis than a CSDH. Wepfer's cases seem to represent an intraparenchymal hemorrhage from the rupture of a branch or branches of the internal carotid artery, a subarachnoid hemorrhage complicated with hydrocephalus, and a hydrocephalus in tuberculous meningitis. Morgagni's case described in Letter III, Article 20 in the Sedibus in 1761 seems to be the first accurate historical description of a CSDH, and we believe it should be cited as such. With these early cases of alleged CSDH, we emphasize the importance of misquotation and blind copying of references, which are important citation errors.
大多数历史文章都将Johann Jacob Wepfer命名为描述慢性硬膜下血肿(CSDH)病例的第一作者。然而,问题是这些病例是否真的描述了CSDH。文学作品中最早描述CSDH病例的另外两个名字是Thomas Willis和Giovanni Battista Morgagni。在我们试图找到CSDH的第一个描述时,我们研究了Willis, Wepfer和Morgagni描述的原始病例。Willis和Wepfer所描述的病例不能被解释为CSDH病例。Willis的大学学者更有可能经历过静脉梗死并潜在的脓毒性血栓形成,而不是CSDH。Wepfer的病例似乎代表了由颈内动脉分支破裂引起的脑实质内出血,蛛网膜下腔出血合并脑积水,以及结核性脑膜炎的脑积水。Morgagni在1761年《Sedibus》第20条中描述的案例似乎是对CSDH的第一个准确的历史描述,我们认为它应该被引用。通过这些早期的CSDH案例,我们强调了误引和盲目抄袭的重要性,这是重要的引文错误。
{"title":"The first historical description of chronic subdural hematoma: A tale of inaccurate interpretation, inaccurate quoting and inaccurate requoting.","authors":"Ruben Dammers, Dana C Holl, Brenda Kapiteijn, Erwin J O Kompanje","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2021.1979783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0964704X.2021.1979783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most historical articles have named Johann Jacob Wepfer as the first author to describe a case of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). However, the question arises whether these cases truly describe CSDH. Two other names that appear in literature as the first authors to describe a case of CSDH are Thomas Willis and Giovanni Battista Morgagni. In our attempt to find the first description of a CSDH, we studied the original cases described by Willis, Wepfer, and Morgagni. The cases described by Willis and Wepfer cannot be interpreted as cases of CSDH. Willis's university scholar is more likely to have experienced venous infarction with an underlying septic thrombosis than a CSDH. Wepfer's cases seem to represent an intraparenchymal hemorrhage from the rupture of a branch or branches of the internal carotid artery, a subarachnoid hemorrhage complicated with hydrocephalus, and a hydrocephalus in tuberculous meningitis. Morgagni's case described in Letter III, Article 20 in the Sedibus in 1761 seems to be the first accurate historical description of a CSDH, and we believe it should be cited as such. With these early cases of alleged CSDH, we emphasize the importance of misquotation and blind copying of references, which are important citation errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10711890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01Epub Date: 2022-02-25DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2021.2001264
Boleslav Lichterman, Piotr J Flatau
The origins of Edward Flatau's "The Law of Eccentric Location of Long Pathways in Spinal Cord" are discussed, considering newly examined archival documents from Central State Archive of Moscow and Museum of the I. M. Sechenov University (former medical faculty of Imperial Moscow University [IMU]). These documents, together with German and Polish records, illustrate the international character of Flatau's education and shed light on the bigger question of interactions between Moscow and Berlin fin de siècle neurologists. Flatau's peregrinations between these two cities are documented, together with difficulties encountered due to his nationality and the changing political environment.
