Abstract PURPOSE The 'window of opportunity' for ICU staff to deliver end-of-life (EOL) care lies in the timeframe from 'diagnosing the dying' to death. We aimed to describe the characteristics of trajectories for dying patients in Danish ICUs and to examine if physicians diagnose dying patients in time to perform EOL care and, if so, whether a window of opportunity for EOL care exists. METHODS From the Danish Intensive Care Database, we identified patients ≥18 years old admitted to a Danish ICU between January and December 2020 with an ICU stay of >96 h (four days) and who died during the ICU stay or within seven days after ICU discharge. A chart review was performed on 250 consecutive patients admitted from January 1, 2020 in an ICU in the Central Denmark Region. RESULTS Most patients (223 (89%)) were diagnosed as dying. Of those patients who received mechanical ventilation, 171 (68%) died after abrupt discontinuation of mechanical ventilation and 63 (25%) died after gradual withdrawal. Patients whose mechanical ventilation was discontinued abruptly died after a median of one hour (IQR: 0-15) and five hours (IQR: 2-15) after a diagnosis of dying was recorded. In contrast, patients with a gradual withdrawal died after a median of 108 hours (IQR: 71-189) and 22 hours (IQR: 5-67) after a diagnosis of dying was recorded. CONCLUSION EOL care hinges on the ability to diagnose the dying. This study shows that there is a short window of opportunity for EOL care, particularly for patients being weaned from mechanical ventilation.
{"title":"A Window of Opportunity for ICU End-of-Life Care— A Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"Iben Strøm Darfelt, Anne Højager Nielsen, Pål Klepstad, Mette Asbjoern Neergaard","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3580719/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3580719/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract PURPOSE The 'window of opportunity' for ICU staff to deliver end-of-life (EOL) care lies in the timeframe from 'diagnosing the dying' to death. We aimed to describe the characteristics of trajectories for dying patients in Danish ICUs and to examine if physicians diagnose dying patients in time to perform EOL care and, if so, whether a window of opportunity for EOL care exists. METHODS From the Danish Intensive Care Database, we identified patients ≥18 years old admitted to a Danish ICU between January and December 2020 with an ICU stay of >96 h (four days) and who died during the ICU stay or within seven days after ICU discharge. A chart review was performed on 250 consecutive patients admitted from January 1, 2020 in an ICU in the Central Denmark Region. RESULTS Most patients (223 (89%)) were diagnosed as dying. Of those patients who received mechanical ventilation, 171 (68%) died after abrupt discontinuation of mechanical ventilation and 63 (25%) died after gradual withdrawal. Patients whose mechanical ventilation was discontinued abruptly died after a median of one hour (IQR: 0-15) and five hours (IQR: 2-15) after a diagnosis of dying was recorded. In contrast, patients with a gradual withdrawal died after a median of 108 hours (IQR: 71-189) and 22 hours (IQR: 5-67) after a diagnosis of dying was recorded. CONCLUSION EOL care hinges on the ability to diagnose the dying. This study shows that there is a short window of opportunity for EOL care, particularly for patients being weaned from mechanical ventilation.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"13 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3585889/v1
Yiyang Zhang, Yan Ma, Yao Zhang, Xingwu Tian, Siyan Ma, Jing Wang, Ling Ma, Longguo Wu
Abstract Tomato is sweet and sour and has high nutritional value. Soluble solids content (SSC) and organic acid content are important quality indexes of tomato fruit. The exogenous supply of different forms of nitrogen can have different effects on plant growth and development and physiological and metabolic processes because of the different mechanisms of nitrogen uptake and assimilation in plants. In the paper, different concentrations of nitrogen were used to study tomatoes' physical and chemical characteristics and appearance. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology was employed to predict tomatoes' SSC and acid content. Competitive adaptive reweighed sampling (CARS), uninformative variable elimination (UVE),variable combination population analysis (VCPA), iteratively retaining informative variables (IRIV), and interval variable iterative spatial shrinkage analysis (IVISSA) were used to extract the feature wavelengths. Based on the characteristic wavelength, the prediction models of tomato SSC and organic acid content were established by partial least squares regression (PLSR), multiple linear regression (MLR) and principal component regression (PCR). Then a custom convolutional neural network (CNN) model was constructed and optimised. The results showed that the SSC of tomato was negatively correlated with nitrogen fertilizer concentration, and the highest organic acid content was recorded under the T4 treatment. For tomatoes treated with different nitrogen concentrations, the CARS-PLSR model showed the best results for tomato SSC, with R C and R P of 0.8589 and 0.8499 and RMSEC and RMSEP of 0.3180 and 0.3407. The IRIV-PCR model for organic acids was the best, with R C and R P reaching 0.8011 and 0.7760 and RMSEC and RMSEP reaching 0.6181 and 0.7055. Among all the models, the performance obtained by the CNN model was satisfactory. This study provides technical support for future online nondestructive testing of tomato quality.