{"title":"Between Moscow and Berlin: The Russian connections behind Flatau's \"Law of Eccentric Location of Long Pathways in Spinal Cord\".","authors":"Boleslav Lichterman, Piotr J Flatau","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2021.2001264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0964704X.2021.2001264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The origins of Edward Flatau's \"The Law of Eccentric Location of Long Pathways in Spinal Cord\" are discussed, considering newly examined archival documents from Central State Archive of Moscow and Museum of the I. M. Sechenov University (former medical faculty of Imperial Moscow University [IMU]). These documents, together with German and Polish records, illustrate the international character of Flatau's education and shed light on the bigger question of interactions between Moscow and Berlin <i>fin de siècle</i> neurologists. Flatau's peregrinations between these two cities are documented, together with difficulties encountered due to his nationality and the changing political environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39822045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01Epub Date: 2022-09-16DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2022.2112534
Nadeem Toodayan, Eric Matteson
In most parts of the developed world today, the neurological diagnosis of poliomyelitis is discussed only as a historical curiosity. For decades an epidemic cause for lameness and paralysis in infected children, reported cases of polio plummeted following the introduction of effective vaccines against the causative virus in the 1950s and 1960s. Much has been written of the trials and successes of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, but little is generally known about how the disease was originally named. In an authoritative reference work on the History of Poliomyelitis (1971), John R. Paul attributed in passing the coining of the term "poliomyelitis" to the celebrated German clinician Adolf Kussmaul (1822-1902). Kussmaul is widely known to physicians today for several unrelated contributions, but none of his authorized biographers have mentioned his naming the disease. In this historical review article, we set out to verify the claim that Kussmaul coined the term "poliomyelitis," surveying in the process his broader contributions to neurology and medicine.
在当今发达国家的大部分地区,脊髓灰质炎的神经学诊断只是作为一种历史上的好奇心来讨论的。几十年来,小儿麻痹症是一种导致受感染儿童跛足和瘫痪的流行病,在20世纪50年代和60年代引入针对这种致病病毒的有效疫苗后,报告的病例急剧减少。关于全球根除脊髓灰质炎行动的试验和成功已经写了很多,但人们对这种疾病最初是如何命名的却知之甚少。在一本关于脊髓灰质炎历史的权威参考著作(1971)中,约翰·r·保罗(John R. Paul)将“脊髓灰质炎”一词的创造归功于著名的德国临床医生阿道夫·库斯莫尔(Adolf Kussmaul, 1822-1902)。如今,库斯莫尔因几项无关的贡献而广为人知,但他的授权传记作者都没有提到他命名了这种疾病。在这篇历史回顾文章中,我们着手验证Kussmaul创造了“脊髓灰质炎”一词的说法,在此过程中考察了他对神经病学和医学的广泛贡献。
{"title":"Adolf Kussmaul (1822-1902), and the naming of \"poliomyelitis\".","authors":"Nadeem Toodayan, Eric Matteson","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2022.2112534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0964704X.2022.2112534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In most parts of the developed world today, the neurological diagnosis of poliomyelitis is discussed only as a historical curiosity. For decades an epidemic cause for lameness and paralysis in infected children, reported cases of polio plummeted following the introduction of effective vaccines against the causative virus in the 1950s and 1960s. Much has been written of the trials and successes of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, but little is generally known about how the disease was originally named. In an authoritative reference work on the <i>History of Poliomyelitis</i> (1971), John R. Paul attributed in passing the coining of the term \"poliomyelitis\" to the celebrated German clinician Adolf Kussmaul (1822-1902). Kussmaul is widely known to physicians today for several unrelated contributions, but none of his authorized biographers have mentioned his naming the disease. In this historical review article, we set out to verify the claim that Kussmaul coined the term \"poliomyelitis,\" surveying in the process his broader contributions to neurology and medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40364709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01Epub Date: 2021-09-09DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2021.1970481
Wickliffe C Abraham, Laurence B Geffen, Elspeth M McLachlan, Linda J Richards, John A P Rostas
The collective efforts of Australasian neuroscientists over the past 50 years to forge a binational presence are reviewed in this article. The events in the 1970s leading to the formation of an informal Australian Neurosciences Society are discussed in the context of the international emergence of neuroscience as an interdisciplinary science. Thereafter, the establishment in 1980 of the Australian Neuroscience Society, subsequently renamed as the Australasian Neuroscience Society (ANS), is described. The achievements of ANS-including its active role in developing national, regional, and global cooperation to promote neuroscience-are chronicled over successive decades, followed by a discussion of the future challenges facing the society and its associated neuroscience institutions.
{"title":"A brief history of the Australasian Neuroscience Society.","authors":"Wickliffe C Abraham, Laurence B Geffen, Elspeth M McLachlan, Linda J Richards, John A P Rostas","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2021.1970481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0964704X.2021.1970481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The collective efforts of Australasian neuroscientists over the past 50 years to forge a binational presence are reviewed in this article. The events in the 1970s leading to the formation of an informal Australian Neurosciences Society are discussed in the context of the international emergence of neuroscience as an interdisciplinary science. Thereafter, the establishment in 1980 of the Australian Neuroscience Society, subsequently renamed as the Australasian Neuroscience Society (ANS), is described. The achievements of ANS-including its active role in developing national, regional, and global cooperation to promote neuroscience-are chronicled over successive decades, followed by a discussion of the future challenges facing the society and its associated neuroscience institutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39397472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01Epub Date: 2022-03-22DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2022.2036579
Christopher G Goetz, Emmanuel Drouin
ABSTRACT Jean-Martin Charcot, renowned teacher and clinical neurologist of the nineteenth century, held a unique set of impromptu “show and tell” case presentations that were transcribed as professor–patient dialogues. These lessons, known as the Leçons du mardi, were hand transcribed by his students and published as a limited-edition lithograph in 1887–1888, but reprinted for wider circulation with modifications in 1892, one year before Charcot died. This study highlights several important differences between the two versions of the work, with interpretative commentary on the importance of studying them side by side to more completely understand Charcot, his career, and the development of early clinical neurology.
19世纪著名的教师和临床神经学家Jean-Martin Charcot举行了一套独特的即兴“展示和讲述”案例演示,这些演示被转录为教授与患者的对话。这些课程,被称为leons du mardi,由他的学生手工抄写,并于1887年至1888年作为限量版石版出版,但在1892年,即沙可去世前一年,经过修改,重新印刷以广泛传播。这项研究强调了两个版本的工作之间的几个重要差异,并对并排研究它们的重要性进行了解释性评论,以更全面地了解Charcot,他的职业生涯,以及早期临床神经学的发展。
{"title":"Two faces of the teacher: Comparing editions of Charcot's <i>Leçons du mardi</i>.","authors":"Christopher G Goetz, Emmanuel Drouin","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2022.2036579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0964704X.2022.2036579","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Jean-Martin Charcot, renowned teacher and clinical neurologist of the nineteenth century, held a unique set of impromptu “show and tell” case presentations that were transcribed as professor–patient dialogues. These lessons, known as the Leçons du mardi, were hand transcribed by his students and published as a limited-edition lithograph in 1887–1888, but reprinted for wider circulation with modifications in 1892, one year before Charcot died. This study highlights several important differences between the two versions of the work, with interpretative commentary on the importance of studying them side by side to more completely understand Charcot, his career, and the development of early clinical neurology.","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40313854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01Epub Date: 2022-06-23DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2022.2074280
Yunus Anıl Yılmaz
Ernst Brücke was one of the most influential figures in Sigmund Freud's life and work. Freud studied under him for around six years during his student years, and he never turned his back on Brücke's fundamental teachings. Brücke was a member of the strictly materialist and reductionist movement called the School of Helmholtz. This article will interpret how this physiological movement influenced Freud's psychoanalysis and how its understanding of science was embedded in Freud's theory. For this purpose, I will focus on the relationship between Brücke and Freud, and then will demonstrate how Brücke's influence appears in Freud's psychoanalytical theory. Despite the common practice of evaluating Project for a Scientific Psychology as the last attempt of Freud's physiological commitment, I will take Freud's ontology and epistemology as a product of his interaction with Ernst Brücke. In this conjunction, I will discuss psychoanalysis's essential physiological and neurological components, such as the conservation of energy, the principle of constancy, the pleasure principle, and dual-aspect monism. For this purpose, I will apply the methodology of Randall Collins, the so-called sociology of philosophy. This method allows us to analyze personal contacts between master and pupil and the results of this interaction. This method will help to demonstrate why Brücke's influence was more prevalent in Freud's psychoanalysis than any other neuroscientific master of Freud.