{"title":"Determination of soluble solids content and organic acid content in tomatoes with different nitrogen levels based on hyperspectral imaging technique","authors":"Yiyang Zhang, Yan Ma, Yao Zhang, Xingwu Tian, Siyan Ma, Jing Wang, Ling Ma, Longguo Wu","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3585889/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3585889/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tomato is sweet and sour and has high nutritional value. Soluble solids content (SSC) and organic acid content are important quality indexes of tomato fruit. The exogenous supply of different forms of nitrogen can have different effects on plant growth and development and physiological and metabolic processes because of the different mechanisms of nitrogen uptake and assimilation in plants. In the paper, different concentrations of nitrogen were used to study tomatoes' physical and chemical characteristics and appearance. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology was employed to predict tomatoes' SSC and acid content. Competitive adaptive reweighed sampling (CARS), uninformative variable elimination (UVE),variable combination population analysis (VCPA), iteratively retaining informative variables (IRIV), and interval variable iterative spatial shrinkage analysis (IVISSA) were used to extract the feature wavelengths. Based on the characteristic wavelength, the prediction models of tomato SSC and organic acid content were established by partial least squares regression (PLSR), multiple linear regression (MLR) and principal component regression (PCR). Then a custom convolutional neural network (CNN) model was constructed and optimised. The results showed that the SSC of tomato was negatively correlated with nitrogen fertilizer concentration, and the highest organic acid content was recorded under the T4 treatment. For tomatoes treated with different nitrogen concentrations, the CARS-PLSR model showed the best results for tomato SSC, with R C and R P of 0.8589 and 0.8499 and RMSEC and RMSEP of 0.3180 and 0.3407. The IRIV-PCR model for organic acids was the best, with R C and R P reaching 0.8011 and 0.7760 and RMSEC and RMSEP reaching 0.6181 and 0.7055. Among all the models, the performance obtained by the CNN model was satisfactory. This study provides technical support for future online nondestructive testing of tomato quality.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"10 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Understanding how large river systems will respond to an invigorated hydrological cycle as simulated under higher global temperatures is a pressing issue. We present here a 1500 yr-long annually-laminated (varved) record that tracks the seasonal discharge of the Nile River during the wetter- and warmer-than-present Early Holocene. This unique record depicts the mobilization of large amounts of sediments during strong summer floods that probably rendered the Nile valley inhabitable. More frequent and rapid switching between extreme (strong and weak) floods between 9.2 and 8.5 ka BP indicate highly instable fluvial dynamics. On interannual timescales, flood variability is paced by El Niño-Southern Oscillation while multi-decadal oscillatory modes drive the changes in extreme flood events. These pacemakers are also identified in Nile flow records from the Common Era, which demonstrates their stationarity under different climatic conditions.
了解大型河流系统如何响应在全球温度升高下模拟的活跃水文循环是一个紧迫的问题。我们在这里展示了一份1500年的年度叠层(varved)记录，追踪了尼罗河在比现在更湿润和更温暖的全新世早期的季节性流量。这个独特的记录描述了夏季强烈洪水期间大量沉积物的动员，这可能使尼罗河谷适合居住。在9.2 ~ 8.5 ka BP之间，极端洪水(强洪水和弱洪水)之间更频繁和快速的转换表明河流动力学高度不稳定。在年际时间尺度上，洪水变化以El Niño-Southern振荡为速度，而极端洪水事件的变化则由多年代际振荡模式驱动。这些起搏器也在公元前的尼罗河流量记录中被发现，这表明它们在不同的气候条件下是稳定的。
{"title":"Pacemakers of extreme floods during warmer and wetter climates of the “Wild Nile” stage","authors":"Cecile Blanchet, Monica Ionita, Arne Ramisch, Rik Tjallingii, Achim Brauer, Louison Laruelle, Meike Bagge, Volker Klemann","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3051876/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3051876/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Understanding how large river systems will respond to an invigorated hydrological cycle as simulated under higher global temperatures is a pressing issue. We present here a 1500 yr-long annually-laminated (varved) record that tracks the seasonal discharge of the Nile River during the wetter- and warmer-than-present Early Holocene. This unique record depicts the mobilization of large amounts of sediments during strong summer floods that probably rendered the Nile valley inhabitable. More frequent and rapid switching between extreme (strong and weak) floods between 9.2 and 8.5 ka BP indicate highly instable fluvial dynamics. On interannual timescales, flood variability is paced by El Niño-Southern Oscillation while multi-decadal oscillatory modes drive the changes in extreme flood events. These pacemakers are also identified in Nile flow records from the Common Era, which demonstrates their stationarity under different climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3591902/v1
ying Zhu, wenwen Jin
Abstract Contexts. Wetlands in areas of rapid economic development are at increased risk, which leading to significant losses to wetlands over time. Thus, it is urgent to declare and assess multi-ecological risk. Objectives. Wetland ecosystems are characteristics of adaptive. This study assesses wetlands ecological risk through adaptive cycle theory which are beneficial to highlight system dynamic. The study aims to reflect the response relationship between multiple risk sources and wetland ecosystems and predict future dynamic development phase. Methods. The study uses Kunshan wetlands of China as an example for constructing a wetland adaptive cycle framework firstly, determining indicators in 3-D dimensions of “Potential-Connectedness-Resilience,” and proposing a wetland ecological risk assessment system. Results. The results show that the spatial distribution of the ecological risk of "Potential" is highest in the Kunshan urban central region and lowest in the Kunshan north area, which is closely related to climate change. The ecological risk of whole area of “Connectedness” is high, and human activities have a greater impact on it. The resilience of wetlands needs to be continuously improved, and wetland ecosystem services need to be balanced. Regarding the adaptive cycle phases of ecological risk, Kunshan wetlands are in the exploitation r-phase and will transition to the conservation K-phase in the future. Conclusions. This study offers a logical reference for understanding the ecosystem dynamic development and analyzing ecological risks. Furthermore, it provides a direction for sustainable wetlands ecological protection strategies in areas with rapid economic development in global developing countries.