Ernst brcke是西格蒙德·弗洛伊德生活和工作中最有影响力的人物之一。弗洛伊德在他的学生时代跟随他学习了大约六年,他从来没有背弃过br cke的基本教义。br克是被称为亥姆霍兹学派的严格唯物主义和还原论运动的成员。本文将解释这种生理运动如何影响弗洛伊德的精神分析,以及它对科学的理解如何嵌入弗洛伊德的理论。为此,我将重点关注br cke与弗洛伊德之间的关系,然后将展示br cke的影响如何出现在弗洛伊德的精神分析理论中。尽管通常将《科学心理学计划》评价为弗洛伊德生理承诺的最后尝试,但我将把弗洛伊德的本体论和认识论作为他与恩斯特·布尔 cke互动的产物。在此结合,我将讨论精神分析的基本生理和神经的组成部分,如能量守恒,恒常原则,快乐原则,和双重性一元论。为此,我将运用兰德尔·柯林斯的方法论,即所谓的哲学社会学。这种方法使我们能够分析师徒之间的个人接触以及这种互动的结果。这种方法将有助于证明为什么br cke的影响在弗洛伊德的精神分析中比弗洛伊德的任何其他神经科学大师都更普遍。
{"title":"Ernst Brücke and Sigmund Freud: Physiological roots of psychoanalysis.","authors":"Yunus Anıl Yılmaz","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2022.2074280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0964704X.2022.2074280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ernst Brücke was one of the most influential figures in Sigmund Freud's life and work. Freud studied under him for around six years during his student years, and he never turned his back on Brücke's fundamental teachings. Brücke was a member of the strictly materialist and reductionist movement called the School of Helmholtz. This article will interpret how this physiological movement influenced Freud's psychoanalysis and how its understanding of science was embedded in Freud's theory. For this purpose, I will focus on the relationship between Brücke and Freud, and then will demonstrate how Brücke's influence appears in Freud's psychoanalytical theory. Despite the common practice of evaluating <i>Project for a Scientific Psychology</i> as the last attempt of Freud's physiological commitment, I will take Freud's ontology and epistemology as a product of his interaction with Ernst Brücke. In this conjunction, I will discuss psychoanalysis's essential physiological and neurological components, such as the conservation of energy, the principle of constancy, the pleasure principle, and dual-aspect monism. For this purpose, I will apply the methodology of Randall Collins, the so-called sociology of philosophy. This method allows us to analyze personal contacts between master and pupil and the results of this interaction. This method will help to demonstrate why Brücke's influence was more prevalent in Freud's psychoanalysis than any other neuroscientific master of Freud.</p>","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40268482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01Epub Date: 2022-01-07DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2021.1980965
J Wayne Lazar
Medical interest in the knee-jerk reflex began in about 1875 with simultaneous and independent publications by Wilhelm Heinrich Erb (1840-1921) and Carl Friedrich Otto Westphal (1833-1890) contending that the knee jerk was absent (and the ankle clonus was present) in all clear cases of locomotor ataxia (tabes dorsalis). Physicians in the medical communities of Europe, Great Britain, and North America responded with case and large group studies that tested this contention. These studies revealed the usefulness of the knee jerk and other myotatic reflexes, but also unexpected characteristics. The knee jerk, apparently so simple, proved to be a complex phenomenon depending the strength of the strike on the patella, induced muscle tension, and inhibition from the brain. Was it a reflex with afferent and efferent nerves and an intervening process in the spinal cord, or was it a local phenomenon confined to the muscle itself? Experimental studies directed at the reflex issue investigated latencies from patella strike to leg extension or muscle contraction and compared them with latencies from direct muscle strikes and theoretical calculations based on reflex components. Such studies were unable to resolve the reflex issue during the nineteenth century. The physicians were shown to be limited, like all scientific explorers of the unknown, by their knowledge, methodology, and technology.