{"title":"Assessing wetlands ecological risk through an adaptive cycle framework","authors":"ying Zhu, wenwen Jin","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3591902/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3591902/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Contexts. Wetlands in areas of rapid economic development are at increased risk, which leading to significant losses to wetlands over time. Thus, it is urgent to declare and assess multi-ecological risk. Objectives. Wetland ecosystems are characteristics of adaptive. This study assesses wetlands ecological risk through adaptive cycle theory which are beneficial to highlight system dynamic. The study aims to reflect the response relationship between multiple risk sources and wetland ecosystems and predict future dynamic development phase. Methods. The study uses Kunshan wetlands of China as an example for constructing a wetland adaptive cycle framework firstly, determining indicators in 3-D dimensions of “Potential-Connectedness-Resilience,” and proposing a wetland ecological risk assessment system. Results. The results show that the spatial distribution of the ecological risk of \"Potential\" is highest in the Kunshan urban central region and lowest in the Kunshan north area, which is closely related to climate change. The ecological risk of whole area of “Connectedness” is high, and human activities have a greater impact on it. The resilience of wetlands needs to be continuously improved, and wetland ecosystem services need to be balanced. Regarding the adaptive cycle phases of ecological risk, Kunshan wetlands are in the exploitation r-phase and will transition to the conservation K-phase in the future. Conclusions. This study offers a logical reference for understanding the ecosystem dynamic development and analyzing ecological risks. Furthermore, it provides a direction for sustainable wetlands ecological protection strategies in areas with rapid economic development in global developing countries.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"26 23","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3422458/v1
Chengming Wang, Xiaolin Deng
Abstract Most natural or biological materials exhibit by chiral and layered structures, which offer exceptional mechanical properties such as shear resistance, attenuation and impact resistance. Taking inspiration from circular chiral structures, the paper introduces a novel square chiral structure. A finite element numerical model was constructed using Abaqus/Explicit, and its accuracy was verified and a series of studies were carried out. Initially, a comparative analysis was performed to examine the mechanical properties and deformation modes of two structures: the super-square chiral honeycomb (SSCH) and the tetrachiral chiral honeycomb (TCH). For the same mass, the super-square chiral honeycomb has better energy absorption performance than the tetrachiral honeycomb, with SSCH absorbing 1.09 times the energy of TCH. Additionally, at the same mass, SSCH has a better deformation mode and lower initial peak force than TCH. Subsequently, a systematic parametric study of SSCH was carried out by varying the ratio of quadrilateral side lengths of square chiral structure ribs, wall thickness, and impact velocity. The structure investigated in this paper can provide a reference for the innovative design of the chiral honeycomb structure for specific applications.
{"title":"Energy absorption characteristics of super-square chiral honeycomb","authors":"Chengming Wang, Xiaolin Deng","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3422458/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3422458/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Most natural or biological materials exhibit by chiral and layered structures, which offer exceptional mechanical properties such as shear resistance, attenuation and impact resistance. Taking inspiration from circular chiral structures, the paper introduces a novel square chiral structure. A finite element numerical model was constructed using Abaqus/Explicit, and its accuracy was verified and a series of studies were carried out. Initially, a comparative analysis was performed to examine the mechanical properties and deformation modes of two structures: the super-square chiral honeycomb (SSCH) and the tetrachiral chiral honeycomb (TCH). For the same mass, the super-square chiral honeycomb has better energy absorption performance than the tetrachiral honeycomb, with SSCH absorbing 1.09 times the energy of TCH. Additionally, at the same mass, SSCH has a better deformation mode and lower initial peak force than TCH. Subsequently, a systematic parametric study of SSCH was carried out by varying the ratio of quadrilateral side lengths of square chiral structure ribs, wall thickness, and impact velocity. The structure investigated in this paper can provide a reference for the innovative design of the chiral honeycomb structure for specific applications.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"8 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3600390/v1
Juan Pablo
Abstract The von Neumann entropy is one of the most relevant quantities in information theory, this makes it’s estimation a subject of research in the recent years. In the present paper we use the transport cost to make an improvement in the uniform continuity bound presented by Winter for the von Neumann entropy in infinite dimensional density matrices.
{"title":"Improvement of the von Neumann entropy bound using the transport cost","authors":"Juan Pablo","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3600390/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3600390/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The von Neumann entropy is one of the most relevant quantities in information theory, this makes it’s estimation a subject of research in the recent years. In the present paper we use the transport cost to make an improvement in the uniform continuity bound presented by Winter for the von Neumann entropy in infinite dimensional density matrices.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134992038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract DEAD-box helicase 53 (DDX53) is a member of the DEAD-box protein family of RNA helicases. Unlike other family members that are responsible for RNA metabolism, the biological function of DDX53 and its impact on the human condition are unclear. Herein, We found 21 patients with loss-of-function variants at DDX53, of whom 19 patients exhibited neurological disorders. Notably, a local patient with a full-length DDX53 deletion mutation had hereditary spastic paraplegia-like (HSP-like) clinical manifestation with lower extremity spasticity, intellectual disability, walking disorder, visual impairment, and lateral ventricular white matter lesions. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that DDX53 was mainly expressed in the cerebellar cortex and may function as a tissue-specific RNA helicase. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of multiple brain-associated genes involved in synapse organization, neuron function, and neuromuscular junctions was affected by DDX53 depletion. Moreover, RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-seq) analysis showed that DDX53 interacted with 176 genes, and 97 of these genes were associated with the execution of neurofunction, particularly in the regulation of cell projection organization and nervous system development. Collectively, although a more specified cell or animal model is required to fully understand the functional role of DDX53 in the human brain, we report for the first time that DDX53 is required for the maintenance of neuronal function and that loss-of-function mutations in DDX53 may cause HSP due to impaired RNA metabolism in the nervous system.
{"title":"Loss-of-function mutation in DDX53 associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia-like disorder","authors":"Xiangshu Yuan, Ya Wang, Xiyuan Li, Sheng Zhong, Danyi Zhou, Xianlong Lin, Maofeng Wang, Yanling Yang, Hezhi Fang","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3529208/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3529208/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract DEAD-box helicase 53 (DDX53) is a member of the DEAD-box protein family of RNA helicases. Unlike other family members that are responsible for RNA metabolism, the biological function of DDX53 and its impact on the human condition are unclear. Herein, We found 21 patients with loss-of-function variants at DDX53, of whom 19 patients exhibited neurological disorders. Notably, a local patient with a full-length DDX53 deletion mutation had hereditary spastic paraplegia-like (HSP-like) clinical manifestation with lower extremity spasticity, intellectual disability, walking disorder, visual impairment, and lateral ventricular white matter lesions. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that DDX53 was mainly expressed in the cerebellar cortex and may function as a tissue-specific RNA helicase. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of multiple brain-associated genes involved in synapse organization, neuron function, and neuromuscular junctions was affected by DDX53 depletion. Moreover, RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-seq) analysis showed that DDX53 interacted with 176 genes, and 97 of these genes were associated with the execution of neurofunction, particularly in the regulation of cell projection organization and nervous system development. Collectively, although a more specified cell or animal model is required to fully understand the functional role of DDX53 in the human brain, we report for the first time that DDX53 is required for the maintenance of neuronal function and that loss-of-function mutations in DDX53 may cause HSP due to impaired RNA metabolism in the nervous system.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"77 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3605506/v1
Jitender Prasad, Rahul Rajak, T. V. Sekher, Varsha P. Nagargoje, None Nirbhav
Abstract This study analyzes the impact of disasters on the health of older adults in India, using data from LASI Wave-1 (2017-18) with 2,487 participants. Descriptive and multivariate analyses examined the link between health outcomes and disasters in older adults. The research reveals that drought, floods, and earthquakes are prevalent disaster, while traffic accidents and building collapses are significant man-made disasters. Older adults exposed to disasters caused by natural hazards experienced higher rates of psychological trauma, chronic illness, and physical disabilities. Man-made disasters were associated with increased risk of physical disability and chronic illness. Disasters were strongly linked to psychological trauma. This study emphasizes the importance of disaster preparedness and response strategies tailored to the needs of older adults. It calls for policies to improve healthcare access, social support, and disaster resilience, particularly in rural areas. Conducted through personal interviews, this research offers valuable insights for shaping policy and disaster management.