医学界对膝跳反射的兴趣始于1875年,Wilhelm Heinrich Erb(1840-1921)和Carl Friedrich Otto Westphal(1833-1890)同时发表了独立的论文,认为在所有明显的运动性共济失调(背侧表)病例中,膝跳不存在(踝关节阵挛存在)。欧洲、英国和北美医学界的医生们用案例和大型群体研究来验证这一观点。这些研究揭示了膝跳和其他肌张力反射的有用性,但也揭示了意想不到的特征。膝跳,看起来如此简单,被证明是一个复杂的现象,这取决于打击髌骨的力量,引起的肌肉紧张和大脑的抑制。它是传入神经和传出神经的反射以及脊髓的干预过程,还是局限于肌肉本身的局部现象?针对反射问题的实验研究调查了髌骨撞击到腿部伸展或肌肉收缩的潜伏期,并将其与直接肌肉撞击和基于反射成分的理论计算的潜伏期进行了比较。在19世纪,这种研究无法解决反射问题。就像所有探索未知领域的科学探险家一样,医生们的知识、方法和技术都是有限的。
{"title":"The early history of the knee-jerk reflex in neurology.","authors":"J Wayne Lazar","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2021.1980965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0964704X.2021.1980965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medical interest in the knee-jerk reflex began in about 1875 with simultaneous and independent publications by Wilhelm Heinrich Erb (1840-1921) and Carl Friedrich Otto Westphal (1833-1890) contending that the knee jerk was absent (and the ankle clonus was present) in all clear cases of locomotor ataxia (tabes dorsalis). Physicians in the medical communities of Europe, Great Britain, and North America responded with case and large group studies that tested this contention. These studies revealed the usefulness of the knee jerk and other myotatic reflexes, but also unexpected characteristics. The knee jerk, apparently so simple, proved to be a complex phenomenon depending the strength of the strike on the patella, induced muscle tension, and inhibition from the brain. Was it a reflex with afferent and efferent nerves and an intervening process in the spinal cord, or was it a local phenomenon confined to the muscle itself? Experimental studies directed at the reflex issue investigated latencies from patella strike to leg extension or muscle contraction and compared them with latencies from direct muscle strikes and theoretical calculations based on reflex components. Such studies were unable to resolve the reflex issue during the nineteenth century. The physicians were shown to be limited, like all scientific explorers of the unknown, by their knowledge, methodology, and technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39906787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01Epub Date: 2022-07-22DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2022.2097012
Fabian-Alexander Tietze, Marcin Orzechowski, Moritz E Wigand, Florian Steger
Albert Wojciech Adamkiewicz (1850-1821) was a Polish neurologist and researcher who is best known for his description of the so-called Adamkiewicz-artery. In contrast to his achievements in neurology, his research in psychiatry from his time in Vienna (1891-1921) is commonly overlooked. We examined all titles of his publications from 1891 to 1921 and provided a close reading of those works that were related to his research on the neural basis of mental phenomena and disorders. We demonstrate that, in later stages of his scientific career, Adamkiewicz critically engaged with contemporary positions in psychiatry and the psychogenic explanation of mental disorders. He developed a theory based on his neurological research, correlating central theorems of late-nineteenth-century psychiatry to neural networks in the human cortex. These achievements make him a historical forerunner of neuropsychiatric concepts of mental phenomena and disorders.
Albert Wojciech Adamkiewicz(1850-1821)是一位波兰神经学家和研究者,他最出名的是他对所谓Adamkiewicz动脉的描述。与他在神经学方面的成就相比,他在维也纳期间(1891-1921)在精神病学方面的研究通常被忽视。我们检查了他从1891年到1921年出版的所有作品的标题,并对那些与他关于精神现象和疾病的神经基础的研究有关的作品进行了仔细的阅读。我们证明,在他科学生涯的后期阶段,Adamkiewicz批判性地参与了精神病学和精神障碍的心理成因解释的当代立场。他在神经学研究的基础上发展了一个理论,将19世纪晚期精神病学的中心定理与人类皮层的神经网络联系起来。这些成就使他成为精神现象和精神障碍的神经精神病学概念的历史先驱。
{"title":"Historical forerunners of neuropsychiatry: The psychiatric works of Albert W. Adamkiewicz (1850-1921).","authors":"Fabian-Alexander Tietze, Marcin Orzechowski, Moritz E Wigand, Florian Steger","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2022.2097012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0964704X.2022.2097012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Albert Wojciech Adamkiewicz (1850-1821) was a Polish neurologist and researcher who is best known for his description of the so-called Adamkiewicz-artery. In contrast to his achievements in neurology, his research in psychiatry from his time in Vienna (1891-1921) is commonly overlooked. We examined all titles of his publications from 1891 to 1921 and provided a close reading of those works that were related to his research on the neural basis of mental phenomena and disorders. We demonstrate that, in later stages of his scientific career, Adamkiewicz critically engaged with contemporary positions in psychiatry and the psychogenic explanation of mental disorders. He developed a theory based on his neurological research, correlating central theorems of late-nineteenth-century psychiatry to neural networks in the human cortex. These achievements make him a historical forerunner of neuropsychiatric concepts of mental phenomena and disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40626545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01Epub Date: 2021-12-14DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2021.1989649
Gilberto Levy, Bruce Levin, Eliasz Engelhardt
Among William Gowers's many contributions to neurology, the concept of abiotrophy ("an essential failure of vitality") has been relatively overlooked. In this article, we review the echoes of Gowers's concept in neurology, ophthalmology, and aging research. We also argue that abiotrophy is broader than both heredodegeneration and neurodegeneration. Unlike the common view that it simply means premature aging, abiotrophy currently can be understood as a progressive degenerative process of a mature specialized tissue, which is nonsynchronous with normal aging and may affect organs or systems early in life, resulting from the age-dependent effects of genetic mutations or variants, even if environmental factors may also causally contribute to the process. Although the term has largely fallen out of use, there are likely to be everlasting echoes of Gowers's concept, through which he is to be considered a source of the modern thinking about the etiology and nosology of neurological diseases.