{"title":"Uncovering the Impact of Disasters on the Health and Wellbeing of Older Adults: Insights from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India","authors":"Jitender Prasad, Rahul Rajak, T. V. Sekher, Varsha P. Nagargoje, None Nirbhav","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3605506/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3605506/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study analyzes the impact of disasters on the health of older adults in India, using data from LASI Wave-1 (2017-18) with 2,487 participants. Descriptive and multivariate analyses examined the link between health outcomes and disasters in older adults. The research reveals that drought, floods, and earthquakes are prevalent disaster, while traffic accidents and building collapses are significant man-made disasters. Older adults exposed to disasters caused by natural hazards experienced higher rates of psychological trauma, chronic illness, and physical disabilities. Man-made disasters were associated with increased risk of physical disability and chronic illness. Disasters were strongly linked to psychological trauma. This study emphasizes the importance of disaster preparedness and response strategies tailored to the needs of older adults. It calls for policies to improve healthcare access, social support, and disaster resilience, particularly in rural areas. Conducted through personal interviews, this research offers valuable insights for shaping policy and disaster management.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"76 22","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the present study, cow dung from different breeds of cow were explored for its microbial population, plant growth promoting (PGP) traits and antagonistic activity against six fungal phytopathogens. Physico-chemical analysis of cow dung showed highest N, P, K, EC and pH in indigenous Himachali Pahari non-lactating cow. The microbial population of cow dung was enumerated for a period of 7 days and maximum microbial count was found in Himachali Pahari lactating cow. A total of 32 morphologically different cow dung bacterial isolates were selected for further characterization. Cow dung isolates i.e. , PL2, PL3 from Himachali Pahari lactating and PD3, PD5 from non-lactating cow; SL1, SL2, SL5 from Sahiwal lactating cow and SD3 from non-lactating cow; JL1 from Jersey lactating cow and JD1, JD2 from non-lactating cow were found positive for all PGP activities except HCN production. Quantitative estimation showed Jersey non-lactating isolate (JD3) best in phosphate solubilisation (127.79 µg/ml) and JD4 for siderophore production (98.42%) whereas, Himachali Pahari lactating (PL2) was found best in IAA production (80.03 µg/ml). Bacterial isolates were checked for antifungal activity against six fungal pathogens viz ., Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotonia sclerotiorum, Pythium aphanidermatum, Phytopthora sp., Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum. Maximum antifungal activity was found in Jersey lactating isolates (JL1, JL2 and JL4) and Jersey non-lactating (JD1), against all tested fungal phytopathogens. Thirteen bacterial isolates were selected on the basis of PGP and antifungal activities for biochemical and molecular identification. PD3, SL1, JL1, JL2, JL4 and JD1 were identified as Bacillus subtilis , SL2 as Bacillus sp., SD3 and JL3 as Escherichia coli , SL5 as Arthrobacter gandavensis , PL2 as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and PL3 as Microbacterium thalassium .