{"title":"Echoes of William Gowers's concept of abiotrophy.","authors":"Gilberto Levy, Bruce Levin, Eliasz Engelhardt","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2021.1989649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0964704X.2021.1989649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among William Gowers's many contributions to neurology, the concept of abiotrophy (\"an essential failure of vitality\") has been relatively overlooked. In this article, we review the echoes of Gowers's concept in neurology, ophthalmology, and aging research. We also argue that abiotrophy is broader than both heredodegeneration and neurodegeneration. Unlike the common view that it simply means premature aging, abiotrophy currently can be understood as a progressive degenerative process of a mature specialized tissue, which is nonsynchronous with normal aging and may affect organs or systems early in life, resulting from the age-dependent effects of genetic mutations or variants, even if environmental factors may also causally contribute to the process. Although the term has largely fallen out of use, there are likely to be everlasting echoes of Gowers's concept, through which he is to be considered a source of the modern thinking about the etiology and nosology of neurological diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39586254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01Epub Date: 2022-06-20DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2022.2072174
Mervyn J Eadie
Edward Henry Sieveking (1816-1904) was a professionally successful and well respected nineteenth-century London physician who, over the span of some half a century, continuously held appointment to British royalty, including Queen Victoria and King Edward VII. In 1858, he published a monograph On Epilepsy and Epileptiform Seizures, with a second edition in 1861. In both editions, he described an entity cephalalgia epileptica that comprised the occurrence of headache in association with phenomena that resembled the premonitory symptom of some epileptic seizures. However, the sufferers did not have epilepsy, in that they did not experience generalized convulsions. Sieveking, like most of his British contemporaries, had little awareness of the existence of the variety of migraine phenomena apart from headache itself. In retrospect, it seems likely that migraine with aura probably was the main basis of the disorder Sieveking designated, one that later may have been termed migralepsy.
爱德华·亨利·西韦金(Edward Henry sievking, 1816-1904)是19世纪伦敦一位专业成功且备受尊敬的医生,在大约半个世纪的时间里,他一直担任英国皇室成员的职务,包括维多利亚女王和国王爱德华七世。1858年,他出版了一本关于癫痫和癫痫样发作的专著,1861年再版。在这两个版本中,他描述了一种实体癫痫性头痛,包括头痛的发生与一些类似癫痫发作的前兆症状的现象有关。然而,患者没有癫痫,因为他们没有经历全身抽搐。和他同时代的大多数英国人一样,除了头痛本身之外,他几乎没有意识到偏头痛的各种现象的存在。回想起来,有先兆的偏头痛可能是sievking指定的疾病的主要基础,这种疾病后来可能被称为偏头痛。
{"title":"E. H. Sieveking and his <i>cephalalgia epileptica</i>.","authors":"Mervyn J Eadie","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2022.2072174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0964704X.2022.2072174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Edward Henry Sieveking (1816-1904) was a professionally successful and well respected nineteenth-century London physician who, over the span of some half a century, continuously held appointment to British royalty, including Queen Victoria and King Edward VII. In 1858, he published a monograph <i>On Epilepsy and Epileptiform Seizures</i>, with a second edition in 1861. In both editions, he described an entity <i>cephalalgia</i> e<i>pileptica</i> that comprised the occurrence of headache in association with phenomena that resembled the premonitory symptom of some epileptic seizures. However, the sufferers did not have epilepsy, in that they did not experience generalized convulsions. Sieveking, like most of his British contemporaries, had little awareness of the existence of the variety of migraine phenomena apart from headache itself. In retrospect, it seems likely that migraine with aura probably was the main basis of the disorder Sieveking designated, one that later may have been termed <i>migralepsy</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40071887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}