{"title":"Comparative analysis of cow dung microflora of different cow breeds for plant growth promoting traits and antifungal properties for prospective use in organic and natural farming system","authors":"Shweta Sagar, Arjun Singh, Jyoti Bala, Rakesh Chauhan, Rameshwar Kumar, Abhishek Walia","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3584654/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3584654/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the present study, cow dung from different breeds of cow were explored for its microbial population, plant growth promoting (PGP) traits and antagonistic activity against six fungal phytopathogens. Physico-chemical analysis of cow dung showed highest N, P, K, EC and pH in indigenous Himachali Pahari non-lactating cow. The microbial population of cow dung was enumerated for a period of 7 days and maximum microbial count was found in Himachali Pahari lactating cow. A total of 32 morphologically different cow dung bacterial isolates were selected for further characterization. Cow dung isolates i.e. , PL2, PL3 from Himachali Pahari lactating and PD3, PD5 from non-lactating cow; SL1, SL2, SL5 from Sahiwal lactating cow and SD3 from non-lactating cow; JL1 from Jersey lactating cow and JD1, JD2 from non-lactating cow were found positive for all PGP activities except HCN production. Quantitative estimation showed Jersey non-lactating isolate (JD3) best in phosphate solubilisation (127.79 µg/ml) and JD4 for siderophore production (98.42%) whereas, Himachali Pahari lactating (PL2) was found best in IAA production (80.03 µg/ml). Bacterial isolates were checked for antifungal activity against six fungal pathogens viz ., Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotonia sclerotiorum, Pythium aphanidermatum, Phytopthora sp., Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum. Maximum antifungal activity was found in Jersey lactating isolates (JL1, JL2 and JL4) and Jersey non-lactating (JD1), against all tested fungal phytopathogens. Thirteen bacterial isolates were selected on the basis of PGP and antifungal activities for biochemical and molecular identification. PD3, SL1, JL1, JL2, JL4 and JD1 were identified as Bacillus subtilis , SL2 as Bacillus sp., SD3 and JL3 as Escherichia coli , SL5 as Arthrobacter gandavensis , PL2 as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and PL3 as Microbacterium thalassium .","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"92 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Although phytoplankton are well known as robust bioindicators to aquatic environments, their indicating functions based on different community parameters remain to be understood. In order to filtering effective bioindicators to aquatic ecosystems, four phytoplankton community parameters including species richness (SR), total biomass (SBP), functional groups (FGBP) and size-fractionated chlorophyll-a (SC) were demonstrated and tested in a subtropical artificial lake with ecological restoration in South China. Our results indicated that all the above four parameters exhibited high sensitivity to environmental variations and illustrated distinct aspects of indicating functions to aquatic environments due to their individual biological characteristics. Based on FGBP, both spatial and temporal differences in phytoplankton community could be identified; SR and SBP only classified the spatial and temporal distributions, respectively; while SC could distinguish the sewage outfalls from other sites. In terms of ecological management, two parameters (SR and FGBP) could distinguish the restored waters from untreated environments as non-point source pollution, and another parameter SC could indicate the sewage outfalls as point source pollution. Therefore, the combination of the above two categories of phytoplankton community parameters could make the strongest indicating functions. Our study provided greater insight into indicating functions of phytoplankton community parameters in an ecological restored lake and enabled better managements in such artificial lakes.
{"title":"Function rather than structure of phytoplankton community reveals changes of water quality in an ecological restored lake","authors":"Caiqin Hu, Changxin Xie, Wanling Yang, Qianfu Liu, Yuan Gao, Yanyi Zeng, Haiyan Li, Jinhui Sun, Chao Wang","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3541053/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3541053/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although phytoplankton are well known as robust bioindicators to aquatic environments, their indicating functions based on different community parameters remain to be understood. In order to filtering effective bioindicators to aquatic ecosystems, four phytoplankton community parameters including species richness (SR), total biomass (SBP), functional groups (FGBP) and size-fractionated chlorophyll-a (SC) were demonstrated and tested in a subtropical artificial lake with ecological restoration in South China. Our results indicated that all the above four parameters exhibited high sensitivity to environmental variations and illustrated distinct aspects of indicating functions to aquatic environments due to their individual biological characteristics. Based on FGBP, both spatial and temporal differences in phytoplankton community could be identified; SR and SBP only classified the spatial and temporal distributions, respectively; while SC could distinguish the sewage outfalls from other sites. In terms of ecological management, two parameters (SR and FGBP) could distinguish the restored waters from untreated environments as non-point source pollution, and another parameter SC could indicate the sewage outfalls as point source pollution. Therefore, the combination of the above two categories of phytoplankton community parameters could make the strongest indicating functions. Our study provided greater insight into indicating functions of phytoplankton community parameters in an ecological restored lake and enabled better managements in such artificial lakes.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"92 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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